identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038887C1FFDDE85DBE27044DFCB9A6CB.text	038887C1FFDDE85DBE27044DFCB9A6CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sebidae Walker 1907	<div><p>Family SEBIDAE Walker, 1907</p> <p>emend. Bousfield 1970</p> <p>ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTER. — Uropod III uni- or biramous.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887C1FFDDE85DBE27044DFCB9A6CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume, Damià;Sket, Boris;Boxshall, Geoff A.	Jaume, Damià, Sket, Boris, Boxshall, Geoff A. (2009): New subterranean Sebidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from Vietnam and SW Pacific. Zoosystema 31 (2): 249-277, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n2a3
038887C1FFDDE85CBFF00570FE22A14B.text	038887C1FFDDE85CBFF00570FE22A14B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seborgia Bousfield 1979	<div><p>Genus Seborgia Bousfield, 1979 emend.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Antennule short, less than half body length, longer than or equal to antenna, with more distal peduncle segments progressively shorter; accessory flagellum of antennule 1-articulate; flagellum of antenna shorter than corresponding peduncle. Incisor of both mandibles 5-dentate; lacinia mobilis present on both sides, left 5-dentate, similar to incisor, right reduced, multidentate; molar reduced to lappet crowned with single seta. Paragnaths with well-developed inner lobes, latter separated or fused proximally; outer lobes each with tubular pore presumably associated with salivary gland (see Barnard 1969: 11). Maxillule coxal endite (= inner lobe) unarmed; endopod (= palp) 2-segmented. Maxilla uni- or bilobed. Maxilliped basal endite (= inner plate) reduced, finger-like, with two simple setae distally; merus (= palp segment 1) short. Coxal plates I-IV much longer than broad, all about same length, larger than corresponding pereionites; coxa I broadly overlapping head, expanded anterodistally; coxae II and III narrow, subrectangular; coxa IV subrectangular with square excavation proximally on posterior margin. Coxal gills present on pereiopods II-VI, stalked, ovoid and smooth. Oostegites on pereiopods II-VI, long and slender, each with 2-4 simple marginal setae. Gnathopod I of similar size or, rarely, larger than gnathopod II, both with propodus widest distally; first gnathopod sub- or parachelate, second gnathopod parachelate; basis of gnathopod I longer than in gnathopod II; carpus of both gnathopods articulating on distolateral surface of merus, that of gnathopod II short. Urosomites separate. Margins of tergite of urosomite III produced posterolaterally into triangular process on each side covering origin of third uropods. Rami of uropods I and II notched subterminally; exopod of uropod III 1-segmented.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887C1FFDDE85CBFF00570FE22A14B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume, Damià;Sket, Boris;Boxshall, Geoff A.	Jaume, Damià, Sket, Boris, Boxshall, Geoff A. (2009): New subterranean Sebidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from Vietnam and SW Pacific. Zoosystema 31 (2): 249-277, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n2a3
038887C1FFDCE854BDDD030CFDCCA4F4.text	038887C1FFDCE854BDDD030CFDCCA4F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seborgia sanctensis Jaume & Sket & Boxshall 2009	<div><p>Seborgia sanctensis n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs 1-6)</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Vanuatu. Espíritu Santo, anchialine pool located outside entrance to Loren cave (14°58’49.2”S, 167°3’28.08”E), G. A. Boxshall and D. Jaume coll., 8.IX.2006, holotype brooding ♀ 1.90 mm preserved in 70% ethanol in single vial (MNHN-Am7544).</p> <p>Paratypes: same data as holotype, 7 brooding ♀♀ 1.63, 1.92, 1.71, 1.65, 1.81, 1.83 and 1.68 mm, plus additional 11 brooding ♀♀, 4 specimens of unknown sex, and 19 juveniles, not measured, all preserved in 70% ethanol in single vial (MNHN-Am7545); 10 specimens, none measured, preserved in 100% ethanol in single vial (BMNH 2009.28 - 37).