identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038B87BAFFD8FFC1FC78F8D0FB0BF8CC.text	038B87BAFFD8FFC1FC78F8D0FB0BF8CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lymnaeinae Rafinesque 1815	<div><p>Subfamily Lymnaeinae Rafinesque, 1815</p><p>Type genus: Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD8FFC1FC78F8D0FB0BF8CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD8FFCEFC5EF8B3FDCDFE34.text	038B87BAFFD8FFCEFC5EF8B3FDCDFE34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dallirhytis Kruglov & Starobogatov 1989	<div><p>Genus Dallirhytis Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1989</p><p>Kruglov and Starobogatov 1989: 15.</p><p>aNon-native species.</p><p>Type species: Lymnaea petersi Dall, 1905</p><p>= Limnaea ovata var. atkaensis Dall, 1884 (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis: Shell medium in size, ovate-conical to almost ear-shaped, with well-developed acute spire (Fig. 3A, B). Whorls are conspicuously inflated. Praeputium cylindrical, oblong, dark-pigmented; penis sheath rather short and compact; its length is 2.5–3.0 less than the praeputium length (Fig. 4A). Penis with a (rudimentary) ring-shaped fixing swelling [Walter (1969) calls it the ‘penial knot’]; prostate with a single internal fold.</p><p>Species richness: This is a monotypic genus. In addition to Dallirhytis atkaensis, Kruglov and Starobogatov (1989, 1993) listed another species, Lymnaea petersi Dall, 1905 . However, we synonymize both species based on examination of samples of Ly. petersi kept in ZIN. We found that the conchological variability of Ly. petersi falls within the range of variability of D. atkaensis . The ranges of both taxa as accepted byKruglov and Starobogatov (1993) overlap almost completely. Dallirhytis atkaensis has a very characteristic shell appearance and can hardly be confused with another pond snail species of Beringia.</p><p>Distribution: A Beringian taxon known from Alaska, the Yukon Territory, northern British Columbia, and the Chukchi Peninsula (Burch 1989, Kruglov 2005, Aksenova et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD8FFCEFC5EF8B3FDCDFE34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD7FFCEFEFCFE74FDE8F9E7.text	038B87BAFFD7FFCEFEFCFE74FDE8F9E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galba Schrank 1803	<div><p>Genus Galba Schrank, 1803</p><p>Schrank 1803: 262.</p><p>Type species: Buccinum truncatulum O.F. Müller, 1774 (by subsequent designation).</p><p>Diagnosis: Shell small (typically does not exceed 10 mm in length), turriculate or ovate-conical (sometimes almost ovoid), with convex or almost stepped whorls. Prostate with a single fold inside. Penis simple (without a fixing swelling). Penis sheath typically compact and short; in most species it is much shorter than the praeputium.</p><p>Species richness: The actual number of species in the genus is difficult to define, because many nominal species (especially numerous representatives of Galba occurring in North America) have yet not been studied by an integrative taxonomic approach (see Burch 1989, Johnson et al. 2013, Alda et al. 2021). Vázquez et al. (2018) wrote that 21 species in North America correspond to the group of small-shelled Galba: ‘Here again, these numbers are perhaps overestimated due to possible systematic confusions in the absence of molecular studies’. In the studied region, two native species, Galba truncatula (O.F. Müller, 1774) and Galba sibirica (Westerlund, 1885), have been recorded (Dybowski 1912, Itagaki 1956, Bogatov and Zatravkin 1990, Prozorova 1998, Vinarski and Kantor 2016). Galba sibirica has not been assessed by an integrative taxonomic approach, and its taxonomic status requires clarification. We did not include this species in our final checklist of the East Asian and Alaskan lymnaeids, but we provide illustrations of its shell and copulatory organ herein (Figs 3C, 4B). In contrast, G. truncatula (Figs 3D, 4C) is absent from our regional library of DNA sequences and probably does not occur in the study region. All published records of this species probably represent misidentification of G. pacifica . Two non-indigenous species, G. humilis and G. schirazensis, are known from Japan (Ohari et al. 2020, Saito 2022).</p><p>Distribution: The Americas, Eurasia, and Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD7FFCEFEFCFE74FDE8F9E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD7FFCEFF01F9A4FBDBFEEC.text	038B87BAFFD7FFCEFF01F9A4FBDBFEEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ladislavella B. Dybowski 1912	<div><p>Genus Ladislavella B. Dybowski, 1912 s.l.