identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038D87BCFFB2FF81D8C6FF26396D3BC5.text	038D87BCFFB2FF81D8C6FF26396D3BC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilocybe ruiliensis T. Ma, X. F. Ling & K. D. Hyde 2016	<div><p>Psilocybe ruiliensis T. Ma, X.F. Ling &amp; K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3)</p> <p>Index Fungorum number: IF552166, Facesoffungi number: FoF 02246</p> <p>Etymology:—the species epithet ‘ ruiliensis ’ refers to the location Rili where the type collections were found.</p> <p>Holotype:— CHINA, Yunnan Province: Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=97.801&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.263584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 97.801/lat 24.263584)">Ruili</a>, Longchuan County, on grassland near a reservoir, E097°48´03.6”, N24°15´48.9”, 940m, 24 September 2011, Tao Ma, Xiao-Fei Ling RLC005 (IFRD 415241).</p> <p>Diagnosis:―the new species is characteristic by growing on grassland in the southern subtropical region, basidiomata are somewhat bluish when touched or bruised, having bright reddish orange-brown to yellowish brown and hemisphaeric or subhemisphaeric pileus, the pileus with or without umbo, ellipsoid to subhexagonal basidiospores of medium size 9–11 × (5.5–) 6–7.5 × 5.5–7 μm, slender to stout and fusiform to clavate cheilocystidia, and the form of pleurocystidia similar to the stout pleurocystidia.</p> <p>Original description:―Pileus 10–20 mm diameter, at first irregularly hemisphaeric, conic to subcampanulate, bright reddish orange-brown (5B8), then hemisphaeric, hemisphaeric-conic, hemispheric-convex to almost plane, with or without umbo or small acutely papillate at the disk, yellowish orange-brown (5B6) or dirty yellowish brown when moist, and often with reddish tinge, straw yellow or brownish when dry, frequently whitish at edge; surface smooth, hygrophanous and more or less translucently striate when moist; margin often decorated with somewhat fugacious white to bluing veil remnants, and with cortinate white veil and sometimes small scales in young stages; context yellowish (1A2), sometimes turning bluish when bruised in matured stages, watery brown when wet. Lamellae adnate to subsinuate or adnexed, 1.7–4.2 mm high, subdistant to close, yellowish or beige (4A2) when young, then becoming brownish buff, earth yellow, yellowish brown to chocolate brown (6E7) with gray-purple or purple tinge; edges serrulate, slightly wavy, and remaining whitish and sometimes slightly blackish. Stipe 27–62 mm × 1.5–3.5 mm, central, occasionally slightly eccentric, equal to slightly bulbous at the base, straight to flexuous, yellow-white to brownish, somewhat bluish when touched or bruised; surface covered with appressed whitish pruinose-fibrils; base of stipe with white mycelium; context hollow, fibrous or soft, whitish to brownish, bluish when bruised; annulus absent. Odour null or with somewhat fresh grassy smell.</p> <p>Microscopic characteristics:―Pileipellis an ixocutis, 15–60 μm thick, made up of creeping, hyaline and colourless, subregular to interwoven, 2–5 μm wide filamentous to slender tubular hyphae, sometimes including dark yellow and occasionally blue intracellular pigments, wall smooth or with finely incrusted pigments; subpileipellis yellowish brown to brown in KOH, composed of colourless to dark yellowish or brownish, tubular to inflated, 5–17 μm wide hyphae, and the wall often rough for incrusted pigments. Subhymenium subcellular, hyaline, composed of irregular vesiculose to polygonal or subglobose cells. Hymenophoral trama dark yellowish or brownish yellow, regular, with cylindrical hyphae 3–19 μm