taxonID	type	description	language	source
038BC66EFFD59655F7ABFC02FB27F978.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Anaxius obesus Fåhraeus, 1870; by monotypy.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD59655F7ABFC02FB27F978.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. According to Koch’s (1958) hypothesis, this genus is close to Aptila Fåhraeus, 1870 and Asidodema Koch, 1958 based on pronotal shape (subparallel sided; flat disc) and male terminalia (relatively short tegmen; clavae as large as penis). All three genera were previously classified within a single subtribe Aptilina. From Aptila and Asidodema, Anaxius can be distinguished by having widened protarsi and the apical segment of the maxillary palpus enlarged in males. Moreover, it differs from Aptila by the lack of scale-like vestiture on the upper surface of the body, while the relatively reduced prosternum differentiates it from Asidodema (see Koch 1958). Species included (7). bloubergensis sp. nov., campbellae Koch, 1958, limpopoensis sp. nov., meletsensis sp. nov., obesus Fåhraeus, 1870, prozeskyi Koch, 1958, pseudoloensus sp. nov.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD59655F7ABFC02FB27F978.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Representatives of this genus have been collected in the following ecoregions of Namibia, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe (Fig. 5): Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands, and forests; Highveld grasslands; Kalahari xeric savanna; Southern Africa bushveld; and Southern Miombo woodlands. Anaxius was recorded from localities distributed between 874 and 1544 meters in elevation (Fig. 6).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD59655F7ABFC02FB27F978.taxon	description	Note. During the present investigation 49 Anaxius specimens were studied. Among this number a total of three females was identified. Because of this the following key includes only the male morphology.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD69650F7ABFD42FB11FE02.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 A, 2 E, F, 3 A, 5)	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD69650F7ABFD42FB11FE02.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype, male (TMSA): “ S. Afr.; Limpopo Prov. / Blouberg Nat. Res. / 22.59 S – 29.08 E ”, “ 25 – 27.11.2016 E-Y: 3987 / day, sandy bushveld / leg. Ruth Müller ”. Paratypes, 3 males (TMSA): same data as holotype; male (TMSA) and male (MIZ PAN): “ S. Afr.; Limpopo Prov. Blouberg NR North / dd 22 98 S, dd 29.12 E ”, “ 6.12.2012; 866 m, BLN 1 / Roodeberg Bushveld / leg. Colin Schoeman ”; male (MIZ PAN): “ Blouberg NR / Rodeberg Bushveld / - 22.98; 29.12 ”, “ leg. Colin Schoeman / BLN 7 c / I ”.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD69650F7ABFD42FB11FE02.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the type locality, Blouberg Nature Reserve (Limpopo, South Africa).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD69650F7ABFD42FB11FE02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all other congeners by a unique structure of pro- (first tarsomere extremely widened, following tarsomeres narrow; Fig. 1 A), mesotarsi (first tarsomere widened; Fig. 2 F), mesotibiae (flattened laterally; protruding outwards apically; Fig. 2 F), and aedeagal tegmen (without basal gap; Fig. 3 A).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD69650F7ABFD42FB11FE02.taxon	description	Description. Body — length = 8.0 - 9.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 1 A. Dorsal side of head covered with fine confluent punctures (0.5 – 1.0 diameters apart). Frontoclypeal suture rough. Canthus rounded at base; narrower than head at level of eyes. Clypeal emargination shallow (clypeal emargination width: depth ratio ca. 8.0). Labrum narrow (width: length ratio ca. 1.1); strongly emarginate medially; with basal membrane exposed. Ligula exposed, not covered by mentum. Mentum widest in apical part; with well-developed medial keel; with exposed lateral lobes; not covering cardo or basistipes; apically with median indentation. Submentum pentagonal; short. Apical segment of maxillary palpus trapezoidal; with sensory field occupying whole proximal edge. Second segment of maxillary palpus elongate (length: width ratio ca. 2.4). Palpifer located laterally on basistipes. Anterior tentorial pit circular. Eye not dorsally shielded by any keel. Margin between maxillary fossa and antenna insertion well marked. Antenna relatively