taxonID	type	description	language	source
038A87DFFF86FFB1FEA9F905B6D3FBFE.taxon	materials_examined	Type species Fistulococcus pokfulamensis sp. nov. Caution. The structure of the submarginal chambered ducts and the dorsal concave pores, discussed in the descriptions below, is difficult to ascertain. In particular, the appearance of what is here referred to as the dorsal concave pore appears to be highly variable but is thought to have the following structure: a round concavity about 4 – 5 m wide, whose borders may become sclerotised in older specimens; each concavity with at least one (rarely with two) heavily sclerotised bar across one end, here interpreted as the side view of an actual pore; in F. pokfulamensis (Figs 1 – 3, 5), there may be two types of inner ductule, either a long thin ductule or a thicker inner duct (both shown in Fig. 2 D). The concave pores of F. intsiae (Figs 8 – 10, 12) all appear to be identical to each other, each with a narrow ductule and a large glandular end.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF86FFB1FEA9F905B6D3FBFE.taxon	description	Generic diagnosis: female, with four stages. ADULT FEMALE (Figs 1, 8).	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF86FFB1FEA9F905B6D3FBFE.taxon	materials_examined	Unmounted material: F. pokfulamensis ­ dorsum covered in a dusting of white wax; body surrounded by a fan of long white wax filaments, each several millimetres long, emerging from close to margin on all sides except that contiguous with plant vein. F. intsiae ­ although no residual dry material remains, a field note described the specimens as being surrounded by a patch of mealy wax on the leaf surface, and the specimens themselves appearing more similar to immature whiteflies (Aleyrodidae) than to scales. Mounted material (both species): elongate­oval, slightly pointed at both ends, asymmetrical, generally with one margin rather straight (through being adpressed to a major leaf vein) and other strongly curved. Stigmatic clefts distinct, broad but shallow with a narrow outer opening; margin of cleft strongly sclerotised, with or without stigmatic spines; anal cleft short. Dorsum: derm slightly to moderately sclerotised at maturity, with few or no areolations; signs of asymmetry strongly apparent in distribution of submarginal chambered ducts, these more­or­less restricted to side with curved margin (i. e., side away from leaf vein). All setae and pores absent from a narrow elongate region extending from anal plates anteriorly to head, and possibly from some areas submedially and submarginally. Dorsal setae extremely short, each with a very broad, heavily sclerotised basal socket, subequal in width to length of seta; submarginal setae in small groups of 1 – 4 between submarginal chambered ducts, these setae stout and more abundant than those elsewhere; other setae fine and sparsely distributed, but perhaps most abundant submedially. Dorsal pores of three types: (i) a small, round, quite heavily sclerotic microductule; (ii) a larger concave pore, generally with a sclerotised margin, with a heavily sclerotised bar across one side, here considered to be side view of actual pore, and (iii) preopercular pores widespread, in two broad bands extending anteriorly from anal plates but absent submarginally. Dorsal tubular ducts, dorsal tubercles, and pocket­like tubercles absent. Submarginal chambered ducts present, of complex structure; each with a long broad outer duct; duct opening onto dorsum complex, each duct with an inverted Ushaped group of 7 – 12 satellite pores around outer opening, each pore consisting of a funnel­shaped opening, this narrowing to a sclerotised pore at base, with a short inner ductule; area around satellite pores much less sclerotised, with 1 – 9 stout setae along outer margin, each seta similar in structure to stouter dorsal setae; chambered ducts submarginal, apparently restricted to the side of the body away from the leaf vein. Anal plates each approximately triangular, each with four strong setae ­ anterior and posterior inner marginal setae, an apical seta and an outer marginal seta. Anogenital fold with a long seta at each corner of anterior margin, and 2 or 3 on lateral margins. Anal ring with six long setae. Anal cleft margins without setae. Eyespots apparently absent. Margin: marginal setae spinose, each with rather parallel sides and pointed apex; abundant in a single line around margin; each with a strongly sclerotised and rather deep basal socket. Stigmatic clefts with inner part broad and shallow, but with a narrow outer opening; margin of cleft heavily sclerotised dorsally; stigmatic spines present or absent. Ve n te r: derm membranous, segmentation on abdomen not clear. Distribution of appendages showing distinct asymmetry, with mouthparts, legs, antennae and spiracles all closer to one margin than to other margin. Preanal disc­pores with 5 – 8 outer loculi, on posterior 4 abdominal segments. Spiracular disc­pores in broad bands, each pore usually with 5 outer loculi. Ventral microducts small, each with a short inner ductule. Preantennal pores present or absent. Ventral tubular ducts absent. Ventral setae infrequent; with or without anal cleft setae; with bands of setae across each abdominal segment, those medially longest; pairs of long preanal setae not always strongly differentiated. Antennae 6 segmented, with pseudo­articulations in segment III; with 3 setae on scape, 2 on pedicel and 3 on segment III; 1 fleshy seta on segment IV; 1 fleshy seta and a hair­like seta on segment V; 3 fleshy setae, 1 or 2 hair­like setae and 4 stiff setae on segment VI. Mouthparts displaced to one side but normally developed; labium twisted through 90 degrees and pointing laterally, probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles normal but asymmetrically placed. Legs variable in size; tarsal campaniform pore absent; tarsal digitules longer than claw; claws either normally developed with a small denticle or very short, appearing almost bifurcate; claw digitules variable. THIRD­INSTAR FEMALE (Figs 2, 9): similar to adult female but smaller, with fewer chambered ducts and without both preopercular pores and preanal disc­pores. SECOND­INSTAR FEMALE (Figs 3, 10): similar to 3 rd­instar female but significantly smaller and less asymmetrical, with fewer marginal setae and chambered ducts and without groups of dorsal setae submarginally between chambered ducts. FIRST­ INSTAR NYMPH (Figs 4, 11) (sexes probably not separable): unmounted material of F. pokfulamensis with long lateral threads of glassy wax of different structure to those of older instars (see discussion of F. pokfulamensis). Mounted material (of both species): body barely asymmetrical; dorsal " chambered " ducts different in structure from those on later instars and more or less symmetrically distributed around submargin; concave pores absent; eyespots present; anal plates each with a very long apical seta; antennae six segmented, hair­like seta on segment 5 exceptionally long; legs well developed; claw normally developed with a denticle; claw digitules dissimilar and offset (digitules on each prothoracic tarsus even more dissimilar, one being short and setose); pair of dorsal " trilocular " pores present anteriorly on head; dorsal setae few, in a line on thorax and head. Generic diagnosis: male, with 5 stages (pupa of neither species seen in this study). ADULT MALE (Fig. 7): of moderate size, with few hair­like setae and no fleshy setae on body; however, appendages hirsute, with numerous quite long fleshy setae, each easily differentiated from hair­like setae. Wings well­developed. Head: preocular ridge distinct and extending posteriorly to meet ventral mid­cranial ridge medially. Genae large, covered in polygonal reticulations, each without inner microridges; without genal setae. Simple eyes: two pairs, 1 pair each dorsally and ventrally; subequal in size but large and round. Postocular ridge extending medially almost to median crest dorsally and not nearly touching ocelli. Cranial apophysis well developed, long with a bifurcated apex. Antennae: 10 ­ segmented; pedicel with a few ridges or reticulations. Prothorax: pronotal ridge well developed, probably fused medially. Post­tergite present. Mesothorax: scutum with large median membranous area; areas lateral to scutellum with polygonal reticulations; basisternum large, with a strong median ridge anteriorly, which weakens posteriorly. Metathorax: metatergal setae absent or represented by a single hair­like seta laterally; metapleural ridge fully developed; small suspensorial sclerite present; episternum poorly developed, without postmetaspiracular setae; metepimeron welldeveloped and sclerotised, without setae; dorsospiracular setae absent; metasternum unsclerotised and not reticulated; anterior metasternal and posterior metasternal setae absent. Wings: