identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038BAF3BFF8FBA46FDC1FC068048FDA5.text	038BAF3BFF8FBA46FDC1FC068048FDA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammoecus cruciger (Waterhouse 1876)	<div><p>Psammoecus cruciger (Waterhouse, 1876)</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Telephanus cruciger Waterhouse, 1876: 125 .</p><p>Psammoecus upsilon Blackburn, 1903: 155 .</p><p>Psammoecus cephalotes Grouvelle, 1919: 20 .</p><p>Psammoecus cruciger – Grouvelle 1908: 476. — Arrow 1927: 44. — Hetschko 1930: 82.</p><p>Psammoecus cephalotes – Arrow 1927: 44. — Hetschko 1930: 82. — Pal 1985: 41.</p><p>Psammoecus upsilon – Arrow 1927: 44.</p><p>Psammoecus ypsilon – Hetschko 1930: 82. — Pal 1985: 41 (misspellings).</p><p>non Psammoecus trimaculatus – Grouvelle 1908: 476 (misidentification). — Pal 1985: 41.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The following combination of character states distinguishes this species: body oval (Fig. 1A) length 1.97– 2.73 mm; eyes (Fig. 1B) large, evenly rounded; temples distinct, narrowed evenly immediately behind eyes; frontal grooves flat, slightly curved, short, reaching anterior fifth of eyes; antennae stout (Fig. 1C), antennomere 6 sometimes slightly darkened, antennomeres 7–10 distinctly darkened, antennomere 11 whitish yellow; punctation on head and pronotal disc dense, microsculpture absent, punctures round, somewhat smaller than an eye facet diameter, pubescence on head and pronotum moderate; pronotum (Fig. 1B) widest at anterior third, pronotal punctation moderate, punctures widened, about as wide as eye facet diameter, lateral pronotal margins with four, sometimes only three teeth of moderate size, anterior and posterior denticles present, small; elytra (Fig. 1A) widest at middle, elytra with piceous maculae: wide band near middle, posterior half of suture and elytral apex darkened, humeral area often slightly to distinctly darkened; elytral pubescence short, longer setae along anterior half of interstice between 9 th and 11 th stria; male genitalia (Fig. 1 D–F) moderately sclerotised, with short, blunt median lobe that bears distinct, complex sclerotizations in apical part of internal sac, parameres short, bearing three distinct, long setae, parameres fused with tegmen, inner margins fused medially at flat angle, almost forming arc.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Types PAPUA NEW GUINEA • ♀, holotype of Telephanus cruciger Waterhouse, 1876; Dory; “Type” [round label with red border]; “59 58. Dory. | New Guinea”; “ Telephanus | cruciger, | (Type) C.Waterh.”. [59– 58 refers to 703 Coleoptera specimens collected by Alfred Russel Wallace in Dory, New Guinea, and puchased by NHMUK from Stevens’ Auction House in 1859 (M.V.L. Barclay pers. comm.)]; NHMUK.</p><p>AUSTRALIA • ♀, holotype of Psammoecus upsilon Blackburn, 1903 (= P. ypsilon sensu Hetschko 1930); [Northern Queensland?]; “T. | 7223 | N. Qv [?]” [written on mounting label, last line in red ink]; “Type | H. T.” [round label with red border]; “ Psammoecus | upsilon, Blackb. ”; “Australia. | Blackburn Coll. | B.M. 1910–236.”; NHMUK.</p><p>AUSTRALIA • ♀, holotype of Psammoecus cephalotes Grouvelle, 1919; Port Darwin; “Type” [round label with red border]; “Port Darwin. | 92–2.”; “4716”; “ Psammoecus | cephalotes | G. Grouv ” [Grouvelle’s hand]; NHMUK .</p><p>Other material</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland – Cairns • 3 specs; Aug. 1947; ANIC • 4 specs; ANIC • 6 specs; Sep. 1949; ANIC • 1 spec.; 16°55′ S, 145°46′ E; 26 Jan. 1938; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 18 Apr.–14 May 1965; Brooks leg.; at indoor light; ANIC • 1 spec.; 25 Mar. 1965; Balogh leg.; HNHM • 1 spec.; Little Mulgrave National Park; 16 Dec. 1967; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.9/lat -17.433332)">Russell River</a> Xing; 17°26′ S, 145°54′ E; 11 Jun. 1992; Reid leg.; weedy rainforest, beating Hibiscus; ANIC • 10 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -16.916666)">Edge Hill</a>; 16°55′ S, 145°46′ E; 9 Aug. 1968; Balogh and Loksa leg.; HNHM . – Cassowary Coast Region • 1 spec.; Cardstone; 1 Jan. 1966; Hyde leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 2 Feb. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 6 specs; same locality; 10–13 Mar. 1966; Hyde leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 14 Nov. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 4 specs; same locality; 15 Nov. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 16 Nov. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 2 specs; same data as for preceding; MKF • 1 spec.; same locality; 19 Nov. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 28 Nov. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 1–2 Dec. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 5–6 Dec. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 20 Jan. 1967; Hyde leg.; ANIC • 4 specs; Hinchinbrook Island, Gayundah Creek; 8–9 Nov. 1984; Marks leg.; light trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 15–17 Nov. 1984; Marks leg.; light trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Innisfail, Seymour Range; 6 Nov. 1966; Britton leg.; rainforest at light; ANIC . – Mackay Region • 4 specs; Finch Hatton, Cattle Ck Xing; 9 Jun. 1992; Reid leg.; beaten from flowering Eucalyptus; ANIC • 1 spec.; Bucasia; 3 Jan. 2007; Sandery leg.; ANIC . – Shire of Cook • 1 spec.; Iron Range National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.28334/lat -12.716666)">Mount Tozer</a>; 12°43′ S, 143°17′ E; 5–10 Jul. 1986; Weir and Calder leg.; at light; ANIC . – Shire of Douglas • 1 spec.; Daintree; 29 Oct. 1966; Britton leg.; dead leaves edge of rainforest; ANIC • 1 spec.; same data as for preceding; MKF . – Shire of Mareeba • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.63333/lat -16.816668)">Kuranda</a>; 16°49′ S, 145°38′ E; 24 Nov. 1964; Brooks leg.; at light; ANIC .</p><p>MALAYSIA • 2 specs; Sarawak, W Kuching, Mt Matang; Dec. 1913; Bryant leg.; NHMUK • 1 spec.; same data as for preceding; MKF .</p><p>PAPUA NEW GUINEA • 1 spec.; NE Madang, Gogol River; 17 Sep. 1969; Balogh leg.; HNHM • 1 spec.; Western Province, SE Kiunga; 23 Jul.–2 Aug. 1969; Balogh leg.; HNHM .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Psammoecus cruciger has been found in Australia (Queensland), Malaysia and Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Grouvelle (1908) erroneously synonymised P. cruciger with P. trimaculatus Motschulsky, 1858 . In his revision of Indian Psammoecus, Pal (1985) agreed with this, treating P. upsilon (“ P. ypsilon ”) and P. cephalotes as “probable synonyms” of P. trimaculatus . Arrow (1927) did not adopt Grouvelle’s synonymization of P. cruciger with P. trimaculatus . Instead, he regarded P. upsilon and P. cephalotes as junior synonyms of P. cruciger . Examination of type material confirmed the synonymy according to Arrow. There are few similarities to P. trimaculatus; the structure of the male genitalia indicates a very close relationship to P. simonis Grouvelle, 1882 . Both P. trimaculatus and P. simonis were redescribed by Yoshida &amp; Hirowatari (2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BAF3BFF8FBA46FDC1FC068048FDA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karner, Michael	Karner, Michael (2020): Taxonomic Studies on Australian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Brontinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 723: 135-158, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1149