long (antenna: pronotum length ratio ca. 1.4); third antennomere short (3 rd: 2 nd antennomere length ratio ca. 3.0); fifth antennomere elongated (length: width ratio ca. 2.0). Pronotum narrower than elytra (elytra: pronotum width ratio ca. 1.3); relatively narrow (length: width ratio of pronotal disc ca. 0.7); disc dull, covered with fine punctures (3 – 4 diameters apart). Lateral sides of pronotal disc straight. Disc widest in basal half; without apophyseal depressions. Basal and lateral emargination of pronotal disc present; anterior interrupted in middle. Base of pronotum straight. Posterior angles not protruding beyond base. Pronotal hypomeron dull; without punctures; covered with very fine longitudinal rugosities; without submarginal indentation. Intercoxal process of prosternum depressed apically (lateral view); apically with oval depression on ventral surface; slightly protruding towards first abdominal segment. Procoxae narrowly separated (procoxa: intercoxal process width ratio ca. 2.0). Elytral striae and intervals not clearly visible. Elytron covered by shiny tubercles (0.1 diameters apart) displayed on dull surface. 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th intervals protruding on disc; transforming into sparsely (1 – 2 diameters apart) distributed, large, tubercles on elytral apex. Elytral base straight; not emarginate. Elytral humerus rounded. Epipleuron slightly narrowing apically, then of constant width; basally covering all elytral intervals (ventral view). Scutellum relatively large; triangular. Metathoracic wings absent. Metaventrite extremely short (metacoxal cavity: metaventrite (between insertions of meso- and metacoxae) length ratio ca. 10.0). Process of first abdominal ventrite wide (distances between mesocoxae: metacoxae ratio ca. 0.9). Fifth abdominal ventrite without submarginal sulcus; covered with fine punctures (4 – 5 diameters apart). Male pro- and mesotarsi with basal tarsomere widened. Protibia with deep longitudinal cavity. Profemora simple. Mesotibiae flattened laterally; protruding outwards apically. Mesofemora with internal extension in apical part. Metatibia and metafemora with fringe of setae distributed on whole length. Metatibia curved inwards. First tarsomere of metatarsi elongated (1.5 × longer than 4 th one). Length of metatarsus equal to half of metatibial length. Aedeagal tegmen widest in middle; unipartite; without basal gap. Apical part divided (up to 0.15 of whole tegmen length). Clava straight. Penis of even width along most of its length; with apical part not covered by tegmen, exposed dorsally. Basal apophyses of penis relatively short (ca. 0.4 of whole tegmen length).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD69650F7ABFD42FB11FE02.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregions of South Africa (Fig. 5): Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests; and Southern African bushveld.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD09652F7ABFDC2FB08FDEA.taxon	description	The studied female specimen was classified within this species based on the presence of orange bristles on the elytra, which seems to be a unique feature of A. campbellae.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD09652F7ABFDC2FB08FDEA.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Anaxius campbellae Koch, 1958, holotype, male (TMSA): “ Pienaars / River, 1898. / v. Jutrzencka ”, “ 182 ”, “ HOLTYPE / Anaxius / CAMPBELLAE ”. Paratype, male (TMSA): “ Plat River. I, II:, 1903 / (Jutrzencka) ”.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD09652F7ABFDC2FB08FDEA.taxon	materials_examined	Other material, 3 males (TMSA): “ S. AFRICA, TVL / 25 km W Pretoria / 23 – 29. XI. 1984 / H & A Howden ”; male (TMSA): “ S. Afr.: Transvaal / Pienaars River 8 km / 25.17 S – 28.17 E, 28.12.1994; E-Y 3234, on ground / leg. CL Bellamy ”; male (TMSA): “ 6.12.2012; 862 m; BLS 5 / Roodeberg Bushveld / leg Colin Schoeman ”, “ S. Afr.: Limpopo Prov / Blouberg NR South / dd 23.03 S, dd 29.10 E ”; male (TMSA): “ S. Afr.: N Province / Blouberg / 23.03 S – 29.04 E ”, “ savana: 26.11.1996 / at light / Krüger, Dombrowsky ”; male (TMSA): “ 4.12.2012; GON 5 / Soutpansberg / Mountain Bushveld / leg. Colin Schoeman ”, “ S. Afr.; Limpopo Prov / Gondeni; 871 m / dd 22 91 S dd 30 03 E ”; female (TMSA): “ Bulawayo / S. Rhodesia / 9. I. 1923 / Rhodesia / Museum ”.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD09652F7ABFDC2FB08FDEA.taxon	description	Redescription. Body — length = 5.5 – 7.