of moderate length and width; hamulohalteres present, each with a single hamulus. Legs: long and hirsute; without coxal bristles; trochanter + femur poorly separated; long trochantal seta undifferentiated; each tibia with a single apical spur; tarsal campaniform pore absent; tarsal digitules longer than claw; claws long and thin, of an unusual shape, each with a strong projection basally but without a denticle; claw digitules slightly longer than claw. Abdomen: caudal extension of segment VII small or absent, rounded and unsclerotised; setae few. Abdominal segment VIII: sternite well sclerotised; tergite with 2 ante­anal setae; caudal extension rounded; glandular pouches present, each with two setae. Genital segment: penial sheath quite stout and strong, narrowing slightly towards base and also gradually towards apex, about 1 / 5 th total body length; basal rod apparently rather diffuse, not nearly reaching basal membranous area anteriorly; aedeagus rather broad. PREPUPA (Fig. 6): a fairly typical coccid prepupa but marginal lobes on abdominal segment VII short and rounded; lobes on segment VIII apparently absent but penial sheath broad and much longer than lobes on segment VII; spiracular disc­pores either absent or very few. SECOND­INSTAR MALE (Figs 5, 12): fairly similar to 2 ndinstar females but with dorsal tubular ducts arranged in a submarginal ring, in two elongate medio­lateral lines anterior to anal plates, and in four pairs of radial lines.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF86FFB1FEA9F905B6D3FBFE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The chosen generic name derives from fistulosus (Latin, meaning full of pipes), referring to the chambered ducts around the dorsum; the suffix ­ coccus is commonly used in scale insect nomenclature. Taxonomic affinities. Fistulococcus bears some resemblance to Ceronema Maskell (Filippiinae), which also features chambered ducts, and all the material discussed in this paper had been provisionally placed in Ceronema in the BMNH collection by the second author. However, Fistulococcus belongs to the subfamily Coccinae (tribe Paralecaniini), as defined by Hodgson (1994), and this new genus will key out in Hodgson's (1994) key to genera of Paralecaniini with the addition of the following couplet: 1 a. Submarginal chambered ducts very asymmetrically distributed, each duct with satellite pores and setae around duct orifice; ventral tubular ducts absent; stigmatic spines present or absent ....................................................... Fistulococcus Hodgson & Martin ­ Submarginal ducts generally absent but, when present, distributed a complete submarginal ring and each duct without satellite pores or setae around duct orifice; ventral tubular ducts present or absent; stigmatic spines present ............................................ 1 b 1 b. As in couplet 1 of Hodgson’s key. Fistulococcus contains two species, F. intsiae and F. pokfulamensis, both here described as new. However, material is at hand of a possible third species [1 pharate thirdinstar female, tree­crown sample of Anisoptera thurifera s. sp. polyandra (Dipterocarpaceae), Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province coast, Buso, 12. xi. 1979, J. H. Martin # 2843 ­ 5 (BMNH)]. Because this specimen is pharate, it is not clear which structures relate to which stage, but it appears to have well­developed legs (therefore unlikely to be F. pokfulamensis) and to possess no stigmatic setae (therefore probably not F. intsiae).	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	description	(Described from 5 specimens, mostly in good condition). As for generic diagnosis, with following details:	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Unmounted material: amount of material small but all adults located adpressed to a leaf vein, surrounded by a wide fan of numerous white wax threads, each thread at least as long as width of body and more or less straight. Dorsum covered in a dusting of white wax, with white wax threads / filaments appearing to arise from near margin (except the part of margin adpressed to leaf vein). Body of female very flat but with a slight longitudinal ridge anterior to anal plates. Mounted material: length 2.2 – 3.5 mm, width 1.0 – 2.0 mm. Anal cleft about 1 / 10 th total body length, set at a distinct angle to body axis. Dorsum: dermal areolations mainly near margin and submedially. Dorsal setae each about 2 m long (occasionally up to 5 m); many setae separated from their basal sockets, each with a narrow flange towards base: most abundant in small groups of 2 – 6 between submarginal chambered ducts submarginally, usually arranged in an arc; also sparsely distributed elsewhere, perhaps most frequent submedially but present throughout most of dorsum. Dorsal pores: (i) small microductule each about 2 mm wide: frequent throughout but absent in some mediolateral areas; (ii) concave pore larger than microductule: present more or less throughout but most abundant submedially and submarginally, and (iii) preopercular pores, each about 3 – 4 m wide: fairly abundant in two broad bands extending anteriorly from anal plates onto head. Submarginal chambered ducts: large duct about 75 – 85 m long and 8 – 9 m wide; with about 8 – 12 satellite, funnel­shaped pores forming U­shaped area of sclerotisation, plus 3 – 9 setae: chambered ducts almost restricted to submargin of most curved margin, with (on curved margin): 6 between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 4 – 6 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 12 – 15 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; straighter margin with 1 or 2 at anterior end and 3 – 5 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent (except on one specimen, where 1 between stigmatic clefts laterally). Anal plates 115 – 133 m long, combined widths 100 m; each with four strong setae: both anterior and posterior inner margin setae 55 – 60 m long, apical seta 60 – 70 m long, and outer margin seta 48 – 58 m long. Anogenital fold: seta at each corner on anterior margin about 30 – 33 m long; anal ring: longest setae perhaps 155 – 175 m long.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	description	Margin: marginal setae each quite long (25 – 40 m), each with rather parallel sides and a rather blunt point; each with a strongly sclerotised basal socket, which appears to have internal extensions: with, on curved margin, 80 – 109 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 47 – 64 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 131 – 176 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on straighter side: 84 – 115 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 43 – 62 between clefts laterally, and 160 – 207 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts as in diagnosis. Venter: preanal disc­pores scarce, with about 16 – 25 on segment VII, 7 – 9 on VI, 2 – 6 on V and 2 – 4 on IV; on one specimen, a single quinquelocular pore present just posterior to a procoxa. Spiracular disc­pores in broad bands between spiracle and margin, with, in each anterior band, about 22 – 38 on curved side and 13 – 20 on short side and, in each posterior band, 29 – 40 on curved side and 9 – 27 on short side; also with 0 – 2 extending around each spiracle medially. Ventral microducts frequent throughout. Ventral setae: with bands of 5 – 18 setae across each abdominal segment, those medially longest, 20 – 50 m long but some in segments VI and VII up to 75 m. Antennae 6 segmented but segmentation often obscure; each 198 – 225 m long; with 3 setae on scape, 2 on pedicel, 3 on segment III, 1 fleshy seta on both segments IV and V (latter sometimes also with a hair­like seta) and apical segment with 4 fleshy setae, 2 stiff setae and 2 hair­like setae; terminal stiff seta 15 – 18 m; longest hair­like seta short, 25 m. Mouthparts: clypeolabral shield 105 – 125 m; labium probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of peritremes: anterior 38 – 45 m wide, posterior 43 – 50 m. Legs; measurements of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 66 – 75; trochanter + femur 70 – 80; tibia + tarsus 75; claw 11 – 13; segmentation between tibia and tarsus often obscure; setal distribution: coxa 3 or 4; trochanter 2 or 3; femur 1; tibia 2 or 3; tarsus 4. 3 RD­INSTAR FEMALE (Fig. 2) (Described from 3 specimens in fair­to­good condition). As for generic diagnosis with the following additional details:	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Mounted material: as for adult female; length 2.2 – 2.3 mm, width 1.0 – 1.05 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1 / 11 th total body length. Dorsum: dorsal setae each about 2 – 3 m long, basal socket width subequal to length of setae: in groups of 0 – 5 (generally 0 or more than 3) between submarginal chambered ducts on chambered duct side but almost absent submarginally on leaf vein side; also fairly frequent in two submedial lines, plus a few others scattered submarginally. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules, each slightly oval, heavily sclerotised and about 2 – 3 m wide: most abundant submarginally but frequent throughout, and (ii) larger concave pores, each about 4 – 5 m wide but possibly slightly larger medially and possibly with either a long fine inner ductule or 1 or 2 shorter, broader ductules: most abundant submarginally but frequent throughout, possibly in a reticulate pattern. Submarginal chambered ducts: each large duct about 40 – 67 m long and 7 – 8 m wide; chambered duct opening on dorsum similar to that on adult female, with 1 – 7 setae: mainly restricted to one margin, where 5 present between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 3 or 4 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 7 or 8 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; other margin with 2 anteriorly on head and 2 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 80 – 87 m long, combined widths 78 – 85 m; each with four strong setae: lengths (m) anterior and posterior inner margin setae 30 – 36, apical seta 40 – 43 and outer margin seta about 30 – 36 m long. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female, anal ring setae: 4 about 145 – 150 m long, and 2 much shorter, each 70 – 75 m long.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	description	Margin: marginal setae each 11 – 25 m, mostly 20 + m: with, on margin with chambered ducts: 60 – 64 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 32 – 34 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 103 – 105 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on margin without ducts: 60 – 64 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 35 or 36 between clefts laterally, and 114 – 118 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts as on adult female. Venter: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with mainly 5 outer loculi and a distinct small inner loculus: few, in narrow bands between spiracle and margin, with 6 – 11 in each anterior band and 11 – 16 in each posterior band; with none extending medially around each spiracle. Ventral microducts very sparse, most abundant near labium. Ventral setae: abdominal segments II: 2 or 3 longer setae medially + 0 or 1 submedially; III – VI: 4 – 7 longer setae medially + 0 – 2 small setae submedially, and VII: 1 pair long setae (each about 33 – 35 m long) medially + 3 – 5 shorter setae on either side of anal cleft. Antennae 6 segmented (one specimen had a 5 ­ segmented antenna); each antenna 142 – 150 m long; setal distribution as on adult female; terminal stiff seta 8 m; longest hair­like seta short, 23 – 25 m. Mouthparts clearly slightly twisted to one side but normally developed; clypeolabral shield 125 m long; labium twisted through 90 ° and pointing laterally; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of all peritremes 23 – 27 m wide. Legs rather short: measurements of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 48 – 52; trochanter + femur 50 – 54; tibia + tarsus 45 – 52 (segmentation indistinct); claw 8; setal distribution: coxa 2 or 3; trochanter 1; femur 0 or 1; tibia 1 – 3; tarsus 3. Claw very reduced and almost bifid. 2 ND­INSTAR FEMALE (Fig. 3) (Described from 3 specimens in fair­to­good condition). As for generic diagnosis with the following additional details:	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Mounted material: length 1.0 – 2.1 mm, width 0.53 – 0.9 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1 / 15 th total body length. Dorsum: derm without areolations. Dorsal setae extremely short, each about 2 m long: rather scarce, restricted to two submedial lines of about 4 – 6 setae between point dorsad to metacoxae to a point dorsad to each scape; absent submarginally between submarginal chambered ducts. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules each about 2 m wide: most abundant submarginally but frequent throughout, and (ii) larger concave pore, each about 4 – 5 m wide: frequent throughout, possibly in a reticulate pattern. Submarginal chambered ducts: each large duct about 40 – 53 m long and 7 – 8 m wide; duct opening similar to that on adult female but with only 2 – 4 setae; distribution: almost restricted to one margin, where 3 between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 2 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 7 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; other margin with 1 anteriorly on head and 1 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 63 – 67 m long, combined widths 58 – 65 m; each with four strong setae: lengths (m) anterior inner margin seta 16 – 22, posterior inner margin seta about 25, apical seta 35 – 38 and outer margin seta about 25 – 27. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female; anal ring setae with 4 about 112 m long, and 2 much shorter. Margin: marginal setae each 8 – 17 m long: on margin with chambered ducts: 35 – 42 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 17 – 19 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 56 or 57 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on margin without ducts: 30 – 33 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 14 – 18 between clefts laterally, and 58 – 61 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts as on adult female.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	description	Venter: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with mainly 5 outer loculi and a distinct small inner loculus: few, in narrow bands between spiracle and margin, with 5 or 6 in each anterior band and 4 – 10 in each posterior band; with none extending medially around each spiracle. Ventral microducts very sparse, most abundant near labium. Ventral setae: with 0 or 1 small seta submedially on abdominal segments II – VI plus a pair of longer setae on segment VII, each 20 – 30 m long. Antennae 6 segmented; each antenna 107 – 120 m long; setal distribution as on adult female; terminal stiff seta 5 – 8 m; longest hair­like seta short, 17 m. Mouthparts slightly displaced to one side but normally developed; clypeolabral shield 100 – 108 m long; labium twisted through 90 ° and pointing laterally; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of all peritremes 16 – 18 m wide. Legs rather short; measurements of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 34 – 40; trochanter + femur 40 – 43; tibia + tarsus 30 – 45 (segmentation indistinct); claw 3 – 5; setal distribution: coxa 3; trochanter 1; femur 0 or 1; tibia 1 or 2; tarsus 2. Claw as on adult female.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Unmounted material: appearance similar to a minute adult female except that fan of glassy wax threads appears to surround entire body, with some over dorsum; filaments abundant, particularly laterally. Each filament or thread more or less straight, length up to about equal to length of body (or longer) and brownish in colour; under low power, each filament appearing to reflect light as a series of minute beads. Mounted material: body rounded at both ends, showing only slight signs of asymmetry; length 0.62 – 1.0 mm, width 0.3 – 0.5 mm. Anal cleft short or practically absent. Dorsum: derm membranous. Dorsal setae extremely short, each about 2 m long, subequal to width of basal socket: scarce, restricted to two submedial lines of about 4 setae between point almost dorsad to metacoxae and a point dorsad to each scape; absent elsewhere. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules each about 2 m wide: sparsely distributed, perhaps 2 pairs per segment on thorax plus 1 pair submedially on abdomen, and (ii) a pair of slightly larger pores, structure unclear but possibly trilocular, each about 4 m wide, near anterior margin of head. Submarginal ducts unlike those on older instars, each membranous and apparently twisted, with a heavily sclerotised inner end; each " duct " about 25 – 28 m long; duct opening on dorsum simple, without setae but with 1 or 2 oval thickening on inner margins; ducts evenly distributed on both sides as follows: 1 – 2 between stigmatic clefts anteriorly; 2 between stigmatic clefts laterally and 4 or 5 on each side between posterior stigmatic clefts and anal cleft. Anal plates each 48 – 52 m long, combined widths 55 – 57 m; each with four setae: lengths (m) anterior inner margin seta 13 – 16, posterior inner margin seta about 16 – 20, apical seta 160 – 175 and outer margin seta about 20 – 23. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female; longest anal ring setae 85 – 90 m long.