identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038BD23AFFCEBF2EFF3753C3CFF8FEDC.text	038BD23AFFCEBF2EFF3753C3CFF8FEDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benstonea celebica (Warburg 1900) Callmander & Buerki	<div><p>Benstonea celebica (Warburg 1900: 80) Callmander &amp; Buerki in Callmander &amp; al. (2012: 332).</p><p>Basionym: Pandanus celebicus Warburg (1900: 80) . Type:— INDONESIA. Sulawesi: s.d., Warburg s.n. (holotype, B [B100279969] image seen; isotype, FI [FI 003942]!). Epitype (designated here):— INDONESIA. Central Sulawesi Province: Sulawesi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.3/lat -1.2666667)">Mt Roroka Timbu</a>, W slope, 80 km SSE of Palu, 1°16’S, 120°18’E, c. 1050 m, 11.V.1979, Vogel 5287 (epitype, L [L0332713] image seen; isoepitype, KLU-36404 [2 sheets] images seen, PH [PH 00018268]!) .</p><p>Syn.: Pandanus gladiator Stone (1984: 209) . Type:— INDONESIA. Central Sulawesi Province: Sulawesi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.3/lat -1.2666667)">Mt Roroka Timbu</a>, W slope, 80 km SSE of Palu, 1°16’S, 120°18’E, c. 1050 m, 11.V.1979, Vogel 5287 (holotype, L [L0332713] image seen; isotype, KLU-36404 [2 sheets] images seen, PH [PH 00018268]!) .</p><p>Notes:— Benstonea celebica was regarded as an enigmatic species before its rediscovery by AK in 2005 (Keim 558) in Sulawesi at Pontolotua Hill during a survey of the Lore-Lindu National Park (Keim, 2005). The delimitation of this taxon has remained challenging for a century due to the very fragmentary material of the type (Warburg s.n.). The fruiting material deposited at B was apparently destroyed during World War II, but a photograph exists at FI. Stone (1978) has even suggested that B. celebica and B. pachyphylla (Merrill 1922: 154) Callmander &amp; al. (2012: 337) may be conspecific. Benstonea celebica is in reality very different from B. pachyphylla, which is a slender acaulescent shrub bearing a small syncarp with a small infrafoliar near-ground solitary syncarp (see Keim &amp; al. 2011: 52, Fig. 12; Callmander &amp; al. 2012: 331, Fig. 4D). Benstonea celebica is a tree up to 5 m with a large spicate pendulous infructescence comprising up to 10 subspherical syncarps (c. 10–11 cm in diam) (Fig. 1G). In the absence of adequate material of B. celebica and apparently unaware of the presence of the photograph at FI, Stone (1984) was evidently oblivious to its highly distinctive morphology, and he described Pandanus gladiator Stone (1984: 209) based on a specimen collected from the same island, Sulawesi, Vogel 5287. The latter species was erroneously considered to be a synonym of Benstonea stenocarpa by Callmander &amp; al. (2012) and this error is corrected here. Original material of B. celebica comprises only Warburg’s type gathering from Sulawesi, which is highly fragmentary - consisting now of only of two incomplete leaf portions (at B and FI). The only known syncarp of this collection is believed to have been destroyed (at B), although fortunately a photograph is conserved at FI. Vogel 5287 (the type of Pandanus gladiator) is an excellent fertile collection from Central Sulawesi with duplicates in L, KLU and PH, each with leaves and representative portions of the infructescence. We consider this specimen to represent the same species as the type of B. celebica, and we therefore designate it as an epitype for the species. Benstonea celebica has also been collected recently elsewhere on Sulawesi: Central Sulawesi Province, Pontolotua Hill and Sedoa in the vicinity of the Lore-Lindu National Park (Keim, 2005; Keim &amp; Rustiami, 2007) and in Northern Sulawesi Province, Ambang Hill in the vicinity of Boganinani Wartabone National Park and Bolaang Mongondow, Minahassa (Polosakan &amp; al. 2009; Purwanto &amp; al. 2009) and is considered to be endemic to the island.