identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038B87AEFFB2FFD8FF11A24CFFB34580.text	038B87AEFFB2FFD8FF11A24CFFB34580.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionospio Malmgren 1867	<div><p>Prionospio Malmgren, 1867</p><p>Type species: Prionospio steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87AEFFB2FFD8FF11A24CFFB34580	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Delgado-Blas, Víctor Hugo;Peraza, Russell Giovanni Uc	Delgado-Blas, Víctor Hugo, Peraza, Russell Giovanni Uc (2024): Two new species of Prionospio (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Northwest and Northeast Atlantic. Zootaxa 5432 (1): 69-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5432.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.1.5
038B87AEFFB2FFDCFF11A2E0F9304719.text	038B87AEFFB2FFDCFF11A2E0F9304719.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionospio gayheadia Delgado-Blas & Peraza 2024	<div><p>Prionospio gayheadia sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 2A–Q; 3A–D</p><p>Prionospio (Prionospio) dubia Maciolek, 1985: 336-339, figs. 2, 3 (in part, Western North Atlantic Ocean specimens).</p><p>Material examined: WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN. Off New England, south of Gay Head, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.030167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.7/lat 40.030167)">Martha’s Vineyard</a>, “Gay Head-Bermuda Transect”, coll. H. L. Sanders, 28 August 1962, Atlantis cruise 283, WH0I, Sta. Slope 3, 39°58.9’N, 70°40.3’W, 300 m, anchor dredge, holotype (LACM-AHF-Poly 14388) ; WH0I, Sta Slope. 3, 39°58.9’N, 70°40.3’W, 300 m, coll. H. L. Sanders, 28 August 1962, 222 paratypes (LACM-AHF- Poly 6272) . 28 August 1962, WH0I, Sta. Slope 2, 40º01.81’N, 70º42’W, 200 m, 2 specimens (LACM-AHF Poly 6273) .</p><p>Description. Holotype complete: 34.5 mm long for 96 chaetigers, 0.4 mm wide. Complete paratypes: 18–23 mm long for 76–94 chaetigers, 0.3–0.5 mm wide. Incomplete paratypes: 2–12 mm long for 15–63 chaetigers, 0.3–0.4 mm wide. Smaller specimens: 7.5–13 mm long for 53–61 chaetigers, 0.25–0.3 mm wide. Color in alcohol, brown. The numbers in parentheses refers to the variation in the largest and smallest paratypes. Some specimens with oocytes in chaetigers 17–78 (holotype, 22–76). Prostomium flask-shaped, anteriorly narrow, truncate, widening in the mid-region, posteriorly tapered, with a long, narrow caruncle extending to the anterior edge of chaetiger 2 (Figs 2A, B, 3A, B), and with large nuchal organs on either side (Fig. 2A). Eyes absent. Palps lost. Peristomium short, collar-like, surrounding prostomium, fused dorsally with large, rounded notopodial lamellae of chaetiger 1 (Figs 2A, B, 3A–C). Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae on chaetiger 1 very short, rounded (Figs 2A, B, 3B–D), much smaller than 1/5 of the size of the notopodial lamellae.</p><p>Four pairs of branchiae present on chaetigers 2–5, first pair longest and thickest, up to six times longer than the fourth pair (Fig. 2B); and extending up to chaetiger 6, fourth pair longer than notopodial lamellae (Fig. 2A, B). Both first and fourth pairs with very long, thick, dense digitiform pinnules, pair 1 with pinnules present from the base of the branchiae and extending up to 2/3 along the posterior face (Figs 2A, B, 3D), and pair 4 with fewer pinnules, arranged along the outer lateral margin; branchiae with long, naked, smooth distal tips (Figs 2A, B, 3D). Axes of branchial pairs 1 and 4 pinnate, elongate; pair 1 with articulations, pair 4 smoother (less articulated). Branchial pairs 2 and 3 apinnate, subtriangular, wide, thick, heavily ciliated laterally, with sharply pointed short tips; and shorter than fourth pair. (Figs 2C, D, 3D); subequal in length, smaller than the notopodial lamellae (Figs 2C, D, 3B).</p><p>Notopodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetigers 2–5 triangular, slender with sharply pointed long tips, and with wide, rounded bases (Figs 2C, D, 3A); lamellae of chaetiger 2 with dorsal edges touching between them (when branchiae lost or removed); lamellae longest on chaetigers 3–4, noticeably shorter on chaetigers 5 and 6 (Fig. 3A), thereafter gradually decreasing in size; notopodial lamellae on chaetigers 6–10 subtriangular with short, blunt tips (Fig. 3B); notopodial lamellae on chaetigers 11–13 square (Fig. 2F); notopodial lamellae on chaetigers 14–20 rounded, wider and smaller than those on previous chaetigers (Figs 2G, 3D), extending slightly onto dorsum from chaetigers 21–32 (holotype 26) (Fig. 2H), but never connected along the dorsal ridge or crest; subsequent notopodial lamellae rounded, small on far posterior chaetigers and with the chaetal row located in the ventral region of the noto-lamella (Fig. 2H). Notopodial prechaetal lamellae very low, rudimentary throughout. No dorsolateral skin folds.