identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038BFF67FF86FF8EFF6F5E35A8B1695C.text	038BFF67FF86FF8EFF6F5E35A8B1695C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus acharon (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>P. acharon</p><p>= P. eumetopus syn. n.</p><p>= P. eungellae syn. n.</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004, Mollet &amp; Tarmann 2010) and new localities.</p><p>Material examined, all from Queensland (Table 1). 1 ♁ (822) (Figs. 2, 5), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.09074&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.294666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.09074/lat -16.294666)">Mt Windsor Tableland</a> N. P., 16° 17′40.8′′ S, 145 ° 05′26.7′′ E, 887 m, e. l. L4‒L5, 23.XI.2011, S &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 9 ♁, SW of Ayton, Bloomsfield Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.33556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.942778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.33556/lat -15.942778)">Track Cape Tribulation</a> to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.33556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.942778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.33556/lat -15.942778)">Helenvale</a>, 15°56′34 S, 145°20′08 E, 10 m, (eggs, larvae from L1‒L6 collected) 4.XII.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC) ; 6 ♁, Road to Lake Morris, SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.71666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.71666/lat -16.933332)">Cairns</a>, 16 ° 56′S, 145 ° 43′E, e. l., 25.V.2008, S &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁, same data but 16 ° 55′33.2′′S, 145 ° 43′08.8′′E, 150 m, e. l., 8.XII.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, Misty Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.73334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.73334/lat -17.633333)">Wooroonooran</a> N. P., 17°38′S, 145°44′E, e.l., 21.V.2008, S &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 3 ♁, same data but 17°41′26.5′′S, 145°41′43.2′′E, 600 m, e. l., 29.XI.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC); 2 ♁, same data but 17°38′06.6′′S, 145°37′52.7′′E, 720 m, e. l., 11.XI.2011, S &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.61667/lat -17.3)">Lake Eacham</a> N. P., 17°18′S, 145°37′E, e. l., 17/ 19.V.2008, S &amp; B. Mollet leg (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (768) (Figs. 3, 6) and 1 ♁ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.48965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.430855" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.48965/lat -17.430855)">Mt Hypipamee</a> N. P., 17°25′51.08′′S, 145°29′22.72′′E, 975 m, e. l., 30.XI.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁, Road to Wallaman Falls, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.87439&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.627806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.87439/lat -18.627806)">Girringun</a> N. P., 18°37′40.1′′S, 145°52′27.8′′E, 490 m, e. l., 26.XI.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁, same data but 18°37′55.6′′S, 145°53′04.3′′E, 250 m, e. l., 13.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, 14 km E. Blencoe Falls campground, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.62804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.17186" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.62804/lat -18.17186)">Girringun</a> N. P., 18°10′18.7′′S, 145°37′40.9′′E, 660 m, e. l., 27.XI.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (765) (Figs. 4, 7) and 1 ♁, Eungella N. P., Road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.50294&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.155193" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.50294/lat -21.155193)">Brocken River</a>, 21°09′18.7′′S, 148°30′10.6′′ E, 790 m, e. l., 23.XI.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Additional material (head ratios examined, but not included in Table 1), all from Queensland. 3 ♀, SW of Ayton, Bloomsfield Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.33556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.942778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.33556/lat -15.942778)">Track Cape Tribulation</a> to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.33556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.942778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.33556/lat -15.942778)">Helenvale</a>, 15°56′34 S, 145°20′08 E, 10 m, 24.IV.2013, G. M. Tarmann leg. (TLMF); 3 ♁, 13 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.71971&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.644444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.71971/lat -17.644444)">Misty Mountain</a>, Girringun N. P., 17°38′40 S, 145°43′11 E, 562 m, 17.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (TLMF) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. The single female of P. acharon (holotype) and specimens of the larval host plant Pipturus argenteus (Urticaceae) were both collected by Banks and Solander at Endeavour River (Cooktown) from June, 17 to August, 3 of the year 1770 during Captain Cook’s expedition to Australia with the Endeavour (1768–1771) (Per Tingbrand 1988).</p><p>P. eumetopus was known from the area of Cairns, and its larvae feed on P. argenteus (Common 1990: 297) . Until now it was the only known species in Zygaenidae feeding on Urticaceae . P. eungellae was studied and compared with P. eumetopus by one of us (Tarmann 2004), who concluded that these two taxa represent different species. This opinion was mainly based on the wide distance between their type localities. A visit to Eungella N. P. in 2013 made it possible to collect several larvae feeding on P. argenteus and after breeding provided some adults. The larval host plant, the habitus of the larvae and the head ratios of the imagines were identical to those of P. eumetopus, which suggested that these taxa are conspecific. In addition to the published localities (Mollet &amp; Tarmann 2010), other populations of Pollanisus feeding on P. argenteus were found in Girringun N. P. (180 km south of Cairns), in Mt Windsor Tableland N. P. and near Ayton about 50 km south of Cooktown. Finally, the female habitus and genitalia (Tarmann 2004) and the presence of the host plant at the type locality of P. acharon, are strong arguments to consider that all three taxa, P. acharon, P. eumetopus and P. eungellae, are conspecific. Therefore, P. acharon is here recognized as the most senior valid name and P. eumetopus syn. n. and P. eungellae syn. n. are synonyms to P. acharon .</p><p>P. acharon is similar in habitus to the two sympatric species P. angustifrons and P. jumbun that share a green abdomen and a similar wingspan, but differ in the head ratio data (Table 17) and further their larval host plants are different.</p><p>Another species, which may be identical or at least belong to a species close to P. acharon, was listed as ‘ Pollanisus species 7 ’ by Tarmann (2004). The small compound eyes, the green collar, as well as the green upperside of the abdomen (Tarmann 2004: pl. 29, fig. 1) and the presence of P. argenteus in the Darwin region suggest that it could in fact be a specimen of P. acharon .</p><p>Phenology and bionomic. Details were published previously (Mollet &amp; Tarmann 2010). Eggs, larvae and imagines were collected on Pipturus argenteus (Figs 11, 12) (Common, 1990: 297). Mating was observed at the end of the afternoon at 5.30 pm. and 1 female was attracted earlier to UV light at 6.30 am in the morning. The larvae can easily be found and observed under the leaves (Figs 8–10) and their habitus varies from a uniformly cream color without pattern to very strongly marked specimens, with dark marks on the upper part.</p><p>P. argenteus is a small tree that can be found mostly at the margins of rainforest, especially in growth after forest-clearing and in tall open forest. In Australia it occurs only on the eastern coast of northern New South Wales, in Queensland and in the Northern Territory (Fig. 13). Outside Australia, it occurs in New Guinea, the Moluccas, Timor, Sumba, Bali, Java, Sumatra and as far north as the Andamanese and Nicobar Islands; also on the Malacca Peninsula and Borneo to the Philippines (ALA, web references).</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 13)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF86FF8EFF6F5E35A8B1695C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF8BFF88FF6F5E32AA076B88.text	038BFF67FF8BFF88FF6F5E32AA076B88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus Walker 1854	<div><p>Pollanisus. angustifrons</p><p>= species 4</p><p>= species 5</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004), additional specimens in (ANIC, BMC).</p><p>Material examined (Table 2), all from Queensland. Paratype: 1 ♁, (Figs 14, 21), 25 mls. W of Tully, 8.III.1964, I. F. C. Common &amp; M. S. Upton leg. (ANIC) . Additional material: 1 ♁ (Figs 17, 24), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.4/lat -27.15)">Moreton Island</a>, 27°09′S, 153°24E, 22.III.1998, O. Schmidt leg. (ANIC) ; 1 ♁, Murray Upper Falls N. P., Campground, (UV lamp), 29.X.2007, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (Figs 18, 25) (1004), Murray Upper Falls N. P., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81511&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.152472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81511/lat -18.152472)">Campground</a>, 18°09′08.9′′S, 145°48′54.4′′E, 120 m, e. l. on Hibbertia scandens, 15.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. Tarmann leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (Figs 15, 22), Waterview Ck., c. 2000 ft, 22 mls., S. W. Ingham, 18.IV.1961, R. Straatman leg. (ANIC; Pollanisus species 4 sensu Tarmann 2004); 1 ♁ (Figs 16–23), Base Cableway, Mt Bellenden—Ker, 17°16′S, 146°54′E, 80 m, 23.X.1981, E. D. Edwards leg. (ANIC; Pollanisus species 5 sensuTarmann 2004).</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus angustifrons has the patagia and abdomen yellowish green dorsally (Tarmann 2004). Several specimens were excluded from the paratype series due to having white instead of black ocelli (Tarmann 2004). However, this character turned out to be very variable and has no diagnostic value (Mollet &amp; Tarmann 2010). Therefore, these additional specimens widen the known distribution area to the north and far to the south, with a population cluster in the Borumba Dam area, Southern Queensland.</p><p>The habitus and the head ratios in Pollanisus species 4 and P. species 5 (the only two specimens with a green abdomen from Mt Bellenden-Ker) give arguments to conclude that these two ‘species’ are conspecific and close enough in their head ratios to accept that they belong to P. angustifrons . The other three specimens in Pollanisus species 5 (from Kennedy River and Kuranda) with coppery abdomen and similar head ratios with P. incertus (Group 2) must be excluded from P. angustifrons .</p><p>One of the two specimens from Mt Belleden-Ker (figured by Tarmann 2004, pl. 27, fig. 2) was later photographed (visit in ANIC, on 4.IV.2013). The green colour of the abdomen has become coppery in the meantime. The second specimen was described with a slightly shiny coppery abdomen upperside (Tarmann 2004) but it is supposed that the colour changed and was previously green (collected in the same area and nearly at the same time). One specimen from Moreton Island, Queensland, shares the similar head feature and ratios, therefore it is included into the P. angustifrons series.</p><p>P. angustifrons is similar in habitus as P. acharon and P. jumbun but differs in the head features and ratios. Another species, P. marriotti, has very close head ratios but differs in a bigger size and it only occurs in South Victoria near Melbourne.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. At Murray Upper Falls one specimen was obtained from a larva collected on H. scandens (Dilleniaceae) and another was collected at night. This, as well as several published observations (Tarmann 2004), suggest that this species has a nocturnal activity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF8BFF88FF6F5E32AA076B88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF8DFF8AFF6F5E56A9AA6CD3.text	038BFF67FF8DFF8AFF6F5E56A9AA6CD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus jumbun Mollet & Tarmann 2023	<div><p>Pollanisus jumbun sp. n.</p><p>Material examined (Table 2), all from Queensland. All the following specimens were collected on Hibbertia scandens .