</p><p>According to Vinarski (2012, 2013) and Vinarski and Kantor (2016), the genus Ladislavella consists of two vicariant subgenera: Ladislavella s.s. (Eastern Europe to Russian Far East) and Walterlymnaea Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova, 1976 (Beringia, North American mainland, Greenland). As our multi-locus phylogeny shows, the Hawaiian endemic Erinna H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1855 clusters with the nominative subgenus. This renders Ladislavella s.l. paraphyletic (see also Aksenova et al. 2023). To maintain monophyletic taxa, we elevate both to the rank of full genus. However, the phylogenetic position of Erinna and the topology of the phylogenetic tree might change in the future, when the two other Hawaiian endemic taxa (i.e. Pseudisidora Thiele, 1931 and Pseudobulinus Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1993) are included in a molecular analysis. Currently, genetic data on these two taxa are unavailable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD7FFCEFF01F9A4FBDBFEEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD7FFCEFC48FEADFC6EFBD4.text	038B87BAFFD7FFCEFC48FEADFC6EFBD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ladislavella B. Dybowski 1912	<div><p>Genus Ladislavella B. Dybowski, 1912 s.s.</p><p>Dybowski 1912: 179.</p><p>Type species: Ladislavella sorensis B. Dybowski, 1912 = Limnaea palustris var. terebra Westerlund, 1885 (by subsequent designation).</p><p>Diagnosis: Shell of typical ‘stagnicoline’ shape, tall and slender, with high spire and weakly inflated body whorl. Its size is typically not larger than 22 mm. Shell shape varies from high-turriculate to high-conical. Prostate with a single fold inside. The penial knot is absent. Praeputium is dark-pigmented, slender and relatively narrow; its width slightly exceeds the width of the penis sheath (Fig. 4D). The lengths of the praeputium and penis sheath are almost equal; the distal part of the latter is somewhat swollen.</p><p>Species richness: Four or five species, one of them, Ladislavella liogyra (Westerlund, 1897), occurs within the studied region. It is characterized by a very slender turriculate shell (Fig. 3E); the number of whorls can reach 7.5–8.0. There are no similar species in East Asia.</p><p>Distribution: The genus is distributed from Central and East Europe eastwards to the southern part of the Russian Far East (the middle and lower courses of the Amur River, Primorye, and Sakhalin Island).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD7FFCEFC48FEADFC6EFBD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD7FFC9FC13FB6CFD9FFD3A.text	038B87BAFFD7FFC9FC13FB6CFD9FFD3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Walhiana Servain 1882	<div><p>Genus Walhiana Servain, 1882</p><p>Servain 1882: 55.</p><p>= Walterlymnaea Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova, 1976 syn. nov.</p><p>Type species: Lymnaea vahlii MØller, 1842 = Lymnaea catascopium (by original designation) (Servain 1882).</p><p>Diagnosis: Shell medium in size; shape varies from high-turriculate to high-conical (almost ear-shaped forms are known as peculiar ‘ecological races’; see Walter 1969). Most species have a ‘stagnicoline’ appearance, i.e. slender, high-spired shells with a relatively small aperture. The number of whorls can reach six or seven. The structure of the copulatory apparatus is identical to that of Dallirhytis . Prostate with a single fold inside. Penial knot present.</p><p>Species richness: Uncertain, owing to a large number of nominal species accepted as valid (see Burch 1989, Johnson et al. 2013) but not yet studied genetically. The genus might include ≤10 accepted species. Two species are recognized in the study region: Walhiana arctica (I. Lea, 1864) (Fig. 3F) and Walhiana catascopium (Say, 1817) (Figs 3G, H, 4E). The former (Fig. 3F) is confined to the northern Nearctic, occurring in Alaska and Northern Canada through to Newfoundland (Baker 1911, Burch 1989, Johnson et al. 2013). The two species are virtually indistinguishable from each other both conchologically and anatomically. However, Clarke (1973) noted that W. arctica is characterized by smaller size (shell height not exceeding 22 mm, with six whorls or more) and a wide and thick columella. Walhiana catascopium is extremely variable and widely distributed, known from the North American mainland (south to Mexico), Kamchatka, and Greenland (Clarke 1973, Burch 1989, Vinarski et al. 2016, 2017a).</p><p>Distribution: Extreme northeast Asia (Chukchi and Kamchatka peninsulas), North American mainland south to Mexico, and Greenland.