</p><p>Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetiger 2 oval, each with a rounded ventral lobe and slightly elongated dorsal edge (Fig. 2E); lamellae of chaetigers 3–4 oval (Figs 2C, D, 3B–C); subsequent neuropodial lamellae rounded (Figs 2G, 3B, C), smallest on far posterior chaetigers (Fig. 2H). Neuropodial prechaetal lamellae very low (Figs 1, 2B), rudimentary throughout. Inter-parapodial pouches lacking.</p><p>Chaetiger 1 with short, alimbate and moderately granulated capillary chaetae, arranged in one row in both tiers (Fig. 3B–D); notopodial capillaries unilimbate with very long tips of chaetigers 2–12/14 (holotype, 2–12) arranged in three rows (Fig. 3B); chaetae moderately granulated on posterior rows (Fig. 2I), and smooth on anterior row (Fig. 2J); both notopodial chaetae and neuropodial chaetae longest on the most posterior row, but with the latter being shorter than the former (Fig. 2K, L); neuropodial chaetae arranged in two rows (Fig. 3B). Chaetae on middle chaetigers with notopodial and neuropodial capillaries striated, lightly granulated and narrowly sheathed (Fig. 2M). Middle notopodial capillaries very long (up to 70 um), so long (up to 70 um) that they can be coiled, and up to five times longer than the neuropodial capillaries (Fig. 2M). Posterior chaetiger with slender alimbate, smooth capillaries. Sabre chaetae from chaetigers 15–18 (holotype, 16) (smaller specimens, 15–17), numbering one or two per neuropodium, each chaeta heavily granulated, with a very narrow sheath (Fig. 2P). Neuropodial hooded hooks (Fig. 2N) from chaetigers 19–20 (holotype, 22) (smaller specimens, 17–18), up to 11 per fascicle, accompanied by slender capillaries. Notopodial hooded hooks (Fig. 2O) from chaetigers 70–76 (holotype, 70) (smaller specimens, 56–59), up to three per fascicle, accompanied by four or five capillaries; all hooks with four pairs of teeth above the main tooth, secondary hood absent (Fig. 2N, O).</p><p>Pygidium with a very long, thick mid-dorsal cirrus and two short lateral lobes (Fig. 2Q).</p><p>Methyl green staining pattern. Dorsal surfaces of the prostomium, lateral peristomium and the first four notopodial and neuropodial lamellae intensely stained; staining discrete in the following segments; dorsal and ventral surfaces intensely stained from around chaetiger 10 up to the middle chaetigers; rest of the body unstained.</p><p>Remarks. Prionospio gayheadia sp. nov. is very similar to P. dubia Day, 1961, P. jonatani Delgado-Blas, 2015 and P. multisetosa sp. nov. P. gayheadia sp. nov. is similar to P. dubia Day, 1961, due to the absence of a dorsal crest or ridges, anterior notopodial prechaetal lamellae very low, and the absence of secondary hoods on the hooded hooks. However, Prionospio gayheadia sp. nov. can be distinguished from the original description of P. dubia Day, 1961 and the redescriptions of P. dubia given by Wilson (1990), in that the former has a flask-shaped prostomium and anteriorly truncate, whereas in P. dubia the prostomium is triangular, anteriorly rounded; P. gayheadia has no eyes in any of the specimens examined independent of their size; the first pair of branchiae shorter and with very long, naked, smooth distal tips; the fourth pair of branchiae with a few pinnules on the outer lateral margin; the apinnate branchial pairs 2 and 3 are shorter than the notopodial lamellae; the notopodial lamellae extend slightly onto the dorsum; and smooth chaetae on the anterior rows of the anterior notopodial and neuropodial chaetigers. In addition, the point at which the sabre chaetae, and the notopodial and neuropodial hooded hooks start from differs: in P. gayheadia sp. nov. the sabre chaetae are present from chaetigers 15–18 (smaller specimens, 15–17) vs. 17–20 (Wilson 1990) and 18–20 (South African specimens, Sigvaldadóttir &amp; Mackie, 1993); the neuropodial hooded hooks are present from chaetigers 19–22 (smaller specimens, 17–18) vs. 18–19 (Wilson 1990) and 18–20 (South African specimens; Sigvaldadóttir &amp; Mackie, 1993); and the notopodial hooded hooks are present from chaetigers 70–76 (smaller specimens, 56–59) vs. 46–50 (Wilson 1990) and 48 (South African specimens; Sigvaldadóttir &amp; Mackie, 1993); and finally, P. gayheadia sp. nov. has four pairs of accessory teeth on the hooded hooks vs. three to four pairs (Wilson 1990).