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Flagellum of antennule longer than corresponding peduncle. Fifth peduncle segment of antenna elongate, longer than first peduncle segment of antennule. Mandibular palp segment 3 rhomboid, with several D-setae (sensu Stock 1974). Maxilla bilobed. Unguis of gnathopod I elongate. Uropod III biramous.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the type locality on the island of Espíritu Santo (Vanuatu).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION OF BROODING FEMALE</p> <p>(MALE UNKNOWN)</p> <p>Body (Fig. 1A) compact, with integument covered with densely set microspinules (partially shown in some figures); colourless; eyes lateral, fully developed and pigmented (pigment not shown in figures). Head (Fig. 1B) with triangular rostrum in lateral aspect, not over-reaching distally proximal half of first segment of antennulary peduncle; head lobe well developed, evenly rounded, extending slightly beyond tip of rostrum; antennary sinus broad, shallowly excavated.Hyaline frill along posterodorsal margin of each pleonite with four large triangular serrations (Fig. 1A). Epimeral plates (Fig. 6A) with posterodistal angle weakly produced into pointed process; plates progressively larger towards posterior, with armature reduced to 0 or 1 robust seta on distal margin of second plate only; distal margin of third plate straight. Urosomites II and III strongly telescoped, with third virtually hidden beneath second (Fig. 6C, F).</p> <p>Antennule (Fig. 1A, B) peduncle segments length ratio 44: 29: 27. Peduncle-to-main flagellum length ratio 45: 55. Main flagellum 7-articulate, article 5 longest; three distal articles each bearing aesthetasc, that on distal article reduced (Fig. 1C). Accessory flagellum bearing two simple slender setae plus one shorter penicillate seta (Fig. 1D).</p> <p>Antenna (Fig. 1A, B, E) shorter than antennule. Gland cone short, directed posteriorly. Peduncle segments 4 and 5 length ratio 47: 53; fifth peduncle segment longer than first peduncle segment of antennule. Flagellum 4-articulate, shorter than fifth peduncle segment, with short aesthetasc on first, second and fourth articles only (Fig. 1E).</p> <p>Labrum (Fig. 2A) with slightly produced epistome; anterior margin with sparsely-set, long and stout, simple setules; both lobes of bilobed distal margin microspinulate medially. Paragnaths (Fig. 2B) inner lobes shorter than outer, separate; both inner and outer lobes covered with sparsely-set short setules distally.</p> <p>Right mandible (Fig. 2C) spine row comprising three elements with brush-like setules between.Molar process distal seta slender, pappose; anterior margin of process covered with sparsely-set microspinules. Palp segments length ratio 28: 43: 29; second segment with cluster of 3 or 4 setae on distomedial margin. Distal segment rhomboidal, sparsely ornamented with long spinules and armed with three D-setae and four E-setae (sensu Stock 1974). Left mandible (Fig. 2D, E) as right counterpart except for lacinia (Fig. 2F), and with anterior margin of molar process covered with densely-set setules.</p> <p>Maxillule (Fig. 3A) with smooth conical coxal endite (= inner plate). Endopod with three short stiff simple setae on distal segment; latter longer than proximal segment (relative proportions of segments 20: 80). Basal endite (= outer plate) and endopod sparsely covered with long simple setules.</p> <p>Maxilla (Fig. 3B) bilobed, outer lobe with four setae, inner lobe with two; outer element on each lobe simple and reduced; one of two terminal elements on outer lobe simple; remaining elements on lobes stout, smooth distally but ornamented with stout pinnules proximally. Long setules sparsely-set on both lobes as figured.</p> <p>Maxilliped (Fig. 2G) palp relative length of carpus: propodus: dactylus: unguis as 40: 31: 20: 9. Maxillipedal segments from ischium (included) onwards ornamented with long simple spinules as figured; dactylus with conspicuous transverse comb row of long spinules subdistally.</p> <p>Coxal plate IV (Figs 1F; 3D) about 1.6 times longer than broad, widest just below square posterior excavation; anterior and posterior margins of plate slightly convex; excavation occupying proximal 26% of posterior margin. Coxal plate V (Figs 1F; 5A) bilobed, smaller anterior lobe covering square posterior excavation of coxa IV.