identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0388E90FFFD6297A2F97E41523C2F929.text	0388E90FFFD6297A2F97E41523C2F929.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mangeliinae Fischer 1883	<div><p>Subfamily Mangeliinae Fischer, 1883</p><p>The following genus is known only from empty shells, and its systematic position remains unconfirmed. Sysoev (1997) referred it to ‘Conoidea incertae sedis’. However, on general shell characters I tentatively retain it in the Mangeliinae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388E90FFFD6297A2F97E41523C2F929	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kilburn, Richard N.	Kilburn, Richard N. (2004): The identities of Otitoma and Antimitra (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conidae and Buccinidae). African Invertebrates 45: 263-270, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666776
0388E90FFFD729782FF4E2D621CEFCD0.text	0388E90FFFD729782FF4E2D621CEFCD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otitoma Jousseaume 1898	<div><p>Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898</p><p>Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898: 106 . Type species (virtual tautonomy) Otitoma ottitoma Jousseaume, 1898 .</p><p>Thelecytharella Shuto, 1969: 208 (as subgenus of Euclathurella). Syn. n. Type species (o.d.) Agladrillia oyamai Shuto, 1965, Miocene of Philippines (and Japan).</p><p>[Junior synonyms of Thelecytharella Shuto, 1969, were listed by Kilburn (1995: 262).]</p><p>Remarks: Although Powell (1966: 126) regarded Otitoma as a nomen dubium, its type species can now be recognised and proves to be a synonym of the widely distributed Pleurotoma cyclophora Deshayes, 1863 . Powell (1966) and others have referred P. cyclophora to Daphnella Hinds, 1844, subgenus Hemidaphne Hedley, 1918 . However, the three­whorled protoconch is domed, with protoconch II smooth, except for a few arcuate axial riblets near its termination and extremely minute granular sculpture, and totally lacks the diagonally reticulate sculpture, characterisitic of the genus Daphnella . In overall characters, P. cyclophora agrees well with members of the group previously called Thelecytharella (see Kilburn 1995), over which Otitoma clearly has priority. The radula of this genus remains unknown.</p><p>Daphnella crenulata Pease, 1868 (Fig. 14), is based on a juvenile of Otitoma cyclophora . Although Powell (1966) referred D. crenulata to Antimitra Iredale, 1917, that taxon has been much­misunderstood, and in fact its type species, Pleurotoma aegrota Reeve, 1845, shows no characters indicative of a turrid genus. The two syntypes (Fig. 1) appear to be based on juveniles of a species of Metula Adams &amp; Adams, 1853, family Buccinidae .</p><p>Of described turrids, I refer the following Recent species, which have been distributed in the published literature amongst a wide range of different genera, to Otitoma . I have examined types of all species, with the exception of Hemidaphne gouldi for which</p><p>SEM’s are available. Literature references to these taxa are omitted, as these can be found in Tucker (2004). carnicolor Hervier, 1896, Drillia crenulata Pease, 1868, Daphnella [= Pleurotoma cyclophora] crokerensis Shuto, 1983, Austropusilla (Metaclathurella) cyclophora Deshayes, 1863, Pleurotoma gouldi Yen, 1944, Hemidaphne [synonym Mangelia pura] kecil Sysoev, 1997, Thelecytharella kwandangensis Schepman, 1913, Drillia lirata Reeve, 1845, Pleurotoma metuloides Kilburn, 1995, Thelecytharella mitra Kilburn, 1986, Mitrellatoma oneili Barnard, 1958, Drillia ottitoma Jousseaume, 1898, Otitoma [= Pleurotoma cyclophora]</p><p>pura Gould, 1860 (non Reeve, 1846), Mangelia [= Hemidaphne gouldi] rubiginosa Hinds, 1843, Clavatula timorensis Schepman, 1913, Drillia vitrea Reeve, 1845, Pleurotoma . Although Otitoma ottitoma is synonymised with O. cyclophora, the following description is based on the ottitoma morph, primarily on series from Mozambique, which agree well with the neotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388E90FFFD729782FF4E2D621CEFCD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kilburn, Richard N.	Kilburn, Richard N. (2004): The identities of Otitoma and Antimitra (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conidae and Buccinidae). African Invertebrates 45: 263-270, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666776