038BAF3BFF88BA44FDF2FD5383D0FDE5.text	038BAF3BFF88BA44FDF2FD5383D0FDE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammoecus incertior Blackburn 1903	<div><p>Psammoecus incertior Blackburn, 1903</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Psammoecus incertior Blackburn, 1903: 154 .</p><p>Psammoecus incertior – Hetschko 1930: 83.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The following combination of character states distinguishes this species: body elongate-oval (Fig. 2A), length 2.86–3.30 mm; eyes large (Fig. 2B), unevenly rounded with distinctly stronger curvature posteriorly; temples very short; frontal of moderate length, diverging anteriorly, almost parallel posteriorly, reaching anterior ²⁄5 of eyes; antennae somewhat short (Fig. 2D), stout, antennomere 8 castaneous, antennomeres 9–10 piceous; antennomere 11 yellowish brown; punctation on vertex moderate (Fig. 2B), punctures strongly elongate, almost twice as long as eye facet diameter, microsculpture absent, pubescence moderate; pronotum widest at anterior third (Fig. 2C), lateral pronotal margins with six small but distinct teeth; teeth II, V, and VI somewhat larger than others, anterior denticles small, posterior denticles very small; pronotal punctation moderate, punctures distinctly widened, microsculpture absent, pubescence moderate, setae directed medially; elytra widest just in front of middle (Fig. 2A), with large brown medio-lateral maculae and small darkened area at posterior third of suture, striae as wide as interstices, pubescence moderate, microsculpture absent; male genitalia strongly sclerotised (Fig. 2 E–H), median lobe slender, evenly narrowed towards apex, tip blunt in dorsal view; curved ventrally with sharp tip in lateral view; parameres short, wide, with short protrusion at postero-lateral margin, two long setae near protrusion and few short setae along inner margins.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA • ♂; “ Type | H.T.” [round label with red border]; “Australia. | Blackburn Coll. | B.M.1910- 236.”; “ Psammoecus | incertior Blackb. ”; NHMUK.</p><p>Other material</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -16.916666)">Cairns</a>; 16°55′ S, 145°46′ E; May1947; ANIC • 2 specs; Cassowary Coast Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.8/lat -17.6)">Palmerston National Park</a>, 1 mi. E of Crawford’s Lookout; 17°36′ S, 145°48′ E; 6 Nov. 1966; Britton leg.; under bark; ANIC • 2 specs; Shire of Mareeba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.63333/lat -16.816668)">Kuranda</a>; 16°49′ S, 145°38′ E; Oct. 1950; ANIC • 6 specs; same locality; 16°49′ S, 145°38′ E; Feb. 1950; ANIC • 3 specs; same locality; Feb. 1909; Bryant leg.; NHMUK • 1 spec.; same data as for preceding; MKF • 1 spec.; Shire of Mareeba, 6 km NE of Kuranda, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.66667/lat -16.766666)">Black Mt Road</a>; 16°46′ S, 145°40′ E; 21 May 1976; Britton leg.; MKF • 2 specs; Tablelands, 6.8 km W of Atherton, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.9/lat -17.433332)">Russel River Crossing</a>; 17°26′ S, 145°54′ E; 11 Jun. 1992; Reid leg.; rainforest, beaten; ANIC • 1 spec.; Townsville Regional City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.83333/lat -19.133333)">Magnetic Island</a>; 19°8′ S, 146°50′ E; Jul. 1921; Carter leg.; ANIC .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Australia (Queensland).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The colouration of this species is rather variable, but the general pattern remains constant. A very distinct character is the peculiar shape of the male parameres, which differs considerably from all other known species of Psammoecus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BAF3BFF88BA44FDF2FD5383D0FDE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karner, Michael	Karner, Michael (2020): Taxonomic Studies on Australian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Brontinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 723: 135-158, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1149
038BAF3BFF8ABA4AFDE4FD9386BFFE09.text	038BAF3BFF8ABA4AFDE4FD9386BFFE09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammoecus obesus Grouvelle 1919	<div><p>Psammoecus obesus Grouvelle, 1919</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Psammoecus obesus Grouvelle, 1919: 11 .</p><p>Psammoecus obesus – Hetschko 1930: 83.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The following combination of character states distinguishes this species: body elongate-oval (Fig. 3A), length 3.08–3.29 mm; eyes large (Fig. 3B), irregularly rounded with stronger curvature posteriorly; temples distinct, short, strongly curved; frontal grooves distinct, diverging anteriorly, parallel near end; reaching anterior ²⁄5 of eyes; antennae stout (Fig. 3D), antennomere 8 slightly darkened, antennomeres 9–10 darkened, antennomere 11 bright yellowish-brown; punctation on vertex moderate, punctures distinctly elongate, as large as eye facet diameter; microsculpture on vertex absent, pubescence moderate; pronotum widest just in front of middle (Fig. 3C), lateral pronotal margins with five teeth; tooth I slightly and tooth V distinctly bigger than II–IV, distance between I and II wider than distances between other teeth, anterior and posterior denticles present, small; pronotal punctation dense, punctures as large as on vertex, distinctly widened, microsculpture absent, pubescence moderate, setae directed medially; elytra widest at middle (Fig. 3A), with transverse brown maculae behind middle, interstices distinctly wider than striae, pubescence moderate, microsculpture absent; male genitalia (Fig. 3 E–H) strongly sclerotised, median lobe in dorsal view wide, narrowed abruptly near ostium, apical end well rounded, in lateral view also narrowed abruptly, with sharp apical end; parameres in ventral view very wide, inner margins, apex and apical third of lateral margins with distinct setae; in lateral view with very wide basis, narrowed abruptly towards apex with dorsal margin almost forming angle.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype INDONESIA • ♀; Maluku, Seram; Pascoe leg.; “HOLO - | Type” [round label with red border]; “Ceram” [blue, elliptic label]; “Pascoe | Coll. | 93–60”; “ Psammoecus | obesus | ty. Grouv” [Grouvelle’s hand]; “HOLOTYPUS | Psammoecus | obesus Grouv. 1919 | det. R.G. Booth 2013”; NHMUK.