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 1 B. Dorsal side of head covered with confluent punctures. Frontoclypeal suture smooth. Canthus rounded at base; narrower than head at level of eyes. Clypeal emargination shallow (clypeal emargination width: depth ratio ca. 9.0). Labrum wide (width: length ratio ca. 1.9); slightly emarginate medially; with basal membrane exposed. Ligula exposed, not covered by mentum. Mentum widest in apical part; with well-developed medial keel; with exposed lateral lobes; not covering cardo or basistipes; apically with median indentation. Submentum pentagonal; short. Apical segment of maxillary palpus trapezoidal; with sensory field occupying whole proximal edge. Second segment of maxillary palpus elongate (length: width ratio ca. 2.6). Palpifer located laterally on basistipes. Anterior tentorial pit circular. Eye not dorsally shielded by any keel. Margin between maxillary fossa and antennal insertion well marked. Antenna relatively long (antenna: pronotum length ratio ca. 1.7); third antennomere short (3 rd: 2 nd antennomere length ratio ca. 2.5); fifth antennomere elongated (length: width ratio ca. 2.0). Pronotum slightly narrower than elytra (elytra: pronotum width ratio ca. 1.2); relatively narrow (length: width ratio of pronotal disc ca. 0.8); disc shiny, covered with confluent punctures and sparse orange bristles. Lateral sides of pronotal disc straight at basal half. Disc without apophyseal depressions. Basal, anterior, and lateral emargination of pronotal disc present. Base of pronotum straight. Posterior angles not protruding beyond base. Pronotal hypomeron dull; covered with very fine longitudinal rugosities; without submarginal indentation. Intercoxal process of prosternum not depressed apically (lateral view); slightly protruding towards first abdominal segment. Procoxae narrowly separated (procoxa: intercoxal process width ratio ca. 2.0). Elytral striae visible as nine rows of slightly impressed depressions on each elytron. Intervals covered by coarse and confluent punctures, and sparse orange bristles, that become denser on lateral intervals. Elytral base straight; not emarginate. Elytral humerus rounded. Epipleuron slightly narrowing apically, then of constant width; basally covering all elytral intervals (ventral view). Scutellum relatively large; triangular. Metathoracic wings absent. Metaventrite extremely short (metacoxal cavity: metaventrite (between insertions of meso- and metacoxae) length ratio ca. 10.0); with rounded tubercle in middle (Fig. 2 H). Process of first abdominal ventrite wide (distances between mesocoxae: metacoxae ratio ca. 0.9). Fifth abdominal ventrite without submarginal sulcus; covered with fine punctures (4 – 5 diameters apart). Male protarsus widened, with subsequent tarsomeres slightly narrower. Protibia with shallow longitudinal cavity. Pro- and metafemora simple. Mesofemora with apical tooth. Meso- and metatibia curved. Metatibia with fringe of setae distributed on whole length. Female legs simple. First tarsomere of metatarsi elongated (1.7 × longer than 4 th one). Length of metatarsus equals to 0.75 of metatibial length. Aedeagal tegmen narrowing along middle; bipartite; apically curved (lateral view). Apical part slightly divided (up to 0.10 of whole tegmen length). Clava narrowed and curved in apex. Penis of even width along most of its length; with apical part not covered by tegmen, nor exposed dorsally. Basal apophyses of penis relatively short (ca. 0.4 of whole tegmen length). Ovipositor (Fig. 4) relatively short (body: ovipositor length ratio ca. 3.0). Paraproct much longer than coxites (paraproct: coxites length ratio ca. 1.8); triangular, not shielding valvifer or any other lobes of coxites. Valvifer and second lobe slightly transverse, while third one triangular. Fourth lobe rounded, situated dorsally. Gonostylus located on dorsal side of fourth lobe. Vagina and bursa copulatrix without sclerites. Spermatheca sac-like. Proctiger covering nearly whole ventral side of ovipositor.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD09652F7ABFDC2FB08FDEA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregions of South Africa and Zimbabwe (Fig. 5): Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests; and Southern Africa bushveld.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD29653F7ABFD9BFEC7FD5A.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 C, 3 C, 5)	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD29653F7ABFD9BFEC7FD5A.