0388E90FFFD4297C2F6AE1BC233FFE60.text	0388E90FFFD4297C2F6AE1BC233FFE60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otitoma cyclophora (Deshayes 1863) Kilburn 2004	<div><p>Otitoma cyclophora (Deshayes, 1863), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 2–14</p><p>Pleurotoma cyclophora Deshayes, 1863: 111, pl. 12, figs 19–21. Type locality: Réunion Is .</p><p>Hemidaphne cyclophora: Hedley 1922: 332, pl. 54, fig. 168; Hasegawa, Okutani &amp; Tsuchida 2000: 663, pl.</p><p>330, fig. 221.</p><p>Daphnella (Hemidaphne) cyclophora: Powell 1966: 124; Cernohorsky 1978: 160, pl. 57, fig. 4; Higo,</p><p>Calloman &amp; Goto 1999: 328.</p><p>Daphnella crenulata Pease, 1868: 221, pl. 15, fig. 20; Tryon 1884: 304, pl. 25, fig. 55; Johnston 1994: 11,</p><p>pl. 7, fig. 3 (lectotype). Syn. n. Type locality: Polynesia [Howland Island, restricted Johnston</p><p>1994].</p><p>Antimitra crenulata: Powell 1966: 135 .</p><p>Otitoma ottitoma Jousseaume, 1898: 106 . Syn. n. Type locality: Aden [here restricted] and Djibouti.</p><p>Ottitoma ottitoma [sic]: Fulton 1922: 27.</p><p>Description (based on series from northern Mozambique, Figs 3–8): Shell fusiformcylindrical, breadth/length 0.26–0.35, aperture length/total length 0.38–0.48; spire somewhat cyrtoconoid, suture shallow, whorls weakly convex, last whorl subcylindrical, slightly asymmetrical (base inclined to right), aperture narrowly elliptical, slightly constricted at entrance to siphonal canal, latter short, terminally slightly expanded, somewhat obliquely truncate, very shallowly indented. Outer lip shallowly convex and opisthocline in side view, stromboid notch strong and bevelled, anal sinus deep and lacrimiform, opening strongly constricted by parietal pad; interior of outer lip smooth, columella microscopically rugose.</p><p>Sculptured by thin spiral ridges, subsutural cord ill­defined, somewhat impressed on later whorls, growth lines coarse, often rendering the spirals weakly granular, regularly finely plicate in intervals on latter part of last whorl, occasionally forming</p><p>2 3 4 5 6 7 8</p><p>9 10 11 12 13 14</p><p>irregular axial riblets elsewhere. Spiral ridges much narrower than their intervals (mostly approx. 0.2 their width, on base sometimes subequal to them), 5–6 relatively close spirals on teleoconch I, 6–9 on penultimate whorl (excluding subsutural cord), 22–25 on last whorl (15–18 on outside of terminal varix), the basal 7 sometimes higher, rounder and more sharply incised than the others, sometimes weak and angular; 1–2 ridges bordering subsutural cord are finer than the others. Sulcus illdefined; subsutural cord distinct; initially similar in strength to spiral ridges but separated by a minutely wider gap and forming a slight shoulder at suture, from second whorl subsutural cord is convex (but little stronger) and nodular; on last whorl the subsutural cord becomes flattened, with two thin, undulating spiral threads and lunulate growth lines. Intervals between spiral ridges with dense, microscopic spiral striae.</p><p>Colour uniform pale buff, protoconch white.</p><p>Protoconch bluntly papillose, of approx. 1.7 convex whorls, superficially smooth but under high magnification dense, somewhat spirally­aligned granules (see Fig. 8) are visible; suture deep; breadth 0.52–0.59 mm.</p><p>Operculum present, unguiform with terminal nucleus (neotype).</p><p>Dimensions NMSA (H376, largest and smallest examples): 10.9 x 3.5 mm, 7.7 x 2.1 mm.</p><p>Type material: Pleurotoma cyclophora: types evidently lost (not traced in MNHN nor UCBL).</p><p>Daphnella crenulata: lectotype (des. Johnston 1994) ANSP 15694, paralectotype MCZ 221177 .</p><p>Otitoma ottitoma: no types are extant amongst the Jousseaume collection in the MNHN. However, a specimen in the Melvill­Tomlin collection (NMWC 1955.158.33.58) from Aden, identified as O. ottitoma, is accompanied by a label (in Hugh Fulton’s handwriting, teste Ms A. Trew, 6/iv/94) stating “named by Dr Jouss. 31/ 7/95 (not yet named)”. This shell might be interpreted as a syntype, but in order both to fix the identity of the genus and species and to avert any possible dispute, it is here designated as neotype. Although it lacks the early whorls (remaining dimensions 6.5 x 2.5 mm), the specimen can be matched closely among samples from northern Mozambique .