</p><p>Holotype: ♁, (993) (Figs 19, 26), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.54962&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.786861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.54962/lat -17.786861)">Tully Falls</a> N. P., road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.54962&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.786861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.54962/lat -17.786861)">Ravenshoe</a> to Koombooloomba Dam, 7 km North of the Lake, 17°47′12.7′′S, 145°32′58.6″E, 780 m, e. l., 10/ 19.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC).</p><p>Paratypes: 2 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.54962&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.786861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.54962/lat -17.786861)">Tully Falls</a> N. P., road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.54962&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.786861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.54962/lat -17.786861)">Ravenshoe</a> to Koombooloomba Dam, 7 km North of the Lake, 17°47′12.7′′S, 145°32′58.6″E, 780 m, e. l., 10/ 19.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (1001) (Fig. 28) and 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.73573&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.638416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.73573/lat -17.638416)">Wooroonooran</a> N. P., 17°38′18.3″S, 145°44′08.6″E, 488 m, e. l., 11.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (987) (Fig. 29), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.1537" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81683/lat -18.1537)">Murray Upper Falls</a> N. P., Car Park Visitors, 18°09′13.32′′S, 145°49′0.60′′E, 80 m, e. l., 12.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (1003) (Figs 20, 27) and 5 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81511&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.152472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81511/lat -18.152472)">Murray Upper Falls</a> N. P., Campground, 18°09′08.9′′S, 145°48′54.4′′E, 120 m, e. l., 15.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. Tarmann leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. At Murray Upper Falls N. P. a series of larvae were collected on Hibbertia scandens (Figs 30, 31). One specimen obtained from a larva and one specimen collected at UV light have the ratios and the head feature of P. angustifrons, the other specimens (Fig. 32) obtained from larvae have larger frons and smaller compound eyes. Their head ratios are constant and different from those of the other species in Group 1 (Table 3) and from P. angustifrons (Table 2). This difference as well as the sympatry with P. angustifrons justifies the description of these specimens as a new species.</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 33).</p><p>Description. Male, holotype. Length of body: 5.2 mm; length of forewing: 6.4 mm; breadth: 2.4 mm; length of hindwing: 4.5 mm; breadth: 2 mm; length of antenna: 4.5 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view, 1.50 x the breadth of compound eye and 0.95 x the height; compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata long and narrow occupying all the space between compound eye and ocellus. Antenna: brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 25 bipectinate, 26 to 37 biserrate, pectinations of maximum length at segment 10, about 5x longer than breadth of shaft in dorsal view. Body: frons brown with greenish blue metallic sheen, vertex brown, edging of blue metallic scales bordering the compound eyes; proboscis yellowish brown, brown labial palps upcurved; patagia and proximal part of tegulae covered with green metallic scales; thorax brown dorsally, strong blue metallic sheen ventrally; abdomen brown, segments 3–8 green metallic sheen dorsally, brown ventrally. Forewing: brown with satin sheen upperside, light brown underside. Hindwing: brown with slightly translucent area medially, underside with few shiny blue scales anteriad of medial stem and at anal angle. Legs and coxae: brown with strong green metallic sheen.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 34). Valva slightly triangular, distally convex dorsally and slightly ventrally, pointed apically. Phallus nearly x4 longer than broad, slightly upcurved, half proximal part cylindrical, distal half conical, cornutus as long as phallus.</p><p>Females are not included in the description due to the doubtful differentiation from those of Pollanisus angustifrons that is sympatric with larvae collected at the same time on the same larval host plants.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. No imagines were collected flying or resting on plants. All were collected in larval stages.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of the Jumbun Aboriginal community living around Murray Falls.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF8DFF8AFF6F5E56A9AA6CD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF91FF95FF6F58B1AD686BAC.text	038BFF67FF91FF95FF6F58B1AD686BAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus lithopastus Turner 1926	<div><p>Pollanisus lithopastus</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004, Kallies &amp; Mollet 2011) and new localities.</p><p>Material examined (Table 3). Lectotype: 1 ♁, (Figs 41, 45), New South Wales. Ebor, 11.I.1914 (ANIC). New South Wales. 1 ♁, Nerriga, ca. 50 km SE of Goulburn, lux, 6.XII.2008, A. Kallies &amp; E. D. Edwards leg. (BMC); Victoria. 1 ♁ (719) (Figs 42, 46), 2 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.56667/lat -37.916668)">Gembrook</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.56667/lat -37.916668)">Gilwell Park</a>, 37°55′S, 145°34′E, night, 26.I.2009, P. Marriott, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); Tasmania. 1 ♁, Ridgeway near Hobart, lux, 20.I.2006, A. Kallies leg. (BMC); 1 ♁ (722) (Fig. 47), Strathblane, Far <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.56667/lat -37.916668)">South Wilderness Lodge</a>, lux, 22.I.2006, A. Kallies leg. (BMC).</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus lithopastus is very variable in its external appearance. The forewing has characteristic silvery or golden farinose surface on the upperside, although in the locality of Gembrook, 75% of a hundred specimens collected had a dark matte forewing upperside, without any silvery or golden scales.</p><p>P. lithopastus occurs syntopically with P. marriotti at its type locality. The average values of the head ratios are very close, however the frons and the compound eyes of P. marriotti are narrower which results in a smaller breadth of the head.</p><p>P. lithopastus shares the same value of head ratio data with P. angustifrons which is different in habitus (Kallies &amp; Mollet 2011) and cannot be confused.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. This species was mainly collected at night (Tarmann 2004, Kallies &amp; Mollet 2011) or rarely in daytime and only when disturbed. The larval host-plant is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF91FF95FF6F58B1AD686BAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF90FF95FF6F59A1A81F694E.text	038BFF67FF90FF95FF6F59A1A81F694E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus marriotti Kallies & Mollet 2011	<div><p>Pollanisus marriotti</p><p>Published data (Kallies &amp; Mollet 2011).</p><p>Material examined (Table 3). Paratypes: 1 ♁ (712) (Fig. 43), 1 ♁ (709) (Fig. 48), Victoria. Gembrook, E of Melbourne, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.65/lat -37.433334)">Gilwell Park</a>, lux, 37°26′S, 145°39′E, 3.II.2008, A. Kallies &amp; P. Marriotti leg. (BMC) ; 2 ♁, same data but 27.I.2009, A. Kallies, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, same data but 8.II.2009, A. Kallies, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. The head ratio data of P. marriotti are close to those of P. angustifrons, whereas the latter has longer antennal pectinations, narrower wings and is localized in Northern Queensland.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. This species was mainly collected at night (Kallies &amp; Mollet 2011). The larval host-plant is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF90FF95FF6F59A1A81F694E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF90FF96FF6F5BDCAB796A94.text	038BFF67FF90FF96FF6F5BDCAB796A94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus undefined-1	<div><p>Pollanisus species 1 .</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Material examined (Table 3). Australian Capital Territory: 1 ♁ (Figs 44, 49), Bendora, 19.II.1959, I. F. B. Common leg. (ANIC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus species 1 is similar to P. lithopastus which has the head ratio data slightly different, justifying the doubt on possible conspecifity (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. The larval host-plant is unknown.</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF90FF96FF6F5BDCAB796A94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF93FF96FF6F5E58AA176DF7.text	038BFF67FF93FF96FF6F5E58AA176DF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus edwardsi Tarmann 2004	<div><p>Pollanisus edwardsi</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Material examined (Table 4). Paratype: 1 ♁ (Figs 51, 52), New South Wales, Mt Kosciusko, 4500 ft, 23.I.1914 (ANIC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. This species is known from sea level up to mountains at about 1,370 m (4,500 ft). The wing’s feature and the head ratio data are identical to those of P. species 2, but the latter is much smaller. The habitus of P. edwardsi is similar to that of P. subdolosa subdolosa, which differs in smaller size and in head features, with a narrower frons and bigger compound eyes (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. The head ratios are within the values of those of the diurnal species (table 17) suggesting a diurnal behavior. The larval host-plant is unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF93FF96FF6F5E58AA176DF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF92FF90FF6F58F9AB7A6A94.text	038BFF67FF92FF90FF6F58F9AB7A6A94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus undefined-2	<div><p>Pollanisus species 2</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Material examined (Table 4). 1 ♁ (Figs 53–54), New South Wales, Murramarrang N. P., 1993, e. l. on Kennedia rubicunda, A. Gibbs leg. (ANIC).</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus edwardsi and P. species 2 share similar dark fore and hindwings (Tarmann 2004) but P. species 2 is much smaller. P. edwardsi and P. species 2 share the head ratio data, as also with P. trimacula, but the latter has a dark proboscis (yellow in P. edwardsi and P. species 2) and differs in habitus by the presence of ochreous spots (although these are often missing) on the narrow forewing and the translucent central area part in the hindwing. P. trimacula is also known from Murramarang N. P. The habitus of P. species 2 is similar to that of P. subdolosa subdolosa, which differs in a bigger size and in the head features with a narrower frons and bigger compound eyes.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. The larval host-plant of Pollanisus species 2 is Kennedia rubicunda (Fabaceae) (Tarmann 2004), which has a large distribution from sea level to mountain areas and could be also the larval host-plant of P. edwardsi (Fig. 55). Conspecifity between these two species cannot be excluded.</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 55).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF92FF90FF6F58F9AB7A6A94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF94FF91FF6F58B1AD766F09.text	038BFF67FF94FF91FF6F58B1AD766F09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus commoni Tarmann 2004	<div><p>P. commoni</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004) and new localities.</p><p>Material examined (Table 5), all from Queensland. Larvae collected on Dillenia alata and Hibbertia scandens (Dilleniaceae) . Paratype: 1 ♁ (Figs 56, 59), Clifton Beach, 16.46°S, 145.45°E, e.l., 19.X.1985, I. F. B. Common leg. (ANIC). 1 ♁ (Figs 57, 60) (820), 2 ♁, Forrest Beach, 0.5 km NW, 18°42′07.8′′S, 146°17′24.9′′E, e. l., 15.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, Kennedy N. P., 18°13′23.7′′S, 146°00′06.1′′E, e. l., 27.XI.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC) (1); 1 ♁, same data, but 15.IV.2013; 2 ♁, Bramston Beach, N Innisfail, 17°21′S, 146°01′E, e. l., 29.X.2007, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 2 ♁, Kurrimine Beach, S. Innisfail, 17°46′S, 146°06′E, e. l., 28.X.2007, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁ (Figs 58, 61) (1438), 1 ♁, Isabella Falls, 15°19′53.7′′S, 145°12′40.7′′E, e. l., 24.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC); 4 ♁, Port Douglas, 10 m, 16°32′00.4′′S, 145°28′34.2′′E, e. l., 21.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (BMC).</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.79942&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.600306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.79942/lat -18.600306)">Larvae</a> collected on H. scandens . 