</p><p>In addition, Prionospio gayheadia sp. nov. shows some morphological similarities with P. jonatani Delgado-Blas, 2015, in that neither species have any eyes, first pair of branchiae of equal size, the branchiae pinnate with very long, naked distal tips, the fourth pinnate branchial pair is longer than the apinnate pairs, 2 and 3, the number of rows of the chaetae in the anterior region is the same, and the hooded hooks have the same number of accessory teeth. However, P. gayheadia sp. nov. can be distinguished from the original description of P. jonatani, in that the former species is larger in size; the prostomium is anteriorly truncate and flask-shaped, whereas in P. jonatani the prostomium is anteriorly rounded and skittle-shaped; furthermore, in P. gayheadia sp. nov. the notopodial prechaetal lamellae are not basally fused with the notopodial postchaetal lamellae in the branchial region; in P. gayheadia sp. nov. the notopodial lamellae extend slightly onto the dorsum on chaetigers 21–32, whereas in P. jonatani the notopodial lamellae do not extend onto the dorsum. In addition, P. gayheadia sp. nov. the neuropodial postchaetal lamellae are oval on chaetigers 2–5, whereas in P. jonatani the lamellae are square. The shape of anterior chaetae and sabre chaetae also differ between the two species: in P. gayheadia sp. nov. the chaetae are smooth on the anterior row of the anterior notopodial and neuropodial chaetigers, and the sabre chaetae are heavily granulated and have very narrow sheaths, whereas in P. jonatani the sabre chaetae are moderately granulated and alimbate.</p><p>Prionospio gayheadia sp. nov. also shows some morphological similarities with P. multisetosa sp. nov. in that eyes are absent in both species; the fourth pinnate branchial pair is longer than the second and third apinnate pairs; the notopodial lamellae extend slightly onto the dorsum of the middle chaetigers; and the neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetigers 4 and 5 are oval and rounded, respectively. However, P. gayheadia sp. nov. differs from P. multisetosa sp. nov. in that the former species is smaller in size, the prostomium is flask-shaped and anteriorly truncate, whereas in P. multisetosa sp. nov. the prostomium is skittle-shaped and anteriorly rounded. Furthermore, in P. gayheadia sp. nov. the first branchial pair is longer, with the distal tips are long, naked and smooth. In P. gayheadia sp. nov. the apinnate branchial pairs, 2 and 3, are shorter than the notopodial lamellae. In P. gayheadia sp. nov. the postbranchial notopodial prechaetal lamellae are very low, whereas in P. multisetosa sp. nov. the notopodial prechaetal lamellae are well-developed on chaetigers 13–33. In P. gayheadia sp. nov. the first neuropodial lamellae are very short, rounded and much smaller than 1/5 of the size of the notopodial lamellae, and the neuropodial lamellae of chaetiger 3 are oval, whereas in P. multisetosa sp. nov. the first neuropodial lamellae are large, tongue-shaped, and only slightly smaller than the notopodial lamellae, and the neuropodial lamellae of chaetiger 3 are subtriangular with blunt dorsal edges, to oval. In addition, P. gayheadia sp. nov. has notopodial chaetae from chaetiger 2 onwards, arranged in three rows, with moderately granulated chaetae on the posterior rows, and smooth chaetae on the anterior row, whereas in P. multisetosa sp. nov. although the notopodial chaetae also start on chaetiger 2, they are arranged in four rows, and all the chaetae are heavily granulated. The shape of the sabre chaetae, the chaetigers from which they start, and the number of teeth on the hooded hooks also differ between the two species: in P. gayheadia sp. nov. the sabre chaetae have very narrow sheaths and are present from chaetigers 15–18, the hooded hooks have four pairs of accessory teeth, and the notopodial hooded hooks are present from chaetigers 56–76; whereas in P. multisetosa sp. nov. the sabre chaetae are alimbate and are present from chaetigers 19–24, the hooded hooks have three pairs of accessory teeth, and the notopodial hooded hooks are present from chaetigers 46–55.