</p><p>Remark: Walhiana Servain, 1882 is the oldest available name for this group. The names Walterlymnaea Starobogatov &amp; Budnikova, 1976 and Catascopia Meier-Brook &amp; Bargues, 2002 are junior synonyms (see Vinarski 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD7FFC9FC13FB6CFD9FFD3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD0FFC9FC6AFC3EFC29FBC6.text	038B87BAFFD0FFC9FC6AFC3EFC29FBC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipepleinae Pini 1877	<div><p>Subfamily Amphipepleinae Pini, 1877</p><p>Type genus: Amphipeplea Nilsson, 1822</p><p>[= Myxas G.W. Sowerby I, 1822].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD0FFC9FC6AFC3EFC29FBC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD0FFC9FEC1FD64FB86FC7E.text	038B87BAFFD0FFC9FEC1FD64FB86FC7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lymnaea Lamarck 1799	<div><p>Genus Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799</p><p>Lamarck 1799: 75.</p><p>Type species: Helix stagnalis Linnaeus, 1758 (by monotypy).</p><p>Diagnosis: Shell large (≤ 70 mm height, usually 40–50 mm), ovate-conical to ear-shaped (Fig. 3J); both shell size and shell proportions are prone to high variability, both within and among populations. Aperture relatively large, with the body whorl moderately to greatly inflated. Prostate with numerous small folds inside. Praeputium is thick and sac-like, its length exceeds the penis sheath length by 2.5–7.0 times (Fig. 4F). The latter is very short and narrow. Penial knot is present.</p><p>Species richness: Most authors include a single species, the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, which is thought to be widely distributed in Eurasia and North America [but see Kruglov and Starobogatov (1985a, 1993), who split Ly. stagnalis s.l. into a series of morphospecies, five of them living in North America and six in Eurasia]. Our phylogenetic analysis supports the hypothesis that the great pond snail might be a series of morphologically cryptic species, virtually indistinguishable both conchologically and anatomically (Aksenova et al. 2023).</p><p>Distribution: Holarctic; introduced to some tropical regions of the world. Most of the species belonging to this genus occur in Eurasia, whereas North America is probably inhabited by a single species, Lymnaea jugularis Say, 1817 (= Lymnaea appressa Say, 1821) (Fig. 3I). In the East Asian region, we accept a single species, which is widely distributed throughout the Altai, East Siberia, the extreme northeast of Asia, West China (Xinjiang), and, probably, Mongolia. The oldest available name for this species is Lymnaea sorensis W. Dybowski, 1912, based on its type locality of Lake Baikal. The type series of this species is housed in the ZIN collection (Fig. 3J). In addition, we studied numerous topotypic specimens of this species collected in June 2021 (LMBI collection). Based on these considerations, we adopt this name for the clade of sequences from Northeast and Central Asia. Conchologically and anatomically, it corresponds fully to the great pond snail, which is common in Europe and West Siberia. There are no similar species in East Asia.</p><p>Nomenclatural remark: Say (1817a) described Ly. jugularis as a species of ‘great pond snail’ in North America. Some authors accepted this name, treating Ly. appressa as its junior synonym (e.g. Kruglov and Starobogatov 1993). In contrast, Burch (1989) explicitly ignored Ly. jugularis as an available name, without providing an explanation. Clarke (1973: 300–301) argued that Ly. jugularis is unrecognizable because it was based on a very short and incomplete description that was not accompanied by a figure. He characterized this species as ‘a doubtful inhabitant of the United States’. Clarke (1973) decided to use the name Ly. appressa for this species. Later, Clarke (1981) opined that ‘Say’s first (1817) description of jugularis is recognizable’ and that appressa was its junior synonym. The type specimens of Ly. jugularis are lost, which might prevent researchers from reaching an agreement on the identity of this name. In contrast, the type series of Ly. appressa is extant (see Baker 1911: 141) and available to identify this species. To resolve this confusing situation, we here designate a neotype for Lymnaea jugularis Say, 1817 . This specimen was collected from an unknown locality in Minnesota, North America, in the mid-19th century and is kept in ZIN (no. 1 in the systematic catalogue). The exact sampling date is unknown; we know only that this sample was obtained from the United States National Museum in the end of the 19th century (Fig. 3K). This specimen shows all characters typical for the Nearctic Lymnaea stagnalis s.l. as they were described in papers by Baker (1911), Clarke (1973, 1981), and some other North American authors.