diameter, hyaline, colourless to yellowish, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled (≤1.0 μm), and the wall smooth to with somewhat dark incrusted pigments. Basidia (18.5–) 21–29.5 (–32) × (7–) 8.5–11 (–12) μm, hyaline and colourless, nearly cylindric to clavate, often narrowed in lower half and constricted in the middle, 4-spored, sometimes 2-spored; sterigmata (2–) 3–5.5 (–7) μm long. Basidiospores (345/10/5) (7.5–) 9–11 (–12.5) × (5.5–) 6–7.5 (–8) × 5.5–7 (–7.5) μm, ellipsoid, ovoid, subrhomboid to subhexagonal in face view, Q = (1.2–) 1.3–1.6 (–1.8), Q = 1.49±0.10; ellipsoid or subellipsoid in side view, Q = (1.4–) 1.5–1.9 (–2), Q = 1.64±0.12, sometimes containing 1–2 oil drops, brown with purple tinge in water, dark yellow in KOH, purplish brown in deposit; wall smooth, slightly thick (0.5–1 μm), complex, with distinct 1–1.5 μm wide apical germ pore. Cheilocystidia (14–) 16–26 (–30) × 3.5–8.5 (–9.5) μm, slender to stout, hyaline, fusiform, fusiform-lageniform to fusiform-clavate or clavate, sometimes sublageniform or broadly lageniform, and the stout similar to pleurocystidia, but bigger, often with a 1.5–9.5 × 1.5–2.5 μm rostrum or neck, occasionally forked, the top or apex frequently seems wall thickened or contain some matter. Pleurocystidia scattered, 13.5–22 (–24) × 5.5–9 μm, thin-walled, hyaline, fusiform to fusiform-clavate or clavate, sometimes sublageniform or ventricose, apex often protruded or extended into a 0.5–4.5 (–6) × 1.5–3.5 μm rostrum or sometimes neck, the top or apex frequently with a thickened wall or containing some matter. Caulocystidia relatively rare, scarce in young individuals, (16–) 22–70 (–90) × (4.5–) 5.5–15.5 (–24.5) μm, often clustered at the upper part of the stipe, thin-walled, hyaline, elongated lageniform, fusiform-lageniform, ventricose, clavate, obclavate or nearly cylindric, occasionally ping-pong racket shape, often with an elongated (2–) 5–26.5 (–44.5) × 1.5–3.5 μm neck, the top or apex frequently with a thickened wall or containing some matter. Clamp connections common in all parts of the basidioma.</p> <p>Distribution:—Rili, Yunnan Province, southwest China.</p> <p>Habitat: — Growing solitary to scattered and gregarious on grassland near a reservoir where cattle and horses have grazed in early autumn.</p> <p>Material examined:— CHINA, Yunnan Province: Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture,</p> <p>Ruili, Longchuan County, on grassland near a reservoir, E097°48´03.6”, N24°15´48.9”, 940m, 24 September 2011, Tao Ma, Xiao-Fei Ling RLC005 (IFRD 415241, holotype), RLC004 (IFRD 415240, paratype), RLC006 (IFRD 415242, paratype), RLC007 (IFRD 415243, paratype) and RLC008 (IFRD 415244, paratype).</p> <p>Note:— Psilocybe ruiliensis was only found growing on grassland in the southern subtropical region (close to tropical) of western Yunnan at a relatively low altitude. It can be distinguished by its bright reddish orange-brown to yellowish brown and hemisphaeric or subhemisphaeric pileus, ellipsoid to subhexagonal basidiospores with medium size in face view, slender to stout cheilocystidia, and the presence of pleurocystidia.</p> <p>Phylogenetically, P. ruiliensis forms a monophyletic clade with high BS support (100%) and pp value (1.00) and groups with P. mexicana, P. tampanensis and P. samuiensis (sect. Mexicana) and P. caerulescens (sect. Cordispora) sensu Guzmán (1995). In this group, P. ruiliensis and P. samuiensis Guzmán, Bandala &amp; J.W.Allen cluster together. These taxa are similar in some features of their basidiomata, habitat and basidiospores, but P. samuiensis differs in having a smaller and convex to conic-convex to campanulate pileus and relatively slender stem. Microscopically, the slightly larger hexagonal and subrhomboid basidiospores (9.6–12.0 × 6.4–8.4 μm), the ventricose-lageniform cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, and the relatively slender pleurocystidia and basidia can easily separate P. samuiensis from P. ruiliensis (Guzmán et al. 1993, Ramírez-Cruz et al. 2013).