</p><p>The differences between this new species from other, very similar, species are given in the key provided and Table 1.</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the beginning of the transect between Gay Head, Massachusetts, and the islands of Bermuda, where the benthic samples were collected.</p><p>Type locality. New England, off the coast of Massachusetts, USA, 200–300 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87AEFFB2FFDCFF11A2E0F9304719	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Delgado-Blas, Víctor Hugo;Peraza, Russell Giovanni Uc	Delgado-Blas, Víctor Hugo, Peraza, Russell Giovanni Uc (2024): Two new species of Prionospio (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Northwest and Northeast Atlantic. Zootaxa 5432 (1): 69-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5432.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.1.5
038B87AEFFB6FFD0FF11A09BFE4841DD.text	038B87AEFFB6FFD0FF11A09BFE4841DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionospio multisetosa Delgado-Blas & Peraza 2024	<div><p>Prionospio multisetosa sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 4A–T; 5A–B</p><p>Prionospio (Prionospio) dubia .— Maciolek, 1985: 336-339, figs. 2, 3 (in part, Sweden).</p><p>Prionospio dubia .— Sigvaldadóttir and Mackie, 1993: 211-215, figs. 6-8 (in part, Sweden, Scotland).</p><p>Material examined: NORTH ATLANTIC, North Sea, Sweden, Västra Götaland County, Skagerrak, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.892" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.064/lat 58.892)">Kosterfjord Kilesand</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.892" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.064/lat 58.892)">Sydkoster</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.892" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.064/lat 58.892)">East Sneholmer</a>, 58.892ºN, 11.064ºE, 80–120 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.892" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.064/lat 58.892)">Warenslade</a>, R/V NEREUS, coll. Andens Waren, 12 February 1995, holotype (LACM-AHF POLY 14389) and 3 paratypes (LACM-AHF POLY 4433) . Sweden, North Sea, Västra Götaland County, Skagerrak, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.892" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.064/lat 58.892)">Kosterfjord</a>, South of Yttria Vatternholm Island, 58.871ºN, 11.105ºE to 58.869ºN, 11.109ºE, 110–113 m, silt and clay, biological dredge with fine mesh end, R/V NEREUS sta. LH-Tjarno 9, coll. Arne Nygren, Leslie H. Harris, 10 April 2002, LH02-250, non-type LACM-AHF Poly 4859, 7 specimens. Sweden, Västra Götaland County, Skagerrak, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=58.892" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.064/lat 58.892)">Kosterfjord</a>, Southwest of Yttre Vattenholmen island, 58.879ºN, 11.1ºE, 20–150 m, biological dredge with fine mesh end, R/V Nereus, 11 February 1995, coll. Arne Nygren, non-type LACM-AHF POLY 4432, 4 specimens.</p><p>Description: Holotype complete: 37 mm long with 98 chaetigers, 0.7 mm wide; paratype complete: 11 mm long, 60 chaetigers, 0.2 mm wide; incomplete paratypes: 6–13 mm, 26–37 chaetigers, 0.4–0.6 mm wide. Color in alcohol, light brown. The numbers in parentheses refers to the variation in the largest and smallest paratypes. Some specimens reproductive, with oocytes present on chaetigers 20–78 (holotype, 22–81). Prostomium skittle-shaped, anteriorly rounded, with short, blunt caruncle reaching to posterior edge of chaetiger 1, with large nuchal organs on either side (Figs 4A, 5A). Eyes absent. Palps lost, except in one specimen with the right palp inserted anterior to the nuchal organs; palp with a short basal sheath, and with a frontal longitudinal groove lined with fine cilia (Figs 4B, 5B). Peristomium long, collar-like surrounding the prostomium, fusing dorsally with the large, wide, erect, rounded notopodial lamellae of chaetiger 1 (Figs 4A, C, 5A). Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae on chaetiger 1 large, tongue-shaped with rounded edges, slightly smaller than the notopodial lamellae (Figs 4A, C, 5A).