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype, male (TMSA): “ S. Afr.; Limpopo Prov. / Lindani Nat. Res 1336 m / 24.02 S – 28.23 E ”, “ 8.12.2005; E-Y: 3687 / single, bushveld / leg. Gusmann, Müller ”. Paratypes, male (TMSA) and male (MIZ PAN): same data as holotype; 2 males (TMSA): “ S. Afr. Limpopo Prov. / Mabote farm / 24.07 S 28.39 E ”, “ 14.11.2009 / Leg. Ruth Müller ”; male (TMSA) “ S. Afr.; Limpopo Prov. / 25 km N Mookgophong / 24.25 S – 28.41 E ”, “ 12 – 15.1.2014 E-Y: 3951 / mixed moodland 1185 m / leg. Ruth Müller ”; male (TMSA): “ S. Afr.; Limpopo Prov. / Waterberg Game Res. / 24.11 S – 28.20 E ”, “ 4 – 7.11.2002 / leg. B. Dombrowsky ”.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD29653F7ABFD9BFEC7FD5A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the type locality, Limpopo Province (South Africa).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD29653F7ABFD9BFEC7FD5A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to A. prozeskyi by having relatively narrow protarsi in males (like in Fig. 1 F), strongly depressed apical part of the intercoxal process of prosternum (lateral view), and dorsal body surface covered with soft and dense bristles, with additional stiff and black setae on elytra (Fig. 1 C, F). Anaxius limpopoensis can be easily distinguished by having simple mesotibia (curved in limpopoensis; flattened apically, protruding in middle in prozeskyi) profemora (with fringe of bristles on underside in prozeskyi), and mesofemora (with prominent denticle in prozeskyi).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD29653F7ABFD9BFEC7FD5A.taxon	description	Description. Body — length = 5.0 – 7.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 1 C. Dorsal side of head covered with fine confluent punctures (0.5 – 1.0 diameters apart) and fine yellow bristles. Frontoclypeal suture smooth. Canthus rounded at base; narrower than head at level of eyes. Clypeal emargination shallow (clypeal emargination width: depth ratio ca. 9.0). Labrum wide (width: length ratio ca. 1.5); shallowly emarginate medially; with basal membrane exposed. Ligula exposed, not covered by mentum. Mentum widest in apical part; with well-developed medial keel; with exposed lateral lobes; not covering cardo or basistipes; apically with median indentation. Submentum pentagonal; short. Apical segment of maxillary palpus trapezoidal; with sensory field occupying whole proximal edge. Second segment of maxillary palpus elongate (length: width ratio ca. 2.3). Palpifer located laterally on basistipes. Anterior tentorial pit circular. Eye not dorsally shielded by any keel. Margin between maxillary fossa and antenna insertion well marked. Antenna relatively long (antenna: pronotum length ratio ca. 1.6); third antennomere short (3 rd: 2 nd antennomere length ratio ca. 3.0); fifth antennomere relatively short (length: width ratio ca. 2.0). Pronotum narrower than elytra (elytra: pronotum width ratio ca. 1.3); relatively narrow (length: width ratio of pronotal disc ca. 0.7); disc dull, covered with confluent punctures (space between punctures shiny) and yellow bristles, which are becoming denser in posterior anges. Lateral sides of pronotal disc rounded. Disc widest in middle; without apophyseal depressions; with basal depressions. Basal, anterior and lateral emargination of pronotal disc present. Base of pronotum slightly bisinuate. Posterior angles not protruding beyond base. Pronotal hypomeron dull; with fine punctures; covered yellow bristles; without submarginal indentation. Intercoxal process of prosternum depressed apically (lateral view); not protruding towards first abdominal segment. Procoxae narrowly separated (procoxa: intercoxal process width ratio ca. 2.0). Elytral striae and intervals not visibly distinguishable. Elytron covered by confluent punctures, yellow hair, which become more dense closer to elytral suture and epipleuron, and additional stiff and black setae (Fig. 1 C). Elytral base slightly bisinuate; not emarginate. Elytral humerus rounded. Epipleuron slightly narrowing apically, then of constant width; basally covering all elytral intervals (ventral view). Scutellum relatively large; triangular. Metathoracic wings absent. Metaventrite extremely short (metacoxal cavity: metaventrite (between insertions of meso- and metacoxae) length ratio ca. 10.0). Process of first abdominal ventrite wide (distances between mesocoxae: metacoxae ratio ca. 0.9). Fifth abdominal ventrite without submarginal sulcus; covered with fine punctures (4 – 5 