identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03886329F044FFF7FF0BF9D6FDD6F872.text	03886329F044FFF7FF0BF9D6FDD6F872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gryllotalpidae Leach 1815	<div><p>Gryllotalpidae Leach, 1815</p><p>On the basis of genital structure, the following characters occur in this family:</p><p>Phallic complex invaginated at rest, and with traverse sclerotization. Hyalinus plate present, enveloping the central structure of the phallic complex, allowing the union of the two main phallic layers (epiphallus and ectophallus). Dorsal phallic gland present, covering most of the dorsal region of the genitalia, connecting the median prolongation with the ejaculatory duct. Endophallus indistinct, ectophallus and endophallus prominent. Epiphallus made of a transversal sclerite with varying shape (varying between genera) connected to the central region of the epiphallus by a peduncule (base of the transversal sclerite). Median prolongation made of a tubular protuberance (bmp) and an apical sclerite (amp). epiphallic sclerification transversal. Ectophallus made of parameres (ectophallic parameres or epi-ectophallic invagination), connected to the basal plate; internal ectophallic process present and of varying shape.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886329F044FFF7FF0BF9D6FDD6F872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2015): The phallic structures in Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpoidea), and its generic implications. Zootaxa 3981 (2): 264-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.7
03886329F045FFF6FF0BF9FFFF04F875.text	03886329F045FFF6FF0BF9FFFF04F875.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gryllotalpinae Leach 1815	<div><p>Gryllotalpinae Leach, 1815</p><p>(Figs. 11–18)</p><p>Epiphallus: transversal sclerites developed and of diverse shape, varying from a triangular shape to a peduncular structure, distally truncated with a “T” or “L” shape. Median prolongation tubular and with truncated or emarginated apex.</p><p>Endophallus: Non-fused parameres of varying development; internal process usually poorly developed (except in G. africana), Basal plate triangular, square-shaped or ovoid, latero-basal plate present or absent. Antero-apical process absent.</p><p>Comment. The phallic complex of the genera Triamescaptor and Gryllotalpella could not be reached for review.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886329F045FFF6FF0BF9FFFF04F875	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2015): The phallic structures in Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpoidea), and its generic implications. Zootaxa 3981 (2): 264-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.7
03886329F042FFF0FF0BF8EDFAB1FEE3.text	03886329F042FFF0FF0BF8EDFAB1FEE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gryllotalpa Latreille 1802	<div><p>Gryllotalpa Latreille, 1802</p><p>(figs. 15–16)</p><p>Epiphallus: Transversal sclerites “T” o “L” shaped, pedunculate and connected to the base of the basal sclerite of median prolongation. Apical sclerite (amp) with diverse forms that enable species identification; disto-ventral margin cleft or not.</p><p>Ectophallus: Made of two parameres, which can have either a truncated, forked or lengthened apex; basal plate triangular or ovoid.</p><p>Specimens examined: G. hirsuta Burmeister, 1838; G. africana Palisot de Beauvois, 1805; G. fulvipes Saussure, 1877; G. minuta Burmeister, 1838; G. gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758); G. orientalis Burmeister, 1838 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886329F042FFF0FF0BF8EDFAB1FEE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2015): The phallic structures in Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpoidea), and its generic implications. Zootaxa 3981 (2): 264-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.7
03886329F043FFF0FF0BFE30FF3EFC40.text	03886329F043FFF0FF0BFE30FF3EFC40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neocurtilla Kirby 1906	<div><p>Neocurtilla Kirby, 1906</p><p>(figs. 11–14)</p><p>Epiphallus: Transversal sclerite triangular, with an acute dorsal margin (except N. hexadactyla, in which it is convex), tongue-shaped, almost as wide as it is long; apical sclerite (amp) truncate, of varying shape depending on the species.</p><p>Ectophallus: Narrow, made of two parameres with a particular shape, latero-basal sclerite present and ovoid, basal plate square-shaped. Internal process finger-shaped.</p><p>Comments. Neocurtilla can be differentiated from a close genus (yet to be described) in the shape of the bmp; in the new genus it is wider than it is longer and with a wavy amp, with two moderate protuberances at each lateral margin. Another difference is the shape of the ectophallus, which in the new genus is wide, with rectangular-shaped basal plates, the latero-basal sclerite is circular and long, internal process finger-shaped but smaller than in Neocurtilla .</p><p>Specimens examined: N. hexadactyla (Perty, 1832), N. scutata (Chopard, 1930), Neocurtilla n.sp., n.gen et n. sp. 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886329F043FFF0FF0BFE30FF3EFC40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2015): The phallic structures in Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpoidea), and its generic implications. Zootaxa 3981 (2): 264-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.7
03886329F043FFF0FF0BFB9CFCF6FB61.text	03886329F043FFF0FF0BFB9CFCF6FB61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scapteriscinae Zeuner 1939	<div><p>Scapteriscinae Zeuner, 1939</p><p>(figs. 19–37)</p><p>The genital structure between the two known genera are very different from each and other. Epiphallus: medial prolongation elongated, transverse sclerite distally bifurcated, basal sclerite tubular, distal sclerite elongated and sharp. Ectophallus: parameres separate or frontally fused.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886329F043FFF0FF0BFB9CFCF6FB61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2015): The phallic structures in Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpoidea), and its generic implications. Zootaxa 3981 (2): 264-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.7