1 ♁, Girringun N. P., Wallaman Falls Campground, 547 m, 18°36′01.1′′S, 145°47′57.9′′E, e. l., 13.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁, same data, but 15.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg. (2) (BMC); 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.73573&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.638416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.73573/lat -17.638416)">Wooroonooran</a> N. P., 488 m, 17°38′18.3′′S, 145°44′08.6′′E, e. l., 11.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.54962&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.786861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.54962/lat -17.786861)">Tully Falls</a> N. P., Road Ravenshoe to Koombooloomba Dam, 7 km N of Lake, 780 m, 17°47′12.7′′S, 145°32′58.6′′E, e. l., 10/ 19.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>(1) At Kennedy N. P., H. scandens grows at the bottom of D. alata trunks and some larvae can be found feeding on H. scandens .</p><p>(2) This male was collected early in the morning around 6.40 am, attracted by virgin calling females of P. contrastus and P. trimacula, kept in separate cages.</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. P. commoni has a restricted distribution in Northern Queensland, correlated to the distribution of its larval host plant D. alata . In this area P. contrastus, P.horakae, P. jirrbal, P. incertus occur and have a similar habitus. P. contrastus and P. horakae have a different head ratio (Table 17) and their host plants are respectively H. scandens and H. longifolia . P. jirrbal and P. incertus are nocturnal. They have a different head ratio data (Table 17) and their host plants are respectively H. melhanoides and H. scandens .</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Larvae (Figs 64, 65), pupae (Figs 66, 67) and imagines (Figs 68, 69) were mainly collected on D. alata (Figs 62, 63) and in two localities on H. scandens, which are included in the distribution area of D. alata . The imago is diurnal, resting on or around its larval host plant without showing any feeding activity. Eggs and all instars of larvae are sometimes present together in great numbers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF94FF91FF6F58B1AD766F09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF98FF9DFF6F58B1AA9E6F94.text	038BFF67FF98FF9DFF6F58B1AA9E6F94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus contrastus Tarmann 2004	<div><p>Pollanisus contrastus</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004) and new localities.</p><p>Material examined (Table 6). Larvae collected on Hibbertia scandens (Dilleniaceae) .</p><p>Paratype: 1 ♁, (Figs 71, 78), New South Wales. Wollongong, 14.II.1973, V. J. Robinson &amp; R. Badans leg. (ANIC) .</p><p>New South Wales. 1 ♁ (969) (Figs 74, 81), 5 ♁, N. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.57222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.339834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.57222/lat -28.339834)">Hastings Point</a>, 28°20′23.4′′S, 153°34′20.0′′E, 10 m, e. l., 17.II.2013, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; Queensland. 1 ♁ (Figs 75, 82), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.51666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.51666/lat -27.6)">Macleay Island</a>, 27°36′S, 153°31′E, 11.X.1998, D. P. A. Sands leg. (ANIC) ; 1 ♁ (831) (Figs 72, 79), 3 ♁, Joseph Banks Conservation Area, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.88333/lat -24.15)">Seventeen Seventy</a>, 24°09′S, 151°53′E, 4.XI.2007, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (832) (Figs 73, 80), 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.76666/lat -24.15)">Eurimbula</a> N. P., 24°09′S, 151°46′E, e. l., 12.XI.2007, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁, Wallaman Falls N. P., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.79942&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.600306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.79942/lat -18.600306)">Campground</a>, 18°36′01.1′′S, 145°47′57.9′′E, 547 m, 13.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 2 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.3938&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.263027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.3938/lat -17.263027)">Mt Wallham</a>, 17°15′46.9′′S, 145°23′37.7′′E, 1289 m, 20.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus contrastus consists of populations with variable characters such as proboscis, colour, length of antennal pectinations and wing features (Tarmann 2004). In addition to the type series and based on some of the above mentioned characters, two groups were separated Pollanisus . cf. contrastus 1 and Pollanisus . cf. contrastus 2 (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Despite these morphological variations, populations from north New South Wales to north Queensland show constant head ratio data. The habitus of Pollanisus contrastus is similar to those of P. commoni, P. horakae, P. yugambeh, P. trimacula (without ochreous spots), P. kalliesi (without ochreous spots), P. subdolosa, P. jirrbal, P. incertus and P. worimi (without ochreous spots).</p><p>P. contrastus shares the same head ratio data with P. yugambeh but the latter has narrower wings and its host plant is different. P. contrastus also shares the same head ratio data with P. kalliesi (without ochreous spots) but the latter is localized at the top of Barrington Tops in New South Wales. The other species with similar habitus have different head ratio data (Table 17).</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Intensive search for larvae on Hibbertia scandens (Figs 85, 86) made it possible to collect and breed several populations that belong to P. contrastus . The larvae (Figs 87, 88) can easily be observed on the underside of the leaves. The size of the last instar is about 8 to 9 mm with a variable appearance and cannot be distinguished from the other species feeding on H. scandens . It is mainly a day active species, with the adults staying around their larval host plants.</p><p>H. scandens can be found in rain forest, as well as on sand dunes along the coast. In forest it is a vine climber reaching the top of trees and in open areas it can take support on small bushes or creeps on the ground.</p><p>The recent collecting data increase our knowledge of the northern distribution of P. contrastus and show that this species occurs much further to the North than thought earlier (Fig. 89).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF98FF9DFF6F58B1AA9E6F94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF98FF9DFF6F5E6DADA76D08.text	038BFF67FF98FF9DFF6F5E6DADA76D08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus Walker 1854	<div><p>Pollanisus . species 3</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Material examined (Table 6). Queensland. 1 ♁ (Figs 76, 83), Palm Island, 1.VI.1926 (ANIC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Specimens of Pollanisus species 3 from Magnetic Isl. and Palm Isl. were supposed to be possibly conspecific with P. species 6 and distinct from P. contrastus, due to their longer antennae (Tarmann 2004). However, the head ratio data (Table 6) suggests that P. species 3 could be conspecific with P. contrastus . More material is required to decide about the systematic status of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF98FF9DFF6F5E6DADA76D08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF98FF98FF6F5F11AB7A6E8C.text	038BFF67FF98FF98FF6F5F11AB7A6E8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus Walker 1854	<div><p>Pollanisus . species 6</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Material examined (Table 6). Queensland. 1 ♁ (Figs 77, 84), Evelyn Scrub, I.1911 (ANIC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. The head ratio data of the specimen from Evelyn Scrub (Table 6) is similar of those of Pollanisus species 3 and it could be conspecific. The specimen collected at a larval stage on Hibbertia synandra in the Paluma area (Tarmann 2004) was not examined, but considering the strong attachment of Pollanisus species to their larval host plant in nature, this suggests that it could be a different species.</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 89).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF98FF98FF6F5F11AB7A6E8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FF9CFF9AFF6F58B1ABD46B40.text	038BFF67FF9CFF9AFF6F58B1ABD46B40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus yugambeh Mollet & Tarmann 2023	<div><p>Pollanisus yugambeh sp. n.</p><p>Materiel examined (Table 7). Larvae collected on Pipturus argenteus (Urticaceae) .</p><p>Holotype: 1 ♁ (772) (Figs 90, 93), Queensland. N Springbrook, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.2524&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.036638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.2524/lat -28.036638)">Lower Blechmont</a> N, 28°02′11.9′′S, 153°15′08.6′′E, 350 m, e. l., 17.XI.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. Tarmann leg. (BMC).</p><p>Paratypes: 1 ♀ (1370) (Figs 92, 95), 2 ♁, same data as holotype but day flying, 15.II.2013, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); New South Wales. 1 ♁ (769) (Figs 91, 94), 2 ♁, 2 ♀, 23 km E Kyogle, Road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.16011&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.519943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.16011/lat -28.519943)">Kunghur</a>, 28°31′11.8′′S, 153°09′36.4′′E, 320 m, e. l., 17.XI.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. Tarmann leg. (BMC) ; 2 ♁, 3 ♀, Road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.31209&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.384361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.31209/lat -28.384361)">Mt Warning</a>, 28°23′3.7′′S, 153°18′43.5′′E, 102 m, e. l., 18.II.2013, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Additional paratypes (head ratios examined, but not included in Table 7). Queensland. 1 ♀, N Springbrook, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.2524&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.036638" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.2524/lat -28.036638)">Lower Blechmont</a> N, 28°02’11.9’’S, 153°15’08.6’’E, 350 m, day flying, 15.II.2013, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; New South Wales. 1 ♁, 23 km E Kyogle, Road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.16011&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.519943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.16011/lat -28.519943)">Kunghur</a>, 28°31’11.8’’S, 153°09’36.4’’E, 320 m, e. l., 17.XI.2009, B. Mollet &amp; G. Tarmann leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. So far, Pollanisus yugambeh sp. n. is,with P. acharon, the only Pollanisus whose larvae feed on Pipturus argenteus (Fig. 102). The two species cannot be confused. Pollanisus acharon has the collar and the upperside of the abdomen green, while P. yugambeh sp. n. is coppery on these body parts. The habitus of their larvae is different (Figs 103–105). P. contrastus has the head ratio data and habitus similar to P. yugambeh, but the latter is smaller in size with narrower forewing and their larval host-plants belong to different families. The larvae of P. contrastus and P. yugambeh sp. n. do not reciprocally feed the host-plant of the other species (rearing observation BM).</p><p>P. yugambeh has the head ratio data and habitus similar to P. kalliesi (without ochreous spots), but the latter is localized at high altitude on Barringon Tops in New South Wales.</p><p>Pollanisus yugambeh sp. n. has a similar habitus to P. horakae sp. n., but the latter has head ratios slightly different, it is localized in Northern Queensland and uses another larval host-plant species.</p><p>The other Pollanisus species with similar habitus have different head ratio data.</p><p>Differences in habitus and in larval host-plant families are strong taxonomic characters in Pollanisus and there is no doubt of specific difference. We therefore describe this species as new.