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD0FFC9FEC1FD64FB86FC7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD0FFCAFC3BFB58FD22FAA2.text	038B87BAFFD0FFCAFC3BFB58FD22FAA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Radix Montfort 1810	<div><p>Genus Radix Montfort, 1810</p><p>Montfort 1810: 266.</p><p>Type species: Helix auricularius Linnaeus, 1758 (by monotypy).</p><p>Diagnosis: Shell variable in size and shape; varying from ear-shaped to high-conical. Shell of the largest species can reach 30–35 mm in height (Fig. 5A–G,I,J). Prostate with a single internal fold. Praeputium sac-like; it is much wider than the penis sheath (Fig. 4I–K). The ratio of the lengths of these structures varies within the taxon, but it is typically close to 1.0. The penial knot is absent. The spermathecal duct is long.</p><p>Species richness and taxonomic remarks: The genus contains two subgenera: Radix s.s. and Exsertiana Bourguignat, 1883 [type species Limnaeus natalensis var. exsertus Martens, 1866 = Radix natalensis (Krauss, 1848)]. The latter subgenus is restricted to tropical regions of the Old World (Vinarski et al. 2020). According to various authors, the genus includes two (Jackiewicz 1998) or&gt;40 (Kruglov 2005) species. However, the validity of many nominal species of Radix has recently been rejected as a result of several integrative taxonomic studies (Bolotov et al. 2014, Aksenova et al. 2016, 2017). The exact number of valid species of Radix remains unknown. This genus is represented in the study region by three species, which renders it one of the most species-rich lymnaeid genera of East Asia and Alaska. Of these three species, Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758) has the widest geographical range, being found in most of Europe, northern and central Asia, northern Africa, and northern America (Fig. 5A; Table 3). Radix plicatula is a Far Eastern species; its range extends to Vietnam and Taiwan in the south (Fig. 5I, J). In Japan it has been recorded from Hokkaido Island to Okinawa Island (Saito et al. 2021; see Supporting Information, Dataset S2). We have examined two lots of ‘syntypes’ of Limnaea okinawensis Ehrmann (nomen nudum inJacobi 1898: S. 85) kept in SMF. Unfortunately, Jacobi (1898), who provided a rather detailed description of the soft-body anatomy of this snail, did not illustrate the shell. Most probably, these specimens represent R. plicatula . Radix coreana appears to be a conchological form of R. plicatula from the Korean Peninsula (Fig. 5B). It has also been recorded from the Russian Far East (Bogatov and Zatravkin 1990, Vinarski et al. 2016). Two further nominal species can be considered probable synonyms of R. plicatula (Table 2). Among these, Radix japonica (Jay, 1857) is the oldest available name. Its taxonomic identity, however, has remained obscure. Samples of Japanese lymnaeids that are labelled as ‘ Lymnaea japonica ’ or ‘ Radix japonica ’ in European zoological museums are rather heterogeneous. Some of them apparently belong to R. auricularia . The original description (Jay 1857) depicts the shell of this species as almost ovoid, with rounded whorls and a drop-like aperture. We could identify some specimens of Radix from Japan externally approaching the original picture (see Fig. 5D, E) and thus apply this species name to the R. plicatula clade revealed herein. However, the possibility that Radix japonica sensu Jay (1857) was, in fact, conspecific with R. auricularia cannot be ruled out. This makes Lymnaea japonica Jay, 1857 a taxon inquirendum, and no conclusive decision on its true identity is possible.</p><p>An empty cell indicates the absence of the species in a given area.Distribution areas:ALA, Alaska;AMU,Amur River basin and Primorye;CHU,Chukchi Peninsula; HOK,Hokkaido; HON, Honshu;ḎM, Kamchatka Peninsula;KOL, Kolyma Highlands; KOR,Korean Peninsula; KUR,Kurile Archipelago; OKH, Okhotsk Sea Coast;SAK,Sakhalin Island.