</p><p>Additional specimens seen: — INDONESIA. Central Sulawesi Province: Sulawesi, Toro, Pono (Pontolotua) Hill, 900 m, 31 May 2005, Keim 558 (WAL); Poso, Sedoa, Siboala Hill, 11 September 2005, Keim 683 (BO) . North Sulawesi Province: Sulawesi, Mount Ambang Nature Reserve, near Kotulidak River, 00°47’29”N, 124°22’39”E, 23 November 2009, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.43528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.74583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.43528/lat 0.74583334)">Kinho</a> 267 (WAL); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.43528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.74583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.43528/lat 0.74583334)">Bolaang Mongondow</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.43528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.74583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.43528/lat 0.74583334)">Kolangkangon</a>, around <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.43528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.74583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.43528/lat 0.74583334)">Ambang mountain</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.43528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.74583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.43528/lat 0.74583334)">Modayag</a>, 00°44’45”N, 124°26’07”E, 1271 m, 27 March 2006, Purwanto &amp; al. PSU42 (BO) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BD23AFFCEBF2EFF3753C3CFF8FEDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Callmander, Martin W.;Buerki, Sven;Keim, Ary P.;Phillipson, Peter B.	Callmander, Martin W., Buerki, Sven, Keim, Ary P., Phillipson, Peter B. (2014): Notes on Benstonea (Pandanaceae) from the islands of Halmahera, New Guinea and Sulawesi. Phytotaxa 175 (3): 161-165, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.6
038BD23AFFCDBF2EFF37513ACC96FD6C.text	038BD23AFFCDBF2EFF37513ACC96FD6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benstonea jacobsii (B. C. Stone 1984) Callm., Buerki & A. P. Keim 2014	<div><p>Benstonea jacobsii (Stone 1984: 210) Callm., Buerki &amp; A.P. Keim, comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym: Pandanus jacobsii Stone (1984: 210) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Hela Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.16667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.5166664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.16667/lat -6.5166664)">Near Waro</a> airstrip, 20 km SSW of Kutubu, 6°31’S 143°10’E, 500–600 m, 15 October 1973, Jacobs 9281 (holotype, L [L0050543, L0050544] images seen) .</p><p>Notes: — Benstonea jacobsii was described by Stone (1984) in the genus Pandanus based on the small dimensions of its leaves (220 x 5 cm) and fruits (c. 10–11 cm in diam.) and the relatively smooth coarsely verruculose pileus. It is a small treelet (2–3 m) growing on limestone in the southeastern region of Papua New Guinea. Benstonea jacobsii can be easily distinguished from B. stenocarpa, by its habit (tall slender tree up to 10 m) and morphology (long and broad leaves, 400 x 11 cm) (Fig. 1F). Benstonea jacobsii is only known by the type specimen and is apparently restricted to limestone.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BD23AFFCDBF2EFF37513ACC96FD6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Callmander, Martin W.;Buerki, Sven;Keim, Ary P.;Phillipson, Peter B.	Callmander, Martin W., Buerki, Sven, Keim, Ary P., Phillipson, Peter B. (2014): Notes on Benstonea (Pandanaceae) from the islands of Halmahera, New Guinea and Sulawesi. Phytotaxa 175 (3): 161-165, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.6
038BD23AFFCDBF2EFF37536ACE43FA80.text	038BD23AFFCDBF2EFF37536ACE43FA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benstonea misimaensis (St. John ex Stone 1978) Callm., Buerki & A. P. Keim 2014	<div><p>Benstonea misimaensis (St. John ex Stone 1978: 54) Callm., Buerki &amp; A.P. Keim, comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym: Pandanus misimaensis St. John ex Stone (1978: 54) . Type:— PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Milne Bay Province: Misima Island, Mt Sisa, N slopes, 300 m, 19 July 1956, fr., Brass 27401 (holotype, L [L0050582] image seen; isotype, A [A00020059] image seen, LAE, S [S-G-406] image seen)</p><p>Notes: — Benstonea misimaensis is the smallest species in the ‘Dimissistyli’ group. The species is almost acaulescent, with the stem only attaining approximately 20 cm in height and grows in understory forest. This habit and habitat are similar to those of Benstonea ornithocephala (Stone 1978: 64) Callmander &amp; Buerki in Callmander &amp; al. (2013: 59). The