</p><p>Material examined from Indian Ocean: SOUTH YEMEN: Aden, neotype. N. MOZAMBIQUE: Lunga Bay, under rock slabs, on muddy sand and Thalassodendron, NMSA H 376, K. Grosch; Nacala, NMSA K9329, don. Mrs H. Boswell; Conducia Bay, NMSA J4124, K. Grosch. MASCARENES: Réunion Is., M. Jay; Gris Gris Beach, Mauritius, NMSA K9329, R. Kilburn, D. Herbert .</p><p>Distribution: South Yemen and southern Red Sea, south to northern Mozambique and Mascarene Islands, and east (published records) to southern Japan and Polynesia.</p><p>Remarks: It was initially believed that Otitoma ottitoma (Figs 2–8) could be recognized as a species distinct from O. cyclophora, based on comparison between a topotypic series of the latter (Figs 9–13) and Mozambican samples that agree with the neotype of O. ottitoma . Thus in typical O. cyclophora the last whorl is somewhat less asymmetrical, the subsutural cord is more convex and bears a row of stronger tubercles, which crenulate or finely plicate the suture; beneath the sulcus is a corresponding row of more elongate tubercles, each pair joined by an arcuate axial riblet (representing an early anal sinus scar), which is indented by the sulcus. Spiral ridges are usually somewhat fewer (9–10 on penultimate whorl, against 6–9 in form ottitoma) and more strongly granular. However, these differences are not always clear­cut and appear to represent populationlevel or geographic variation. The subsutural plicules are never as strong as illustrated by Deshayes (1863, see Figs 9–10).</p><p>The lectotype of Daphnella crenulata Pease, 1868 (Fig. 14) is a juvenile with a broken lip, but resembles topotypes of O. cyclophora in similar condition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388E90FFFD4297C2F6AE1BC233FFE60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kilburn, Richard N.	Kilburn, Richard N. (2004): The identities of Otitoma and Antimitra (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conidae and Buccinidae). African Invertebrates 45: 263-270, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666776
0388E90FFFD0297C2FB7E00E2318FCA0.text	0388E90FFFD0297C2FB7E00E2318FCA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metula Adams & Adams 1853	<div><p>Metula Adams &amp;. Adams, 1853</p><p>Metula Adams &amp;Adams, 1853: 84 . Type species (s.d. Kobelt 1876): Buccinum clathratum Adams &amp; Reeve, 1850, non Kiener, 1834 [= Metula amosi Vanatta, 1913].</p><p>Antimitra Iredale, 1917: 329 . Syn. n. Type species (o.d.): Pleurotoma aegrota Reeve, 1845 .</p><p>Remarks: Powell’s 1966 interpretation of Antimitra was based on a raphitomine turrid misidentified as Pleurotoma aegrota, but with little resemblance to syntypes of that.</p><p>The apical whorls in particular differ widely – compare Shuto (1975: pl. 6, fig. 1, and</p><p>Fig. 1, herein), and the description given by Powell (1966: 135).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388E90FFFD0297C2FB7E00E2318FCA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kilburn, Richard N.	Kilburn, Richard N. (2004): The identities of Otitoma and Antimitra (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conidae and Buccinidae). African Invertebrates 45: 263-270, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666776
0388E90FFFD0297C2F85E1362254FBC8.text	0388E90FFFD0297C2F85E1362254FBC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metula aegrota (Reeve 1845) Kilburn 2004	<div><p>Metula aegrota (Reeve, 1845) comb. n.</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Pleurotoma aegrota Reeve, 1845: pl. 31, sp. 276. Type locality: Singapore, 7 fath. [= approx. 13 m].</p><p>Antimitra aegrata [sic]: Shuto 1975: 168, pl. 6, figs 1 (protoconch), 2 (lip profile).</p><p>NOT Antimitra aegrota: Powell 1966: 135, pl. 22, fig. 3.</p><p>Type material: Two syntypes BMNH 1963924 .</p><p>Remarks: The identity of Metula aegrota is based on juvenile shells, and remains to be established with more precision through direct comparison with growth series of described species of genus Metula . Unfortunately the apical whorls in adult shells are almost always eroded or damaged.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388E90FFFD0297C2F85E1362254FBC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kilburn, Richard N.	Kilburn, Richard N. (2004): The identities of Otitoma and Antimitra (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conidae and Buccinidae). African Invertebrates 45: 263-270, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666776