</p><p>Other material</p><p>AUSTRALIA • 1 spec.; Queensland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -16.916666)">Cairns</a>; 16°55′ S, 145°46′ E; 1942; Perkins leg.; NHMUK • 1 spec.; Queensland, Cassowary Coast Region, 10 km NE of Tully; Nov. 1994; C. Reid leg.; rainforest; ANIC • 1 spec.; Queensland, Cassowary Coast Region, Cardstone; 1–2 Dec. 1966; J.G. Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Queensland, Shire of Cook, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.36667/lat -13.75)">McIlwraith Range</a>; 500 m a.s.l.; 13°45′ S, 143°22′ E; 27 Jun.–12 Jul. 1989; T.A. Weir leg.; at light; ANIC • 1 spm; Queensland, Shire of Douglas, Daintree; 29 Oct. 1966; E. Britton leg.; dead leaves, edge of rainforest; ANIC • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF .</p><p>INDONESIA • 2 specs; West Papua, Waigeo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.83333/lat -0.2)">Camp Nok</a>; 2500 ft a.s.l.; 0°12′ S, 130°50′ E; Apr. 1938; Cheesman leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>The species has been found in Australia (Queensland) and Indonesia.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Psammoecus obesus is closely related to P. hirsutus Grouvelle, 1883, P. decoratus Grouvelle, 1919, and P. signatus Grouvelle, 1919 . It differs from all three by the shape of the male genitalia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BAF3BFF8ABA4AFDE4FD9386BFFE09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karner, Michael	Karner, Michael (2020): Taxonomic Studies on Australian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Brontinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 723: 135-158, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1149
038BAF3BFF84BA48FDF3FDF68101F86E.text	038BAF3BFF84BA48FDF3FDF68101F86E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammoecus Blackburn 1903	<div><p>Psammoecus t-notatus Blackburn, 1903</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Psammoecus t-notatus Blackburn, 1903: 154.</p><p>Psammoecus amoenus Grouvelle, 1912: 92 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Psammoecus t-notatus – Hetschko 1930: 84.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The following combination of character states distinguishes this species: body oval (Fig. 4A), length 2.35–2.83 mm; eyes of moderate size (Fig. 4B), slightly unevenly rounded with somewhat stronger curvature posteriorly; temples distinct, evenly rounded; frontal grooves short, slightly curved, reaching anterior third of eyes; antennae slender (Fig. 4D), antennomeres 9–10 darkened; antennomere 11 testaceous; punctation on vertex moderate (Fig. 4B), punctures round, slightly smaller than eye facet diameter; microsculpture on vertex absent, pubescence moderate; pronotum (Fig. 4C) often brown with testaceous discal area of variable size, sometimes entire pronotum testaceous; widest at anterior third, lateral pronotal margins with four distinct teeth; teeth I and II small, III and IV larger; anterior and posterior denticles present, distinct; pronotal punctation dense, punctures slightly widened anteromedially, microsculpture absent, pubescence moderate, setae directed antero-medially; elytra widest at middle (Fig. 4A), with transverse piceous maculae closely behind middle, posterior part of suture, elytral apex and, in most specimens, humeral area darkened, interstices slightly wider than striae, pubescence moderate, microsculpture absent; male genitalia (Fig. 4 E–F) comparatively weakly sclerotised, median lobe slender, evenly narrowed towards apex, tip of apex blunt, tegmen with wide, very weakly sclerotised basis, paramere long, slender, club-shaped, inner margin of widened basis with numerous setae, along inner margins with few short, thin setae, apex with long seta.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Types</p><p>AUSTRALIA • ♀, holotype of Psammoecus t-notatus Blackburn, 1903; “Type | H.T.” [round label with red border]; “Australia. | Blackburn Coll. | B.M.1910-236.”; “ Psammoecus | T-notatus., Blackb.”; NHMUK.</p><p>VIETNAM • ♂, holotype of Psammoecus amoenus Grouvelle, 1912; Annam, Phúc Son; “Annam | PhucSon | Nov. Dez. | H. Fruhstorfer”; “ Psammoecus | amoenus | G. Grouv” [Grouvelle’s hand]; “N.L.M. 34. | p. 92.”; “Museum Leiden | Psammoecus | amoenus | Det: Grouv.”; “Type” [red label]; RMNH.</p><p>Other material</p><p>AUSTRALIA • 2 specs; Queensland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -16.916666)">Cairns</a>; 16°55′ S, 145°46′ E; ANIC • 3 specs; Queensland, Cairns, Bellenden Ker Range, 1 km south of Cable Tower; 1054 m a.s.l.; 17 Oct.–5 Nov. 1981; QLD Museum leg.; rainforest, malaise trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Queensland, Cassowary Coast Region, Cardstone; 14 Nov. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spm; same locality; 15 Nov. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF • 1 spec.; same locality; 20 Nov. 1966; Hyde leg.; MKF • 2 specs; same locality; 1 Feb. 1966; Hyde leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 2 Feb. 1966; Hyde leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Queensland, Shire of Douglas, Daintree, 4 mi. S. of Daintree; 29 Oct. 1966; Britton leg.; edge of rainforest on dead leaves; ANIC • 2 specs; Queensland, Shire of Mareeba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.63333/lat -16.816668)">Kuranda</a>; 16°49′ S, 145°38′ E; Dec. 1964; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 4 specs; same locality; Mar. 1950; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Queensland, Shire of Mareeba, Kuranda, Black Mountain Road 10 mi. N of Kuranda; 16°46′ S, 145°40′ E; 8 Mar. 1969; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Queensland, Tablelands Region, Ravenshoe; 25 Dec. 1937; ANIC .</p><p>FIJI • 2 specs; Taveuni; 10 Dec. 1923; Evans leg.; NHMUK • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF • 2 specs; Rotuma Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=177.047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.498333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 177.047/lat -12.498333)">Noatau</a>; 12°29.9′ S, 177°2.82′ E; 26 Apr. 1971; Robinson leg.; at light; NHMUK .</p><p>INDONESIA • 6 specs; Java; NHMUK • 2 specs; Java; Wallace leg.; NHMUK • 1 spec.; Sumatra; Doherty leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>MALAYSIA • 8 specs; Pahang, Taman Negara; 1–13 Mar. 1984; Jessop leg.; at light; NHMUK • 2 specs; same data as for preceding; MKF • 5 specs; Sarawak, Mt Matang; Dec. 1913; Bryant leg.; NHMUK • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF • 1 spec.; Sarawak, Muara Tuang, Kampung Quop; Feb.–Mar. 1914; Bryant leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>PAPUA NEW GUINEA • 8 specs; Madang, R. Buru, 90 m NW of Lae; 1200 ft a.s.l.; 5°13′ S, 145°48′ E; 1 Oct. 1964; Bacchus leg.; at light; NHMUK • 1 spec.; Morobe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.7333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.0/lat -6.7333336)">Lae</a>; 6°44′ S, 147°0′ E; 10 Dec. 1964; Bacchus leg.; NHMUK • 11 specs; Morobe, Finisterre Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.1/lat -5.8)">Budemu</a>; 4000 ft a.s.l.; 5°48′ S, 146°6′ E; 15–24 Oct. 1964; Bacchus leg.; at light; NHMUK • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF • 12 specs; Morobe, Finisterre Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.1/lat -5.8)">Damanti</a>; 3550 ft a.s.l.; 5°48′ S, 146°6′ E; 2–11 Oct. 1964; Bacchus leg.; at light; NHMUK • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF • 1 spec.; Morobe, Herzog Mountains, Vagau; 4000 ft a.s.l.; 4–17 Jan. 1965; Bacchus leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>THAILAND • 1 spec.; Ranong; Doherty leg.; NHMUK .