diameters apart). Male protarsi relatively narrow. Protibia with shallow median cavity on inner side. Pro- and mesofemora simple. Meso- and meta curved; with fringe of setae distributed on whole length. Metafemora with fringe of setae distributed along whole length; with three spines. First tarsomere of metatarsi elongated (1.5 × longer than 4 th one). Metatarsus nearly as long as metatibia. Aedeagal tegmen widest in middle; bipartite. Apical part divided (up to 0.15 of whole tegmen length). Clava straight. Penis of even width along most of its length; with apical part not covered by tegmen, exposed dorsally. Basal apophyses of penis relatively short (ca. 0.4 of whole tegmen length).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD29653F7ABFD9BFEC7FD5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregion of South Africa (Fig. 5): Southern Africa bushveld.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD3965CF7ABF9D2FEC7F96A.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 D, 2 G, I, 3 D, 5)	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD3965CF7ABF9D2FEC7F96A.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype, male (TMSA): “ S. Afr.; Limpopo Prov. / Meletse Reserve 1003 m / 24.36 S – 27.39 E ”, “ 27.11.2014; E-Y: 3954 / on ground, bushveld / leg. Ruth Müller ”. Paratypes, 2 males and female (TMSA) and male (MIZ PAN): same data as holotype. Other material, female (TMSA): “ S. Afr.: Waterberg / Geelhoutbush farm / 24.22 S – 27.33 E ”, “ 3.10.1955; E-Y: 3143 / singled / Endrödy & Bellamy ”.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD3965CF7ABF9D2FEC7F96A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the type locality, Meletse Reserve (Limpopo, South Africa).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD3965CF7ABF9D2FEC7F96A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to A. obesus by having, inter alia, protibia with deep metian cavity (visible laterally) (Fig. 2 G), widened protarsus, with subsequent tarsomeres slightly narrower, and not apically depressed intercoxal process of prostenum (lateral view). Anaxius meletsensis can be easily distinguished by having simple mesofemora (with preapical denticle in obesus) and metafemora (with fringe of bristles on underside in obesus). Moreover, some differences might be observed in the structure of the metatibae of both species, which are curved in the middle in meletsensis (Fig. 1 D), and more basally in obesus (Fig. 1 E).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD3965CF7ABF9D2FEC7F96A.taxon	description	Description. Body — length = 7.0 – 7.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 1 D. Dorsal side of head covered with confluent punctures. Frontoclypeal suture smooth. Canthus rounded at base; narrower than head at level of eyes. Clypeal emargination shallow (clypeal emargination width: depth ratio ca. 9.0). Labrum wide (width: length ratio ca. 1.9); slightly emarginate medially; with basal membrane exposed. Ligula exposed, not covered by mentum. Mentum widest in apical part; with well-developed medial keel; with exposed lateral lobes; not covering cardo or basistipes; apically with median indentation. Submentum pentagonal; short. Apical segment of maxillary palpus trapezoidal; with sensory field occupying whole proximal edge. Second segment of maxillary palpus elongate (length: width ratio ca. 2.6). Palpifer located laterally on basistipes. Anterior tentorial pit circular. Eye not dorsally shielded by any keel. Margin between maxillary fossa and antenna insertion well marked. Antenna relatively long (antenna: pronotum length ratio ca. 1.7); third antennomere short (3 rd: 2 nd antennomere length ratio ca. 3.0); fifth antennomere elongated (length: width ratio ca. 2.0). Pronotum slightly narrower than elytra (elytra: pronotum width ratio ca. 1.2); relatively narrow (length: width ratio of pronotal disc ca. 0.9); disc shiny, covered with fine punctures (0.5 – 1.0 diameters apart). Lateral sides of pronotal disc straight at basal half. Disc without apophyseal depressions. Basal, anterior, and lateral emargination of pronotal disc present. Base of pronotum straight. Posterior angles not protruding beyond base. Pronotal hypomeron dull; covered with very fine longitudinal rugosities; without submarginal indentation. Intercoxal process of prosternum not depressed apically (lateral view); apically with oval depression on ventral surface; slightly protruding towards first abdominal segment. Procoxae narrowly separated (procoxa: intercoxal