</p> <p>Gnathopod I (Fig. 4A) subchelate, propodus about 1.5 times longer than broad, palm angle evenly rounded, located at 47% of maximum length of segment. Palm margin slightly convex, covered with short stout triangular denticles and with single flagellate robust seta located submarginally (Fig. 4B); palm angle with two stout robust bifid setae, one either side of angle, that on lateral side longer. Dactylus with terminal spine on medial margin. Unguis long and slender, about 33% length of dactylus.</p> <p>Gnathopod II (Fig. 4C) propodus subrectangular, about 1.3 times longer than broad; palm angle armed with single long, stout simple robust seta; palm margin (Fig. 4D) covered with stout triangular denticles and with three flagellate robust setae submarginally. Dactylus with two short terminal robust setae on medial margin; unguis short, about 15% length of dactylus.</p> <p>Pereiopods III and IV (Fig. 3C, D) slender, similar, with unguis not incorporated into dactylus, i. e. articulating basally with it; dactylus with subterminal simple seta on medial margin and shorter simple seta on distal margin.</p> <p>Pereiopods V-VII (Fig. 5) bases about 1.6, 1.5 and 1.4 times longer than broad, respectively, progressively broader towards posterior, with anterior and posterior margins displaying 1 or 2 simple slender setae at most; posterior margins evenly convex and virtually smooth (displaying 1 or 2 shallow notches at most).</p> <p>Pleopods (Fig. 6B) with protopod smooth, lacking setulation, each with subparallel margins except pleopod I (not figured; but see Fig. 11A), which bears swelling proximally on lateral margin. Protopods each with two retinacles.</p> <p>Uropods progressively shorter towards posterior (Figs 1A; 6C). Uropod I (Fig. 6D) protopod as long as rami, with robust flagellate seta on both posterolateral and posteromedial distal angles, plus another about midway along posterolateral margin. Rami about equal in length; endopod armed with flagellate robust seta; exopod with pair of robust setae, one simple, other flagellate; setae on both rami located around subterminal notch. Uropod II (Fig. 6E) similar to uropod I except for length of protopod, shorter than rami and lacking seta on lateral margin, and for relative length of rami, with exopod clearly shorter than endopod. Uropod III (Fig. 6F) protopod longer than rami, thick; rami unarmed, endopod longer.</p> <p>Telson (Fig.6F) with evenly rounded distal margin; armature comprising two pairs of penicillate setae plus five trifid setae distributed as figured.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Seborgia sanctensis n. sp. is the only sebid possessing a biramous third uropod, and the bilobed state of its maxilla is also noteworthy since it was previously known to occur only in the Sebinae. Even though these features provide some evidence to support the erection of a separate, new genus for this taxon, its overall similarity with the other Seborgia species is striking, and we prefer here to treat it as the representative of the genus exhibiting the most plesiomorphic character states. The other Seborgia species display a secondarily reduced state for both of these characters. By analogy, the validity of the monotypic Caribseba Shaw, 1989 within the Sebinae should be questioned, since the unique traits distinguishing this taxon from the extremely similar Seba are also reductions, such as the absence of the accessory flagellum from the antennule and the loss of certain setae on the appendages (see Shaw 1989: 1889), and so Caribseba might represent a terminal branch arising within the genus Seba.</p> <p>Additional unique features of the new taxon compared to other Seborgia species (Table 1) include: the flagellum of the antennule longer than the corresponding peduncle; the elongated antennal peduncle segment 5; the presence of several D-setae on the third segment of the mandibular palp; the outline of the latter segment (rhomboidal vs. slender and subparallel in other species); and the elongated unguis of the gnathopod I.