</p> <p>Morphologically, P. ruiliensis is related to stirps Mexicana according to Singer (1986) because of the medium sized spores, mycenoid habit and growing in open places on soil. It is also related to Sect. Mexicana sensu Guzmán because of the size of spores, the mycenoid habit and the subtropical habitat, although the shape of its basidiospores is partly subrhomboid. In sect. Mexicana sensu Guzmán, besides P. samuiensis mentioned above, P. ruiliensis bears some superficial resemblance to P. mexicana. Both species grow on subtropical grasslands, but the different shape of fruit body, the absence of pleurocystidia, and the subrhomboid spores of P. mexicana easily distinguish them (Singer and Smith 1958, Guzmán 1983). In many aspects, P. ruiliensis is also similar to P. gallaeciae Guzmán &amp; M.L. Castro and P. galindii Guzmán, but the latter two species have pseudorhiza. In addition, P. gallaeciae has a different coloured pileus, slightly broader and thicker-walled spores, and lageniform pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia. Psilocybe galindii has relatively slender basidiomata, smaller basidia, and slightly larger and subrhomboid thicker-walled basidiospores, as well as grows at 1700–1800 m elevation (Guzmán 1983, Guzmán &amp; Castro 2003, Ramírez-Cruz et al. 2013).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D87BCFFB2FF81D8C6FF26396D3BC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ma, Tao;Ling, Xiao-Fei;Hyde, Kevin D.	Ma, Tao, Ling, Xiao-Fei, Hyde, Kevin D. (2016): Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China. Phytotaxa 284 (3): 181-193, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.3
038D87BCFFB7FF8FD8C6FE653FF638E5.text	038D87BCFFB7FF8FD8C6FE653FF638E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilocybe keralensis K. A. Thomas, Manim. & Guzman, Mycotaxon 2002	<div><p>Psilocybe keralensis K.A. Thomas, Manim. &amp; Guzmán, Mycotaxon 83: 196, 2002 (Figs. 2, 4)</p> <p>Pileus 15–20 mm diameter, hemisphearic, subconic or campanulate, not umbonate or papillate, hygrophanous, brown (6C4 or 4B8) to orange brown (5B6-5C8), fading to pale earth yellow (5A4) to straw yellow, surface glabrous, lucidus when dry and often somewhat bluish when touched or on drying, especially at the edge, not viscid and the margin finely translucent striate when moist; context cream white or yellowish white (2A3), bruising ink blue. Lamellae adnate to slightly sinuate, close, beige (5A4) to orange-yellow (5A6) to greyish purple (9C2) or purple-brown (6C2 to 9E5), often with ink blue tinge, edges serrulate and remaining whitish. Stipe 45–75 × 2–4 mm, equal, sometimes flattened and becoming tapered toward the base, nearly concolorous with the pileus, darker below, often with ink blue to blackish tinge when touched or when dry, and shiny when dry; surface longitudinally striate and covered with appressed whitish fibrils or flocculose, sometimes uneven and with scrobicula and grooves; base with white mycelium and often radicating; annulus absent; context fragile, yellowish and yellowish brown towards the surface and base, staining somewhat ink blue when bruised. Odour null or with fresh grassy or slightly mushroomy smell.