process width ratio ca. 2.0). Five elytral intervals finely marked; remaining ones indistinguishable. Elytron covered by fine punctures (0.1 diameters apart; sometimes confluent). Elytral base straight; not emarginate. Elytral humerus rounded. Epipleuron slightly narrowing apically, then of constant width; basally covering all elytral intervals (ventral view). Scutellum relatively large; triangular. Metathoracic wings absent. Metaventrite extremely short (metacoxal cavity: metaventrite (between insertions of meso- and metacoxae) length ratio ca. 10.0); with longitudinal process at middle in males (Fig. 2 I). Process of first abdominal ventrite wide (distances between mesocoxae: metacoxae ratio ca. 0.9). Fifth abdominal ventrite without submarginal sulcus; covered with fine punctures (4 – 5 diameters apart). Male protarsus widened, with subsequent tarsomeres slightly narrower. Protibia with deep longitudinal cavity. Mesotibiae, profemora, mesofemora, and metafemora simple. Metafemora similar to that of A. obesus. Female legs simple. First tarsomere of metatarsi elongated (1.7 × longer than 4 th one). Length of metatarsus equal to 0.75 of metatibial length. Aedeagal tegmen widest in middle; unipartite; with wide basal gap. Apical part slightly divided (up to 0.10 of whole tegmen length). Clava straight. Penis of even width along most of its length; with apical part not covered by tegmen, exposed dorsally. Basal apophyses of penis relatively short (ca. 0.4 of whole tegmen length). Ovipositor relatively short (body: ovipositor length ratio ca. 3.0). Paraproct much longer than coxites (paraproct: coxites length ratio ca. 1.8); triangular, not shielding valvifer or any other lobes of coxites. Valvifer and second lobe slightly transverse, while third one triangular. Fourth lobe rounded, situated dorsally. Gonostylus located on dorsal side of fourth lobe. Vagina and bursa copulatrix without sclerites. Spermatheca sac-like. Proctiger covering nearly whole ventral side of ovipositor.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFD3965CF7ABF9D2FEC7F96A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregion of South Africa (Fig. 5): Southern Africa bushveld.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDC965EF7ABF916FDE4FE7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Lectotype, designated here, male (TMSA): “ Caffra- / ria ”. Paralectotype, male (TMSA): same data as holotype. Other material, male (TMSA): " Lichtenburg / Transvaal / Dr. Brauns ", male (TMSA): " Plansberg / XI. 1950 / P. L. Breutz "; 2 males (TMSA): " S. Afr.; Limpopo Prov. / Mabote farm / 24.07 S – 28.39 E ", " 12.12.2009 / in the Waterberg / leg. Ruth Müller "; male (TMSA): “ S. Afr.: Transvaal / Pienaars River 8 km / 25.17 S – 28.17 E, 28.12.1994; E-Y 3234, on ground / leg. CL Bellamy ”.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDC965EF7ABF916FDE4FE7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregions of South Africa (Fig. 5): Highveld grasslands; and Southern Africa bushveld.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDE965EF7ABFE2BFCB6FC30.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Holotype, male (TMSA): “ Anaxius / magnificus / Koch / C. Koch det. 195 ”, “ Blouberg, Tvl. / N. side, Glenferness / 16 – 21. I. 1955 / Transva. Mus. Exp. ”, “ HOLOTYPE / Anaxius / PROZESKYI ”. Paratype, male (TMSA): “ Helopininae / anaxius /? ”, “ 186 ”, “ ” 3811 ”, “ 3427 ”, “ Makgaberg. / - 2.03. / 2457 ”, “ PARATYPE / Anaxius / PROZESKYI ” Other material, 5 males (TMSA) and male (MIZ PAN): “ S. Afr.: Limpopo Prov. / Blouberg Nat. Res. / 22.59 S – 29.08 E ”, “ 25 – 27.11.2016 E-Y: 3987 / day, sandy bushveld / leg. Ruth Müller ”; 3 males (TMSA): “ Namibia, Okahandja Dis / 45 kmSE — Okakarara / 20.56 S – 17.42 E ”, “ 4.3.2006; E-Y: 3713 / single, sandveld, 1345 m, Ruth Müller ”.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDE965EF7ABFE2BFCB6FC30.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregions of Namibia and South Africa (Fig. 5): Kalahari xeric savanna; and Southern Africa bushveld.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDE965FF7ABFBE2FEEAFCE7.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 G, 3 G, 5)	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDE965FF7ABFBE2FEEAFCE7.taxon	materials_examined	Type data. Holotype, male (TMSA): “ Espungabera / 80. K. Jutha 1954 ”.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDE965FF7ABFBE2FEEAFCE7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name highlights the morphological resemblance of this species to representatives of the genus Loensus Lucas, 1920 (Pedinini: Pedinina).