</p><p>Description. Male holotype. Length of body: 5 mm; length of forewing: 6.7 mm; breadth: 2.4 mm; length of hindwing: 4.9 mm; breadth: 2.4 mm; length of antenna: 4.7 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view, 1.76 x the breadth of compound eye and 1.12 x the height; compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata of triangular shape, long and narrow occupying all the space between the dorsal margin of the compound eye and the ocellus. Antenna: brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 24 bipectinate, 25 to 35 biserrate, pectinations of maximum length at segment 10, about 4.8x longer than breadth of shaft in dorsal view. Body: frons brown with greenish blue metallic sheen, vertex brown, edging of blue metallic scales bordering the compound eyes, proboscis yellow, long porrect labial palps brown; patagia, proximal part of tegulae and thorax covered with coppery metallic scales; thorax brown dorsally with a strong blue metallic sheen ventrally; abdomen brown on segments 1, from segment 2 to distal part golden coppery metallic sheen dorsally, brown ventrally. Forewing: brown with satin sheen on upperside, light brown on underside. Hindwing: brown with slightly translucent area medially, underside with shiny blue scales anteriad of medial stem and at anal angle in male. Legs and coxae: coxa brown with strong green metallic sheen, legs brown, femur covered with green metallic scales.</p><p>Female paratype. Length of body: 5 mm; length of forewing: 6.4 mm; breadth: 2.4 mm; length of hindwing: 4.7 mm; breadth: 2.4 mm; length of antenna: 4.2 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view, 2.04 x the breadth of compound eye and 1.27 x the height; compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata rounded with narrow anterior extension occupying all the space between compound eye and ocellus. Antenna, brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 33 biserrate, pointed distally. Body, forewing, hindwing, legs and coxae (as male description above). Presence of an abdominal yellow hairtuft distally in female.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 35). Valva with slightly rounded apex, distally straight dorsally, ventral margin straight. Phallus nearly x4 longer than broad, cylindrical, slightly upcurved, cornutus as long as phallus.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 113). Ductus bursae short and translucent, leading into a praebursa with central sclerotization with two teeth.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Specimens were collected as eggs or in larval stages (Figs 103–105) on Pipturus argenteus (Fig. 102). Males and females are day flying, staying around their larval host-plant.</p><p>Larvae of P. yugambeh are different of those of P. acharon, but cannot be distinguished from those of many other Pollanisus species.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of the Yugambeh Aboriginal people living on their traditional country, the Sringbrook N. P. (Web references).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FF9CFF9AFF6F58B1ABD46B40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFA1FFA6FF6F58F9AB8F6AF0.text	038BFF67FFA1FFA6FF6F58F9AB8F6AF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus horakae Mollet & Tarmann 2023	<div><p>Pollanisus horakae sp. n.</p><p>Materiel examined (Table 7), all from Queensland. Holotype: ♁ (1412) (Figs 96, 99), Paluma N. P., Road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.28203&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.002916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.28203/lat -19.002916)">Paluma</a>, 19°00′10.5′′S, 146°16′55.3′′E, 258 m, e. l. on Hibbertia longifolia, 29.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. Tarmann leg. (BMC).</p><p>Paratypes: 1 ♁ (1413) (Figs 97, 100) 5 ♁, 1♀ (1445) (Figs 98, 101), 3 ♀, Paluma N. P., Road to Paluma, 19°00′10.5′′S, 146°16′55.3′′E, 258 m, e. l. on H. longifolia, 29.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. Tarmann leg. (BMC); 1♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.28203&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.002916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.28203/lat -19.002916)">Millestream Falls</a>, 5 km SW of Ravenshoe, 820 m GPS, 21.XI.1998, E. D. Edwards &amp; H. Sutrisno leg. (ANIC) .</p><p>Additional paratypes (head ratios examined, but not included in Table 7): 25 ♁, 21 ♀ Paluma N. P., Road to Paluma, 19°00′10.5′′S, 146°16′55.3′′E, 258 m, e. l. on H. longifolia, 29.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. Tarmann leg. (BMC) ;</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Although Pollanisus horakae sp. n. is similar in habitus to P. contrastus, there are some small but constant differences in the head ratio data (Table 7). The other Pollanisus species with similar habitus have different head ratio data.</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 112)</p><p>P. horakae sp. n. is strongly linked to its larval host-plant, Hibbertia longifolia (Dilleniaceae), which has a restricted distribution in North East Queensland.</p><p>Differences in head ratio data and larval host-plants are strong characters to justify the description of this new species.</p><p>Description. Male, holotype. Length of body: 5.1 mm; length of forewing: 6.3 mm; breadth: 2.5 mm; length of hindwing: 4.6 mm; breadth: 2.2 mm; length of antenna: 4.9 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view, 1.64 x the breadth of compound eye and 1.07 x the height; compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata triangular shape, long and narrow distally, occupying all the space between compound eye and ocellus. Antenna: brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 25 bipectinate, 26 to 37 biserrate, pectinations of maximum length at segment 10, about 4.6x longer than breadth of shaft in dorsal view. Body: frons brown with greenish blue metallic sheen, vertex brown, edging of blue metallic scales bordering the compound eyes; proboscis yellow, brown porrect labial palps; patagia, proximal part of tegulae and thorax covered with coppery metallic scales; thorax brown dorsally with a strong blue metallic sheen ventrally; abdomen brown on segments 1, from segment 2 to distal part golden coppery metallic sheen dorsally, brown ventrally. Forewing: brown with satin sheen on upperside, light brown on underside with a bluish green metallic band below costa. Hindwing: brown with slightly translucent area medially, underside with shiny blue scales anteriad of medial stem and at anal angle. Legs and coxae: brown with strong green metallic sheen on coxae and femur.</p><p>Female, paratype. Length of body: 5.3 mm; length of forewing: 6.3 mm; breadth: 2.5 mm; length of hindwing: 4.6 mm; breadth: 2.3 mm; length of antenna: 4.7 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view, 1.99 x the breadth of compound eye and 1.33 x the height; compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata rounded with very long anterior extension occupying all the space between compound eye and ocellus. Antenna: brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 42 biserrate, pointed distally. Body, forewing, hindwing, legs and coxae (as male description above). Presence of an abdominal yellow hairtuft distally in female.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 36). Valva with pointed apex, distally straight dorsally, ventral margin straight. Phallus nearly x4 longer than broad, cylindrical, slightly upcurved, cornutus as long as phallus.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 114). Ductus bursae broad, slightly scleotized, leading into a large praebursa with central sclerotization without teeth.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Males and females are day flying, resting around the larval host-plant Hibbertia longifolia (Figs 106, 107). Eggs are laid in a patch (Fig. 108), larvae are gregarious at early instars (Figs 109, 110), and variable in appearance at last instar (Fig. 111), but cannot be distinguished from many other species and used for species identification.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of Dr Marianne Horak, Canberra, who was curator of Lepidoptera in the Australian National Insect Collection during most of the time of our work on Australian Zygaenidae . She supported us significantly for more than two decades.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFA1FFA6FF6F58F9AB8F6AF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFA2FFA7FF6F58B1AACB6F75.text	038BFF67FFA2FFA7FF6F58B1AACB6F75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus trimacula (Walker 1854)	<div><p>Pollanisus trimacula</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004) and new localities.</p><p>Material examined (Table 8). Eggs and larvae collected on Hibbertia scandens (Dilleniaceae) .</p><p>Queensland. 1 ♁, Littabella N. P., 24°36′S, 152°07′E, 10.XI.2007, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 6 ♁, Great Sandy N. P., Fraser Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.28334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.28334/lat -24.916666)">Ocean Lake</a> campground, 24°55′S, 153°17′E, 20/ 21.IV.2008, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 3 ♁, Lamington N. P, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.13245&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.230167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.13245/lat -28.230167)">Green Mounts</a> campground, 28°13′48.6″S, 153°07′56.8″E, 921 m, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) . New South Wales. 6 ♁, SW Port Macquarie, E. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.31667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.31667/lat -31.616667)">Elands</a>, 31°37′S, 152°19′E, 656 m, 18.XI.2007, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁, Track Comboyne to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.40175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.630833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.40175/lat -31.630833)">Elands</a>, 31°37′51.0″S, 152°24′06.3″E, 662 m, 21.II.2013, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (984) (Figs 117, 120), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.67587&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.045498" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.67587/lat -35.045498)">Huskisson</a>, 35°02′43.8″S, 150°40′33.1″E, 5 m, 1.III.2013, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁, Murramarang N. P., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.32355&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.62844" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.32355/lat -35.62844)">Depot Beach</a>, 35°37′42.4″S, 150°19′24.8″E, 25 m, 3.III.2013, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis.Although Pollanisus trimacula is easy to determine by the dark proboscis (Tarmann 2004) and the presence of ochreous spots on the narrow forewing, in some populations the ochreous spots are very difficult to discern and only few ochreous scales are visible under high magnification (Tarmann 2004). Some populations have been overlooked completely so far, because of the total lack of the spots in some localities (e. g. in 1 of 9 males inspected from Elands and 2 of 24 males from Great Sandy N. P.)</p><p>Females are excluded from this diagnosis, due to the possible confusion with females of other Pollanisus species. Moreover in males the narrow forewing can be broader in some population (Elands) and the colour of the proboscis is slightly variable and can be very close to that of P. subdolosa and P. contrastus . The strong bluish green bands on the underside of the wings can be missing (e. g. Lamington N. P.). The only character that can separate P. trimacula from the other closely related species, P. worimi sp. n. and P. kalliesi sp. n., is the head ratio data (Table 8) as the darker proboscis in P. trimacula is not always easy to distinguish from the slightly yellow brown of the other two species. P. trimacula (without ochreous spots) has a similar head ratio as P. edwardsi and species 2 (Table 4), but differs in its habitus by narrower wings and the presence of a medial translucent area on the hindwing.</p><p>P. trimacula (without ochreous spots) shares a similar habitus with P. commoni, P. contrastus, P. yugambeh, P. horakae, P. subdolosa clara, P. jirrbal and P. incertus, but differs in the head ratio data (Table 17).</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Pollanisus trimacula was mainly collected as larvae (Figs 124, 125) on Hibbertia scandens or flying in the daytime. The larvae are of creamy colour with lateral and dorsal rows of circular brown designs on each segment and the length is about 13 mm at last instar. The larva of P. trimacula differs from all the other known larvae by the two dorsal rows of circular brown drawings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFA2FFA7FF6F58B1AACB6F75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFA2FFA0FF6F5DCFAAE668E8.text	038BFF67FFA2FFA0FF6F5DCFAAE668E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus worimi Mollet & Tarmann 2023	<div><p>Pollanisus worimi sp. n.</p><p>Material examined (Table 8), all from New South Wales. Larvae collected on Hibbertia scandens .</p><p>Holotype: 1♁ (978) (Figs 118, 121), Barrington Tops N. P., main track, 31°53′42.4″S, 151°36′08.6″E, 1130 m, 25.II.2013, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC).</p><p>Paratypes: 2♁, same data as holotype.