identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03882C1EFFCEFFD0F0B13F0CFA20ADFB.text	03882C1EFFCEFFD0F0B13F0CFA20ADFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplothrips	<div><p>Key to Haplothrips second instar larvae</p><p>[A measurement in parentheses after the indicated range for a structure is the most common condition not a mean]</p><p>1. Apices of most dorsal setae expanded or knobbed (Figs 68–69), but shortest setae may be pointed or blunt (Figs 66–67); sclerotization: sclerite pI on mesonotum usually wider than pII (Figs 46–47); segment VIII with wide sclerotized band entirely surrounding spiracles (Fig. 60); setae V2 on sternite XI usually more than 200 microns; red pigment distributed unevenly on head, prothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments I–IV, VII–X or entire body uniformly pale pink or orange (Figs 22–26) ................................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Most setal apices pointed or blunt (Figs 66–67); sclerotization less well-developed, mesonotal sclerites pI usually smaller than pII (Fig. 45) or vestigial (Fig. 44); setae V2 on abdominal sternite XI less than 200 microns; body colour uniformly red (Fig. 21)................................................................................................. 7</p><p>2. Head, thorax and abdomen uniformly light pink (Fig. 22) or orange (Fig. 23); most body setae knobbed (Fig. 69); spiracle cells without pores (Figs 79–82 a–c); setae long, especially D1 on head (more than 50 microns on average); mean length of meso- and metanotal setae D5&gt;60 microns; setae V1 on abdominal segment VIII&gt;80 microns............................. 3</p><p>- Red pigment distributed only within some body parts: head, prothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments I–IV, VII–X (Figs 24–26), rest of body white or cream; most setal apices expanded (Fig. 68); spiracle cells with pores (Figs 75, 77 a–c); setae generally shorter...................................................................................... 4</p><p>3. Antennae bicoloured, darkening towards apex (Fig. 35), segments I–III usually pale (or II darker), IV dark on distal half, V–VII wholly dark; sclerotization around body setae less well-developed (Fig. 52); pronotal sclerites trapezoidal (Fig. 34); pronotal seta D1 bent (Fig. 34); pronotal setae D5 and D6&gt;80 microns; meso- and metanotal setae D1–D3 50–60 microns. [Europe, Near East, North Africa, North America; leaves and stems of Verbascum spp.]............................... verbasci</p><p>- Antennae usually uniformly dark (Fig. 36); sclerotization around body setae well developed (Fig. 53); pronotal sclerites almost rectangular with straight inner margins (Fig. 33); metasternum sometimes with additional pair of small sclerites (Fig. 48); pronotal setae D5 and D6 60–70 microns; meso- and metanotal setae D1–D3 20–40 microns. [Palearctic; flowers of various Asteraceae species eg. Cirsium, Carduus &amp; Knautia spp.].......................................... distinguendus</p><p>4. Only abdominal segments VII–X red; rest of body cream or yellowish (Fig. 24); sculpture of cuticle from prothorax to end of abdomen very distinct, clearly visible on both dorsal and ventral surfaces (Fig. 43); antennae 200–235 microns long, segment VI 1.2–1.7 times as long as wide......................................................................... 5</p><p>- Red colour usually present on head, thorax and anterior abdominal segments as well as VII–X (Fig. 26); sculpture of cuticle less distinct, better developed ventrally on distal segments; antennae 237–295 microns long, segment VI 1.7–3.1 times as long as wide............................................................................................. 6</p><p>5. Cephalic setal apices expanded (Fig. 68); antennal segment V 1.3–1.7 as long as wide; abdominal segment IX setae: apex of D1 lanceolate (= flattened at some length), D2 forked (Figs 70–71), both 50–62 microns long; seta V1 pointed (85–110 microns long). [Holarctic into Oriental