</p> <p>Pileipellis an ixocutis, 15–80 μm thick, made up of creeping, interwoven, 2–6 μm wide filiform to slender tubular hyphae, hyaline and colourless, wall-smoothed and thin; subpileipellis more pigmented to dark yellow in KOH. Subhymenium subcellular, hyaline, composed of irregular vesiculose to polygonal or subglobose cells. Hymenium contained rich granular and extracellular dark blue pigment.Hymenophoral trama regular, with filamentous to cylindrical smooth hyphae 2–18 μm diameter, hyaline, colourless to dark yellowish, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled (≤1 μm). Basidia 18.5–28.5 × 5.5–8 μm, hyaline and colourless, long subcylindric to clavate, often constricted in middle and narrowed in lower half, 4-spored and 2-spored, rarely 1-spored; sterigmata (1.5–) 3–5 (–6) μm. Basidiospores (136/6/4) 6–9 (–10, –12) ×5–6.5(–7.5) × 4–6 μm, often subrhomboid or ovoid, sometimes ellipsoid, occasionally inconspicuous subhexagonal in face view, Q = 1.1–1.6 (–1.7, –1.9), Q = 1.35±0.13, ellipsoid or subovoid, sometimes nearly oblong in side view, Q = (1.2–) 1.3–1.8, Q = 1.55±0.15; yellowish brown with purple tinge in water, dark yellow to yellowish brown in KOH, dark purplish brown in deposit; wall smooth, slightly thick (0.5–1 μm), complex, with 0.8–1.5 μm wide apical germ pore. Cheilocystidia abundant, 14–27 (–34.5) × 4–8 μm, hyaline and colourless, ventricose to sublageniform, sometime fusoid or clavate, occasionally nearly cylindric-clavate or obclavate, irregularly branched or not branched, mostly with a 1.5–9.5 (–13.5) × 1–3 μm rostrum or neck, sometimes with an acuminate apex, the top or apex often seems wall thickened or contain some matter. Pleurocystidia relatively rare and scattered, 13–22 × 4–6.5 μm, hyaline, similar to cheilocystidia, but smaller, often with a 1–7.5×1–2 μm neck or rostrum, not branched, the top or apex often seems wall thickened or contain some matter. Caulocystidia abundant, (14.5–) 21–45.5 (–49) × 3.5–8 (–11) μm, scattered, gregarious to clustered at the upper part of the stipe, hyaline, similar to cheilocystidia, but more variable in size, and the neck occasionally with a septum, the top or apex often with a thickened wall or containing some matter. Clamp connections common in all parts of the basidioma.</p> <p>Distribution: — India (Thomas et al. 2002) and Southwestern China (Chuxiong, Shangri-La and Zhaotong, Yunnan Province) (new record to China).</p> <p>Habitat: — Growing solitary to scattered on dung or soil of meadows, or grassland in open area of the forest where cattle have grazed in summer, at 2400–3400m altitude.</p> <p>Material examined:— CHINA, Yunnan Province: Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Shangri-La County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.842476&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.791721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.842476/lat 27.791721)">Namucuo Ecological Park</a>, on dung in grassland, E99°50′32.9, N27°47′30.2ʺ, 3379m, 8 August 2009, Tao Ma, Hui Yang ZD 040 (IFRD414213); Chuxiong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.40186&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.017694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.40186/lat 25.017694)">Zixi Mountain</a>, on soil of grassland in forest, E101°24′06.7ʺ, N25°01′03.7ʺ, 2465m, 4 August 2010, Tao Ma, Xiao-Fei Ling CX 063 (IFRD414040); Zhaotong, Zhaoyang district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.375946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.450306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.375946/lat 27.450306)">Dashanbao</a>, on soil of grassland, E103°22′33.4ʺ, N27°27′01.1ʺ, 2909m, 3 August 2011, Tao Ma, Xiao-Fei Lin g ZY039 (IFRD415173), ZY040 (IFRD415174).