</p><p>Female: unknown</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. P. worimi (without ochreous spots) and P. incertus are similar in habitus, their head ratio data are slightly different (Table 17) and P. worimi is localized in New South Wales at Barrington Tops, while P. incertus is localized in Northern Queensland. The head ratio data of P. worimi sp. n. are different than those of P. trimacula and P. kalliesi sp. n. (Table 8), which justifies describing this new species.</p><p>Description. Male holotype. Length of body: 6.2 mm; length of forewing: 8.8 mm; breadth: 3.2 mm; length of hindwing: 6.3 mm; breadth: 3.1 mm; length of antenna: 5.8 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view 1.10 x the breadth of compound eye and 0.77 x the height (Table 8); compound eye black, almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata of triangular shape, long and narrow occupying all the space between the compound eye and the ocellus. Antenna: brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 32 bipectinate, 33 to 44 biserrate, pectinations of maximum length at segment 10, about 5.5x longer than breadth of shaft in dorsal view. Body: frons brown with gold metallic sheen, vertex brown, an edging of greenish gold metallic scales bordering the compound eyes, proboscis yellowish brown, labial palps brown and upcurved; patagia and proximal part of tegulae covered with coppery metallic scales; thorax brown dorsally, with strong blue metallic sheen ventrally; abdomen brown, segments 2–8 coppery, with metallic sheen dorsally, brown ventrally. Forewing: brown with satin sheen on upperside, light brown at underside; four whitish ochreous spots on upper side and slightly visible on underside. Hindwing: brown with a large slightly translucent area medially, underside with shiny greenish blue scales anteriad of medial stem and at anal angle. Legs and coxae: legs brown, coxae with strong green metallic sheen.</p><p>Male genitalia. (Fig. 37). Valva very large, distally straight, dorsally with pointed apex, distal margin convex, ventral margin convex. Phallus nearly 3 x longer than broad, cylindrical, slightly upcurved, cornutus as long as phallus.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Larvae of Pollanisus worimi . sp. n. were collected (Fig. 126) on Hibbertia scandens along the main track at Barrington Tops N. P. on the edge of dense forest, just before the gate that delimits the subalpine area above.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of the Worimi Aboriginal community for whom the Barrington Tops area is their traditional country (Hunter Living Histories 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFA2FFA0FF6F5DCFAAE668E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFA5FFA3FF6F5B7DABF56CAC.text	038BFF67FFA5FFA3FF6F5B7DABF56CAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus kalliesi Mollet & Tarmann 2023	<div><p>Pollanisus kalliesi sp. n.</p><p>Material examined (Table 8), all from New South Wales. Holotype: ♁ (836) (Figs 119, 122), W. of Gloucester, Barrington Tops N. P., Forest edge at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.925037" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.387/lat -31.925037)">Polblue Falls</a>, 31°55′30.14′′S, 151°23′13.2′′E, ca 1250 m, 19.I.2009, afternoon, A. Kallies leg. (BMC).</p><p>Paratypes: 4 ♁, same data as holotype; 1 ♀ (1525) (Fig. 123), Butchers swamp, 31°54′59.05′′S, 151°23′45.57′′E, ca 1300 m, 19.I.2009, A. Kallies leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Paratypes, head ratios not examined. 22 ♁ same data as holotype but (AKC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus kalliesi sp. n. has similar head ratio to P. contrastus but differs in the ochreous spots on forewing (when they are visible) and it is localized on the top of Barrington Tops. The head ratios are very different from those of P.trimacula and P. worimi sp. n., which justifies the description of this new species.</p><p>Description. Male holotype. Length of body: 5.7 mm; length of forewing: 7.7 mm; breadth: 3 mm; length of hindwing: 5.7 mm; breadth: 2.8 mm; length of antenna: 5.9 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view 1.72 x the breadth of compound eye and 1.16 x the height (Table 8); compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata rounded with long and narrow anterior extension, occupying all the space between compound eye and ocellus.; compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata rounded with narrow anterior extension, occupying all the space between compound eye and ocellus. Antenna. Brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 27 bipectinate, 28 to 39 biserrate, pectination of maximum length at segment 10, about 4.5x longer than breadth of shaft in dorsal view. Body. Frons brown with greenish blue metallic sheen, vertex brown, edging of blue metallic scales bordering the compound eyes, proboscis yellow, brown porrect labial palps; patagia, proximal part of tegulae and of thorax covered with coppery metallic scales; thorax brown dorsally with strong blue metallic sheen ventrally; abdomen brown on segments 1, from segment 2 to distal part golden coppery metallic sheen dorsally, brown ventrally. Forewing. Brown with satin sheen upperside, light brown underside; three (not well visible) whitish ochreous spots. Hindwing. Brown with slightly translucent area medially, underside with shiny blue scales anteriad of medial stem and at anal angle. Legs and coxae. Brown covered with few metallic green scales.</p><p>Distribution map (fig. 127)</p><p>Female paratype. Length of body: 5.8 mm; length of forewing: 8 mm; breadth: 3.2 mm; length of hindwing: 6 mm; breadth: 2.9 mm; length of antenna: 5.2 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view 2.0 x the breadth of compound eye and 1.23 x the height (due to mold covering the frons and the compound eyes, the ratios measurements are estimated) (Table 8). Antenna. Brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 44 biserrate, pointed distally. Body, forewing, hindwing, legs and coxae (see male description above). Presence of an abdominal yellow hairtuft distally in female.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 38). Valva large, slightly convex dorsally, distal and ventral margin slightly convex. Phallus nearly 3.5 x longer than broad, slightly upcurved, half proximal part cylindrical, distal half conical, cornutus as long as phallus.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 115). Ductus bursae short and translucent, leading into a large praebursa with central sclerotization with one small tooth.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Adult specimens of Pollanisus kalliesi sp. n. were collected in day time in the subalpine area. “The specimens were found along a track in tall, wet Eucalypt forest feeding on the yellow flowers of Senecio growing in half-shade” (A. Kallies, personal communication). The host-plant is unknown. One possible larval host-plant could be Hibbertia scandens (Dilleniaceae) which is known from the lower parts of the sub-alpine plateau at the altitude ≤ 1380 m (Zoete 2000).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of our friend, the entomologist Axel Kallies, a specialist in Cossoidea and other Australian Lepidoptera .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFA5FFA3FF6F5B7DABF56CAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFA6FFACFF6F5F7CABA868D4.text	038BFF67FFA6FFACFF6F5F7CABA868D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus subdolosa subsp. subdolosa (Walker 1865)	<div><p>Pollanisus subdolosa subdolosa — P. subdolosa clara</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004) and an additional new locality.</p><p>Material examined. Pollanisus subdolosa clara (Table 9). Paratype, 1 ♁ (Figs 128, 130), New South Wales. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.23&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.23/lat -28.37)">Minyon Falls</a>, 6 km N of Rosebank, 28° 22’ 12”S, 153° 13’ 48”E, 19.XI.1976, I. F. B. Common &amp; E. D. Edwards leg. (ANIC). Queensland. 1 ♁ (1436) (Figs 129, 131) 4 ♁, Burrum Coast N. P., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.51666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.51666/lat -25.05)">Point Campground</a>, 25°03′S, 152°31′E, 23/ 24. IV.2008, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and diagnosis. Differences in the habitus of the two subspecies are: hindwing opaque in P. s. subdolosa and translucent in P. s. clara but their head features are similar (Tarmann 2004). Unfortunately, no P. s. subdolosa was examined in ANIC for head ratio comparison with P. s. clara. Until there is more investigation of accurate measurement of head ratios in P. s. subdolosa, the status of the two subspecies is maintained. P. s. subdolosa is similar in habitus to P. edwardsi and P. species 2, but the frons is larger and the eyes smaller in the latter. P. s. clara is very similar in habitus to P. contrastus, P. yugambeh sp. n. and P. trimacula (without spots), but in this last their frons is larger and the eyes smaller. Without careful examination of the head ratios, many male specimens, examined in several museums, cannot be clearly assigned (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Males of P. s. subdolosa and P. s. clara were mainly collected at night (Tarmann 2004). A large series of males of P. s. clara were collected at U. V. light early in the morning (Tarmann 2004). This behavior, linked to an intermediate value of the head ratio data between the diurnal and the nocturnal species (Tables 17, 19), suggests crepuscular activity. Hibbertia scandens (Dilleniaceae) is supposed to be the larval host-plant of P. s. clara (Tarmann 2004). P. s. subdolosa is localized in Victoria while P. s. clara occurs in New South Wales and south of Queensland. The host-plant of P. s. subdolosa is unknown but should be different than H. scandens, which is not known in the countryside in Victoria, (ALA).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFA6FFACFF6F5F7CABA868D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFA8FFA8FF6F58B1AB726A94.text	038BFF67FFA8FFA8FF6F58B1AB726A94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus incertus Tarmann 2004	<div><p>Pollanisus incertus</p><p>= P. species 5</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004) and additional localities.</p><p>Material examined (Table 10), all from Queensland. Holotype: 1 ♁ (Figs 133, 138), 2.5 km N of Kuranda, e. l. on Tetracera nordtiana (Dilleniaceae), 20.X.1985, I. F. B. Common leg. (ANIC). 1 ♁, Kuranda, Top of the range, 19 Butler Drive, 16°48′S 145°38′E (GPS), 335 m, 15/ 30.IV.2005, D. C. F. Rentz leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, same data but, 16/ 31.X.2005, (BMC); 1 ♁, same data but, 1/ 15.V.2007, (ANIC); 2 ♁, Windsor Tableland, 8.V.1984, A. N. Gillison leg. (ANIC); 1 ♁, Carnavon N. P., West Branch, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=1.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-58.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 1.0/lat -58.0)">Maranoa River</a>, 24°58°S, 148°01°E, 760 m (GPS), 10.IV.1999 , E. D. Edwards leg. (ANIC); 1 ♁ (747) (Figs 135, 140), W. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.96666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.96666/lat -17.35)">Bramston Beach</a>, Tower acc. road, N Innisfail, 17°21′S, 145°58′E, (lux), A. Kallies leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.32469&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.578445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.32469/lat -16.578445)">Track</a> to Mt Lewis, 16°34′42.4″S, 145°19′28.9″E, 450 m, 22.XI.2011, e. l. on Hibbertia scandens, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.35268&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.604694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.35268/lat -16.604694)">Road</a> to Mowbray N. P., 2 km E of Julatten, 16°36′16.9″S, 145°21′09.6″E, 388 m, 27.XI.2011, e. l. on H. scandens, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁ (1424) (Figs 137, 142), same data but, 20.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC); 3 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.52533&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.697721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.52533/lat -16.697721)">Kuranda</a> N. P., 16°41′51.8″S, 145°31′31.2″E, 432 m, 26.XI.2011, e. l. on H. scandens, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁ (815) (Figs 136, 141), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.06395&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.26436" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.06395/lat -16.26436)">Track in Mt Windsor Tableland</a> N. P., 16°15′51.7′′S, 145°03′50.2″E, 1082 m, 23.XI.2011, e. l. on H. scandens, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg., (BMC); 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.69122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.976473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.69122/lat -16.976473)">Road</a> to Lake Morris, 16°58′35.3″S, 145°41′28.4″E, 460 m, 25.XI.2011, e. l. on T. nordtiana, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg., (BMC); 1 ♁, Murray Upper Falls N. P., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.15386" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81667/lat -18.15386)">Car Park</a> day visitors, 18°09′13.9″S, 145°49′00″E, 100 m, 26.IV.2013, (night), B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC); 2 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.65596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.976723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.65596/lat -16.976723)">Clohesy River</a>, end of track, 16°58′36.2″S, 145°39′21.5″E, 605 m, 19.IV.2013, (night) , B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC). 