region; inflorescences of Poaceae, including cereal crops such as Secale cereale]... aculeatus</p><p>- Cephalic setal apices pointed (Fig. 66); antennal segment V about 1.9 times as long as wide; abdominal segment IX setae: apex of D1 and D2 expanded (respective lengths 83 and 33 microns); seta V1 pointed (about 55 microns long). [Europe, Near East, North Africa; on Juncaceae and Cyperaceae]......................................................... juncorum</p><p>6. Head, prothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments III, IV and VII–X red, remaining segments white or cream (Fig. 25); antennae pale, segments I–II slightly darker, III paler, IV–VII darker apically (Fig. 38); antennal segments III and IV 2.5–3.0 times as long as wide; abdominal segment IX setae: D1 flattened at some length (length 80–90 microns, Fig. 70), D2 forked (length 80–98 microns, Fig. 71); maxillary palps 30–35 microns long; spiracle cells mainly with 2–3 pores; mesosternum sometimes with additional pair of small sclerites (Fig. 49). [Europe; on leaves of trees and shrubs as predator]....... subtilissimus</p><p>- Head, prothorax and abdominal segments VII–X red, sometimes also I and/or II (Fig. 26); antennae dark, segments III and IV 2.1–2.4 times as long as wide; abdominal segment IX setae: D1 pointed (102–132 microns long); D2 expanded (41–55 microns long); maxillary palps 22–27 microns long; spiracle cells with one pore (Figs 77 a–c). [Palearctic; thermophilic, flowers of Armeria maritima, Scleranthus perennis, Jasione montana].......................................... acanthoscelis</p><p>7. Posterior margins of pronotal sclerites reduced medially (Fig. 31), setae D1 close margin; mesonotal sclerites pII absent (Fig. 44); antennal segments III–V 1.4–1.7 times as long as wide (Fig. 41); setae D2 on head 9–16 microns long; maxillary palps 7–17 microns long, meso- and metanotal setae D5 47–74 microns long........................................... 8</p><p>- Posterior margins of pronotal sclerites well-developed with sclerotization around setae D1 (Fig. 32); two pairs of mesonotal sclerites generally present, second pair wider than first (Fig. 45); antennal segments III–V nearly 2.0 times as long as wide; setae D2 on head 12–35 microns long; maxillary palps 15–21 microns long, meso- and metanotal setae D5 53–100 microns long................................................................................................ 9</p><p>8. Sternite VIII sclerotized band extends far beyond seta V2 or entirely fused with seta V1 (Fig. 59); cephalic setae, also segment IX setae D2 and V2 pointed; setal lengths: D1 on head (23–32 microns), D4 on pronotum (22–35 microns), V1 on abdominal sternite IX (62–75 microns). [Palearctic, flowers of Achillea millefolium]............................... angusticornis</p><p>- Sternite VIII sclerotized band not extending between setae V1 and V2, very weak around setae V1 (Fig. 55); cephalic setae, also D2 and V2 on segment IX blunt; setal lengths: D1 on head (27–41 microns), D4 on pronotum (33–50 microns), V1 on abdominal sternite IX (72–95 microns). [Central Europe to Eastern Palearctic; on Helichrysum arenarium]....... arenarius</p><p>9. Body length about 2.5 mm; distance between antennae 17–25 (usually 20) microns; setal lengths: D1 on tergite IX (105–122 microns) (usually 111), V2 on sternite X 157–212 microns (usually 194), head seta D2 (27–35 microns) (usually 31), mesonotal setae D2 and D3 (30–40 microns). [Europe; thermophilous, flowers of Dianthus sp.]......................... dianthinus</p><p>- Body length 1.2–2.3 mm; distance between antennae 10–24 microns; setal lengths: D1 on tergite IX (50–100 microns), V2 on sternite X (100–180 microns), D2 on head (12–30 microns), D2 and D3 on mesonotum (15–37 microns)............... 10</p><p>10. Sternite VIII sclerotization not extending between setae V1 and V2, very weak around setae V1 (Fig. 55); fore tibia terminal seta pointed or blunt (Fig. 72); tergite II spiracle length/width not exceeding 15 microns, comprising 3–9 cells; setal lengths: D1 on head (48–67 (56) microns), V1 on abdominal sternite VIII (70–95 (81) microns)............................. 