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDE965FF7ABFBE2FEEAFCE7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is similar to A. campbellae by having, inter alia, protibia with shallow median cavity, widened protarsus, with subsequent tarsomeres slightly narrower, and not apically depressed intercoxal process of prostenum (lateral view). Anaxius pseudoloensus can be easily distinguished by its smaller body size (4.5 mm in pseudoloensus; 6.5 – 7.0 in campbellae), more slender elytra (Figs 1 B vs 1 G), and simple mesofemora in males (with preapical denticle in campbellae).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDE965FF7ABFBE2FEEAFCE7.taxon	description	Description. Body — length ca. 4.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 1 G. Dorsal side of head covered with fine punctures (0.5 – 1.0 diameters apart). Frontoclypeal suture not visible. Canthus rounded at base; narrower than head at level of eyes. Clypeal emargination shallow (clypeal emargination width: depth ratio ca. 8.0). Labrum wide (width: length ratio ca. 1.9); emarginate medially; with basal membrane exposed. Ligula exposed, not covered by mentum. Mentum widest in apical part; with well-developed medial keel; with exposed lateral lobes; not covering cardo or basistipes; apically with median indentation. Submentum pentagonal; short. Apical segment of maxillary palpus trapezoidal; with sensory field occupying whole proximal edge. Second segment of maxillary palpus elongate (length: width ratio ca. 2.4). Palpifer located laterally on basistipes. Anterior tentorial pit circular. Eye not dorsally shielded by any keel. Margin between maxillary fossa and antenna insertion well marked. Antenna not available for study (broken off holotype). Pronotum slightly narrower than elytra (elytra: pronotum width ratio ca. 1.1); relatively narrow (length: width ratio of pronotal disc ca. 0.8); disc shiny, covered with fine punctures (0.5 – 1.0 diameters apart). Lateral sides of pronotal disc straight at basal half. Disc without apophyseal depressions. Basal, anterior, and lateral emargination of pronotal disc present. Base of pronotum straight. Posterior angles not protruding beyond base. Pronotal hypomeron dull; covered with very fine longitudinal rugosities; without submarginal indentation. Intercoxal process of prosternum not depressed apically (lateral view); apically with oval depression on ventral surface; slightly protruding towards first abdominal segment. Procoxae narrowly separated (procoxa: intercoxal process width ratio ca. 2.0). Five elytral intervals finely marked; remaining ones indistinguishable. First interval elevated in disc. Elytron covered by fine punctures (0.1 diameters apart; sometimes confluent). Elytral base straight; not emarginate. Elytral humerus rounded. Epipleuron slightly narrowing apically, then of constant width; basally covering all elytral intervals (ventral view). Scutellum relatively large; triangular. Metathoracic wings absent. Metaventrite extremely short (metacoxal cavity: metaventrite (between insertions of meso- and metacoxae) length ratio ca. 8.0). Process of first abdominal ventrite wide (distances between mesocoxae: metacoxae ratio ca. 0.9). Fifth abdominal ventrite without submarginal sulcus; covered with fine punctures (4 – 5 diameters apart). Male protarsus widened, with subsequent tarsomeres slightly narrower. Protibia with shallow longitudinal cavity. Metafemora with fringe of setae distributed on whole length. Other leg parts simple. Meso- and metatibiae not avaliable for study (broken out of holotype). Aedeagal tegmen widest in middle; unipartite; without basal gap. Apical part divided (up to 0.10 of whole tegmen length). Clava straight. Penis of even width along most of its length; with apical part not covered by tegmen, exposed dorsally. Basal apophyses of penis relatively short (ca. 0.4 of whole tegmen length).	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
038BC66EFFDE965FF7ABFBE2FEEAFCE7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has been collected in the following ecoregion of Mozambique (Fig. 5): Southern Miombo woodlands.	en	Kamiński, Marcin J., Schoeman, Colin S. (2018): Taxonomic revision of a darkling beetles genus Anaxius (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini: Helopinina). Zootaxa 4455 (3): 471-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.4