1 ♁ (Figs 134, 139), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.583333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.05/lat -15.583333)">Kennedy River</a>, 30 km W of ‘ Fairview′, 15°35′S, 144°03′E, 24.XII.1984, at m. v. lamp, G. &amp; A. Daniels leg. (ANIC; Pollanisus species 5 as per Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Both occurring in Northern Queensland, the habitus and head ratio of Pollanisus incertus are close to those of P. jirrbal sp. n., but the former differs in its slightly smaller compound eyes and the different larval host-plant. The holotype of P. incertus was obtained from a larvae collected on Tetracera nordtiana (Figs 143–145) (Tarmann 2004). Pollanisus species 5 (sensu Tarmann 2004) shares the same head ratio (Table 10) and the nocturnal activity with P. incertus . and is therefore considered to belong to the same species.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Eggs and larvae (Figs 146–148) were mainly collected on Hibbertia scandens and rarely on Tetracera nordtiana (both Dilleniaceae). These two larval host-plants are often growing together. Most of the imagines (Figs 149, 150) were collected at night with U. V. light.</p><p>The collected larvae found feeding on T. nordtiana, were easily moved to H. scandens (rearing observation BM).</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 151)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFA8FFA8FF6F58B1AB726A94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFADFFB4FF6F5B87AB726A94.text	038BFF67FFADFFB4FF6F5B87AB726A94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus jirrbal Mollet & Tarmann 2023	<div><p>Pollanisus jirrbal sp. n.</p><p>Material examined (Table 11), all from Queensland. Holotype: 1 ♁ (818) (Figs 152, 155), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.55965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.822918" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.55965/lat -17.822918)">Tully Falls N. P.</a>, road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.55965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.822918" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.55965/lat -17.822918)">Ravenshoe to Koombooloomba Dam</a>, 7 km N. of Dam, 17°49′22.5″S, 145°33′34.7″E, 780 m, e. l. on Hibbertia melhanoides (Dilleniaceae), 10/19.XI. 2011, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC).</p><p>Paratypes: 1 ♀ (1516) (Figs 154, 157), 2 ♁, same data as holotype but 30.XI.2009; 3 ♁, 1 ♀, same data but, 10/19.XI. 2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, same data but, 17.IV.2013, day, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC); 5 ♁, same data but, 26.IV.2013, day, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC); 7 ♁, 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.39319&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.264055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.39319/lat -17.264055)">Mt Wallham</a>, Antenna, W of Atherton 17°15′50.6″S, 145°23′35.5″E, 1310 m, 18.IV.2013, males at night, female in day, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC) ; 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.81511&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.152472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.81511/lat -18.152472)">Murray Upper Falls N. P.</a>, Campground, 18°09′08.9″S, 145°48′54.4″E, 120 m, e. l. on H. melhanoides, 15.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC) ; 3 ♀ (1), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.79742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.598333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.79742/lat -18.598333)">Girringun N. P.</a>, Wallaman Falls, Campground NW, 18°35′54.0″S, 145°47′50.7″E, 537 m, 14.XI.2011, day, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁ (1420) (Figs 153, 156) 8 ♁, 1 ♀, same data but, 14.IV.2013, day, including one female, e. l. on H. velutina, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC).</p><p>(1) These females were collected around bushes of H. velutina in the habitat where males were collected later and therefore are considered to be P. jirrbal sp. n. specimens.</p><p>Paratypes examined, head ratios not included in Table 11, all from Queensland. 9 ♁, 3 ♀, Tully Falls N. P., road Ravenshoe to Koombooloomba <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.55965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.822918" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.55965/lat -17.822918)">Dam</a>, 7 km N of Dam, 17°49’22.5″S, 145°33’34.7″E, 780 m, 30.XI.2009, day, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (TLMF) ; 1 ♀, same data but (BMC); 1 ♀, same data but, 17.IV.2013,(BMC); 4 ♁ same data but 26.IV.2013, (BMC); 3 ♀, same data but, 10/ 19.XI.2011, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 3 ♁, 2 ♀, Mt Wallham, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.39319&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.264055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.39319/lat -17.264055)">Antenna</a>, W of Atherton 17°15’50.6″S, 145°23’35.5″E, 1310 m, 18.IV.2013, males at night, females in day, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC) ; 3 ♀, Girringun N. P., Wallaman Falls, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.79742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.598333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.79742/lat -18.598333)">Campground</a> NW, 18°35’54.0″S, 145°47’50.7″E, 537 m, 14.XI.2011, day, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) ; 13 ♁, 2 ♀, same data but 13.IV.2013, day, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (TLMF); 17 ♁, 3 ♀, same data, 18.IV.2013 (TLMF); 4 ♁, 7 ♀, same data but, 14.IV.2013, day, including two females, e. l. on H. velutina, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC) ; 11 ♁, same locality, bred from eggs obtained from one female previously collected on 14.IV.2013, (BMC) .</p><p>Pollanisus species examined (Table 11), similar to P. jirrbal sp. n., not included in paratypes. 1 ♁, 2 ♀, Walsh’s Pyramid trail, 17°07’13″S, 145°47’46.2″E, 419 m, e. l. on H. melhanoides, 30.IV.2013, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC); 1 ♁, Paluma N. P., road to Paluma, 19°00’10.5″S, 146°16’55.3″E, 258 m, 29.IV.2013, e. l. on H. velutina, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC).</p><p>One male from Walsh’s Pyramid and one from Paluma N. P. share slightly different head ratios from those of the P. jirrbal sp. n. populations, due to the lack of more specimens for comparison, they are temporarily excluded from P. jirrbal sp. n. paratypes.</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. In group 2 this species has the smallest head ratios (Table 17) due to the very big compound eyes and so far, it is the only species whose larvae feed on H. velutina (Figs 158–160) and H. melhanoides (Figs 161–163), which are very similar in appearance. These specific characters justify the description of these specimens as a new species.</p><p>Description. Male holotype. Length of body: 6 mm; length of forewing: 7.7 mm; breadth: 3.2 mm; length of hindwing: 5.9 mm; breadth: 3 mm; length of antenna: 5.7 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view, 0.98 x the breadth of compound eye and 0.62 x the height; compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata triangular shape, long and narrow distally, occupying all the space between compound eye and ocellus. Antenna: brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 27 bipectinate, 28 to 40 biserrate, pectinations of maximum length at segment 10, about 5.5x longer than breadth of shaft in dorsal view. Body: frons brown with greenish blue metallic sheen, vertex brown, edging of blue metallic scales bordering the compound eyes, proboscis yellow, brown labial palps upcurved; patagia, proximal part of tegulae and of thorax covered with coppery metallic scales; thorax brown dorsally with a strong blue metallic sheen ventrally; abdomen brown on segments 1-2, from segment 3 to distal part golden coppery metallic sheen dorsally, brown ventrally. Forewing: brown with satin sheen upper-side, light brown underside. Hindwing: brown with slightly translucent area medially, underside with shiny blue scales anteriad of medial stem and at anal angle. Legs and coxae: brown with strong green metallic sheen.</p><p>Female paratype. Length of body: 5.2 mm; length of forewing: 6.8 mm; breadth: 2.6 mm; length of hindwing: 5 mm; breadth: 2.6 mm; length of antenna: 4.7 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view, 2.0 x the breadth of compound eye and 1.23 x the height; compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata triangular shape, long and narrow occupying the half space between compound eye and ocellus. Antenna brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 46 biserrate, pointed distally. Body, forewing, hindwing, legs and coxae (see male description above). Presence of an abdominal yellow hairtuft distally in female.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 39). Valva with slightly rounded apex, distally straight dorsally, ventral margin straight. Phallus nearly 4x longer than broad, cylindrical, slightly upcurved, cornutus as long as phallus.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 116). Ductus bursae short and translucent, leading into a praebursa with central sclerotization with one small tooth.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Eggs and larvae were mainly collected on Hibbertia velutina and H. melhanoides . Imagines (Figs 168–170) were collected flying when they were disturbed during their rest around their larval host-plants in daytime and at night with UV. light. The very large compound eye in the male suggests that it is a nocturnal species.</p><p>Following the distribution area of their larval host-plants H. velutina and H. melhanoides which are localized in Northern Queensland, the population of P. jirrbal sp. n. could be more widely distributed in Queensland to the North and the South. The larvae (Figs 164–167) are cream colored with some brown patterns, unlike sympatric species such as P. incertus, P. commoni and P. horakae sp. n. .</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of the Jirrbal Aboriginal people, for whom the district of Ravenshoe was their home prior the arrival of the Europeans.</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 171)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFADFFB4FF6F5B87AB726A94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB1FFB4FF6F5C4EA99F6CC4.text	038BFF67FFB1FFB4FF6F5C4EA99F6CC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus viridipulverulenta (Guerin-Meneville 1839)	<div><p>Pollanisus viridipulverulenta</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004) and additional localities.</p><p>Material examined (Table 12), all from Victoria. 1 ♁ (926) (Figs 178, 179), 1 ♁, Big Desert, Rainbow vic., Chinaman′s Well Tk., 3559′48″S, 14142′13″E, lux., 30.X.2004, A. Kallies, D. Hilton &amp; F. Douglas leg. (BMC) ; 1 ♁, Big Desert, Murrayville-Nhill Tk., 3546.052′S, 14123.15′E, lux., 1/ 2.XI.2008, A. Kallies, D. Hilton &amp; P. Marriott leg. (BMC) ; 3 ♁, Riddles Creek near Gisborne, day, 27.XI.2004, A. Kallies &amp; P. Marriott leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, NE of Melbourne, St. Andrews, 30.X.2005, A. Kallies, D. Hilton &amp; F. Douglas leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus viridipulverulenta is the largest Pollanisus species in Eastern and South-Eastern Australia, including Tasmania (Tarmann 2004). Pollanisus apicalis can be difficult to separate from small individuals of P. viridipulverulenta, especially the head ratios are similar with the height of the compound eye slightly bigger in P. apicalis .</p><p>However, the more triangular wing shape of the forewing,the broader hindwing in Pollanisus viridipulverulenta and the medially slightly translucent hindwings in P. apicalis usually separate the two species without problem (Tarmann 2004). With its very large compound eyes, Pollanisus nocturna sp. n. cannot be confused with P. viridipulverulenta and P. apicalis .