</p> <p>ECOLOGY, ETHOLOGY</p> <p>The new species was discovered in a small anchialine pool (about 5 m in diameter and 0.5 m deep) located about 30 m inland from the shore. An active spring discharged into the pool during low tide but at high tide the water flow was greatly reduced and the water became slightly brackish (3.2 ppt). The pool is formed on coarse coral rubble and is locally surrounded by dense forest. This pool may well be connected to the nearby Loren cave system, the entrance of which is located about 50 m away. In addition to the new species, there were many tanaids in this pool, living within a thick blackish mat of algae/bacteria that coated the surface of the submerged stones and boulders.</p> <p>Specimens of Seborgia sanctensis n. sp. were observed alive under the stereo-microscope in the laboratory. The animals moved ventral side down, not upside-down or on one side. The stance of the animals is quite unusual for an amphipod, vaguely resembling an isopod due to their slightly dorsoventrally depressed body. It maintains the pleo- and urosome strongly reflexed beneath the pereion, having a short and “tail-less” appearance when viewed in dorsal aspect.Two embryos were invariably carried in the brood pouch of brooding females.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887C1FFDCE854BDDD030CFDCCA4F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume, Damià;Sket, Boris;Boxshall, Geoff A.	Jaume, Damià, Sket, Boris, Boxshall, Geoff A. (2009): New subterranean Sebidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from Vietnam and SW Pacific. Zoosystema 31 (2): 249-277, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n2a3
038887C1FFD4E84CBE09008AFDB6A040.text	038887C1FFD4E84CBE09008AFDB6A040.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seborgia vietnamica Jaume & Sket & Boxshall 2009	<div><p>Seborgia vietnamica n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs 7-11)</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Vietnam. Vinh Ha Long (Ha Long Bay), Gulf of Tonkin, phreatic lake in cave Đông Duc Tiên (GPS coordinates: 20°50.34’N, 107°16.77’E), island Đáo Van Giò, P. Trontelj &amp; B. Sket coll., 17. VI.2003, holotype brooding ♀ (oostegites developed, setose) 2.76 mm, completely dissected and mounted on single slide (BMNH 2009.38).</p> <p>Paratypes same data as holotype: 18 specimens (BMNH2009.39 - 48) including 7 brooding ♀♀, of which 5 measured (2.55, 2.55, 2.53, 2.60 and 2.88 mm); 32 specimens, sex unknown (OB BF UL).</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Polje Viêt Hái headwater, between rootlets in spring (20°48’08’’N, 107°02’29’’E; coordinates approximate, derived from Google Earth), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.04139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.802221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.04139/lat 20.802221)">Đáo Cát Bà island</a>, B. Sket &amp; P.Trontelj coll., 15.VI.2003, 2 specimens, one clearly juvenile (OB BF UL).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Posterior margin of coxa of female pereiopod IV strongly oblique. Mid-lateral armature of protopod of uropod I comprising several flagellate robust setae.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Species name derived from Vietnam, where it was found.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION OF BROODING FEMALE</p> <p>(MALE UNKNOWN)</p> <p>Body (Fig. 7A) completely unpigmented, eyeless, similar to S. sanctensis n. sp. except for narrow triangular head lobe (Fig. 8A), variably produced rostrum (cf. Figs 7A; 8A), and posterodorsal margin of pleonites lacking serrations (Fig. 11C, F). Outline of epimeral plates variable, from all with posterodistal angle distinct and produced into pointed process to only angles of plate II produced into pointed process (Fig. 19G).</p> <p>Antennule (Figs 7A; 8A) peduncle segments length ratio 44: 33: 23. Peduncle-to-main flagellum length ratio 64: 36. Main flagellum 4-articulate, proximal article longest, all articles with aesthetasc.Accessory flagellum with three slender simple setae, one shorter simple robust seta and one penicillate seta.