11</p><p>- Sternite VIII sclerotization not usually extending between setae V1 and V2, well developed around setae V1 (Fig. 61); fore tibia terminal seta capitate (Fig. 73); tergite II spiracle length/width greater than 15 microns, comprising 7–22 cells; setal lengths: D1 on head (35–56 (44) microns), V1 on abdominal sternite VIII (60–88 (73) microns)................................ 12</p><p>11. Tergite VIII sclerotization not usually complete between setae D1 and D2 or around campaniform sensilla and spiracles (Fig. 54); metasternum sometimes with additional pair of small sclerites (Fig. 50); setal lengths: V2 on abdominal segment VIII (22–32 (26) microns); D2 (40–55 (46) microns), V2 on abdominal segment IX (42–55 (48) microns). [Europe to Western Asia; inflorescences of Poaceae including cereals such as Triticum vulgare]......................................... tritici</p><p>- Tergite VIII sclerotization usually complete between setae D1 and D2, and around campaniform sensilla and spiracles (Figs 58, 60); setal lengths: V2 on abdominal segment VIII (16–28 (19) microns); D2 30–45 (37) microns, V2 on abdominal segment IX 27–47 (39) microns. [Palearctic, central Europe, Near East, North Africa; inflorescences of Bromus tectorum, B. hordeaceus].............................................................................................. cerealis</p><p>12. Most dorsal setae blunt (Fig. 67), including D1, D2 and V3 on abdominal segment VIII and D1 on abdominal tergite IX; seta V1 on sternite IX 57–80 microns long.................................................................... 13</p><p>- All setae pointed (Fig. 66), including on abdominal segments VIII and IX; seta V1 on abdominal sternite IX 75–114 microns long............................................................................................... 14</p><p>13. Seta V2 on abdominal sternite IX 30–55 (39) microns long; antenna 225–263 (245) microns long; head seta D1 usually blunt. [Europe; thermophilic, flowers of Jasione montana]..................................................... jasionis</p><p>- Seta V2 on abdominal sternite IX 19–30 (24) microns long; antenna 200–245 (230) microns long; head seta D1 pointed. [Palearctic; flowers of Asteracae]......................................................................... setiger</p><p>14. Tergite II spiracles with 7–9 cells; terminal abdominal setae short, segment IX D1 (62–77 (69) microns), V2 (25–42 (34) microns), V2 on sternite XI (97–131 (113) microns). [Europe; thermophilic, flowers of P. argentea]............ setigeriformis</p><p>- Tergite II spiracles with 6–22 cells; terminal abdominal setae longer, segment IX D1 (72–100 (81) microns), V2 (32–60 (48) microns), V2 on sternite XI (118–183 (145) microns)........................................................ 15</p><p>15. Tergite VIII sculpture well developed (teeth also present between setal pairs of D1 or V1, Fig. 56); D5 setae on meso- and metanotum 60–100 (82) microns, sternite VIII setae V2 (15–37 (24) microns), V3 (length 56–97 (71) microns). [Europe; flowers of Armeria maritima]............................................................................... statices</p><p>- Tergite VIII sculpture weakly developed (teeth not present between setal pairs of D1 or V1 or with a few teeth laterally in this area); D5 setae on meso- and metanotum 55–82 (68) microns), abdominal sternite VIII V2 (11–21 (16) microns), V3 (47–78 (57) microns). [Palearctic; flowers of Leucanthemum vulgare]......................................... leucanthemi</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03882C1EFFCEFFD0F0B13F0CFA20ADFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kucharczyk, Halina;Stanisławek, Kinga	Kucharczyk, Halina, Stanisławek, Kinga (2020): Haplothrips second instar larvae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae); character states and key to Central European species. Zootaxa 4845 (3): 375-392, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4845.3.4