</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Pollanisus viridipulverulenta is mainly collected flying in daytime and rarely at night. The known host-plants are Hibbertia obtusifolia, H. sericea and H. stricta (all Dilleniaceae) (Tarmann 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB1FFB4FF6F5C4EA99F6CC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB1FFB5FF6F5F46AABA6844.text	038BFF67FFB1FFB5FF6F5F46AABA6844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus apicalis (Walker 1854)	<div><p>Pollanisus apicalis</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004) and additional localities.</p><p>Material examined (Table 12). Queensland. 2 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.47&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.47/lat -20.23)">White Mts.</a> N. P., 20.23°S, 144.47°E, 31.III to 2.IV.2000, E. D. Edwards leg. (BMC) (1) ; Victoria. 1 ♁, Big Desert, Murrayville-Nhill Track, 3546.1′S, 14123.2′E, 30.X.2004 , A. Kallies, D. Hilton &amp; F. Douglas leg. (BMC); 1 ♁ (933) (Figs 172, 175), Big Desert, Rainbow vic., Chinaman′s Well Tk., 3556.1′S, 14139.7′E, lux., 30.X.2004, A. Kallies, D. Hilton &amp; F. Douglas leg. (BMC) .</p><p>(1) In Pollanisus viridipulverulenta and P. apicalis, sharing identical head ratios, special attention should be paid to these ratios on male specimens collected north of Brisbane, to confirm their identifications. The habitus of specimens collected in White Mountains N. P. is like a very small Pollanisus viridipulverulenta with the antenna shorter with fewer segments (46 instead of 48–51 in P. viridipulverulenta) and slightly shorter pectinations in the male. While the difference in size between males and females is very small, it is prominent in Pollanisus viridipulverulenta . In the female genitalia the row of three teeth is slightly different from the mainly two teeth in P. viridipulverulenta . However, character variability, phenology and bionomics have not been studied sufficiently to conclude that it is a new species.</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. See P. viridipulverulenta above.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Pollanisus apicalis is mainly collected flying in daytime and rarely at night. The known host-plants are Hibbertia obtusifolia, H. virgata (Tarmann 2004) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB1FFB5FF6F5F46AABA6844	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB0FFB5FF6F5AC9AB036E00.text	038BFF67FFB0FFB5FF6F5AC9AB036E00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus modestus Tarmann 2004	<div><p>Pollanisus modestus</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004)</p><p>Material examined (Table 12). Holotype. ♁ (Fig. 178a), NSW, Clyde Mt., 2400 ft, 29.III.1960, I. F. B. Common &amp; M. S. Upton leg., (ANIC).</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. The only specimen (holotype) was examined but unfortunately no photo of the head frontal view was made. It is similar in size to Pollanisus apicalis, but the shiny scales on the forewing upperside are distributed similarly to those of P. cupreus (Tarmann 2004), and the hindwing is opaque, large, without medial translucent area, and so similar to that of P. viridipulverulenta .</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB0FFB5FF6F5AC9AB036E00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB0FFB1FF6F5C05A8AF6A94.text	038BFF67FFB0FFB1FF6F5C05A8AF6A94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus nocturna Mollet & Tarmann 2023	<div><p>Pollanisus nocturna sp. n.</p><p>Material examined (Table 12). Holotype. ♁ (943) (Figs 173, 176), Queensland. Road Paluma-Hidden Valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.06625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.01125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.06625/lat -19.01125)">Mt Zero Taravale</a>, 19°00′40.5″S, 146°03′58.5″E, 817 m, 28.IV.2013, at night, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (BMC).</p><p>Paratypes. 6 ♁, same data as holotype; Queensland. 1 ♁, Brisbane, North Stradbroke Island, s/e Amity Beehive Road, N, 27°25′58′′S, 153°27′46′′E, 37 m, 14.I.2006, a. L., E. Friedrich leg. (TLMF). New South Wales. 1 ♁ (934) (Figs 174, 177), 50 km SE of Goulburn, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.46277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.432777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.46277/lat -27.432777)">Nerriga</a>, 6.XII.2008, lux., A. Kallies &amp; E. D. Edwards leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Paratypes examined, head ratios not included in Table 12. Queensland. 7 ♁, Road Paluma-Hidden Valley, Mt Zero Taravale, 19°00′40.5″S, 146°03′58.5″E, 817 m, 28.IV.2013, at night, B. Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (TLMF), 2 ♁, Qld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.0683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.00275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.0683/lat -19.00275)">Road Paluma-Hidden Valley</a>, 4 km E, (19°00′09.9″S, 146°04′05.9 E, 795 m, 27.IV.2013, at night, Mollet &amp; G. M. Tarmann leg., (TLMF)</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. The strong difference in head ratios with Pollanisus viridipulverulenta and P. apicalis justifies the description of these specimens as a new species.</p><p>Although the specimen collected in NSW, Goulburn area, shows a slightly different compound eye feature with compound eye slightly smaller and more globular, its head ratios are very similar to that of the holotype and paratype collected in the Northern and Southern parts of Queensland, and moreover, it was collected at night. New data from this population, localized very far from the P. nocturna sp. n. type locality, are necessary to confirm conspecifity. Therefore this specimen is here only provisionally included in the paratype series.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female unknown</p><p>Male holotype. Length of body: 6.9 mm; length of forewing: 8.9 mm; breadth: 3.9 mm; length of hindwing: 6.6 mm; breadth: 3.8 mm; length of antenna: 6.5 mm; distance between compound eyes in frontal view, 0.98 x the breadth of compound eye and 0.65x the height; compound eye black almost circular in lateral view; ocellus slightly ovoid; chaetosemata of triangular shape with a long and very narrow extension occupying all the space between compound eye and ocellus. Antenna. Brown with satin sheen, segments 1 to 31 bipectinate, 32 to 44 biserrate, pectinations of maximum length at segment 12, about 4.8x longer than breadth of shaft in dorsal view. Body. Frons brown, vertex with blue metallic sheen, edging of blue metallic scales bordering the compound eyes; proboscis dark brown, porrect labial palps brown with blue metallic scales; patagia and tegulae covered with bluish green metallic sheen; thorax with strong bluish green metallic sheen dorsally and ventrally; abdomen brown with bluish green metallic sheen dorsally and ventrally except segments 1-2 which are brown without metallic sheen ventrally. Forewing. Upperside brown, with satin sheen, underside light brown with some bluish green metallic scales below costa. Hindwing. Brown,opaque, with narrow slightly translucent area medially, underside with strong shiny blue scales anteriad of medial stem and at anal angle. Legs and coxae. Brown, with strong green metallic sheen on coxa and femur.</p><p>Genitalia (948) (Fig. 40). Valva with pointed apex, distally straight dorsally, ventral margin straight. Phallus nearly x3.5 longer than broad, cylindrical, slightly upcurved, cornutus as long as phallus.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. The first observation of this species in nature was a total surprise. On the evening of 27.iv.2013 BM &amp; GMT drove from the tropical village Paluma, the centre of the Paluma Range National Park, westwards on the road that descends towards Hidden Valley which is already situated in the northern part of the Coane Range that runs parallel to the tropical Paluma Range and is, contrary to the Paluma Range, covered with a sclerophyll Eucalyptus forest, mixed with Casuarina trees (Fig. 180). Four kilometres to the East of the Hidden Valley camping site a small gravel road branched off to the left heading SSW into the Coane Range. After ca 400 metres we found a nice place for a camp, where we also could put up our lights for night collecting. The forest was still damaged from a former bushfire that must have taken place some months before. However, the vegetation had recovered nicely after the rainy season, that had ended some weeks ago. The locality is situated at an elevation of 795 metres with GPS: S 19°00’09.9″, E 146°04’05.9″. The weather was nice with a cloudless sky, a slight easterly wind and an evening temperature at 18.30 of 23°C. We built up our light tower (15 W UV blacklight) (Fig. 181) and started the observations at 18.30, shortly after sunset but already in twilight before getting dark. Already at 18.40 a male of a Pollanisus was observed inside the translucent wall of the light tower running up and down. This was strange, because the mast of the tower was fixed on the ground and there was only a small slit where a specimen could have the chance to come inside. We collected this specimen and much to our surprise it was a male of ‘ P. apicalis’, as we thought. Shortly after this (ca. 18.50) we saw a second male coming on the ground heading for the centre of the light tower by running on the floor into the inner side of the net, and shortly later, at 19.00 a third male did the same. It was already fully dark by that time. However this was a full moon night and the darkness was not complete.</p><p>The occurrence of Pollanisus apicalis in northern Queensland (around Herberton and Ravenshoe) and from Paluma was not new, as I. F. B. Common had taken a male on 27.VIII.1985 around Paluma, that is deposited in the ANIC in Canberra (Tarmann 2004). However, a night active habit has not been known from the more southern populations and was new to us.</p><p>On the next evening (28.IV.2013) we came back to the same place but drove further into the forest and found an even better locality with more diverse vegetation at a point that is called Mount Zero crossing, at an elevation of 817 metres, GPS: S 19°00’40.5″, N 146°03’58.5″. We used the same light equipment as the day before, but also an 8 W UV blacklight tube in a small cage that we placed high up on a tree. Exactly at 18.45 the first male of Pollanisus apicalis came quickly running on the floor in small jumps to the light and tried to slip under the mast of the light tower that we had fixed with stones to the floor. Only minutes later more males came running towards the light and three of them managed to come into the inner surface of the tower, in spite of our attempts to prevent this by fixing the mast to the ground. None of them weres observed flying. The males inside the tower ran vertically up and down the light tube. Until 19.05 we had observed 14 males all with the same habit. Then the attraction of the light seemed to stop suddenly and no more specimens came. We tried to find this species next day in daylight. However, not a single specimen was observed.</p><p>The time of activity of this population,shortly after darkness, must be really very short. We observed the specimens for only 20 minutes! Maybe that this is also the time when the females call for males.</p><p>Of course we also looked for a potential larval host-plant for this population. We found a small Hibbertia sp. with narrow leaves (like Rosmarinus genus) and H. lepidota R. Br. Ex DC. and also small and somehow ‘spiny’ bush that likes granite ground, which is everywhere here.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin nocturna, by reference to the exclusive nocturnal activity.</p><p>Distribution (Fig. 182)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB0FFB1FF6F5C05A8AF6A94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB7FFB2FF6F5AE7A8B26EB3.text	038BFF67FFB7FFB2FF6F5AE7A8B26EB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus calliceros subsp. calliceros Turner 1926	<div><p>Pollanisus calliceros calliceros — Pollanisus calliceros azurea</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004) and additional localities.</p><p>Material examined, P. calliceros azurea (Table 13). New South Wales. 1 ♁ (910) (Figs 184, 188), 1 ♁, W. of Gloucester, Barrington Tops, 1 km SE of Polblue Swamp, 19.I.2009, A. &amp; A. Kallies leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.41667/lat -31.95)">Barrington Tops</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.41667/lat -31.95)">Polblue Swamp</a>, 31°57′S, 151°25′E, 1470 m, 25.II.2013, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Unmistakable, owing to the short, rounded wings and the very strongly pectinated antennae in the male. The nominotypical Pollanisus calliceros calliceros has the upperside of the forewing dark green, while it is bluish in P. calliceros azurea (Tarmann 2004) . Unfortunately no P. c. calliceros were examined in ANIC for head ratios comparison with P. c. azurea. Whilst waiting for more accurate measurement of head ratios in P. c. calliceros the status of the two subspecies is maintained.