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	description	Margin: marginal setae each 13 – 20 m long, with 10 between eyespots on margin, 6 – 8 between eyespots and anterior stigmatic cleft; 6 – 8 between stigmatic clefts laterally and 22 – 24 on each side between posterior stigmatic clefts and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts as on adult female. Venter: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with mainly 2 – 4 loculi without an inner loculus: few, in a line between spiracle and margin, with 2 or 3 in each anterior band and 2 – 5 in each posterior band; with none extending medially around each spiracle. Ventral microducts very few, sparse: with 1 submedially on most abdominal segments and a few posterior to labium. Ventral setae: sparse; with 0 or 1 small seta submedially on abdominal segments; longer setae on segment VII each 45 – 53 m long; with a single submarginal seta laterally between stigmatic clefts; with a single pair of interantennal setae, each about 30 m long. Antennae 6 segmented; each antenna 160 – 170 m long; setal distribution as on adult female, but flagellate seta on segment V very long ­ up to about 70 m; terminal stiff seta 40 – 45 m; longest hair­like seta short, 88 – 93 m. Clypeolabral shield not displaced to one side, 90 – 100 m long; labium not twisted on some specimens but twisted through 90 ° on others; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of all peritremes 10 – 12 m wide. Legs relatively well developed; measurements of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 50 – 52; trochanter + femur 75 – 78; tibia 45 – 48; tarsus 34 – 36; claw 18 – 20; setal distribution: coxa 4; trochanter 3; femur 2; tibia 2 or 3; tarsus 4. Length of long coxal setae 38 – 48 m; length of long trochanter setae 36 – 40 m. Tarsal digitules staggered, dissimilar, one much shorter than other, a smaller apical knob (smaller digitule on prothoracic legs perhaps without a swollen apex). Claw digitules dissimilar, one longer and stouter than other. Claw long and narrow, with a strong denticle.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	discussion	Comment: As far as the authors are aware, dorsal ducts of any sort have not been recorded before on 1 st­instar nymphs. This is otherwise a fairly typical coccid crawler.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	description	As for generic diagnosis with the following additional details:	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Unmounted material: body surrounded by white wax threads similar to those on adult female, each more than 2 – 3 times as long as width of test; body covered in a white glassy test which appears to consist of four plates: 2 long narrow plates along lateral margins, a roundish plate posteriorly (which is probably raised to allow adult male to emerge) and a dorsal plate, pointed anteriorly and blunt posteriorly where it meets top of posterior plate. Narrow lateral plates also with 3 fine transverse fracture lines down each side (equating to radial lines of dorsal tubular ducts). Mounted material: length 1.7 – 2.4 mm, width 0.7 – 1.13 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1 / 15 th total body length, sometimes at a slight angle to body. Dorsum: derm without areolations. Dorsal setae each about 2 m long; rather scarce, almost absent from submargin with chambered ducts, and most frequent on leaf vein submargins (therefore not shown in figure) with about 20 setae between anterior and posterior chambered ducts; also frequent submedially; absent from between submarginal chambered ducts. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules each about 2 m wide: frequent throughout, and (ii) larger concave pore, each about 5 m wide: frequent throughout. Dorsal tubular ducts present in a distinct pattern, each duct quite long (outer ductule 30 – 35 m, inner ductule 16 – 18 m), with a large terminal gland: present in a submarginal ring except for about posterior 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 of abdomen (total around margin about 70 – 78), also in two elongate rows submedially extending from just anterior to anal plates to about dorsad to antennae (total about 25 – 30); also in 4 pairs of radial lines, one pair on head, two between stigmatic clefts on thorax and another about 2 / 3 down abdomen, each transverse band with 4 – 8 ducts; with a small group of 4 or 5 in submedian group where first radial band joins it. Submarginal chambered ducts: each duct about 53 – 58 m long, 7 – 8 m wide; duct opening similar to that on adult female, with 3 – 9 setae; distribution: margin away from leaf vein with 3 between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 2 or 3 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 7 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; other margin with 1 anteriorly on head and 2 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 69 – 80 m long, combined widths 60 – 70 m; each with four strong setae: anterior and posterior inner margin setae both 31 – 40 m long, apical seta 38 – 45 m long and outer margin seta each 33 – 35 m long. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female; longest four anal ring setae each about 115 – 140 m long, 2 shorter each about 70 m long.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	description	Margin: marginal setae each 12 – 20 m: with, on margin away from leaf vein, 40 – 51 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 22 – 26 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 81 – 87 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on margin against leaf vein: 36 – 38 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 23 – 27 between clefts laterally, and 79 – 90 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts as on adult female. Venter: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with mainly 5 outer loculi and a distinct small inner loculus: few, with 5 – 11 in each anterior band and 6 – 8 in each posterior band; with none extending medially around each spiracle. Ventral microducts very sparsely distributed. Ventral setae: with perhaps 2 small setae submedially on each abdominal segment plus 1 or 2 longer setae generally on segment VIII, each 40 – 50 m long. Antennae 6 segmented but segmentation often obscure and often with 1 or 2 pseudosegments in segment III; each antenna 137 – 155 m long; setal distribution as on adult female; terminal stiff seta 10 – 16 m; longest hair­like seta short, 25 m long. Mouthparts displaced to one side but normally developed; clypeolabral shield 107 – 120 m long; labium twisted through 90 ° and pointing laterally; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of all peritremes 20 – 23 m wide. Legs rather short; measurements of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 50 – 55; trochanter + femur 50 – 58; tibia + tarsus 40 – 50 (segmentation indistinct); claw 6 – 7; setal distribution: coxa 4; trochanter 2 or 3; femur 1; tibia 2 or 3; tarsus 4. Claw similar to that on adult female.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	discussion	Comment: the distribution of the tubular ducts on the dorsum is similar to that seen in Marsipococcus marsupialis (Green) (Miller & Williams, 1997), also included by Hodgson (1994) in the Paralecaniini. The two small groups of tubular ducts at the median end of each posterior radial band of ducts probably secrete the " hinges " which allow the posterior part of the glassy test to open, so that the male can emerge, as suggested for other similar tests by Henderson & Rhode (2001). PREPUPA (Fig. 6) (Described from 1 specimen in good condition).	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Mounted material: length 0.78 mm. Elongate oval, head quite wide, only slightly narrower than abdomen; penial sheath large, giving posterior end a rather pointed appearance. Head: antennae about 200 m long (ratio to body length 1: 4.). With a group of about 5 fleshy setae just dorsad to each scape, and with a few small setae near posterior margin dorsally.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	description	Thorax: setae sparse, but with a distinct group anterior to each mesocoxa ventrally; spiracles all with some sclerotisation or high staining material around peritremes; anterior spiracle with possibly 1 spiracular disc­pore near lateral margin; apparently with no discpores associated with posterior spiracles; width of peritremes 30 – 33 m. Length of metathoracic legs 260 m. Wing­buds: length 320 – 360 m, width 105 – 108 m (ratio of length to width 1: 0.3). Abdomen: segmentation fairly distinct ventrally. With perhaps 2 ante­anal setae, each very short and fleshy, on segment VIII. Dorsal setae small, (totals): VII – V 2; IV – I: 4 – 6; ventral abdominal setae small, (totals): VII 6 or 7; VI & V 4; IV & III 2 or 3; II 1 or 0. Dorsal pleural setae small, (totals): VII – V, 2; I V – I 4 – 6; ventral pleural setae few, perhaps 1 on each side per segment. Segment VII with a pair of large, rounded lateral lobes, each lobe much shorter than length of penial sheath; each without setae marginally but 1 small ventral pleural seta ventrally. Segment VIII represented by a narrow segment medially (appearing to be part of penial sheath), position of lobes only indicated by 3 small fleshy " setae " dorsally on either side of base of penial sheath; setose setae absent. Anus probably present along posterior margin of segment VIII dorsally. Penial sheath much longer than lateral lobes of segment VII and much longer than wide (165 m long and 100 m wide at base; ratio length to width 1: 1.65); with 2 pairs of minute setae or pores on dorsum.