</p><p>Radix hamadai, a species with a very peculiar conchology, was described from Japan (Ohta Prefecture, Kyushu Island). Despite its extreme external dissimilarity to typical representatives of R. plicatula, our results show that this taxon might represent an ecophenotypic morph of R. plicatula . Lymnaeid species with similar shells are known from other regions of Eurasia [i.e. Radix relicta from Lake Skadar, Balkans; Radix onychia (Westerlund, 1883) from Lake Biwa, Japan]. A specimen, identified by Ohari et al. (2020) as R. auricularia with Ra03 haplotype, has peculiar conchological traits (see Ohari et al. 2020: fig. 2, E1–E2), which differentiate it clearly from the typical R. auricularia . Its shell shape and proportions are more similar to those of R. hamadai, and this specimen has been identified tentatively as Radix cf. hamadai during this study. However, the molecular data on the topotypic specimens of R. hamadai remain inaccessible, and we have no direct evidence that the studied specimen is conspecific with R. hamadai from Kyushu Island. Nonetheless, our results show that R. plicatula can develop a peculiar shell morphology resembling that of R. hamadai . The taxonomic status of the latter species needs additional research.</p><p>Distribution: Radix is widely distributed in Eurasia and Africa but absent from Australia and South America (Aksenova et al. 2018, Vinarski et al. 2020). One species ( R. auricularia) is native to Alaska, while its European lineage was introduced elsewhere in North America (Burch 1989, Aksenova et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD0FFCAFC3BFB58FD22FAA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD3FFCAFF42FAE3FB63FECD.text	038B87BAFFD3FFCAFF42FAE3FB63FECD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kamtschaticana Kruglov & Starobogatov 1984	<div><p>Genus Kamtschaticana Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1984</p><p>Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1984: 30.</p><p>Type species: Lymneus kamtschaticus Middendorff, 1850 (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis: Shell typically small (≤ 12 mm in height, rarely larger), spheroid to ovate-conical, with low spire and conspicuously inflated body whorl. Whorls are visibly convex and rounded. Prostate with a single internal fold. Praeputium dark-pigmented, sac-like; it is much wider than the penis sheath. The ratio of the lengths of these structures slightly exceeds 1.0 (i.e. praeputium is slightly longer than penis sheath). The penial knot is absent. The spermathecal duct is short.</p><p>Species richness: In addition to the type species, we describe another species herein, K. nipponica . We found another candidate species in Lake Azabachye in Kamchatka. However, this is known from only a single sequenced specimen, and we refrain from its description but refer to it as Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Fig. 5M). Vinarski et al. (2021) provided additional detail on the taxonomy and species composition of Kamtschaticana .</p><p>Distribution: The type species, K. kamtschaticana (Figs 4G, 5K, L), is widely distributed in northeast Asia and in the Russian Far East and the southern parts of Eastern Siberia. The findings of this species from Alaska are also known (Vinarski et al. 2021). With the description of K. nipponica, the range of the genus extends to Japan (Hokkaido Island), although there are no records of Kamtschaticana from the Kurile Islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD3FFCAFF42FAE3FB63FECD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD3FFCAFCBAFE4AFAE6FBA9.text	038B87BAFFD3FFCAFCBAFE4AFAE6FBA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientogalba Kruglov & Starobogatov 1985	<div><p>Genus Orientogalba Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1985</p><p>Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov, 1985b: 28.</p><p>Type species: Lymnaea heptapotamica Lazareva, 1967 (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis: Shell typically small (≤ 12 mm in height, rarely larger), ovoid, ovate-conical or high-conical. Whorls are visibly inflated, with aperture relatively enlarged. Prostate with a single internal fold. Praeputium sac-like; it is much wider and slightly longer than the penis sheath. The penial knot is absent.</p><p>Species richness: The genus includes several nominal species, only some of which have been studied genetically (Vinarski et al. 2020). The East Asian Region is inhabited by the widespread Orientogalba ollula (Gould, 1859) (for the account for this species, see Vinarski et al. 2020) (Figs 4H, 5H) and the Japanese endemic O. hokkaidoensis (Figs 6G–I, 7C)</p><p>Distribution: East, Southeast, and Central Asia; Pacific Region. Introduced to some areas remote from the native range.