</p><p>Four pairs of branchiae present on chaetigers 2–5 (Figs 4A, C, 5A). First pair robust and fourth pair slender, both pairs with long digitiform pinnules and very short naked distal tips (Figs 4A, C, 5A, B). First pair of branchiae two to three times the length of the other pairs, with dense posterior pinnules (Figs 4A, C, 5A, B), extending up to chaetiger 5; fourth pair short with dense pinnules arranged along the outer lateral margin, not covering posterior faces (Figs 4A, C, 5A), slightly longer than the notopodial lamellae (Figs 4A, C, 5A). Central stem of branchial pairs 1 and 4 pinnate, elongate; pair 1 with articulations (Fig. 5A, B), pair 4 smoother (less articulated). Pairs 2 and 3 apinnate, subtriangular, thick (Figs 4A, C, 5A), with dense lateral ciliation and sharply pointed short tips (Figs 4D, 5A), subequal in length, slightly smaller than notopodial lamellae (Figs 4A, C, 5A).</p><p>Notopodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetigers 2–5 triangular, slender with pointed short tips, and with narrow, rounded bases (Figs 4F–H, 5A), except the lamella on chaetiger 2 which has a small subtriangular ventral edge (Fig. 4C, E); lamellae largest on chaetigers 3–5 (Figs 4A, C, 5A), then gradually decreasing in size and becoming rounded on chaetigers 14–15 (holotype, 14) (Figs 4A, 5A); lamellae thereafter rounded, wide, extending slightly onto dorsum from chaetigers 19–25 (holotype, 25) (Fig. 4J), but never connected along the dorsal ridge or crest; lamellae on following chaetigers similarly broadly rounded (Fig. 4L) and with the chaetal row located in the ventral region of the noto-lamella, decreasing in size in posteriormost segments. Anterior notopodial prechaetal lamellae very low (Figs 4C, 5B), lamellae becoming rounded, moderate in size on chaetigers 13–33 (holotype, 18–33) (Fig. 4A), then rudimentary throughout. No dorsolateral skin folds.</p><p>Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetiger 2 oval (Fig. 4C, E), lamellae of chaetiger 3 subtriangular with blunt dorsal edge to oval (Fig. 4F) (left or right parapodial lamellae sometimes rectangular) (Fig. 5B), lamellae of chaetiger 4 rounded (Figs 4C, 5B), and subsequent neuropodial lamellae also rounded (Figs 4 J-L, 5B), smallest on far posterior chaetigers. Neuropodial prechaetal lamellae very low (Fig. 4 E-H), rudimentary throughout. Interparapodial pouches lacking.</p><p>Anterior chaetigers with numerous thick (Fig. 5B) and very long chaetae with the appearance of brushes, later decreasing in number, becoming thin and even longer (Fig. 4L), easily broken on middle chaetigers. Notopodial and neuropodial capillaries smooth, alimbate, arranged in one row on chaetiger 1; from chaetiger 2 onwards all notochaetae long, heavily granulated, unilimbate (Fig. 4M), arranged in four rows (Fig. 4N); around chaetiger 14, granulation of capillaries diminishes, capillaries arranged in two rows. Middle and posterior capillaries smooth, long, and slender. Neuropodial chaetae on chaetigers 2–5 with smooth, unilimbate capillaries (Fig. 4O), arranged in two rows; from chaetiger 6 onwards neuropodial capillaries moderately granulated, alimbate and with long tips (Fig. 4P) on both rows. Neuropodial hooded hooks (Fig. 4Q) from chaetigers 19–22 (holotype, 22) (smaller specimen, 16), up to nine per fascicle, accompanied by slender capillaries. Notopodial hooded hooks (Fig. 4R) from chaetigers 50–55 (holotype, 55) (smaller specimen, 46), up to six per fascicle, accompanied by four or five capillaries; hooks with three pairs of teeth above the main tooth, secondary hood absent (Fig. 4Q, R). Sabre chaetae from chaetigers 19–24 (holotype, 21) (smaller specimen, 14), up to two per neuropodium, each chaeta heavily granulated, basally radial and alimbate (Fig. 4S).</p><p>Pygidium with very short slender mid-dorsal cirrus and two small lateral lobes (Fig. 4T).</p><p>Methyl green staining pattern. Dorsal and ventral surfaces of the anterior region of the prostomium and the tips of the anterior notopodial postchaetal lamellae stained, but staining quickly lost; rest of the body unstained.