</p> <p>Antenna (Figs 7A; 8A) differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in gland cone, directed laterally (vs. posteriorly); in length ratio of peduncle segments 4-5 (57.5: 42.5; vs. 47: 53 in S. sanctensis n. sp.); in length of peduncle segment 5 relative to first peduncle segment of antennule (segment shorter; vs. longer in S. sanctensis n. sp.); and in articles of flagellum, all approximately similar in length, with short aesthetasc present on articles 2 and 4 only.</p> <p>Labrum (Fig. 9A) as in S. sanctensis n. sp. Paragnaths (Fig. 8C) with inner lobes longer than outer lobes (reverse of S. sanctensis n. sp.).</p> <p>Right mandible differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in composition of spine row, with series of buds probably corresponding to additional spines located proximal to three well-defined, ordinary distal spines (Fig. 8B); left mandible spine row with similar buds, although here there are four rather than three well-defined distal spines (Fig. 9B). Molar process of both mandibles with smooth anterior margin (vs. margin ornamented with setules or microspinules in S. sanctensis n. sp.) and distal seta smooth with trifid tip (vs. pappose and unicuspid in S. sanctensis n. sp.). Mandibular palp (Fig. 9C) differing in relative proportions of segments (22: 52: 26; vs. 28: 43: 29 in S. sanctensis n. sp.), demonstrating elongation of segment 2 in S. vietnamica n. sp., and in segment 3 narrow and subrectangular instead of rhomboidal; in addition, armature of distal segment reduced to four E-setae only (cf. D-setae also present on medial margin of segment in S. sanctensis n. sp.).</p> <p>Maxillule (Fig. 9D) differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in ornamentation of coxal endite, covered with long simple setules (vs. endite smooth in S. sanctensis n. sp.), in having only two setae instead of three on distal segment of endopod, and in much shorter endopod segment 2 (relative proportions of segments 50: 50; vs. 20: 80 in S. sanctensis n. sp.).</p> <p>Maxilla (Fig. 8D) reduced to single lobe equivalent to outer lobe of S. sanctensis n. sp. based on common display of four armature elements; ornamentation of elements different; two medial elements tricuspidate, two lateral elements simple. Protuberance covered with weak setules positioned close to base of lobe on medial side presumably equivalent to inner lobe of maxilla.</p> <p>Maxilliped (Fig. 8E) differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in relative proportions of carpus-to-unguis of palp (41: 34: 19: 6; vs. 40: 31: 20: 9 in S. sanctensis n. sp.), especially on proportionately longer propodus (= palp segment 3) and noticeably shorter and more slender unguis; and in absence of transverse comb of long spinules on dactylus, among other features.</p> <p>Coxa IV (Fig.9F) with portion of posterior margin below proximal square excavation strongly oblique; anterior margin of plate straight.</p> <p>Gnathopod I (Fig. 10A) subchelate, propodus about 1.3 times longer than broad (vs. 1.5 times longer in S. sanctensis n. sp.), with pointed palm angle located at 54% of maximum length of segment (vs. at 47% in S. sanctensis n. sp.). Palm margin convex, densely ornamented with slender triangular denticles and row of about five submarginal flagellate robust setae; palm angle (Fig. 10B) with two robust setae, one on each side of angle, that on lateral side shorter (vs. longer in S. sanctensis n. sp.) and bifid, other simple. Dactylus (Fig. 10C) with two tiny robust setae terminally on medial margin (vs. long spine in S. sanctensis n. sp.); unguis short and stout, about 12% length of dactylus (vs. 33% in S. sanctensis n. sp.).</p> <p>Gnathopod II (Fig. 10D) propodus subquadrate, with convex palm margin covered with stout triangular denticles and submarginal row of about nine robust flagellate setae; palm angle with short and stout, hardly visible simple robust seta (Fig. 10F); dactylus with two short simple robust setae terminally on medial margin, and with hyaline sheath almost completely covering unguis (Fig. 10E); unguis tiny, about 3% length of dactylus.</p> <p>Pereiopods III-IV (Fig. 9E, F) with unguis fully incorporated into dactylus; latter unarmed.