03886329F043FFF0FF0BFABEFEBBF8CF.text	03886329F043FFF0FF0BFABEFEBBF8CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scapteriscus Scudder 1868	<div><p>Scapteriscus Scudder, 1868</p><p>(figs. 1–10, 20–37)</p><p>Epiphallus: Transversal sclerite “ Y ”- shaped, ventro apical branch more developed than the dorsal one, tubular bmp, protuberant amp and three or four times longer than it is wide.</p><p>Ectophallus: Wide, with an expanded basal plate, wavy lateral margins, antero-apical process present, pedunculate and sclerotized, apical process thorn-shaped and almost as long as the antero-apical processes.</p><p>Comments. S. oxydactylus has genital variation regarding the species studied here: the apical sclerite of the epiphallus is reduced, only 1.5 times longer than it is wide, antero-apical process mostly membrane-like and shorter than the apical one. This species and S. headsi would make up Scapteriscus s. s., the remaining species should be placed in a new genus, to be described in a phylogenetic analysis of the family (Cadena-Castañeda in press).</p><p>Specimens examined: S. oxydactylus (Perty, 1832), S. didactylus (Latreille, 1804), S. borellii Giglio-Tos, 1894, S. imitatus Nickle &amp; Castner, 1984, S. quadripunctatus Nickle, 2003, S. tetradactylus (Perty, 1832), S. peruvianus Nickle, 2003, S. variegatus (Burmeister, 1838), S. parvipennis (Serville, 1838), S. headsi Cadena- Castañeda, 2011.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886329F043FFF0FF0BFABEFEBBF8CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2015): The phallic structures in Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpoidea), and its generic implications. Zootaxa 3981 (2): 264-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.7
03886329F041FFF2FF0BFAB2FB62F9CE.text	03886329F041FFF2FF0BFAB2FB62F9CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Indioscaptor Nickle 2003	<div><p>Indioscaptor Nickle, 2003</p><p>(fig. 19)</p><p>Epiphallus: Transversal sclerites wavy and flattened, fusing close to the base of the insertion with the basal sclerite of the ectophallus; bmp tubular, as long as it is wide, amp not very pronounced, as wide as it is long, distal margin invaginated.</p><p>Ectophallus: Wide, parameres frontally fused into a single paramere. Ventral fold of the paramere present. Specimens examined: I. nepalicus (Ingrisch, 2002), I. leptodactylus (Chopard, 1928) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886329F041FFF2FF0BFAB2FB62F9CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2015): The phallic structures in Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpoidea), and its generic implications. Zootaxa 3981 (2): 264-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.7
03886329F041FFFDFF0BF91BFA71FE10.text	03886329F041FFFDFF0BF91BFA71FE10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gryllotalpidae	<div><p>Key to the genera of the family Gryllotalpidae based on genital characters</p><p>(Not including Triamescaptor and Gryllotalpella)</p><p>1. Parameres of the ectophallus fused in a single paramere, just as the transversal sclerite of the epiphallus is (fig. 19)................................................................................................... Indioscaptor</p><p>- Parameres of the ectophallus and transversal sclerites of the epiphallus non-fused (figs. 15–18, 20–21).................. 2</p><p>2. Antero-apical process (aap) of ectophallus present (figs. 9–10)................................................. 3</p><p>- Antero-apical process (aap) of ectophallus absent (figs.11–14).................................................. 4</p><p>3. Apical sclerite of the epiphallus pronounced, three to four times longer than it is wide, antero-apical process of ectophallus sclerotized (fig. 21)...................................................................... .. Scapteriscus s. l.</p><p>- Apical sclerite of the epiphallus only slightly pronounced, 1.5 longer than it is wide, antero-apical process of ectophallus</p><p>mostly membrane-like (figs. 20).................... Scapteriscus s. s. (included S. oxydactylus and possibly S. headsi). 4. Transversal sclerites of the epiphallus pedunculate, “T” or “L”-shaped; epiphallus s. s. tubular, longer than it is wide. Ectophallus: Latero-basal sclerite absent, internal process usually well developed and of varying shape (figs. 15–16)... Gryllotalpa s. l.</p><p>- Transversal sclerites of the epiphallus triangular, epiphallus s. s. tongue-shaped, almost as wide as it is long. Ectophallus: latero basal sclerite present, internal process finger-shaped (figs. 11–14)............................................... 5</p><p>5. Basal sclerite of the epiphallus a little longer than it is wide, apical sclerite truncate and with no lateral projections. Ectophallus narrow, basal plate oval-shaped, not elongated, internal process three times longer than it is wide (figs. 11–12).... Neocurtilla</p><p>- Basal sclerite of the epiphallus longer than it is wide, apical sclerite truncate and with lateral projections. Ectophallus wide, basal plate circle-shaped, elongated, internal process three times as long as it is wide (figs. 13–14).... .. Undescribed genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03886329F041FFFDFF0BF91BFA71FE10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2015): The phallic structures in Gryllotalpidae (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpoidea), and its generic implications. Zootaxa 3981 (2): 264-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.7