</p><p>VANUATU • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.5/lat -16.25)">Malakula Island</a>; 16°15′ S, 167°30′ E; Mar.–Apr. 1929; Cheesman leg.; NHMUK • 2 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=166.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 166.83333/lat -15.25)">Espiritu Santo</a>; 15°15′ S, 166°50′ E; Aug. 1929; Cheesman leg.; NHMUK • 2 specs; same locality; Aug.–Sep. 1929; Cheesman leg.; NHMUK • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Specimens of P. t-notatus have been recorded from Australia (Queensland), Fiji, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Thailand and Vanuatu.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Psammoecus t-notatus is closely related to P. trimaculatus Motschulsky, 1858 and P. triguttatus Reitter, 1874 . Most specimens can easily be recognised by their distinct colouration/colour pattern. The determination of unusually coloured specimens requires examination of male genitalia. Psammoecus t-notatus differs from P. trimaculatus by the distinctly longer apical part of the parameres; it differs from P. triguttatus by the elongate, slender median lobe and the large, wide basal part of the tegmen.</p><p>Psammoecus t-notatus has a remarkably large area of distribution. As for other species of the genus, records from Malaise traps and at light suggest high mobility and a tendency to accumulate near human settlements. This, combined with an association with plant detritus and/or fungi, is likely to facilitate distribution by human trade of agricultural goods.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BAF3BFF84BA48FDF3FDF68101F86E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karner, Michael	Karner, Michael (2020): Taxonomic Studies on Australian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Brontinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 723: 135-158, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1149
038BAF3BFF81BA4DFDE5FEDC83A8FBE7.text	038BAF3BFF81BA4DFDE5FEDC83A8FBE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammoecus vittifer Blackburn 1903	<div><p>Psammoecus vittifer Blackburn, 1903</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Psammoecus vittifer Blackburn, 1903: 155 .</p><p>Psammoecus concolor Grouvelle, 1919: 8 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Psammoecus vittifer – Hetschko 1930: 84.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The following combination of character states distinguishes this species: body elongate-oval (Fig. 5A), length 2.36–2.85 mm; eyes of moderate size (Fig. 5B), unevenly rounded with distinctly stronger curvature posteriorly; temples very short; frontal grooves short, slightly curved, reaching anterior third of eyes; antennae short, stout (Fig. 5D), antennomere 6 slightly darkened, antennomeres 7–10 dark brown; antennomere 11 whitish; punctation on vertex dense (Fig. 5B), punctures strongly elongate, slightly longer than eye facet diameter, microsculpture absent, pubescence moderate; pronotum widest at anterior third (Fig. 5C), lateral pronotal margins with five small, but distinct teeth; I and V larger than II–IV, anterior denticles small, spread over larger distance and reaching anterior 1⁄6 of lateral margins, posterior denticles very small; pronotal punctation dense, punctures distinctly widened, microsculpture absent, pubescence moderate, setae directed antero-medially; elytra widest at middle (Fig. 5A), with elongate brown maculae along anterior 2/3 of margins and sutural area darkened near apex, striae wider than interstices, pubescence moderate, microsculpture absent; male genitalia strongly sclerotised (Fig. 5 E–H), median lobe slender, evenly narrowed towards apex, tip blunt in dorsal and lateral view, parameres long, wide, apex thin, flattened and widened, lateral margin near apex with two long setae. Left paramere of holotype of P. vittifer (Fig. 5G) permanently bent ventrally, probably a drying artifact.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Types</p><p>AUSTRALIA • 1 ♂, holotype of Psammoecus vittifer Blackburn, 1903; “Type | H.T.” [round label with red border]; “Australia. | Blackburn Coll. | B.M.1910-236.”; “ Psammoechus [sic!] | vittiferus, Blackb.”; NHMUK.</p><p>INDONESIA • 1 ♂, lectotype (here designated) of Psammoecus concolor Grouvelle, 1919; Java; “Co- | type” [round label with yellow border]; “Java.”; “Bowring. | 63.47*”; “ Psammoecus | concolor Grouv. ” [not Grouvelle’s hand]; Bowring leg.; MNHN • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; NHMUK .</p><p>Of P. concolor, Grouvelle (1919: 8) mentions two type specimens from Java in the collection of the NHMUK. Only one syntype (♀) could be located in the NHMUK collection; a further syntype (♂) with identical data is stored in the MNHN collection, indicating that Grouvelle kept one specimen for his own collection. The MNHN specimen is hereby designated as lectotype.</p><p>Other material</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 3 specs; Cairns Region, Cairns; Sep. 1949; ANIC • 3 specs; same locality; Nov. 1949; ANIC • 1 spec.; Cairns, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -16.916666)">Edge Hill</a>; 16°55′ S, 145°46′ E; 18 Apr.–14 May 1965; J.G. Brooks leg.; at indoor lights; ANIC • 4 specs; same locality; 11 Nov. 1967; J.G. Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 14 Oct. 1970; J.G. Brooks leg.; MKF • 1 spec.; Cassowary Coast Region, Cardstone; 25 Nov. 1966; J.G. Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 26 Nov. 1966; J.G. Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 29 Nov. 1966; J.G. Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 15–16 Jan. 1967; K. Hyde leg.; MKF • 1 spec.; Cassowary Coast Region, W slopes of Seymour Range, near Innisfail, Dinner Creek Road; 6 Nov. 1966; E. Britton leg.; rainforest, at light; ANIC • 1 spec.; Cassowary Coast Region, Palmerston National Park, Tully-Cairns Powerline; 300 m a.s.l.; 6 Nov. 1966; E. Britton leg.; rainforest, at light; ANIC • 1 spec.; City of Townsville, Townsville; 16–22 Mar. 1965; Balogh leg.; HNHM • 3 specs; Shire of Burdekin, Ayr; 19°135′ S, 147°24′ E; 1 Sep. 1970; W.B. Muir leg.; ANIC • 2 specs; Shire of Douglas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.38333/lat -16.466667)">Mossman</a>; 16°28′ S, 145°23′ E; 5 Dec. 1990; T. Gush leg.; at white light in laundromat; ANIC • 1 spec.; Shire of Douglas, Wonga, Pinnacle Village Holiday Park; 0 m a.s.l.; 13 Jan. 1999; Podlussány leg.; HNHM • 1 spec.; Shire of Mareeba / Douglas Shire, Mount Lewis; 1010 m a.s.l.; 20 Jun. 1971; Taylor Feehan leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Shire of Mareeba, Kuranda, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.63333/lat -16.816668)">Barron Falls</a>; 16°49′ S, 145°38′ E; 24 Nov. 1964; J.G. Brooks leg.; at light; ANIC .