</p> <p>Pereiopods V-VII (Fig. 7 B-D) bases each about 1.5 times longer than broad, that of pereiopod V longest (vs. basis of pereiopod V shortest in S. sanctensis n. sp.); anterior margin of bases provided with 3 or 4 flagellate robust setae; posterior margin evenly convex with 3-5 serrations each provided with slender simple seta.</p> <p>Pleopods with protopod variably setulose (Fig.11A, B); that of pleopod I with proximal swelling covered with long setules (Fig. 11A).</p> <p>Uropods I and II (Fig. 11 C-E) differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in display of additional robust setae on posterolateral margin of protopod and on both rami. Uropod III (Fig. 11F) uniramous, with ramus considerably longer than protopod.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Seborgia vietnamica n. sp. is unique in the possession of a series of flagellate robust setae mid-laterally on the protopod of uropod I. The other species of the genus have a single robust seta at most in the homologous position.The strongly oblique posterior margin of coxa IV is also unique in Seborgia, although in S. relicta – where coxa IV is sexually-dimorphic – the margin in the female is slightly oblique (see Holsinger &amp;Longley 1980: fig. 25d). The peculiar serrated tip of the long setules present on some limb segments is probably also characteristic of the species, although it is only visible under the highest magnification and could have been overlooked in the other species.Additional diagnostic features of the new taxon compared with other Seborgia species are given in Table 1.</p> <p>ECOLOGY</p> <p>A moderately dense population of these amphipods was found in the cave lake in Đông Duc Tiên on the small island Đáo Van Giò (eastern part of Ha Long Bay, 15 km off the coast). At the time of the visit it was a water body up to 1.5 m deep and approximately 100 × 20 m in surface area, fragmented by large boulders into a system of interconnected basins with loamy bottom. Water was slightly brackish (4-5 ppt salinity). From the nature of its fauna, we infer that this body of water is, at least during highest levels, connected to and included in the general body of phreatic water of the island. The island is slightly over 1 km 2 in surface area, with a complex branching outline, its width in few locations reaching as much as 400 m. Copepods and oligochaetes were extremely scarce. The lake is inhabited by a small population of a troglobiotic freshwater fish (Pisces, Balitoridae, Nemacheilinae). It is surprising that a freshwater fish could have survived on such a small island, possibly since the Pleistocene, when it was a continental hill.</p> <p>Only a few specimens were found on the larger island Đáo Cát Bà, in an inland karst spring, most probably in the permanently freshwater zone.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887C1FFD4E84CBE09008AFDB6A040	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume, Damià;Sket, Boris;Boxshall, Geoff A.	Jaume, Damià, Sket, Boris, Boxshall, Geoff A. (2009): New subterranean Sebidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from Vietnam and SW Pacific. Zoosystema 31 (2): 249-277, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n2a3
038887C1FFCCE844BC29020EFF2AA322.text	038887C1FFCCE844BC29020EFF2AA322.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Seborgia kanaka Jaume & Sket & Boxshall 2009	<div><p>Seborgia kanaka n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs 12-17)</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Loyalty Islands. Lifou, Grotte de Luengoni (20°58’38.5”S, 167°22’59.1”E), G. A. Boxshall and D. Jaume coll., 22.X.2000, holotype 1.71 mm, sex unknown (lacking oostegites or penile papillae), completely dissected and mounted on two slides (MNHN- Am7546).</p> <p>Paratypes same data as holotype: 3 specimens of 1.77, 1.79 and 1.87 mm, former completely dissected and mounted on single slide (MNHN-Am7547); latter 2 preserved in 70% ethanol vial (MNHN-Am7548).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Basis of maxillipeds fused to each other and incorporated into common segment with fused coxae. Posterior margin of basis of pereiopods V-VII angled. Coxal gills bilobed.