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD3FFCAFCBAFE4AFAE6FBA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFD3FFD4FC5AFBAFFF0CF88B.text	038B87BAFFD3FFD4FC5AFBAFFF0CF88B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galba pacifica Bolotov, Vinarski, Aksenova, Ohari & Itagaki 2024	<div><p>Galba pacifica Bolotov, Vinarski, Aksenova, Ohari &amp; Itagaki sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 6A–C, 7A)</p><p>= Galba sp. Gt-c1 Ohari et al. 2020.</p><p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CF4718E8- CAFE-4813-A8A7-430C09ED86AD</p><p>Type series: The holotype and 14 paratypes deposited in ZIN and RMBH (Table 1) . Numbers of reference DNA sequences of the type specimens are presented in the Supporting Information (Datasets S1 and S2).</p><p>Type locality: Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Biei Town, the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.3725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.3725/lat 43.5203)">Ishikari River</a> system, a ditch near the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.3725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5203" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.3725/lat 43.5203)">Rubeshibe Stream</a>, 43.5203°N, 142.3725°E .</p><p>Etymology: This species is named after the Pacific Ocean region, where it is distributed.</p><p>Dimensions of the holotype shell at 5.50 whorls (in millimetres): shell height (SH) = 8.8; shell width (SW) = 4.9; spire height (SpH) = 4.4; body whorl height (BWH) = 6.9; aperture height (AH) = 4.6; aperture width (AW) = 2.7 (for the morphometric characteristics of the type series, see Table 4).</p><p>Conchological diagnosis: Shell small, high-conical to shortly turriculate, brown coloured, with a relatively long spire and weakly inflated body whorl. Whorls strongly inflated, slowly increasing, separated by deep and slightly oblique suture. Tangential line almost straight. Aperture drop-shaped, with evenly rounded basal and palatal margins. Umbilicus open, relatively wide. Apertural lip moderately developed, now wide. Columellar fold not developed. Sculpture presented by rare growth bands and transverse rows of lamellae separated with shallow grooves.</p><p>Soft-body anatomy: Three specimens of G. pacifica have been dissected. Praeputium oblong, cylindrical, its length exceeds penis sheath length by 1.3–2.3 times (see Fig. 7A). Penis sheath narrow; its distal part not inflated. Both praeputium and penis sheath light in colour, thin walled. Mantle pigmentation: light grey or pale yellow, in upper part with large black spots. The foot is dark grey with a light border around the edge (Fig. 7A).</p><p>Differential diagnosis: There are no any significant morphological or anatomical differences between G. truncatula (Fig. 3D), and G. pacifica (see Fig. 6A–C). Galba pacifica much resembles other species of the genus Galba . The conchological indices characterizing these species are rather similar; their values overlap, and, therefore, the reliable identification of G. pacifica is possible only by taking a molecular approach.</p><p>Molecular diagnosis: The new species differs from other congeners by seven fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment (196 G; 256 C; 268 C; 360 G; 475 G; 499 G; 625 G) and one fixed nucleotide substitution in the 16S rRNA gene fragment (244 C). The uncorrected COI p -distance of the new species from other congeners is 7.5%–11.8%, with G. truncatula and Galba mweruensis (Connolly, 1929) being the nearest neighbours. Based on the nuclear ITS1 marker, its nearest neighbour is G. truncatula, with the uncorrected p -distance of 3.32% (Supporting Information, Fig. S5 and Tables S2 and S 3).</p><p>Distribution: Galba pacifica has been collected from numerous localities on Hokkaido Island (see Table 1; Supporting Information, Dataset S2), the Kuril Islands (Kunashir and Iturup), and in the south of Sakhalin Island. A single locality of this snail is known from the Kamchatka Peninsula. In Japan, G. pacifica has been recorded from ditches and small streams; in Russia it was found in small springs, streams, and puddles on dirt roads and near thermal springs in Kamchatka and Kunashir Island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFD3FFD4FC5AFBAFFF0CF88B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFCDFFD7FF5BF888FABDF922.text	038B87BAFFCDFFD7FF5BF888FABDF922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kamtschaticana nipponica Aksenova, Bolotov, Vinarski, Ohari & Itagaki 2024	<div><p>Kamtschaticana nipponica Aksenova, Bolotov, Vinarski, Ohari &amp; Itagaki sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 6D–F, 7B)</p><p>= Radix sp. Ra-c2 Ohari et al. 2020.