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	discussion	Comment. Relatively few prepupae have been described. The prepupa of F. pokfulamensis resembles that of Crystalotesta ornatella Henderson & Hodgson (Hodgson & Henderson, 2004) in having rounded lobes on abdominal segment VII and a long penial sheath, but differs in having non­fleshy pleural setae and in having few or possibly no disc­pores associated with the anterior spiracles. ADULT MALE (Fig. 7) Described from 1 specimen in good condition. As for generic diagnosis with the following additional details:	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Unmounted material: unknown. Mounted material: total body length about 1.75 mm, width at mesothorax about 380 m. Wings large, about 1.3 mm long and 0.55 mm wide. Head: in dorsal view rounded posteriorly, and pointed anteriorly, probably with posterior eyes on a ventral cone; length about 290 m; width across genae 275 m. Almost hairless. Median crest (mc) pronounced and polygonally reticulated; postoccipital ridge (por) absent; with a total of 15 small dorsal head setae (dhs). Mid­cranial ridge: absent dorsally; ventrally (vmcr) narrow but well­defined, extending from lateral midcranial ridges (lmcr) posteriorly to meet preocular ridges (procr); with a narrow reticulated margin anteriorly which widens posteriorly near procr; with 1 or 2 pairs hs ventral midcranial ridge setae (vmcrs). Preocular ridge (procr) distinct and extending posteriorly and meeting vmcr medially. Genae (g) completely covered in polygonal reticulations, each without inner microridges; without genal setae. Eyes: two pairs of particularly large, round, simple eyes, dorsal pair (dse) appearing to be on anterior margin of mounted specimen; subequal in size, width 75 – 82 m. Ocelli each 17 m wide. Ocular sclerite (ocs) heavily polygonally reticulated, each reticulation without inner microridges. Postocular ridge (pocr) extending medially almost to median crest and not nearly touching ocelli; interocular ridge absent. Dorsal ocular setae absent. Ventral head setae absent apart from 1 hs just posterior to each scape. Preoral ridge (pror) poorly developed. Cranial apophysis (ca) long, about 85 m, with a bifurcated apex. Tentorial pits visible but arrangement unclear.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	description	Antennae: each about 1140 m long (ratio of total body length to antennal length 1: 0.65). Scape (scp): 51 – 56 m long and 48 m wide; with 2 (or 3?) hs. Pedicel (pdc): 46 – 50 m long and 50 – 52 m wide, with 3 or 4 fs + 9 – 11 hs, all on ventral surface. Segments III – X each about 21 – 25 m wide; length of fs 36 – 40 m: segment lengths (m): III: 81 – 91; IV: 162 – 168; V: 154 – 156; VI: 150 – 154; VII: 136 – 142; VIII: 124 – 130; IX: 107 – 116; X: 127 – 135; approximate number of setae per segment: III: 9 or 10 fs + 0 hs; IV: 21 – 25 fs + 0 hs; V: 24 – 30 fs + 0 hs; VI: 30 – 34 fs + 0 hs; VII: 29 – 32 fs + 0 hs; VIII: 26 – 29 fs + 0 hs + 1 antennal bristle (ab); IX: 25 fs + 0 hs + 1 ab; X: 24 – 26 fs, 0 hs, 3 sensilla basiconica + perhaps only 2 capitate setae (caps). FIGURE 7. Fistulococcus pokfulamensis. Adult male. Where A = tip of aedeagus; F = polygonal reticulation on each ocular sclerite; G = polygonal reticulation on each gena; K = cranial apophysis; M = metatarsus + claw; P = dorsal view of genital area, and S = ventral view of genital area; and where aas = ante­anal setae; ab = antennal bristle; ads = dorsal abdominal setae; aed = aedeagus; as = abdominal sternites; avs = abdominal ventral setae; bma = basal membranous area; bra = basal rod; caps = capitate setae; cdt = claw digitule; cx = coxa; dhs = dorsal head setae; dps = dorsal pleural setae; dse = dorsal simple eye; epm 3 = metepimeron; eps 2 = mesepisternum; f = furca; fs = fleshy seta; g = gena; gls = glandular pouch setae; gp = glandular pouch; h = hamulohaltere; hs = hair­like setae; lmcr = lateral arm of midcranial ridge; lpl = lateropleurite; mc = median crest; mdr = median ridge; mr = marginal ridge; o = ocellus; ocs = ocular sclerite; pa = postalare; pcr 2 = mesoprecoxal ridge; pdc = pedicel; pepcv = proepisternum + cervical sclerite; plr 3 = metapleural ridge; pn 2 = mesopostnotum; pn 3 = metapostnotum; pocr = postocular ridge; prn = lateral pronotal sclerite; prnr = pronotal ridge; procr = preocular ridge; prsc = prescutum; ps = penial sheath; psp = small sensilla on tip of penial sheath; pss = minute setae on penial sheath; pt = post­tergite; scl = scutellum; scp = scape; sct = scutum; ser = subepisternal ridge; sma = membranous area of scutum; sp 2 = mesothoracic spiracle; sp 3 = metathoracic spiracle; stn 1 = prosternum; stn 2 = mesosternum; stn 3 = metasternum; ta = tarsus; tars = tarsal spur; tdt = tarsal digitule; teg = tegular; ti = tibia; tibs = tibial spur; vmcr = ventral midcranial ridge; vmcrs = setae on either side of ventral midcranial ridge; vps = ventral pleural setae; vse = ventral simple eye. Thorax. Prothorax: pronotal ridge (prnr) well developed, appearing to be fused medially and with a sclerotised bridge anteriorly; lateral pronotal sclerites (prn) narrow and striated; without lateral pronotal setae. Post­tergite (pt) sclerotised with polygonal reticulations, without post­tergital setae. Medial pronotal setae absent. Proepisternum + cervical sclerite (pepcv) normal. Sternum (stn 1) with a strong median and transverse ridges; prosternal setae, anteprosternal and antemesospiracular setae absent. Mesothorax: prescutum (prsc) about 120 m long and 207 m wide; heavily sclerotised, with some nodulations. Scutum (sct): median membranous area (sma) large, about 115 m long and 180 m wide, with 2 – 4 pairs hs; lateral areas of scutum without setae, but area laterad to scutellum with polygonal reticulations. Scutellum (scl) 58 m long and 175 m wide; with a small foramen. Mesepisternum (eps 2) not reticulated but perhaps with some shallow nodulations. Basisternum (stn 2) large, about 199 m long and 270 m wide; with a strong median ridge (mdr) anteriorly which weakens somewhat at posterior end; bounded by strong marginal (mr) and precoxal ridges (pcr 2); without setae; lateropleurite (lpl) with a strong extension from marginal ridge; furca (f) extending anteriorly to about level with point where marginal ridge and precoxal ridges meet laterally. Mesothoracic spiracle (sp 2): width of peritreme 30 m; postmesospiracular setae absent. Postalare (pa) not reticulated or nodulated at anterior end; without postalare setae. Tegula (teg): quite large, each with 3 or 4 tegular setae (tegs). Subepisternal ridge (ser) well developed. Antemetaspiracular setae absent. Mesopostnotum (pn 2) with a few shallow ridges. Metathorax: metatergal setae absent or represented by a single hs laterally. Metapleural ridge (plr 3) well developed; small suspensorial sclerite present; episternum (eps 3) poorly developed, without postmetaspiracular setae; metepimeron (epm 3) well developed and sclerotised, without setae. Metathoracic spiracle (sp 3): width of peritreme 30 m. Dorsospiracular setae absent. Metasternum (stn 3) unsclerotised and not reticulated. Anterior metasternal and posterior metasternal setae absent. Wings: hyaline; of moderate length and width, about 1300 m long and 550 m wide (ratio of length to width 1: 0.42). Hamulohalteres (h) present, each about 90 m long and 22 m wide; hamuli each about 40 m long and hooked. Legs: long and hairy; anterior legs longest. Coxae (cx): length (m): I: 115, II: 107 – 110, III: 111 – 114; coxal setae mainly fs and abundant; without coxal bristles. Trochanter + femur poorly separated; length (m): I: 294 – 300; II: 290 – 295, III: 285 – 290; each trochanter (tr) with 2 oval campaniform sensilla on each side; each with 7 fs + 4 hs; longer trochanter seta undifferentiated, seta in this position about 36 m long; each femur with perhaps 35 fs and 18 hs. Tibia (ti) long: length (m) I: 355 – 365; II: 295 – 305; III: 300 – 312; each with many setae, mainly fs but with some hs and with increasing numbers of spur­like setae on distal third; apical spur (tibs) quite short, about 28 m long. Tarsi (ta): lengths (m): I: 149 – 154; II: 165 – 170; III: 160 – 170; each with many