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Species name derived from the Kanak, the original inhabitants of the Loyalty Islands.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE</p> <p>Body (Fig. 12A) unpigmented, micro-occulate, eyes faintly pigmented retaining about five facets (Fig. 12B). Differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in conspicuously hispid condition (see Fig. 12E; short setules covering uniformly most of body integument omitted from most of figures) and in hardly developed rostrum (Fig. 12B). Posterodorsal margin of pleonites smooth (Fig. 12E), only epimeral plate II with posterodistal angle produced posteriorly into pointed process; plates I and III with groove immediately above angle (Fig. 13F).</p> <p>Antennule (Figs 12A; 13A) peduncle segments length ratio 46: 29: 25. Peduncle-to-main flagellum length ratio 60: 40. Main flagellum 4-articulate, distal article longest, all articles with aesthetasc. Accessory flagellum (Fig. 13B) with three simple slender setae and one shorter robust seta; penicillate seta apparently absent.</p> <p>Antenna (Figs12A; 13C) differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in length ratio of peduncle segments 4-5 (57: 43 vs. 47: 53) and in length of peduncle segment 5 relative to first peduncle segment of antennule (segment shorter vs. longer in S. sanctensis n. sp.). In addition, proximal article of flagellum lacking aesthetasc (aesthetasc present in S. sanctensis n. sp.).</p> <p>Labrum (Fig.13A, D) virtually identical to S. sanctensis n. sp. Paragnaths (Fig. 13E) inner lobes fused proximally (lobes separated in S. sanctensis n. sp.).</p> <p>Mandibles (Fig. 14 A-E) differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in presence of four elements in spine row instead of three, in smooth anterior margin of molar, and in simple condition of seta on latter process. Palp (Fig. 14D) segments almost identical in relative proportions in both species (23: 52: 25 vs. 22: 52: 26 in S. sanctensis n. sp.), although distal segment of S. kanaka n. sp. devoid of D-setae and with three E-setae (vs. four in S. sanctensis n. sp.).</p> <p>Maxillule (Fig. 15A) as in S. sanctensis n. sp. except for sparsely setulose coxal endite and relative proportions of endopod segments (47: 53 vs. 20: 80 in S. sanctensis n. sp.).</p> <p>Maxilla (Fig. 15B) reduced to single lobe with four simple setae; lobe equivalent to outer lobe of S. sanctensis n. sp., based on presence of same number of armature elements.</p> <p>Maxillipeds (Fig. 14F) differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in basis of each limb fused to opposite member of pair and incorporated into common compound segment with fused coxae. Relative proportions of carpus-to-unguis of palp 47: 33: 16: 4 (vs. 40: 31: 20: 9 in S. sanctensis n. sp.); transverse comb of long spinules on dactylus lacking.</p> <p>Coxal plate IV (Fig. 15D) 2.2 times longer than broad (vs. 1.6 times in S. sanctensis n. sp.), with both anterior and posterior margins straight (vs. slightly convex in S. sanctensis n. sp.); excavation covering only proximal 13% of posterior margin (26% in S. sanctensis n. sp.). Coxa V (Fig. 17A) anterior lobe wanting. Coxal gills (Figs 15C, D; 16C) each with small sacciform protuberance posterolaterally on proximal part.</p> <p>D</p> <p>C E</p> <p>Gnathopod I (Fig. 16A) subchelate, propodus about 1.1 times broader than long (vs. 1.5 times longer than broad in S. sanctensis n. sp.), with palm angle acute, located at 63% of maximum length of segment (vs. at 47% in S. sanctensis n. sp.). Palm margin broadly convex, covered with stout triangular denticles and with submarginal row of about five flagellate robust setae; palm angle with one long and stout simple robust seta on medial side, plus short and slender flagellate robust seta on lateral side. Dactylus (Fig. 16B) with two short robust setae terminally on medial margin, plus hyaline sheath almost completely covering unguis; latter minute, about 5% length of dactylus. Gnathopod II (Fig. 16C) propodus about 1.2 times broader than long (vs. 1.3 times longer than broad in S. sanctensis n. sp.), with palm angle strongly protruded distomedially; palm angle armed with single short and stout simple robust seta; palm margin with row