</p><p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DC137135- 675C-4B64-9C57-8EBEF87E89B8</p><p>Type series: The holotype and eight paratypes are deposited in ZIN and RMBH (Table 1). Numbers of reference DNA sequences of the type specimens are presented in the Supporting Information (Datasets S1 and S2).</p><p>Type locality: Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Sarabetsu village, the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.2652&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.6272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.2652/lat 42.6272)">Tokachi River</a> system, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.2652&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.6272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.2652/lat 42.6272)">Itarataraki Stream</a>, 42.6272°N, 143.2652°E .</p><p>Etymology: This species is named after Nippon (Hţ), the native name for the Japan state.</p><p>Dimensions of the holotype shell at 3.50 whorls (in millimetres): SH = 12.0; SW = 8.3; SpH = 4.0; BWH = 10.7; AH = 8.1; AW = 6.0 (see Table 4 for the morphometric characteristics of the type series).</p><p>Conchological diagnosis: Shell medium in size (SH reaches 12.0 mm), ovate-shaped, with low, broadly conical spire and moderately inflated body whorl. Whorls (≤ 3.50 in number) rounded, slowly increasing, strongly convex, separated by deep, straight suture. Shell apex usually corroded, with protoconch whorls destroyed. Shell surface smooth, somewhat shiny, light brown coloured, covered by growth bands and transversing rows of weakly developed and poorly visible lamellae. Body whorl high (constitutes ~0.90 of SH). Aperture ovate, temperately wide, with a visible depression at the parietal–columellar connection. Basal margin evenly rounded. Apertural lip narrow and comparatively thick; umbilicus very narrow (slot-like). Columellar fold weakly developed, sometimes virtually absent (Fig. 6D–F).</p><p>In each cell, above line,limits of variation (minimum–maximum); below line,mean value ± σ.</p><p>Soft-body anatomy: Only one fixed specimen was available, but it was juvenile; hence, the copulatory apparatus was not studied. Mantle pigmentation light grey, with large black spots. The foot is light grey with black ‘freckles’ (Fig. 7B).</p><p>Differential diagnosis: Kamtschaticana nipponica much resembles K. kamtschatica (Middendorff, 1850), the type species of the genus, and differs from the latter mainly in the whorls being more strongly convex (Figs 5K, L, 6D–F). However, this difference is probably not reliable, because the degree of whorl convexity varies within many lymnaeid species. Thus, it is reasonable to consider K. nipponica a morphologically cryptic species, whose identity might be discerned reliably through molecular identification only.</p><p>Molecular diagnosis: The new species differs from other congeners by 54 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment (35 T; 40 T; 49 T; 50 T; 73 G; 91 A; 130 T; 136 G; 142 A; 145 A; 178 C; 226 G; 238 G; 253 A; 298 G; 310 A; 313 T; 322 T; 334 A; 349 T; 352 C; 355 C; 361 T; 385 A; 412 G; 433 G; 439 C; 457 C; 466 G; 475 G; 481 T; 502 C; 511 T; 520 C; 523 T; 526 T; 529 C; 530 C; 538 A; 550 A; 559 T; 574 A; 578 T; 580 A; 586 T; 589 A; 601 A; 607 C; 616 A; 619 T; 625 T; 628 G; 631 C; 649 T) and 34 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the 16S rRNA gene fragment (4 C; 12 T; 17 C; 21 G; 40 Del; 41 Del; 45 A; 47 C; 111 G; 124 T; 133 A; 145 C; 148 A; 149 A; 157 A; 186 A; 189 T; 223 A; 225 Del; 228 C; 236 Del; 239 T; 276 Del; 277 C; 289 A; 302 A; 303 T; 304 T; 306 A; 308 G; 352 T; 353 A; 358 T; 404 A). The uncorrected COI p -distance of the new species from other congeners is 9.6%–11.0%. Based on mitochondrial DNA, it is most closely related to K. kamtschatica (Middendorff, 1850) (uncorrected COI p -distance = 9.6%). Based on the nuclear ITS1 marker, these two species are also the nearest neighbours, with the uncorrected p -distance of 1.61% (Supporting Information, Fig. S5 and Tables S2 and S 3).</p><p>Distribution: Kamtschaticana nipponica is known from only a few localities in Hokkaido Island. The snails of this species were collected from streams and a ditch (see Table 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFCDFFD7FF5BF888FABDF922	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