</p> <p>Note: — Psilocybe keralensis was found on grassland or dung in subtropical to high temperate mountains at an altitude of 2400–3400 m in Yunnan Province. It is characterized by bluing of the basidiomata and hymenium, the subrhomboid or ovoid basidiospores in face view, with medium size 6–9 (–10) × 5–6.5 (–7.5) × 4–6 μm, and often has pseudorhiza at the stem base.</p> <p>Psilocybe keralensis belongs to the Psilocybe fagicola -complex in Sect. Cordispora Guzmán because of its subrhomboid on face-view and relatively small to medium spores, the characteristic bluing reaction, and the presence of pseudorhiza (Guzmán et al. 2005). It is closely related to P. columbiana Guzmán of this complex, because of the similar basidiomata and basidiospores. The latter species also grows in meadows in high mountains (altitude 3300–3500m). Psilocybe columbiana differs significantly in its absence of pleurocystidia, as well as having relatively slender cheilocystidia (22–30 × 3.3–6.5 μm) and slightly stout spores [(6.6–) 7.1–8 (–8.8) × (4.9–) 6–6.6 (–7.1) × 4.4–5.5 μm] (Guzmán 1978, 1983). Psilocybe keralensis is only known from Kerala, India (Thomas et al. 2002). The Yunnan material shows some variation compared with the India material, such as the pileus without umbo or papilla, and somewhat diversity in colour of the pileus, gills and stems of basidiomata.</p> <p>Phylogenetically, P. keralensis does not group with species of Sect. Cordispora Guzmán, but nested within the “Zapotecorum ”clade (Ramírez-Cruz et al. 2013), together with P. antioquiensis, P. argentipes, P. thaizapoteca, P. zapotecoantillarum, P. zapotecorum and Psilocybe sp. 1. In this clade, most members have pseudorhiza and pleurocystidia. Pseudorhiza were not mentioned in the original description of P. zapotecoantillarum Guzmán, T.J. Baroni &amp; Lodge and were not recorded in Psilocybe sp. 1 in the field (Guzmán et al. 2003).</p> <p>In Guzmán’s sense, P. antioquiensis Guzmán, Saldarr., Pineda, G. García &amp; L.-F. Velázquez belongs to sect. Mexicana as it has relatively larger subrhomboid thick-walled basidiospores compared with that of sect. Cordispora, while the latter four species including Psilocybe sp. 1 belong to sect. Zaptecorum Guzmán due to their subellipsoid, thin-walled basidiospores. Morphologically, P. antioquensis is quite similar to P. keralensis, but P. antioquiensis differs significantly in having relatively slender basidiomata and larger basidiospores [(6–) 8–10 (–11) × (5–)6–6.5 (–7) × 5–6 μm] (Guzmán 1994, Guzmán et al. 2006). Guzmán et al. (2013) considered P. argentipes, P. thaizapoteca as synonyms of P. subcaerulipes, which are closely related to P. keralensis in their similar basidiomata, as well as most microscopic features. The relatively larger basidiomata, smaller 4-spored basidia (16–25 × 5–6 μm), smaller subellipsoid spores [(5–) 6–7 (–8) × (3–) 4–4.5 × (3–) 3.5–4 μm] and gregarious or caespitose habitat can differentiate P. subcaerulipes from P. keralensis. Psilocybe keralensis is obviously different with P. zapotecorum R. Heim and P. zapotecoantillarum in both macro- and microscopic features (Guzmán 1983, Guzmán et al. 2003).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D87BCFFB7FF8FD8C6FE653FF638E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ma, Tao;Ling, Xiao-Fei;Hyde, Kevin D.	Ma, Tao, Ling, Xiao-Fei, Hyde, Kevin D. (2016): Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China. Phytotaxa 284 (3): 181-193, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.3