of stout triangular denticles and with submarginal row of about six flagellate robust setae. Dactylus with two tiny terminal robust setae on medial margin, plus hyaline sheath almost completely covering unguis; latter tiny, about 6% length of dactylus (vs. 15% in S. sanctensis n. sp.). Pereiopods III and IV (Fig. 15C, D) each with unguis incorporated into dactylus, latter with single simple seta subterminally on medial margin; hyaline sheath on distal margin of dactylus covering unguis anteriorly; medial margin of dactylus with row of densely set spinules. Pereiopods V-VII (Fig. 17 B-D) each with basis about 1.5 times longer than broad; anterior margin with 2 or 3 robust setae; posterior margin produced into angle (margin evenly convex in other species), with 1-3 notches each provided with slender simple seta. Pleopods (Fig. 12C, D) with protopod setulose along lateral margin only; proximal swelling on protopod I smooth. Uropods I-II (Fig. 12F, G) differing from S. sanctensis n. sp. in possession of additional robust seta about midway along each ramus, and in relative length of rami of uropod I, with exopod clearly shorter than endopod (rami about equal in length in S. sanctensis n. sp.). Uropod III (Fig.12E) uniramous, ramus shorter than protopod.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Seborgia kanaka n. sp. is unique in possessing an angled posterior margin of the basis of pereiopods V-VII, all other Seborgia species have a bowed, variably convex posterior margin on this segment. The fusion of the basis of both maxillipeds into a common compound segment with the fused coxae is also a unique feature of the new species, although such a fusion apparently also occurs in at least some members of Seba (see Larsen 2007: fig. 8j). Another probable autapomorphic trait of the new species is the loss of the anterior lobe of the coxa of pereiopod V; however, the state of this character is not indicated in the descriptions of S. minima Bousfield, 1970 and S. schieckei Ruffo, 1983. Additional diagnostic features of the new taxon are given in Table 1.</p> <p>Seborgia kanaka n. sp. is, together with the female of S. relicta Holsinger &amp; Longley, 1980, the only member of the genus displaying a strongly concave posterior margin of the propodus of gnathopod II, a by-product of the strong protrusion of the palm angle. Since the male of S. relicta does not display this feature, the morphology of the second gnathopod of the new species may provide evidence that the four specimens currently known are females.</p> <p>ECOLOGY</p> <p>Grotte de Luengoni – the type locality of the new species – lies about 2 km to the NE of the small village of Luengoni and opens in an upraised coral reef terrace via a sinkhole about 40 m in diameter and 30 m deep. A detailed description and topography of the cave appears in Thomas et al. (1995). There are two lakes, one in direct sunlight, the other fully subterranean. The surface water in both lakes is brackish, although the deepest parts (– 31 m) of the cave lake may be fully marine. Three of the specimens of Seborgia kanaka n. sp. were captured with baited traps set at a depth of 4 m inside the cave, whereas the fourth was caught with a hand net in the dimly lit part of the outside lake, which is directly connected to the cave lake.The accompanying fauna in the cave lake consisted of Stygocyclopia sp. (Copepoda, Calanoida, Pseudocyclopiidae Sars, 1902), Josephosella microps Stock &amp; Iliffe, 1995 (Amphipoda, Melitidae Bousfield, 1973), Macrobrachium microps Holthuis, 1978 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815), eels and other fishes. In the exterior lake were harpacticoid and cyclopoid copepods plus undetermined polychaete worms.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887C1FFCCE844BC29020EFF2AA322	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume, Damià;Sket, Boris;Boxshall, Geoff A.	Jaume, Damià, Sket, Boris, Boxshall, Geoff A. (2009): New subterranean Sebidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from Vietnam and SW Pacific. Zoosystema 31 (2): 249-277, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n2a3, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n2a3