</p><p>Remarks. Prionospio multisetosa sp. nov. is very similar to P. dubia Day, 1961, P. jonatani Delgado-Blas, 2015, and Prionospio gayheadia sp. nov. Prionospio multisetosa sp. nov. is similar to P. dubia Day, 1961, as regards the first pair of branchiae with pinnules 4–5 times as long as notopodial lamellae, the first and fourth pairs pinnate branchiae with short naked distal tips. However, Prionospio multisetosa sp. nov. can be distinguished from the original description of P. dubia Day, 1961 and the redescriptions of P. dubia given by Wilson (1990), in that the former has no eyes, independent of the size of the animal; the first pair of branchiae are shorter, only extending up to chaetiger 5; whereas in P. dubia the first pair of branchiae extend up to chaetiger 7; in P. multisetosa sp. nov. the fourth pair of branchiae are slightly longer than, or equal to the notopodial lamellae; whereas in P. dubia the fourth pair of branchiae are 2/3 longer. In P. multisetosa sp. nov. the fourth pair of branchiae only have pinnules on the outer lateral margin of the branchial axis; the notopodial lamellae extend slightly onto the dorsum of chaetigers 14– 37; whereas in P. dubia the fourth pair of branchiae have many pinnules on posterior surfaces, and the notopodial lamellae do not extend onto the dorsum. In P. multisetosa sp. nov. the notopodial prechaetal lamellae are well-developed on or around chaetigers 13–33, whereas in P. dubia the lamellae are very low; in P. multisetosa sp. nov. the neuropodial postchaetal lamellae on chaetiger 3 are subtriangular with blunt dorsal edges, to oval, whereas in P. dubia are ovoid. In addition, the structure of the anterior chaetae show morphological differences, thus Prionospio multisetosa sp. nov. has neuropodial chaetae on chaetigers 2–5 that are smooth capillaries, whereas in P. dubia are granulated capillaries. The structure of the notopodial and neuropodial hooded hooks, and sabre chaetae also differs, as does when they first appear, and the range of chaetigers where they are present. Thus, in Prionospio multisetosa sp. nov. the notopodial and neuropodial hooded hooks have three accessory teeth and are present from chaetigers 50–55 (smaller specimen, 46) and 19–22 (smaller specimen, 16), respectively, whereas P. dubia has notopodial and neuropodial hooded hooks with three to four accessory teeth that are present from chaetigers 46–50, and 18– 19, respectively. The sabre chaetae of P. multisetosa sp. nov. are heavily granulated, basally radial, alimbate and present from chaetigers 19–24 (smaller specimen, 14), whereas in P. dubia, the sabre chaetae are granulated, slightly unilimbate, and present from chaetigers 17–20.</p><p>Prionospio multisetosa sp. nov. is morphologically similar to P. jonatani Delgado-Blas (2015) due to the shape of the prostomium, and that neither species have any eyes, the first pair of branchiae is 4–5 times as long as notopodial lamellae, the fourth branchial pair is pinnate and longer than the apinnate pairs 2–3, and the sabre chaetae are alimbate. However, Prionospio multisetosa sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. jonatani sp. nov. in that the former is larger in size; the first branchial pair is shorter; the first and fourth branchial pairs have many digitiform pinnules with short, naked distal tips; the notopodial prechaetal lamellae are not basally fused with the notopodial postchaetal lamellae in the branchial region. In P. multisetosa sp. nov. the notopodial prechaetal lamellae are well developed on chaetigers 13–33, whereas in P. jonatani the lamellae are very low; in P. multisetosa sp. nov. the neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetiger 1 are large, tongue-shaped, whereas in P. jonatani the lamellae are very short, rounded. In addition, the shapes of the neuropodial postchaetal lamellae differ between the species: in P. multisetosa sp. nov., the lamellae are oval on chaetigers 2, and subtriangular on chaetiger 3, whereas in P. jonatani the lamellae are square. The number of rows of capillaries, and capillary texture on the anterior notopodial chaetigers is also different: in P. multisetosa sp. nov. the chaetae are arranged in four rows of capillaries, whereas in P. jonatani they are arranged in three rows; both rows of neuropodial chaetae on chaetigers 1–5 are smooth in P. multisetosa sp. nov., while in P. jonatani they are heavily granulated. Differences between the species as regards when the sabre chaetae, notopodial and neuropodial hooded hooks first appear, the range over which they are present, and the number of accessory teeth on the hooded hooks were also recorded: in P. multisetosa sp. nov. the sabre chaetae are present from chaetigers 19–24 (smaller specimen, 14), and the notopodial and neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetigers 50–55 (smaller specimen, 46) and 19–22 (smaller specimen, 16), respectively, the hooks have three pairs of accessory teeth, while in P. jonatani the sabre chaetae are present from chaetigers 14–18, the notopodial and neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetigers 35–77 and 16–28, respectively, and the hooks have four pairs of accessory teeth.