</p><p>THAILAND • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.833336/lat 16.433332)">Isan</a>, Khon-Kaen; 16°26′ N, 102°50′ E; 23 Feb. 1980; Saowakontha leg.; at light; HNHM • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF .</p><p>PAPUA NEW GUINEA • 1 spec.; Central Province, Ighibirei, Kemp Welch River; Jul.–Aug. 1890; Loria leg.; MSNG .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species was found in Australia (Queensland), Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Thailand.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Psammoecus vittifer is easily identified by its general habitus and the very distinct structure of the male genitalia. One specimen from Papua New Guinea in the MSNG collection is labelled as “ Psammoecus ocularis ty. Grouv.” in Grouvelle’s hand. This name was never published, hence P. ocularis is considered a manuscript name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BAF3BFF81BA4DFDE5FEDC83A8FBE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karner, Michael	Karner, Michael (2020): Taxonomic Studies on Australian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Brontinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 723: 135-158, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1149
038BAF3BFF83BA52FDBDFB928750FC7E.text	038BAF3BFF83BA52FDBDFB928750FC7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammoecus australis Karner 2020	<div><p>Psammoecus australis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B8F383AA-30E8-4CE3-B033-600DEFFEF03E</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The following combination of character states distinguishes this species: body length 1.96–2.45 mm; eyes very large, evenly rounded; temples extremely short, strongly narrowed immediately behind eyes; frontal grooves diverging posteriorly, reaching middle of eyes; punctation on vertex very sparse; pronotal punctation sparse; pronotal teeth long; lateral pronotal margin simple; lateral elytral interstices with very long setae; median lobe wide, apex blunt, rounded; parameres short, roundish.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is derived from the continent name Australia.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA • ♂; Queensland, Cook Shire, 30 km S of Cooktown, Mt Finnigan Sl.; 400 m a.s.l.; 3 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, moist litter; ANIC.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – Queensland – Cairns Region • 1 spec.; Bellenden, Ker Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.89993&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.27001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.89993/lat -17.27001)">Cable Tower</a> 3; 1054 m a.s.l.; 17°16′12.04″ S, 145°53′59.76″ E; 25–31 Oct. 1981; rainforest, stick brushings; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 17 Oct.–9 Nov. 1981; pyrethrum knockdown; ANIC • 1 spec.; Bellenden, Ker Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.9/lat -17.266666)">Cableway Base Station</a>; 100 a.s.l.; 17°16′ S, 145°54′ E; 25–31 Oct. 1981; rainforest, sieved litter; ANIC • 10 specs; same locality; 17–24 Oct. 1981; rainforest, sieved litter; ANIC • 3 specs; same data as for preceding; MKF • 2 specs; Bellenden, Ker Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.89993&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.27001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.89993/lat -17.27001)">Cableway Base Station</a>; 100 m a.s.l.; 17°16′12.04″ S, 145°53′59.76″ E; 25–31 Oct. 1981; rainforest, sieved litter; ANIC • 2 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.78334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.78334/lat -17.266666)">Mulgrave River Road</a>, 7 km SW of Bellenden, Ker; 60 m a.s.l.; 17°16′ S, 145°47′ E; 2 Apr. 1984; Calder and Weir leg.; rainforest; ANIC . – Cassowary Coast Region • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.1/lat -17.833334)">Mission Beach</a>; 10 m a.s.l.; 17°50′ S, 146°06′ E; 29 Jan.–4 Mar. 1996; Cermak leg.; Malaise trap; ANIC • 2 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.06667/lat -17.866667)">Mission Beach</a>; 40 m a.s.l.; 17°52′ S, 146°04′ E; 29 Jan.–4 Mar. 1996; Cermak leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 4 Mar.–1 Apr. 1996; Cermak leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC . Shire of Douglas • 2 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.46666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.46666/lat -16.083334)">2 km SSW of Cape Tribulation</a>; 10 m a.s.l.; 16°05′ S, 145°28′ E; 28 Feb.–27 Mar. 1996; Zborowski leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; 1 km WNW of Cape Tribulation; 10 m a.s.l.; 16°04′ S, 145°28′ E; 5 Dec. 1995 – 4 Jan. 1996; Umback leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; 2 km WSW of Cape Tribulation; 30 m a.s.l.; 16°05′ S, 145°27′ E; 4 Jan.–1 Feb. 1996; Umback leg.; pitfall trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 1–28 Feb. 1996; Umback leg.; pitfall trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 28 Feb.–27 Mar. 1996; Zborowski leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 4 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.46666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.46666/lat -16.05)">Cape Tribulation Area</a>; 16°03′ S, 145°28′ E; 1–11 May 1992; Lawrence leg.; leaf and log litter; ANIC • 2 specs; 45 km N of Port Douglas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.46666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.46666/lat -16.05)">Cape Tribulation</a>; 16°03′ S, 145°28′ E; 21–28 Mar. 1984; Calder and Weir leg.; lowland rainforest; ANIC • 2 specs; 40 km N of Daintree, Cape Tribulation; 10 m a.s.l.; 12 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, leaf and log litter; ANIC • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF • 1 spec.; Shire of Cook, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.783334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.28334/lat -15.783334)">Moses Creek</a> 4 km NE of Mount Finnigan; 15°47′ S, 145°17′ E; 14–16 Oct. 1980; Weir leg.; rainforest litter; ANIC • 1 spec.; Shire of Cook, 30 km S of Cooktown, Mt Finnigan; 400 m a.s.l.; 1 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest, litter and fungi; ANIC • 1 spec.; Kuranda, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.58333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.58333/lat -17.433332)">Black Mountain Road</a>; 390 m a.s.l.; 17°26′ S, 145°35′ E; 22 Jun. 1971; Feehan leg.; rainforest; ANIC • 1 spec.; Kuranda, Black Mountain Road; 350 m a.s.l.; 27 Jun. 1971; Feehan leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.15/lat -15.05)">Shire of Cook</a>, 3 km NE of Mount Webb; 15°03′ S, 145°09′ E; 1–3 Oct. 1980; Weir leg.; rainforest litter; ANIC • 3 specs; Shire of Cook, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.066667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.11667/lat -15.066667)">Cape York Peninsula</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.066667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.11667/lat -15.066667)">Mount Webb National Park</a>; 15°04′ S, 145°07′ E; 28–30 Sep. 1980; Weir leg.; rainforest litter; ANIC • 1 spec.; Shire of Douglas, Mossman Gorge National Park, 6 km SW of Mossman; 50 m a.s.l.; 11 Jul. 1982; S. and J. Peck leg.; rainforest leaf litter; ANIC • 3 specs; Shire of Douglas, Daintree, Pilgrims Sands; 10 m a.s.l.; 20–27 Jan. 1991; Hammond leg.; lowland tropical forest, flight interception trap; NHMUK • 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF • 2 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.716666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.28334/lat -12.716666)">Shire of Lockhart River</a>, 9 km ENE of Mount Tozer; 12°43′ S, 143°17′ E; 5–10 Jul. 1986; Weir leg.; rainforest litter; ANIC .</p><p>Description of holotype</p><p>Body oval, stout, 2.13 mm long; testaceous (Fig. 6A); elytra with dark maculae near middle and near apex; antennomeres 8–9 slightly and 7 very slightly darkened, antennomeres 10–11 whitish (Fig. 6D). Head (Fig. 6B) 0.36 mm long, 0.55 mm wide; frontal grooves distinct, deep, curved outwards toward posterior end, reaching middle of eyes; vertex with sparse punctation, punctures small; setae of very uneven lengths, directed straight forward, seta near end of each frontal groove almost as long as eyes, shortest setae only as long as two eye facet diameters; microsculpture absent; eyes large, strongly protruding, unevenly rounded, 0.16 mm long, eye distance 0.32 mm; temples absent, head narrowed immediately behind eyes, temple angle 83°; antennae (Fig. 6D) long, slender, length 1.29 mm, antennomere proportions 3.0: 1.1: 1.3: 1.4: 1.5: 1.4: 1.4:1.2: 1.1: 1.0: 2.7. Pronotum (Fig. 6C) 0.63 mm wide, 0.43 mm long, widest at anterior third; at anterior denticles 1.32 × as wide as at posterior denticles; very shallowly impressed near posterior margin; lateral margin slightly ridged between lateral teeth III and V, with distinct group of three anterior denticles and additional small denticles along anterior pronotal margin, lateral margin with distinct teeth; I small, only slightly larger than anterior denticles, II to IV of increasing length, V as large as III; posterior denticle distinct, slightly smaller than anterior denticles; punctation on pronotal disc slightly denser than on vertex, punctures somewhat smaller than eye facet diameter; setae on pronotal disc of very uneven lengths, directed anteromedially, longest setae about ³⁄5 as long as eyes, shortest 1.5 × as long as eye facet diameter.</p><p>Elytra (Fig. 6A) oval, 1.29 mm long, 0.94 mm wide, striae twice as wide as interstices, pubescence semierect, interstrial setae about twice as long as strial setae, even longer near elytral margins; interstice between 9 th and 11 th stria with distinct denticles near humerus; microsculpture absent. Male genitalia (Fig. 6 E–G) with wide median lobe, apex evenly rounded, in the shape of a half-circle, parameres short, stout, almost circular in ventral view, each with one very long and several shorter setae.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Australia (Queensland).</p><p>Biology</p><p>The species was found in flight intercept traps, in berlese funnels and in plant detritus.</p><p>Variation</p><p>Paratypes range in length: 1.96–2.45 mm. The elytral maculae differ considerably in size. In some specimens, only the 11 th antennomere is whitish.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Psammoecus australis sp. nov. is closely related to Psammoecus delicatus Grouvelle, 1908 and Psammoecus complexus Pal, 1985 . It can be distinguished from P. complexus by the distinctly different colouration, and from both species by the different shape of lateral pronotal teeth and male genitalia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BAF3BFF83BA52FDBDFB928750FC7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karner, Michael	Karner, Michael (2020): Taxonomic Studies on Australian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Brontinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 723: 135-158, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1149
038BAF3BFF9CBA56FDBEFC048039FBA9.text	038BAF3BFF9CBA56FDBEFC048039FBA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammoecus venustus Karner 2020	<div><p>Psammoecus venustus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2453FD2F-D632-4915-9692-ACFF3FE346B9</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The following combination of character states distinguishes this species: body length 2.32–3.14 mm; eyes moderately sized, evenly rounded; temples well developed, evenly rounded; frontal grooves parallel posteriorly, almost reaching middle of eyes; punctation on vertex sparse; pronotal punctation moderate; pronotal teeth short; lateral pronotal margin ridged; lateral elytral interstices with very long setae; median lobe slender, lancet-shaped; parameres slender, parallel-sided, curved.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet was chosen in reference to the beautiful habitus of this species.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AUSTRALIA • ♂; New South Wales, City of Shoalhaven, Kioloa State Forest; 4–5 Mar. 1986; Lawrence leg.; rainforest, leaf and log litter; ANIC.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>AUSTRALIA – New South Wales • 2 specs; Canberra, 3.5 km E of Piccadilly Circus ACT, Blundells Creek Road; 850 m a.s.l.; 27 Jan. 1982; Lawrence leg.; leaf and log litter; ANIC • 1 spec.; Sydney; ANIC • 10 specs; Armidale Dumaresq Council, Kookaburra, Carrai National Park; 943 m a.s.l.; 31°01′434″ S, 152°20′288″ E; 27–28 Oct. 2000; Podlussány leg.; HNHM • 1 spec.; Bellingen Shire, 6 km NNE of Raleigh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.01666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.01666/lat -30.4)">Pine Creek State Forest</a>; 30°24′ S, 153°01′ E; 16 Nov. 1976; Common and Edwards leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Blue Mountains, Mount Wilson; 14 Mar. 1978; HNHM • 1 spec.; Bombala Council, 4 km NE of Wog Wog, 17 km SE of Bombala; 31°04′30″ S, 149°28′00″ E; Oct. 1995; Milkovits leg.; pitfall trap; HNHM • 4 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.3/lat -33.316666)">Central Coast Council</a>, 5 km N Somersby; 33°19′ S, 151°18′ E; 12 May 1991; Gush leg.; leaf litter; ANIC • 3 specs; Central Coast Council, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.31667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.31667/lat -33.383335)">Strickland State Forest</a>; 33°23′ S, 151°19′ E; 26 May 1991; Gush leg.; leaf litter; ANIC • 1 spec.; City of Blue Mountains, Wentworth Falls; 16 Jan. 1909; Bryant leg.; NHMUK • 1 spec.; City of Coffs