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Nothing is known about the larval host plant. Males are active in day time. P. c. calliceros occurs in Tasmania, Victoria and in the South of New South Wales while P. c. azurea is localized in the North of New South Wales.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB7FFB2FF6F5AE7A8B26EB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB7FFB2FF6F58B1AC66681D.text	038BFF67FFB7FFB2FF6F58B1AC66681D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus cyanota (Meyrick 1886)	<div><p>Pollanisus cyanota</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004) and additional localities.</p><p>Material examined (Table 13). New South Wales. 1 ♁ (Figs 183, 187), Ginninderra Falls, 24.11.1995, R. J. B. Hoare &amp; M. Dominguez leg. (TLMF) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Species best recognized by its shiny coppery collar, that contrasts with the shiny bluish green abdomen and in the female by its dark grey abdominal hairtuft (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Pollanisus cyanota is a diurnal species collected from late morning to the end of the afternoon. The larval host plants are Hibbertia obtusifolia and H. riparia (Dilleniaceae) (Halsey 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB7FFB2FF6F58B1AC66681D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB7FFB2FF6F5C86ADC96C38.text	038BFF67FFB7FFB2FF6F5C86ADC96C38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus isolatus Tarmann 2004	<div><p>Pollanisus isolatus</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004; Kallies, Mollet &amp; Young 2018)</p><p>Material examined ( Table 13). Victoria. Holotype: ♁ (Figs 185, 189), Beaconsfield, 23.II.1904, (MVM).</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. The two species Pollanisus isolatus and P. hyacinthus are very similar. The most significant differences between these species are in the head ratios, the male antenna and in the colour of the abdomen (Kallies, Mollet &amp; Young 2018).</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Nothing is known about the biology and the larval host plant.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB7FFB2FF6F5C86ADC96C38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB7FFBCFF6F5E01AB736975.text	038BFF67FFB7FFBCFF6F5E01AB736975.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus hyacinthus Kallies & Mollet 2018	<div><p>Pollanisus hyacinthus</p><p>Published data (Kallies, Mollet &amp; Young 2018).</p><p>Material examined (Table 13). South Australia. Paratypes: 1 ♁, Kangaroo Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=137.3325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.990833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 137.3325/lat -35.990833)">Seal Bay</a> Conservation Park, 35°59′27.0″S, 137°19′57.0″E, 27 m, 13.III.2009, D. A. Young, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁ (1529) (Figs 186, 190), 3 ♁, same data but 24/ 31.III.2009, D. A. Young leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus hyacinthus, P. isolatus, P. cyanota and P. calliceros can be distinguished by the differences in their head ratios (Table 17).</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Nothing is known about the larval host plant. Males are active in day time (Kallies, Mollet &amp; Young 2018). The only known habitats are in coastal heath of southern Kangaroo Island (Fig. 191).</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 192)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB7FFBCFF6F5E01AB736975	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB8FFBDFF6F58B1A80269CD.text	038BFF67FFB8FFBDFF6F58B1A80269CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus cupreus (Tarmann 2004)	<div><p>P. cupreus</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Material examined (Table 14), all from Western Australia. 1 ♁ (1539) (Figs 193, 194), 7 ♁, N. E. Lancelin, 30°57′42.9″S, 115°25′02.0″E, 130 m, 9.IX.2010, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. In Western Australia, this is the largest species with the upper side forewing dark brown, covered with golden to coppery metallic scales, except to the margin. Pollanisus nielseni is slightly smaller, with an extremely bright golden to green metallic sheen extending almost to the apex of upper side forewing. Despite identical head ratios, Pollanisus cupreus and P. nielseni have a different habitus.</p><p>The habitus of P. cupreus and P. nielseni differ from those of P. amethystina and P. empyrea, which are smaller, have narrower forewings with less brilliant scales and the hindwings more translucent medially (Tarmann 2004). Also the habitus of the larvae is slightly different.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Pollanisus cupreus (Fig. 195) is active only in sunny weather or when it is disturbed. The assumed larval host plant is Hibbertia hypericoides (Dilleniaceae) (Tarmann 2004), the habitat is open forest with shrubs and bushes (Fig. 198).</p><p>From collected females (Fig. 199) rearing was possible on Hibbertia spicata and Hibbertia subvaginata . Eggs are white, the larvae in L1 and L2 were partly to totally stem and leaf mining on H. subvaginata, they live and feed within the leaf tissue until end of L2. This behavior was not observed on H. spicata, probably due to its thinner leaves. During rearing larvae could be moved easily from H. spicata to H. subvaginata and reciprocally. The larvae (Fig. 200) are of variable appearance at the last instar and cannot be distinguished from those of P. nielseni (B. Mollet observation).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB8FFBDFF6F58B1A80269CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFB8FFB8FF6F5C57A8926E98.text	038BFF67FFB8FFB8FF6F5C57A8926E98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus nielseni Tarmann 2004	<div><p>Pollanisus nielseni</p><p>Published data (Tarmann 2004).</p><p>Material examined (Table 14), all from Western Australia. 1 ♁ (1531) (Figs 196, 197), 7 ♁, N. Lancelin, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.23766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.817835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.23766/lat -30.817835)">Wedge Island</a>, 30°49′04.2″S, 115°14′15.6″E, 80 m, 10/ 11.IX.2010, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. See the above comparison with Pollanisus cupreus, P. amethystina and P. empyrea .</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Pollanisus nielseni (Figs 204, 205) is only active in sunny weather or when it is disturbed.</p><p>P. nielseni occurs in scattered localities (Tarmann 2004).At Wedge Island (Fig. 203), its type locality, the habitat is a forest of low bushes close to coastal sand dunes. However in this habitat P. nielseni and P. cupreus are syntopic and synchronous. The assumed larval host plant is Hibbertia spicata (Tarmann 2004) . From collected females, rearing was possible on H. spicata and H. subvaginata . Eggs are light cream to yellowish. During rearing the larvae could be moved easily from H. spicata to H. subvaginata and reciprocally. The larvae (Fig. 201) are of variable appearance at the last instar and cannot be distinguished from those of P. cupreus (B. Mollet rearing observation).</p><p>Larvae in the last instar show a character not described so far. It is a group of four sclerotized circular dots on the dorsal part of the first thoracic segment (Fig. 202), two on each side of the medial line. These dots were also observed on the available larvae of Pollanisus commoni, P. incertus, P. jirrbal sp. n., P.cupreus and P. amethystina . The position and the size of these dots needs more study to know if they are of taxonomic importance. A similar arrangement is also visible on the last instarlarva of Myrtartona rufiventris (Walker, 1854) (B. Mollet observation).</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 206)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFB8FFB8FF6F5C57A8926E98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFBCFFC4FF6F58B1AA0F6B38.text	038BFF67FFBCFFC4FF6F58B1AA0F6B38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus empyrea (Meyrick 1888)	<div><p>Pollanisus empyrea</p><p>Published data (Mollet 2019).</p><p>Material examined (Table 15), all from Western Australia. 1 ♁ (791) (Figs 207, 208), 4 ♁ Torndirrup N. P., 37 m, 35°06.168′S, 117°57.999′E, 12.II.2009, e. l. on Hibbertia cuneiformis, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 1 ♁, N. Augusta, Jewel Cave Car Park, 63 m, 34°16.400′S, 115°05.910″E, 17.II.2009, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC).</p><p>Distribution map (Fig. 219)</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus empyrea (Fig. 212) has uniformly brown narrow forewings covered with a few metallic coppery scales, more densely at the base of the forewing, while P. cupreus and P. nielseni are bigger, and their forewings are widely covered with coppery to golden metallic scales. The head ratio of P. empyrea is different from those of Pollanisus cupreus and P. nielseni . P. empyrea differs in habitus from P. amethystina, which has green metallic scales on the forewing upperside and on the upper side of the abdomen. Their head ratios are slightly different.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Pollanisus empyrea is active during the day, when disturbed and at night (1). P. empyrea is linked to its larval host-plant Hibbertia cuneiformis (Dilleniaceae) (Figs 213, 214), and it is assumed to feed also on H. commutata (Axel Kallies, pers. obs.). The larvae of P. empyrea (Fig. 215) and P. amethystina (Fig. 218) are similar in habitus and cannot be used for differentiation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFBCFFC4FF6F58B1AA0F6B38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
038BFF67FFC1FFC4FF6F590DAB956F2E.text	038BFF67FFC1FFC4FF6F590DAB956F2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pollanisus amethystina (Meyrick 1888)	<div><p>Pollanisus amethystina</p><p>Published data (Mollet 2019).</p><p>Material examined (Table 15), all from Western Australia. 1 ♁ (781) (Figs 210, 211), 7 ♁, S. Jurien Bay, Sandy Cape Campground, 30°11.211′S, 115°00.130′E, 24.II.2009, e. l. on Hibbertia subvaginata, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC); 2 ♁, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.6207&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.02705" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.6207/lat -31.02705)">Moore River</a> N. P., 83 m, 31°01′37.38″S, 115°37′14.51″E, 04.XI.2011, day, S. &amp; B. Mollet leg. (BMC) .</p><p>Discussion and differential diagnosis. Pollanisus amethystina (Fig. 209) has a bluish green upper side of the abdomen and is smaller than P. cupreus and P. nielseni, which have coppery to gold abdominal upper-sides.</p><p>Pollanisus amethystina and P. empyrea are similar in size, but consistently differ in their external appearance. The forewing upper side of P. empyrea is uniformly brown with few metallic coppery scales, more densely scaled at the base of the wing, while P. amethystina has the forewing tinged with green, due to dispersed brilliant bluish to green scales on a brown background. The body is bluish green to golden in P. amethystina and brown and coppery in P. empyrea (Mollet 2019) . These two species have close but consistently different head ratios.</p><p>Phenology and bionomics. Pollanisus amethystina is active during the day, when disturbed and at night (1). P. amethystina is linked to its larval host-plant Hibbertia subvaginata (Figs 216, 217). The larvae of P. amethystina (Fig. 218) and P. empyrea (Fig. 215) are similar in habitus and cannot be used for differentiation.</p><p>(1) Pollanisus empyrea and P. amethystina were mostly collected at the larval stage on their host-plant and flying when disturbed in day time. Moreover these two species were collected flying at night in good numbers (Axel Kallies observation and collecting) and their similar head ratios compared with those of the crepuscular eastern Australian Pollanisus subdolosa suggests a similar crepuscular behavior.</p><p>The holotypes of the new species, and when possible some paratypes, will be deposited in the following museums:</p><p>- Queensland Museum, for species collected in Queensland.</p><p>- ANIC, for species collected in New South Wales</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038BFF67FFC1FFC4FF6F590DAB956F2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mollet, Bernard;Tarmann, Gerhard M.	Mollet, Bernard, Tarmann, Gerhard M. (2023): Revision of the genus Pollanisus Walker, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae). Zootaxa 5281 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5281.1.1