</p><p>The differences in the morphology of P. multisetosa sp. nov. and P. gayheadia sp. nov. are given in the remarks of P. gayheadia sp. nov. The differences between these new species and other morphologically similar species are provided in the key and in Table 1.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet multisetosa is composed of the prefix of Latin origin multi, meaning many, much or multiple, and the Latin adjective setosa, which refers to the large number of rows of chaetae the species possesses in the anterior notopodial chaetigers.</p><p>Type locality. Sweden, Skagerrak, Sydkoster, 20–150 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87AEFFB6FFD0FF11A09BFE4841DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Delgado-Blas, Víctor Hugo;Peraza, Russell Giovanni Uc	Delgado-Blas, Víctor Hugo, Peraza, Russell Giovanni Uc (2024): Two new species of Prionospio (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Northwest and Northeast Atlantic. Zootaxa 5432 (1): 69-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5432.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.1.5
038B87AEFFBAFFD0FF11A75FF89346E6.text	038B87AEFFBAFFD0FF11A75FF89346E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionospio dubia Day 1961	<div><p>Key to all similar species of P. dubia known worldwide</p><p>1 First pair of branchiae extending up to chaetigers 15–16; fourth branchial pair pinnate, shorter than the apinnate third pair................................................................................ P. anuncata Fauchald, 1972</p><p>- First pair of branchiae extending up to chaetigers 5–7; fourth branchial pair pinnate, equal to, or longer than the third apinnate pair................................................................................................. 2</p><p>2 Prostomium flask-shaped and anteriorly truncate; first pair of branchiae 3–4 times as long as the notopodial lamellae; middle chaetigers with very long notopodial capillaries, so long that they can appear coiled................. P. gayheadia sp. nov.</p><p>- Prostomium skittle-shaped and anteriorly rounded; first pair of branchiae 4–5 times as long as the notopodial lamellae; middle chaetigers with short or long notopodial capillaries, but never appear coiled....................................... 3</p><p>3 Eyes absent in specimens of all sizes; notopodial prechaetal lamellae well developed in branchial or postbranchial chaetigers.. 4</p><p>- Eyes present even if only in largest specimens; notopodial prechaetal lamellae low in branchial or postbranchial chaetigers... 5</p><p>4 Notopodial prechaetal lamellae slightly basally fused with the notopodial postchaetal lamellae in the branchial region; first pair of branchiae extending up to chaetiger 6 with a few pinnules along the outer lateral margin, and very long, naked distal tips; notopodial lamellae not extending slightly onto dorsum; neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetigers 2–5 square; sabre chaetae from chaetigers 14–18; hooded hooks with 4 pairs of teeth...................... P. jonatani Delgado-Blas, 2015</p><p>- Notopodial prechaetal lamellae not fused in the postbranchial region; first pair of branchiae extending up to chaetiger 5 with many pinnules along the outer lateral margin, and very short, naked distal tips; notopodial lamellae extending slightly onto dorsum; neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetiger 2 oval, chaetiger 3 subtriangular, chaetigers 4–5 rounded; sabre chaetae from chaetigers 19–24; hooded hooks with 3 pairs of teeth.................................... P. multisetosa sp. nov.</p><p>5 Sabre chaetae from chaetigers 12–14................................................... P. coorilla Wilson, 1990</p><p>- Sabre chaetae from chaetigers 15–20........................................................ P. dubia Day, 1961</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87AEFFBAFFD0FF11A75FF89346E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Delgado-Blas, Víctor Hugo;Peraza, Russell Giovanni Uc	Delgado-Blas, Víctor Hugo, Peraza, Russell Giovanni Uc (2024): Two new species of Prionospio (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Northwest and Northeast Atlantic. Zootaxa 5432 (1): 69-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5432.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.1.5