setae, mainly fs and spur­like setae; tarsal campaniform pore absent; distal tarsal spur (tars) 28 m long; tarsal digitules (tdt) longer than claw. Claws (c) long and thin, of an unusual shape, with a strong projection basally; longer than width of tarsi; without a denticle; length 40 m; claw digitules (cdt) slightly longer than claw. Abdomen. Segments I – VII: tergites (at) absent; sternites (as) present on segments III – VII, those anteriorly poorly sclerotised, becoming more heavily sclerotised posteriorly. Caudal extension of segment VII small or absent, rounded and unsclerotised. Dorsal setae (ads) few, with 0 – 2 pairs of setae on each segment. Pleural setae: dorsal pleural setae (dps) on each side: I – IV: 0; V: 2 hs; VI: 4 hs; VII: 3 hs; ventral pleural setae (vps) on each side: segments I – IV: 0; V – VII: 1 hs. Ventral abdominal setae (avs): II: 0; III – VII: 2 or 3 pairs hs. Caudal extension on segment VII rounded. Segments VIII: tergite absent; sternite well sclerotised. Tergite with 2 ante­anal setae (aas); sternite without setae; caudal extension rounded; with 3 hs. Glandular pouches (gp) present, each with two setae (gls), 120 – 125 m long. Genital segment. Penial sheath (ps) quite stout and strong, narrowing slightly towards base and also gradually towards apex; about 1 / 5 th total body length (ratio of total body length to penial sheath length 1: 0.23); total length of penial sheath 293 m; 90 m wide at base; with strongly sclerotised margins. Basal rod (bra) apparently rather diffuse, part anterior to aedeagus about 40 m long; anterior end of basal rod not nearly reaching basal membranous area (bma) anteriorly; aedeagus (aed) rather broad, 165 m long and 18 m wide at tip; narrows slightly towards middle. Posterior half of penial sheath with 2 hs + about 7 pairs of minute setae (pss) along margins and with a cluster of small sensilla (psp) near apex.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF81FFA2FEA9FE02B0E0FA0E.taxon	discussion	Comment: relatively few adult male Coccidae have been described which have hamulohalteres. The adult male of F. pokfulamensis differs from all of them in the following combination of characters: (i) two pairs of exceptionally large simple eyes; (ii) no fleshy setae on body; (iii) gena polygonally reticulated throughout; (iv) post­tergite polygonally reticulated; (v) scutum laterad to scutellum reticulated; (vi) penial sheath quite short and stout; (vi) postocular ridge not nearly touching ocellus; (vii) ventral preocular ridge meeting medially; (viii) scutellum with a small foramen, and (ix) cranial apophysis trifurcated. Males of species in other genera currently included in the Paralecaniini have not been described.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	description	ADULT FEMALE (Fig. 8) (Described from 2 specimens in good condition, paratype split into dorsum and venter). As for generic diagnosis of adult female, with following additional details:	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	materials_examined	Mounted material: length 2.9 – 3.7 mm, width 1.3 – 1.8 mm. Anal cleft about 1 / 11 th totalbody length, set at a distinct angle to body. Dorsum: dermal areolations absent although areas of thinner derm present around each pore. Dorsal setae each about 2 µm long: slightly stouter setae along submargin probably restricted to between submarginal chambered ducts; absent on side away from chambered ducts; thinner setae sparsely distributed on more median areas of derm but perhaps most frequent submedially. Dorsal pores of three types: (i) small microductules, each about 2 µm wide: frequent wherever type (iii) absent, except in a longitudinal medial line and in some mediolateral areas; (ii) concave pores, significantly larger than microductule, each 4 – 5 m wide, with a well developed inner ductule: present more or less throughout but most abundant submedially and submarginally, and (iii) preopercular pores small and sclerotised, each about 3 – 4 µm wide: fairly abundant in two broad bands extending anteriorly from anal plates onto head but not reaching submargin laterally. Submarginal chambered ducts: each large duct about 65 – 72 µm long and 10 – 12 µm wide, with 8 – 13 satellite, funnel­shaped pores in an inverted U around outer end of duct, plus 1 – 5 short, stout setae, similar to submarginal dorsal setae; on curved margin with 6 between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 3 or 4 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 11 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; straighter margin with 1 or 2 at anterior end and 4 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 154 – 158 µm long, combined widths 120 µm; each with four strong setae: anterior inner margin setae 34 – 43 m, posterior inner margin setae 49 – 55 µm long, apical setae 58 – 60 µm long, and outer margin seta 34 – 43 µm long. Anogenital fold with 4 setae along lateral margins, longest 63 – 66 m; anal ring with 6 setae, longest perhaps 245 – 250 µm long.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	description	Margin: marginal setae each 25 – 35 µm long; with, on curved margin, 90 – 95 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 53 – 55 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 155 – 160 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on straighter side: 98 – 104 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 58 – 60 between clefts laterally, and 177 – 196 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts each with 2 short setae, each 8 – 16 (mainly 8 – 12) m long; clefts otherwise as per diagnosis. Ven te r: preanal disc­pores scarce, with totals of about 13 – 17 on segment VII, 5 or 6 on VI, 6 or 7 on V and 5 on IV. Spiracular disc­pores: with about 22 – 38 in each band on curved side and 8 – 10 on short side; rarely with 1 mesad to peritreme. Ventral microducts sparse, most frequent submarginally. Ventral setae: with a single pair of long setae on segment VII, each 100 – 125 m long, otherwise with bands of 2 – 10 setae across abdominal segments II – VII, those on anterior segments longest, each 16 – 35 µm (posterior setae each 10 – 16 m); also with a band of 5 – 7 anal cleft setae along each submargin at anterior end of anal cleft; with 3 or 4 pairs short setae + 1 pair of long interantennal setae near each scape + 1 or 2 medially. Antennae 6 segmented but segment III with 2 pseudosegments; each antenna 285 – 295 µm long; setae as in diagnosis; terminal stiff seta 28 – 33 µm; longest hair – like seta 75 – 80 µm. Mouthparts: clypeolabral shield 130 – 140 µm. Spiracles: width of peritremes: anterior 33 – 35 µm wide, posterior 40 – 45 µm. Legs; length of metathoracic leg (µm): coxa 168 – 185; trochanter + femur 240; tibia + tarsus 188 – 230; claw 26 – 30; segmentation between tibia and tarsus distinct, with a small tibio­tarsal articulatory sclerosis; setal distribution: coxa 5 – 7; trochanter 3; femur 3 or 4; tibia 4 – 7; tarsus 4 or 5.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	discussion	Comment. Adult female F. intsiae are easily separable from those of F. pokfulamensis in the following characters (characters states for F. pokfulamensis in brackets): possessing small stigmatic spines (absent); legs well­developed, each with a small articulatory sclerosis between tibia and tarsus (legs much reduced, with little or no indication of segmentation between tibia and tarsus).	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	description	As for generic diagnosis for adult female, with the following additional details:	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	materials_examined	Mounted material: as for adult female; length 1.6 – 2.1 mm, width 0.7 – 0.94 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1 / 15 th total­body length. Dorsum: dorsal setae each about 2 – 3 m long, basal socket width subequal to length of setae: rather stouter setae in a sparse submarginal band, generally with 1 or 2 between each pair of submarginal chambered ducts; perhaps entirely absent from submargin without chambered ducts; thinner setae fairly frequent in two submedial lines, plus a few others scattered elsewhere. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules, each slightly oval, heavily sclerotised and about 2 – 3 m wide: most abundant submarginally but frequent throughout, and (ii) larger concave pores, each about 3 – 5 m wide, with short, broad inner ductules: most abundant submarginally and in 2 submedial lines but frequent throughout, possibly in a reticulate pattern; preopercular pores absent. Submarginal chambered ducts: each large duct about 55 – 60 m long and 7 – 8 m wide; chambered duct opening on dorsum similar to that on adult female, each with 1 – 3 setae and a total of 7 – 10 satellite pores; mainly restricted to one margin, where 4 present between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 2 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 5 or 6 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; other margin with 2 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 100 m long, combined widths 80 – 85 m; length of setae (m): anterior inner margin setae 25 – 30, posterior inner margin setae 25 – 34, apical seta 33 – 35 and outer margin seta about 25 – 30. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female, anal ring with 6 setae, 2 longer pairs each about 145 – 155 m long, other 2 setae much shorter. Eyespots not detected.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	description	Margin: marginal setae each 15 – 20 m long; with, on margin with chambered ducts: 60 – 64 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 29 – 33 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 88 – 94 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on margin without ducts: 51 – 57 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 29 – 32 between clefts laterally, and 114 or 115 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts each with 2 short stigmatic spines, as on adult female. Ven te r: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores each with mainly 5 outer loculi (range 2 – 5) plus a distinct small inner loculus: few, in quite broad bands between spiracle and margin, with 6 or 7 (0 on 1 specimen) in each anterior band and 3 – 6 in each posterior band; with none mesad to each peritreme. Ventral microducts sparse more or less throughout, most abundant in a submarginal ring. Ventral setae: abdominal segments II – VI with 1 – 6 setae medially and 1 seta submedially on each side; segment VII with 1 pair of long setae (each about 63 – 66 m long) medially + 1 short seta on either side of anal cleft. Antennae 6 segmented; each antenna 175 – 185 m long; setal distribution as on adult female; terminal stiff seta 23 – 26 m; longest hair­like seta 40 – 57 m. Mouthparts clearly slightly displaced to one side but normally developed; clypeolabral shield 105 – 120 m long; labium twisted through 90 ° and pointing laterally; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 20 – 25 m wide. Legs normal in size: length of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 110 – 122; trochanter + femur 145 – 150; tibia 67 – 72, tarsus 75 – 78 (tibio­tarsal segmentation distinct); claw 17 – 20; setal distribution: coxa 5; trochanter 2; femur 1 or 2; tibia 2 or 3; tarsus 4. Claw normal, with a distinct denticle; claw digitules subequal in size.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	discussion	Comment. Third­instar female F. intsiae can quickly be separated from those of F. pokfulamensis in having: (i) stigmatic spines; (ii) well­developed legs, and (iii) many fewer submarginal chambered ducts (total 12 or 13 as against about 21 on F. pokfulamensis). In addition, each submarginal chambered duct has many fewer setae (1 – 3 as against 1 – 7 (mostly 4 +) on F. pokfulamensis). 2 ND­INSTAR FEMALE (Fig. 10) (Described from 5 specimens in fair to good condition). As for generic diagnosis of adult female, with the following additional details:	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	materials_examined	Mounted material: length 1.0 – 1.55 mm, width 0.47 – 0.78 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1 / 15 th total­body length. Dorsum: derm without areolations. Dorsal setae extremely short, each about 2 – 2.5 m long: rather scarce, mainly in two submedial lines of about 9 + setae between anal plates and head but also with 2 or 3 more laterally; absent submarginally between submarginal chambered ducts. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules each about 1.5 – 2 m wide: most abundant submarginally but generally scarce, and (ii) larger concave pore, each about 3 – 4 m wide: frequent in a submarginal and a two submedial bands; preopercular pores absent. Submarginal chambered ducts: each large duct about 45 – 55 m long and 7 – 8 m wide; duct opening similar to that on adult female but with only 1 or 2 setae and 5 – 7 satellite pores; distribution: almost restricted to one margin, where 1 or 2 between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 1 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 4 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; other margin with 1 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 58 – 63 m long, combined widths about 60 m; length of setae (m) anterior inner margin seta 16 – 20, posterior inner margin seta about 20 – 22, apical seta 23 – 27 and outer margin seta about 21 – 23. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female; anal ring with 3 pairs of setae, 2 pairs long (each 90 – 100 m long) and 1 pair rather shorter. Eyespot not detected.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	description	Margin: marginal setae each 10 – 17 m long; distribution: margin with chambered ducts with 34 – 36 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 17 – 19 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 56 or 57 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; margin without ducts with 36 – 40 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 14 – 19 between clefts laterally, and 58 – 64 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts as on adult female. Ven te r: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with mainly 5 outer loculi (range 3 – 5); inner loculus small or absent: few, in narrow bands between spiracle and margin, with 2 – 5 in each anterior band and 3 or 4 in each posterior band; with none extending medially around each spiracle. Ventral microducts very sparse, mainly submarginal. Ventral setae: with 2 – 4 small seta submedially on abdominal segments III – VI, plus a pair of longer setae on segment VII, each 35 – 40 m long, and 0 or 1 small setae on each side of anal opening. Antennae 6 segmented; each antenna 130 – 140 m long; setal distribution as on adult female; terminal stiff seta 19 – 23 m; longest hair­like seta 43 – 45 m. Mouthparts slightly displaced to one side but normally developed; clypeolabral shield 94 – 97 m long; labium twisted through 90 × and pointing laterally; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 13 – 17 m wide. Legs normal in size; length of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 70 – 80; trochanter + femur 85 – 95; tibia 44 – 52; tarsus 50 – 53 (some tarsi possibly malformed); claw 15 – 17; setal distribution: coxa 5; trochanter 2; femur 2; tibia 2 or 3; tarsus 3 or 4. Claw as on adult female.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	discussion	Comment. Second­instar female F. intsiae can quickly be separated from those of F. pokfulamensis in having: (i) stigmatic spines; (ii) well­developed legs, and (iii) many fewer submarginal chambered ducts (total 6 or 7 as against 12 on F. pokfulamensis).	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	materials_examined	Mounted material: body rounded at both ends, showing only slight signs of asymmetry; length 0.85 – 1.15 mm, width 0.42 – 0.58 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1 / 14 th length of body. Dorsum: derm membranous. Dorsal setae extremely short, each about 2 m long, subequal or marginally longer than width of basal socket: scarce, possibly restricted to a pair submedially on each thoracic segment. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules each about 2 m wide: probably restricted to 3 pairs submedially on abdomen, approximately on segments 2, 4 and 5, and (ii) a pair of slightly larger pores, structure unclear but possibly trilocular, each about 4 m wide, near anterior margin of head. Submarginal " chambered " ducts unlike those on older instars, each membranous with a lightly sclerotised dermal pore and a more heavily sclerotised inner end; each " duct " about 6 – 7 m long, with a shorter thin inner ductule about 3 m long; duct opening on dorsum simple, without either setae or satellite pores, and without oval thickening on inner margins (as on F. pokfulamensis); ducts similarly distributed on both sides as follows (on each side): 4 between stigmatic clefts anteriorly; 1 between stigmatic clefts laterally; 1 opposite posterior stigmatic cleft, and 4 between posterior stigmatic clefts and anal cleft; each duct surrounded by an oval area of less sclerotised derm. Anal plates each 42 – 44 m long, combined widths about 43 m; each with four setae, length of setae (m): anterior and posterior inner margin setae and outer margin setae all about 11 – 14, apical seta 170 – 175. Anogenital fold with 1 long and perhaps 1 short seta on each side, longest seta about 20 m long; anal ring with 6 setae, each perhaps about 50 m long.