Harbour, Bruxner Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.1/lat -30.233334)">Park Creek</a> Picknick site; 30°14′ S, 153°06′ E; 6 Apr. 1993; Reid leg.; rainforest, beaten from vegetation; ANIC • 1 spec.; City of Coffs Harbour, Bruxner Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.08333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.08333/lat -30.233334)">Park Creek</a> Picknick site; 30°14′ S, 153°05′ E; 8 Apr. 1993; Reid leg.; rainforest, beaten from vegetation; ANIC • 1 spec.; City of Maitland, Brown Mountain, Rutherford Creek; 15 Jan. 1969; Curtis leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; City of Shoalhaven, Barrengarry Mountain; 460 m a.s.l.; 28 Dec. 1966; rainforest, leaf mould; ANIC • 1 spec.; City of Shoalhaven, Barrengarry Mountain, 24 km SE of Mossvale; 600 m a.s.l.; 29 Aug. 1982; S and J Peck leg.; rainforest, log and leaf litter; ANIC • 1 spec.; City of Shoalhaven, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.4/lat -35.5)">Bawley Point</a>; 35°30′ S, 150°24′ E; 14 Nov. 1993; Rentz and MacCarron leg.; at light; MKF • 1 spec.; Dungog Shire, Upper Allyn Road; 22 Apr. 1970; Colless leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Dungog Shire, Upper Williams River; Oct. 1926; Lea and Wilson leg.; ANIC • 3 specs; Eurobodalla Shire, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=159.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 159.95/lat -33.55)">Buckenbowra State Forest</a>; 33°33′ S, 159°57′ E; 22 Dec. 1991; Gush leg.; moist debris in creek; ANIC • 1 spec.; Illawarra; 13 Sep. 1908; Bryant leg.; NHMUK • 1 spec.; same locality; 27 Sep. 1908; Bryant leg.; NHMUK • 2 specs; same locality; 2 Oct. 1908; Bryant leg.; NHMUK, 1 spm; same data as for preceding; MKF • 4 specs; same locality; Oct. 1908; Bryant leg.; NHMUK • 1 spec.; same locality; Nov. 1908; Bryant leg.; NHMUK • 3 specs; Kyogle Council, Acacia Plateau; Armstrong leg.; ANIC • 4 specs; Mid North Coast, Kerewong; 21 Dec. 1978; HNHM • 2 specs; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.31667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.31667/lat -32.266666)">Mid-Coast Council</a>, 3 km NE of Wootton; 32°16′ S, 152°19′ E; 22 Sep. 1991; Gush leg.; leaf litter at edge of river; ANIC • 1 spec.; Mid-Coast Council, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.51666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.51666/lat -31.733334)">Landsdowne State Forest</a>; 31°44′ S, 152°31′ E; 22 May 1992; Gush leg.; creek debris; ANIC • 1 spec.; Mid-Coast Council, Taree, 3 km N of Landsdowne; 19–26 Sep. 1992; Williams leg.; riparian rainforest, Malaise trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Mid-Coast Council, Lorien Wildlife Refuge, Landsdowne, Taree; Dec. 1986; H. and A. Howden leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Mid-Coast Council, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.333332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.25/lat -32.333332)">Wang Wauk State Forest</a>; 32°20′ S, 152°15′ E; 22 Sep. 1991; Gush leg.; leaf litter in creek bed; ANIC • 1 spec.; Municipality of Kiama, 13 km W of Kiama, Jamberoo Pass; 27 Feb. 1969; Britton, Upton and Misko leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council, Clyde Mountain; 750 m a.s.l.; 4 Dec. 1967; Taylor and Brooks leg.; wet sclerophyll; ANIC • 1 spec.; Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council, 6 km SSE of Monga; Oct. 1989; Reid leg.; beating RF bushes; ANIC • 1 spec.; Queanbeyan-Palerang, 4 km N of Mongarlowe; 25 May 1991; Reid leg.; on shrubs by river; ANIC • 1 spec.; Southern Tablelands Region, Clyde Mountain; 16 Mar. 1977; Moore leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Southern Tablelands Region, Clyde Mountain, Cabbage Tree Creek; 27 Sep. 1979; Naumann and Cardale leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Tenterfield Shire Council, Unumgar S. F., Grevillia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.75/lat -28.45)">Coxs Road</a>; 580 m a.s.l.; 28°27′ S, 152°45′ E; 2–11 Jan. 1987; Newton and Thayer leg.; subtropical rainforest, flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Tenterfield Shire Council, Unumgar S. F., near Woodenbong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.66667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.66667/lat -28.4)">Pole Bridge Road</a>; 430 m a.s.l.; 28°24′ S, 152°40′ E; 2–11 Jan. 1987; Newton and Thayer leg.; dry rainforest (Araucaria, Eucalyptus), flight intercept trap; ANIC. – Queensland • 1 spec.; Atherton Tableland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.61667/lat -17.3)">Eacham National Park</a>; 760 m a.s.l.; 17°18′ S, 145°37′ E; 20 Feb. 1973; Taylor leg.; rainforest; ANIC • 1 spec.; Cairns Region, 22 km from Cairns, Whitfield Road; 670 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 1971; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Cassowary Coast Region, Cardstone; 10 Dec. 1966; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 2 specs; Cassowary Coast Region, Tully Falls; 15 Dec. 1976; Walford-Huggins leg.; NHMUK • 1 spec.; Charters Towers Region, 19 km W of Paluma, Ewan Road; 6 Jan. 1966; J.G. and J.A.G. Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Charters Towers Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.15/lat -18.916666)">Mount Spec</a>; 880 m a.s.l.; 18°55 S, 146°09′ E; 8 May–5 Jun. 1995; Cermak leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 5 Jun.–3 Jul. 1995; Cermak leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 4 Sep.–1 Oct. 1995; Cermak leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 1 Oct.–4 Nov. 1995; Cermak leg.; flight intercept trap; MKF • 3 specs; same locality; 4 Nov.–1 Dec. 1995; Cermak leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Charters Towers Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.16667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.16667/lat -18.916666)">Mount Spec</a>; 880 m a.s.l.; 18°55 S, 146°10′ E; 9 Mar.–6 Apr. 1995; Cermak leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 3 specs; same locality; 4 Nov.–1 Dec. 1995; Cermak leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; City of Townsville, Townsville; Jul. 1921; Carter leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; City of Townsville, 6 km WNW of Paluma, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.16667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.16667/lat -18.983334)">Birthday Creek</a>; 18°59′ S, 146°10′ E; 25 Sep. 1980; Weir leg.; leaf and log litter; ANIC • 1 spec.; Hichinbrook Shire Council, Ingham; 22–28 Mar. 1965; Balogh leg.; HNHM • 1 spec.; Mackay Region, Eungella; Naumann and Cardale leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Moreton Bay Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.76666/lat -27.333334)">Miala National Park</a>; 27°20′ S, 152°46′ E; 13 Mar. 1973; rainforest; ANIC • 1 spec.; Moreton Bay Region, Mount Glorious; 630 m a.s.l.; 14 Nov. 1986 – 30 Jan. 1987; Hiller leg.; rainforest, flight intercept trough trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Scenic Rim Region, Joalah National Park, Tamborine Mountain; 23 Jul. 1976; Lawrence leg.; litter and flood debris; ANIC • 2 specs; Shire of Mareeba, Kuranda; May 1970; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Shire of Mareeba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.56667/lat -17.616667)">Massey Creek</a>; 1000 m a.s.l.; 17°37′ S, 135°34′ E; 2 Jun.