038D87BCFFB9FF8DD8C6FCD03CD139DD.text	038D87BCFFB9FF8DD8C6FCD03CD139DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilocybe fasciata Hongo, J. Jap. Bot.	<div><p>Psilocybe aff. fasciata Hongo, J. Jap. Bot. 32: 144, 1957 (Figs. 2, 5)</p> <p>Pileus 1.5–2 mm diameter, about 10 mm high, conic to hemispheric-campanulate, with a small acute papilla or umbo, hygrophanous, dark yellowish brown to ochre-brown/chestnut brown (5C6-5D8) and whitish at margin, with somewhat olive tinge when young, mixed with blackish blue when touching and drying, fading to pale brown, sometimes with reddish brown tone; surface smooth, translucently striate when moist; margin decorated with somewhat fugacious, whitish to blackish blue, minute fibrillose veil remnants. Lamellae adnate to sinuate, subclose to subdistant, earth yellow (5A5) to greyish purple (11E3) with irregularly dark and pale mottles, blackish blue tinge during drying or when handled; edges serrulate and remaining whitish. Stipe 57–65 mm × 2–2.5 mm, equal, subbulbous at base, slightly flexuous, yellowish to yellowish brown or brown, somewhat with blackish blue tinge when touched or on drying; surface longitudinally striate and covered with appressed whitish pruinose-fibrils, shiny when dry; annulus absent; context hollow and fragile. Odour with somewhat fresh grassy smell.</p> <p>Pileipellis an ixocutis, 15–90 μm thick, made up of creeping, interwoven, 2–6 μm wide filamentous to slender tubular hyphae, hyaline and colourless, sometimes with loops; subpileipellis yellowish brown to brown in KOH, composed of tubular to inflated, 4–22 μm wide hyphae. Subhymenium subcellular, hyaline, composed of irregular vesiculose to polygonal or subglobose cells. Hymenophoral trama regular, with cylindrical hyphae 3–10 μm diameter, hyaline, colourless to dark yellowish, sometimes with dark blue pigmentation in mature specimens. Basidia 20–24 × 6.5–9 μm, hyaline and colourless, nearly cylindric to clavate, 4-spored; sterigmata 2–4 μm long. Basidiospores (101/3/1) 9–11 (–14) × 5–6.5 (–7.5) × 5–6.5 (–7) μm, ellipsoid to elongate-ellipsoid, hexagonal-ellipsoid, sometimes subrhomboid/subovoid in face view, Q = 1.6–1.9 (–2.1), Q = 1.78±0.12; ellipsoid to elongate-ellipsoid in side view, Q = (1.5–) 1.6–1.9 (–2), Q = 1.77±0.10, yellowish brown with a purple tinge in water, dark yellowish to yellowish brown in KOH, dark purplish brown in deposit; wall-smoothed, slightly thick (0.5–1 μm), with 0.8–1.5 μm wide apical germ pore. Cheilocystidia 19–31.5 × 4.5–8 μm, hyaline, sometimes with dark blue pigmentation, lageniform to fusiform, with a 1–2 μm wide neck, sometimes forked, occasionally with a septa, apex acute or obtuse and often with a thickened wall or containing some matter. Pleurocystidia absent. Caulocystidia 21–30 (–38) × 6.5–9 (–10) μm, solitary or clustered at the upper part of the stipe, similar to cheilocystidia, but relatively broader, with 1–2 μm wide neck, apex often with a thickened wall or containing some matter. Clamp connections common in all parts of the basidioma.</p> <p>Distribution:—Known only from Japan (Hongo, 1957) and China (Guangxi, Hongkong, and Yunnan (Mao 1998, 2000, Bau &amp; Sarentoya 2009). This is a new record for Yunnan.</p> <p>Habitat: — Growing scattered to gregarious on soil in grasslands near dung (at the edge of forest).</p> <p>Material examined:— CHINA, Yunnan Province: Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Mangshi, Heihelaopo Natural Scenic District, E98°35´58.1”, N24°13´34.4”, 2638m, 22 September 2011, Tao Ma, Xiao-Fei Ling MS007 (IFRD415224).