038B87BAFFCEFFD6FC99F963FD5FF8B6.text	038B87BAFFCEFFD6FC99F963FD5FF8B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientogalba hokkaidoensis Aksenova, Bolotov, Vinarski, Ohari & Itagaki 2024	<div><p>Orientogalba hokkaidoensis Aksenova, Bolotov, Vinarski, Ohari &amp; Itagaki sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 6G–I, 7C)</p><p>= Austropeplea ollula Ohari et al. 2020 [partim].</p><p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3D7FFE70- 6426-4BDA-A772-D6181EF0EE13</p><p>Type series: The holotype and eight paratypes are deposited in ZIN and RMBH (see Table 1). Numbers of reference DNA sequences of the type specimens are presented in the Supporting Information (Datasets S1 and S2).</p><p>Type locality: Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Sarabetsu village, the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.2652&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.6272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.2652/lat 42.6272)">Tokachi River</a> system, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.2652&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.6272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.2652/lat 42.6272)">Itarataraki Stream</a>, 42.6272°N, 143.2652°E .</p><p>Etymology: This species is named after Hokkaido Island, where its type series was collected.</p><p>Dimensions of the holotype shell at 5.25 whorls (in millimetres): SH = 11.0; SW = 6.5; SpH = 4.3; BWH = 8.8; AH = 7.0; AW = 5.3 (for the morphometric characteristics of the type series, see Table 4).</p><p>Conchological diagnosis: Shell small, high-conical, with relatively narrow and high spire and moderately inflated body whorl. Whorls weakly inflated, increase slowly, separated by a shallow, slightly oblique suture. Number of whorls is ≤5.5. Tangential line almost straight. Shell wall thin, in some specimens almost translucent. Shell surface smooth and sometimes shiny, corneous to brown coloured. Aperture ovate, with evenly rounded basal and palatal margins; umbilicus slot-like. Columellar fold weakly developed. Sculpture represented by moderately developed growth bands.</p><p>Soft-body anatomy: Four specimens were dissected. Praeputium light grey coloured, cylindrical, oblong (see Fig. 7C). Penis sheath very thin, with a very weakly developed swollen distal part; it is equal in size to the praeputium or a bit shorter. Index of the copulatory apparatus (ICA) (in four dissected specimens) varied from 1.00 to 1.05. Mantle almost uniformly light grey, with numerous very small dark blots concentrated in some regions of the mantle surface. The foot is dark grey (Fig. 7C).</p><p>Differential diagnosis: Orientogalba hokkaidoensis is very close conchologically to O. ollula (the other species of Orientogalba occurring in Japan) (Fig. 5H). The conchological indices characterizing these species are rather similar and their values overlap (Table 4); therefore, the reliable identification of O. hokkaidoensis is possible only by taking a molecular approach.</p><p>Molecular diagnosis: The new species differs from other congeners by six fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment (334 C; 379 C; 413 C; 496 A; 502 C; 592 C) and one fixed nucleotide substitution in the 16S rRNA gene fragment (157 C). The uncorrected COI p -distance of the new species from other congeners is 3.5%–8.5%, with O. ollula being the nearest neighbour (Fig. 5H). Based on the nuclear ITS1 marker, the two species are also the nearest neighbours, with the uncorrected p -distance of 6.79% (Supporting Information, Fig. S5 and Tables S2 and S 3).</p><p>Distribution: The species has been collected in localities situated on Hokkaido and Honshu Islands (see Table 1). These localities are labelled as ‘ditches’, and, probably, O. hokkaidoensis, like other species of this genus, prefer to live in non-permanent habitats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87BAFFCEFFD6FC99F963FD5FF8B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Aksenova, Olga V.;Vinarski, Maxim V.;Itagaki, Tadashi;Ohari, Yuma;Oshida, Tatsuo;Kim, Sang Ki;Lee, Jin Hee;Kondakov, Alexander V.;Khrebtova, Irina S.;Soboleva, Alena A.;Travina, Oksana V.;Sokolova, Svetlana E.;Palatov, Dmitry M.;Bespalaya, Yulia V.;Vikhrev, Ilya V.;Gofarov, Mikhail Yu.;Bolotov, Ivan N.	Aksenova, Olga V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Itagaki, Tadashi, Ohari, Yuma, Oshida, Tatsuo, Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Kondakov, Alexander V., Khrebtova, Irina S., Soboleva, Alena A., Travina, Oksana V., Sokolova, Svetlana E., Palatov, Dmitry M., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2024): Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (4): 1-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae083