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	description	Margin: marginal setae each 13 – 18 m long, with 8 anteriorly between eyespots, 6 or 7 on each side between eyespots and anterior stigmatic cleft; 3 – 5 on each side between stigmatic clefts laterally and 13 – 15 on each side between posterior stigmatic clefts and anal cleft (with a slight tendency for fewer setae on straighter margin). Stigmatic clefts distinct, each U­shaped with a sclerotised margin, with 2 setae on dorsal margin, each 10 – 13 m long. Anal cleft with some light sclerotisation along margins on one specimen. Eyespots on margin. Ven te r: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with 2 – 5 loculi, possibly without an inner loculus: few, in a line between spiracle and margin, with 2 or 3 in each anterior band and 3 or 4 in each posterior band; with none mesad to each peritreme. Ventral microducts not detected. Ventral setae: sparse; with 2 bands of small setae (possibly segmentally arranged) submarginally on abdominal segments; longer preanal setae on segment VII each 30 – 37 m long; with a single submarginal seta laterally between stigmatic clefts; with a single pair of interantennal setae, each about 35 m long. Antennae 6 segmented; each antenna 157 – 165 m long; setal distribution as on adult female, but flagellate seta on segment V long ­ up to about 60 m; terminal stiff seta about 30 m; longest hair­like seta about 85 m long. Clypeolabral shield not displaced to one side, 70 m long; labium twisted through 90 ° on both specimens; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 7 – 12 m wide. Legs relatively well developed; length of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 43 – 48; trochanter + femur 64 – 66; tibia 42; tarsus 33; claw 13 – 15; setal distribution: coxa 5; trochanter 2; femur 2; tibia 2 or 3; tarsus 5; length of long coxal setae 33 m; length of long trochanter setae 30 – 32 m. Tarsal digitules on meso­ and meta­thoracic legs staggered, dissimilar, one much longer and stouter than other, shorter digitule with a smaller apical knob; digitules on prothoracic leg also dissimilar, with one large digitule plus a short setose digitule (not discernable on some legs). Claw digitules dissimilar, one stouter than other, both longer than claw. Claw long and narrow, with a distinct denticle.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	discussion	Comment. This instar differs from the 1 st­instar of F. pokfulamensis in several important respects. F. intsiae has two stigmatic spines (absent on F. pokfulamensis); a different arrangement of dorsal tubular (chambered) ducts, with each duct of slightly different in structure from those on F. pokfulamensis; and fewer marginal setae (a total of 26 – 31 on F. intsiae, 44 – 50 on F. pokfulamensis). Although only 2 specimens were available for study, it was clear that the arrangement of the setae on the metatibia were different on the two specimens. Perhaps this is a sexually dimorphic character? As far as the authors are aware, dorsal ducts of any sort have not been recorded on 1 st­instar nymphs previously. The crawlers of Fistulococcus species are otherwise fairly typical 1 st­instar Coccidae.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	description	As for generic diagnosis for adult female, with the following additional details:	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	materials_examined	Mounted material: length 1.0 – 1.95 mm, width 0.48 – 0.8 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1 / 15 th total­body length. Dorsum: derm without areolations. Dorsal setae each about 2 m long, subequal to width of socket; absent submarginally on both margins; possibly restricted to 2 submedial lines, each with about 12 setae. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules each about 2 m wide: frequent throughout, and (ii) larger concave pore, each about 4 – 5 m wide: frequent throughout. Dorsal tubular ducts present in a distinct pattern, each duct quite long (marginal ducts: outer ductule about 20 m, inner ductule 11 – 13 m; more medial ducts: outer ductule about 14 m, inner ductule 7 – 9 m), with a large terminal gland: present in a submarginal ring except for about posterior 1 / 8 – 1 / 10 of abdomen (total around margin about 46 – 60), also in two elongate rows submedially extending from just anterior to anal plates to about dorsad to antennae (total about 25 – 36); also in 4 pairs of radial lines, one pair on head, two between stigmatic clefts on thorax and another about 2 / 3 down abdomen, each transverse band with 3 – 5 ducts; with a small group of about 4 ducts in submedian group where posterior radial band meets medial bands. Submarginal chambered ducts: each duct about 53 – 58 m long, 7 – 8 m wide; duct opening similar to that on adult female, each with 1 or 2 setae and 8 – 12 satellite pores; distribution: margin away from leaf vein with 3 ducts between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 1 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 6 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; other margin with 1 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 65 – 68 m long, combined widths 55 – 58 m; length of setae (m): anterior inner margin setae 18 – 22, posterior inner margin setae 25 – 30, apical seta 30 – 36 and outer margin seta each 25 – 30. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female; longest 4 setae on anal ring each about 100 – 105 m long, other 2 setae much shorter. Eyespot not detected.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	description	Margin: marginal setae each 15 – 20 m long; with, on margin away from leaf vein, 58 – 61 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 25 – 28 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 75 – 92 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on margin against leaf vein: 44 – 55 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 23 – 26 between clefts laterally, and 87 – 97 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts as on adult female, each with two short stigmatic spines, 6 – 12 m long. Ven te r: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with mainly 5 outer loculi (range 2 – 6) and a distinct small inner loculus: few, with 3 – 6 in each anterior band and 4 or 5 in each posterior band; with none extending medially around each spiracle. Ventral microducts very sparsely distributed, mainly submarginal and on head. Ventral setae: with 2 – 6 small setae submedially on abdominal segments II – VI, plus 1 pair of longer setae on segment VII, each 50 – 60 m long. Antennae 6 segmented but segment III with an obscure pseudosegment; each antenna 149 – 155 m long; setal distribution as on adult female; terminal stiff seta 20 – 24 m; longest hair­like seta 45 – 60 m long. Mouthparts displaced to one side but normally developed; clypeolabral shield 100 – 105 m long; labium twisted through 90 ° and pointing laterally; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 15 – 19 m wide. Legs normal in size; length of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 78 – 87; trochanter + femur 104 – 110; tibia 50 – 55, tarsus 50 – 60; claw 14 – 17; setal distribution: coxa 5; trochanter 2; femur 2; tibia 3; tarsus 3 or 4. Claw similar to that on adult female; claw digitules subequal in size.	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	discussion	Comment. Second­instar male F. intsiae are easily separated from those of F. pokfulamensis in having: (i) stigmatic spines, and (ii) well­developed legs. In addition, each submarginal chambered duct has many fewer setae (1 – 2 as against 3 – 9 on F. pokfulamensis). The distribution of the tubular ducts on the dorsum is similar to that on Marsipococcus marsupialis (Green) (Miller & Williams, 1997), also included by Hodgson (1994) in the Paralecaniini. The two small groups of tubular ducts at the median end of each posterior radial band of ducts probably secrete the " hinges " which allow the posterior part of the glassy test to open, so that the male can emerge, as suggested for other similar tests on New Zealand Coccidae by Henderson & Rhode (2001).	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
038A87DFFF9DFF92FEA9FDCAB668FE16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: HOLOTYPE adult female: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Province coast, Lasanga Island, nr. Buso (7 ° 25´S, 147 ° 15´E), on Intsia bijuga (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae), 7. xi. 1979, J. H. Martin # 2818 (BMNH) (on slide with 1 third­instar female and 3 second­instar males). PARATYPES: data as for holotype, 6 slides (including slide with holotype) with the following: 1 adult female, 4 third­instar females, 5 secondinstar females, 11 second­instar males, 2 first­instar nymphs (BMNH).	en	Hodgson, Chris J., Martin, And Jon H. (2005): Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa 1075: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170318