</p> <p>Note: — Psilocybe aff. fasciata from Yunnan is characterized by its yellowish brown to ochre-brown and olive brown pileus, the ellipsoid to subovoid basidiospores of medium size (9–11 × 5–6.5 μm in face view), the lageniform to fusiform cheilocystidia with a slender neck, and lack of pleurocystidia. Psilocybe fasciata was described from Japan by Hongo (1957) who described it with a ‘olivaceo-brunneo (“oliue-brown” vel “clove brown”)’pileus, 9.5–11 × 5–6 μm, ellipsoid to slightly ovoid spores, ventricose cheilocystidia and with a slender neck. The specimen from Yunnan mostly conforms with the characters of P. fasciata, and the sequence clustered together in the phylogenetic tree with significant BS support, but low pp value. The loop structure of hyphae in the pileipellis, the blue pigmentation of cheilocystidia and hymenophoral trama, and the small acute papilla of the pileus in the Yunnan specimen, was not recorded in the original description of P. fasciata.</p> <p>Phylogenetically, P. fasciata is closely related with P. stuntzii, P. semilanceata. and P. hispanica. In appearance, it is somewhat similar to P. stuntzii Guzmán &amp; J. Ott in the colour and form of the basidiocarp, as well as some microscopic features, but the annulus, the form of the spores and the habitat separate these two species (Guzmán 1983, Noordeloos 2011). Psilocybe fasciata is easily differentiated from P. semilanceata and P. hispanica Guzmán by its macro- and microscopic features (Guzmán 1983, 2000, Noordeloos 2011).</p> <p>Hongo (1957) related P. fasciata to Psilocybe caerulipes (Peck) Sacc., but the latter has smaller basidiospores (7–) 8.2–9.9 (–11) × 3.8–5.5 (–6) × 3.8–5 μm, and grows on rotten wood or debris in hardwood forests (Guzmán 1983, Singer and Smith 1958). Psilocybe fasciata is somewhat similar to P. fimetaria (P.D. Orton) Watling and P. subfimetaria Guzmán &amp; A.H. Sm. because of the form of the basidiocarp, but it can easily be distinguished by its smaller basidia and basidiospores, and absent of annulus, as well as the growing on dung habitat of the latter two species (Guzmán 1983, Noordeloos 2011).</p> <p>Psilocybe fasciata was considered a synonym of Psilocybe venenata (S. Imai) Imazeki &amp; Hongo by Guzmán (1983), but the latter has an annulus, so we treat them as two species (Hongo 1957, Mao 2000, Bau &amp; Sarentoya 2009).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D87BCFFB9FF8DD8C6FCD03CD139DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ma, Tao;Ling, Xiao-Fei;Hyde, Kevin D.	Ma, Tao, Ling, Xiao-Fei, Hyde, Kevin D. (2016): Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China. Phytotaxa 284 (3): 181-193, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.3
038D87BCFFBBFF8DD8C6FC643E2E3E99.text	038D87BCFFBBFF8DD8C6FC643E2E3E99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psilocybe chuxiongensis T. Ma & K. D. Hyde, Phytotaxa 2014	<div><p>Psilocybe chuxiongensis T. Ma &amp; K.D. Hyde, Phytotaxa 156(4): 213, 2014</p> <p>This species is found in subtropical habitats of central Yunnan Province, and characterized by hemisphaeric to hemisphaeric-convex pilei, the absence of annulus, large ellipsoid, elongate-ellipsoid to subhexagonal basidiospores (13–16 × 8–10.5 × 7.5–10 μm) and a coprophilous or subcoprophilous habitat. It is closely related to the wide-spread subtropical species P. cubensis (Earle) Singer and the pantropical species P. subcubensis Guzmán because of the similar basidiomata and microscopic characteristics (basidiospores, pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia), as well as having a similar habitat (Guzmán 1983, 1995).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D87BCFFBBFF8DD8C6FC643E2E3E99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ma, Tao;Ling, Xiao-Fei;Hyde, Kevin D.	Ma, Tao, Ling, Xiao-Fei, Hyde, Kevin D. (2016): Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China. Phytotaxa 284 (3): 181-193, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.3.3