–4 Jul. 1995; Zborowski leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 4 Jul.–2Aug. 1995; Zborowski leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; same locality; 2–30 Nov. 1995; Umback leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 3 specs; Shire of Mareeba, Kuranda, Lamb Range; 23 May 1970; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Shire of Mareeba, Windsor Tableland, Mt Carbine; 9 Sep.–4 Nov. 1976; Storey leg.; rainforest, pitfall trap; NHMUK • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, Evelyn; May 1954; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.48334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.48334/lat -17.45)">Hugh Nelson Range</a>; 17°27′ S, 145°29′ E; 30 Nov. 1993; Umback leg.; flight intercept trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, Wongabel S.F., 6 km S of Atherton; 1 Dec. 1983 – 9 Jan. 1984; Storey and Brown leg.; flight intercept trap; NHMUK • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, Barrine National Park; 760 m a.s.l.; 21 Mar. 1975; Taylor leg.; ANIC • 2 specs; Tablelands Region, 8 km N of Gillies Highway, Boar Pocket Road; 13 Dec. 1969; Brooks leg.; leaf litter; ANIC • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, Danbulla, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.65/lat -17.166666)">Cathedral Fig</a>; 17°10′ S, 145°39′ E; 25 Jun. 1992; Reid leg.; beaten from rainforest trees and vines; ANIC • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, Sm. Tinaroo Falls, Danbulla Road; 26 Apr. 1967; Colless leg.; at light; ANIC • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, Mount Baldy near Atherton, Forest Reserve No. 194; 1200 m a.s.l.; 5 Dec. 1968; Britton and Misko leg.; rainforest; MKF • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, Lake Barrine; 720 m a.s.l.; 25 Feb. 1970; Brooks leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, Wongabel State Forest, via Atherton; 19–20 May 1970; Naumann and Cardale leg.; ANIC • 1 spec.; Tablelands Region, Alberton, Wongabel State Forest; 19–20 May 1980; Naumann and Cardale leg.; MKF • 7 specs; Townsville City, Townsville; 16–22 Mar. 1965; Balogh leg.; HNHM. – Victoria • 1 spec.; Shire of East Gippsland, Croajingolong National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=149.68333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 149.68333/lat -37.516666)">South-West Arm Road</a>, 11 km NW of Mallacoota; 20 m a.s.l.; 37°31′ S, 149°41′ E; 10–23 Feb. 1993; Newton and Thayer leg.; Banksia woodland, window trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Shire of East Gippsland, Lind National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.95/lat -37.566666)">Euchre Valley</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.95/lat -37.566666)">Olive Branch Creek</a>; 140 m a.s.l.; 37°34′ S, 148°57′ E; 10–23 Feb. 1993; Newton and Thayer leg.; riparian forest, window trap; ANIC • 1 spec.; Shire of East Gippsland, 12 km N of Orbost, Bonang Highway, Young’s Creek; 9 Nov. 1976; Colless and Liepa leg.; ANIC • 2 specs; South Gippsland Shire, Wilson’s Promontory National Park, Lilly Pilly Tr. VIC; 14 May 1978; S. and J. Peck leg.; ANIC .</p><p>Description of holotype</p><p>Body (Fig. 7A) elongate, length 2.71 mm; yellowish brown; head piceous, pronotum piceous, narrow region at anterior margin lighter brown, wider, distinctly yellowish brown region across posterior margin, elytra with piceous maculae: humeral area, irregular maculae near middle, and apex dark, scutellar shield piceous, antennomeres 8–10 darkened, antennomere 11 lighter; middle of tibiae slightly darkened. Head (Fig. 7B) 0.4 mm long, 0.64 mm wide; frontal grooves distinct, deep, converging anteriorly, parallel posteriorly, almost reaching middle of eyes; vertex with sparse punctation; punctures distinctly smaller than eye facet diameter,somewhat longitudinally stretched;setae of variable length, mostly about 1/3 as long as eyes, directed anteromedially; microsculpture absent; eyes of moderate size, evenly rounded, 0.18 mm long, eye distance 0.4 mm; temples distinct, long, well rounded, temple angle 55°; antennae (Fig. 7D) long, slender, 1.69 mm long, antennomere proportions 2.9: 1.0: 1.4:1.5: 1.6: 1.4: 1.4: 1.2: 1.1: 1.1:2.3. Pronotum (Fig. 7C) 1.1 × as wide as long, widest at anterior quarter; at anterior denticles 1.3 × as wide as at posterior denticles; lateral margin almost straight along posterior ¾, with ridge between anterior and posterior denticles; anterior end of ridge curved medially, 0.63 mm wide, 0.57 mm long, with group of three anterior denticles, lateral margin with distinct, short teeth, I slightly larger than II–IV, posterior denticle very distinct, almost as large as I, punctation on pronotal disc moderate, punctures slightly larger and denser, as on vertex; slightly stretched longitudinally; setae as on vertex, directed anteromedially; microsculpture absent. Elytra (Fig. 7A) elongate oval, widest at middle, 1.60 mm long, 1.04 mm wide, striae about as wide as interstices, pubescence strial setae 1/3 to 1/2 as long as interstrial setae; lateral insterstices with very long, erect setae; microsculpture absent. Male genitalia (Fig. 7 E–G) with slender, lancet shaped median lobe, internal sac with numerous small denticles and long, curved ductus; parameres long, slender, parallel-sided, slightly curved medially, with two large apical setae and numerous setae along the inner margins.</p><p>Variation</p><p>Paratypes range in length from 2.32 mm to 3.14 mm. The elytral colouration varies considerably in the size of the dark maculae, but with the general pattern of colouration present in all specimens. The colour of head and pronotum ranges from entirely testaceous to piceous. The 10 th antennomere is often whitish, like the 11 th.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Australia (Canberra, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria).</p><p>Biology</p><p>The species was found on plants, in plant detritus, in flight intercept and pitfall traps and and only once at light.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species somewhat resembles Psammoecus felix (Waterhouse, 1876), described from Sri Lanka. Psammoecus venustus differs distinctly in colouration, in the shape of the male genitalia, and in the structure of the frontal grooves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BAF3BFF9CBA56FDBEFC048039FBA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karner, Michael	Karner, Michael (2020): Taxonomic Studies on Australian Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae, Brontinae). European Journal of Taxonomy 723: 135-158, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1149