two species are nevertheless very easily to distinguish, B. ornithocephala having a terminal syncarp and the upper stylar part of drupe not deciduous at maturity is not a member of the ‘Dimissistyli’ group. Benstonea misimaensis is endemic to the Island of Misima, 120 km to the east of mainland Papua New Guinea, in the Louisiade Archipelago, whereas B. ornithocephala is endemic to Bird’s Head Peninsula in West Papua Province (Indonesia). Both species are only known from the type collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BD23AFFCDBF2EFF37536ACE43FA80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Callmander, Martin W.;Buerki, Sven;Keim, Ary P.;Phillipson, Peter B.	Callmander, Martin W., Buerki, Sven, Keim, Ary P., Phillipson, Peter B. (2014): Notes on Benstonea (Pandanaceae) from the islands of Halmahera, New Guinea and Sulawesi. Phytotaxa 175 (3): 161-165, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.6
038BD23AFFCDBF2EFF37550EC974F870.text	038BD23AFFCDBF2EFF37550EC974F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benstonea verruculosa (Backer ex B. C. Stone 1978) Callm., Buerki & Phillipson 2014	<div><p>Benstonea verruculosa (Backer ex Stone 1978: 55) Callm., Buerki &amp; Phillipson, comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym: Pandanus verruculosus Backer ex Stone (1978: 55) . Type:— INDONESIA. North Maluku Province: Halmahera, Galileo, Sao Tobaroe, Beguin 1920 (holotype, BO [2 sheets]!, isotype, L [L0050725] image seen) .</p><p>Notes: — Benstonea verruculosa was described based on a fragmentary collection from Halmahera dating back to 1921 (Beguin 1920). Its overall morphology bears a strong resemblance to B. stenocarpa but its recent rediscovery on the island and collection of more adequate material (Callmander &amp; Lasut 1151) provides a clarification of its delimitation and ample justification for its recognition at species level. Benstonea verruculosa is characterized by larger and broader leaves (c. 450 x 14 cm) (400 x 11 cm in B. stenocarapa), but more significant is the distinct morphology of its drupes. The style of B. verruculosa are short (Fig. 1A–G), and not elongated and gradually tapering as in B. stenocarpa . The stigmatic groove is also accordingly much shorter in B. verruculosa . Furthermore, the pileus of B. verruculosa is conspicuously verrucate contrasting with the rather smooth pileus (rarely roughly granular) of B. stenocarpa . The type of B. verruculosa is fragmentary, consisting of only leaf portions and separate drupes. Callmander &amp; Lasut 1151 is the first complete collection of B. verruculosa, a species endemic to Halmahera where it grows along streams.</p><p>Additional specimens seen:— INDONESIA. North Maluku Province: Halmahera, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Lolea Poeloe Rao</a>, 40 m, 12 October 1921, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Beguin</a> 1816 (BO, L) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Soa Tobaroe</a>, 60 m, 2 June 1922, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Beguin</a> 1933 (BO) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Soa Tobaroe</a>, 60 m, 13 August 1922, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Beguin</a> 2119 (BO) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Soa Tobaroe</a>, 60 m, 13 August 1922, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Beguin</a> 2120 (BO, L) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Central Halmahera</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Doromesmesan</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.90584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.50805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.90584/lat 0.50805557)">Loy Poloy</a>, 00°30’29”N, 127°54’21”E, 15 m, 9 February 2013, Callmander &amp; Lasut 1151 (BO, G, L, MO) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BD23AFFCDBF2EFF37550EC974F870	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Callmander, Martin W.;Buerki, Sven;Keim, Ary P.;Phillipson, Peter B.	Callmander, Martin W., Buerki, Sven, Keim, Ary P., Phillipson, Peter B. (2014): Notes on Benstonea (Pandanaceae) from the islands of Halmahera, New Guinea and Sulawesi. Phytotaxa 175 (3): 161-165, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.3.6
