taxonID	type	description	language	source
0389B40BFFD1781CFF0AFCBCFAA6FADF.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 41)	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD1781CFF0AFCBCFAA6FADF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet “ tsalakpmenoi ” is derived from (tσαλακωµένo Greek =, wrinkled = English) due to characteristics of the notogastral cuticular surface.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD1781CFF0AFCBCFAA6FADF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Female “ Zimbabwe, Mutare II / 1945. Leg. R. Mussard ”; material deposited in the Collection of the Natural History Museum of Geneva (MHNG), Switzerland; preserved in 46 % ethanol. Paratypes. Two adult females from different localities, namely “ Zimbabwe, Mutare II / 1945. Leg. R. Mussard ” and “ Kenya. Embu distr. Kirimiri Forest, Ouest de Runyenje, alt. 1586 m; tamisage dans la forêt 13 / X / 1977. Leg. V. Mahnert & J. L. Perret ”; material deposited in the Collection of the MHNG; preserved in 46 % ethanol. Material studied by means of SEM: three female specimens, not deposited.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD1781CFF0AFCBCFAA6FADF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (adult female). Integument. Notogaster: longitudinally aligned cuticular chords forming rugose integument. Setation. Lanceolate, thick, medial longitudinal zone elevated, with small dentitions, triangular in crosssection: notogastral; adanal setae. Lanceolate, with small dentitions, barbate: le. Lanceolate, more or less flat, with elevated medial longitudinal zone: rostral, lamellar setae. Simple, smooth: anal; simple, with small barbs; epimeral setae 4 a, 4 b particular shape: 4 a thin, elongate, 4 b triangular, curved. Simple, sharply tipped: subcapitular setae; flabellate: genital, aggenital setae. Prodorsum. Complex elevated interlamellar process flat, slightly elevated; polyhedral lateral processes with parallel oblique grooves, one on either side; T-shaped anterior projection. Lamellae resembling elevated ribbon. Notogaster. Humeral apophysis ovoid, anterior end barely overlapping posterior bothridial zone. Lateral zone. Deep supratutorial depression; small anterior supratutorial depression. Depressions above and behind acetabulum IV; longitudinal oblique depression posterior to acetabulum IV. Ventral region. Discidium with triangular sharp tip. Genital plate smaller than anal plate. Shallow depression surrounding elevated zone bearing genital plate; anterior genital furrow present; genital neotrichy 6 to 11 pairs of setae, symmetric or asymmetric distribution. Large, deep furrow surrounding anterior and medial zones of anal opening, not extending to posterior zone. Adanal setae ad 3 and ad 2 situated on lateral furrow surrounding anal opening; ad 1, outside the lateral furrow.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD1781CFF0AFCBCFAA6FADF.taxon	description	Description. Measurements. Female, length 827 (658 – 958) (ten animals measured), width 347 (298 – 438) (ten animals measured). Shape. Prodorsum polyhedral, notogaster elongate ovoid (Figures 1, 2, 10) Colour. Specimens without cerotegument: brown to dark brown, slightly shiny when observed in reflected light. Cerotegument. Present: thin granular layer, following cuticular microsculpture; thickness 0.5 to 0.9 (Figures 12, 15, 24). Integument. Pusticulate: notogaster (Figure 8); bothridial zone (Figures 14, 19); pedotectum II (Figure 22). Rugose, formed by cuticular cords, principally aligned longitudinally (Figures 1, 2, 8, 12, 13, 20 indicated by ¡): notogaster (Figures 1, 8, 12, 13, 20), in some specimens elevations on central notogastral zone more accentuated (Figures 1, 8, 12, 20), in others less (Figures 2, 13); prodorsal zone of elevated interlamellar process (e. i. p) (Figure 4); Smooth: prodorsum (1, 2, 12, 13, 16, 21, 38, 40); humeral apophysis (h. ap) (Figure 17); ventral region (epimeral zone, ano-adanal zone) (Figure 35); anal plate (Figure 36); genital plate (Figure 37); subcapitulum (Figure 39). Setation. Lanceolate, thick elevated medial longitudinal zone, with small dentitions, triangular in cross-section (Figures 3, 7): interlamellar (in) (Figures 4, 10); notogastral c 1, c 2, da, dm, dp, la, lm, lp, p 1, p 2, p 3, h 1, h 2, h 3 (Figures 5, 6, 26); adanal (Figures 29, 31). Lanceolate, more or less flat, with elevated medial longitudinal zone: ro, le (Figures 4, 16, 25); simple: anal (Figure 27). Epimeral setae simple, with small barbs (Figure 18), but setae 4 a, 4 b particular in shape; 4 a is simple, elongate, thin, small barbs (Figure 33); 4 b simple, triangular, curving, small barbs (Figure 32); simple, sharply tipped: subcapitular setae; flabellate: genital; aggenital setae (Figures 30, 34). Prodorsum. Polyhedral (in dorsal view) (Figures 1, 2, 10); triangular to polyhedral in frontal view (Figure 38). Complex elevated interlamellar process (e. i. p): flat or slightly elevated (Figures 1, 2, 12, 13) forming two separate lateral processes, polyhedral in shape (Figures 38, 40). In lateral view each lateral process terminating in sharp tip, situated above le setal insertion (Figure 4 indicated by white asterisk in black square). Two oblique parallel grooves on elevated zone of lateral process (Figures 1, 2, 4, 10, 12, 13, 38, 40 indicated by 5); finger-shaped projection on anterior e. i. p, delineating a T-shaped, forward extending structure (Figures 2, 38, indicated by ¿); in setae curved (Figure 1, 2, 4), directing externally, inserted in front of e. i. p below lateral process (Figures 4, 12). Bothidial zone with pusticulate cuticula (Figure 19). Bothridium (bo) cup-shaped with large, smooth, incomplete bothridial ring (bo. ri) (Figure 14); bothridial opening lateral, directing downward (Figures 12, 13); bothridial tooth (bo. to) clearly visible, rounded (Figure 14). Sensillus (Si) filiform, barbate, arching to the top, tip usually pointed (Figures 1, 2, 12, 14); lamellar setae (le) inserted laterally on anterior part of lamellae (Figures 15, 16) between lamellar tip and le setal insertion zone; conspicuous lamellar tip (la. ti) (Figure 16); curved rostral setae (ro) (Figures 12, 13, 21, 25), directing downwards; le setal insertion behind ro insertion setal level (Figures 15, 16); large deep dorsosejugal suture (d. sj) (Figures 1, 2, 12, 13). Notogaster. Shape: anterior and posterior zone oval (in dorsal view) (Figures 1, 2, 10); convex in lateral view (Figures 9, 12, 13); circumgastric furrow (s. c) present, easily discernible, situated antiaxially to c 1, c 2, la, lm, lp, h 2 and paraxially to h 3, p 3, p 2, p 1 setal insertion level (Figures 1, 2, 10,13 indicated byl) (See Remarks). Fourteen pairs of setae (c 1, c 2, da, dm, dp, la, lm, lp, h 1, h 2, h 3, p 1, p 2, p 3), all similar: lanceolate, thick, with elevated medial longitudinal zone, small dentitions, triangular in cross-section. However, c 2 setae differ slightly in shape and crosssection (Figures 6, 7) from other notogastral setae (Figures 3, 5, da setae used as example); all setae (except c 2) extending backward; c 2 setae directing obliquely inwards (Figures 1, 2, 10, 12). Humeral apophysis (h. ap) ovoid; anterior end barely overlapping posterior bothridial zone (Figures 9, 12, 13); h. ap with some transversal cuticular depressions (Figure 17 indicated by ¿), resulting in an undulate aspect to h. ap. Lyrifissures hardly discernible, only rounded im is observed (Figure 20). Lateral region. Prodorsum: in setae clearly visible, situated in front of flat e. i. p (Figures 4, 12, 13); l. l. f well visible (Figure 16). Lamellae resembling elevated ribbon; Tutorium (Tu) strongly curving cuticular thickening (Figure 13); supratutorial depression (s. tu. d) deep (Figure 9, 13, 15); small anterior supratutorial depression (a. tu. d) (Figures 9, 21). Large deep posterior tutorial depression (p. tu. d) situated posteriorly on Tu basal zone (Figure 9, 13, 21). Pedotectum I (Pd I) prominent extending lamina, anteriorly rounded; large ovoid depression (dep) on posterior zone near Pedotectum II (Pd II); small, ovoid lamina directing downward (Figures 9, 13, 22). Discidium (dis) hardly discernible (See Ventral region). Several depressions (dep) clearly visible basally to Pd I and above and behind acetabulum IV (Figure 9, 13, 21, 41). Anal plate terminating in long sharp tip (Figure 23), more clearly visible in lateral than ventral view. Ventral region. Epimeres well delimited; 1 and 2 defined by deep furrows; bo. 1, bo. 2, bo. sj, 3 and 4 not noticeably separated; apo. 1, apo. 2, apo. sj and apo. 3 clearly visible (Figures 11, 35). Epimeral chaetotaxy 3 - 1 - 3 - 3; setae 1 a, 2 a, 3 a short. Epimeral setae 4 b (Figure 10, 32, 35), and 4 a (Figure 33) differ in shape. Epimeral zone with medially deep polyhedral depression (Figures 11, 35 indicated by s). Discidium (dis) easily observed (Figure 35), triangular sharp tip. Genital plate slightly smaller than anal plate (Figure 35). Genital plate situated on elevated zone, externally surrounded by shallow depression (dep) (Figure 35). This furrow is connected to the anterior genital furrow (a. g. f) (Figures 11, 35, trajectory indicated by l). Genital plate with neotrichy: 6 to 11 pairs of setae (Figures 11, 35, 37) with symmetric or asymmetric distribution (See Remarks). Setae generally flabellate (Figure 34), some with very irregular shapes (Figure 37); in other cases setae absent, only insertions present (large insertions) (Figure 37). Aggenital (ag) setae far from posterior border of genital opening, but situated posterolaterally on the surrounding genital furrow (Figures 11, 35). Anal plate terminating in long sharp tip (Figure 23, and 36 indicated byY). Large deep furrow observed surrounding anal plate anteriorly and medially, not completely surrounding the rear; in one instance the anal plate was deformed on one side. Three pairs of adanal setae: ad 3 and ad 2 situated in lateral furrow of anal plate; ad 1 situated posteriorly on anal plate, outside lateral furrow (Figures 10, 35); rounded to polyhedral dep (Figures 11, 35) situated externally to genital and anal openings. Legs. Setal formulae I (1 - 4 - 3 - 4 - 17 - 1) (1 - 2 - 2); II (1 - 3 - 3 - 3 - 15 - 1) (1 - 1 - 2); III (2 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 14 - 1) (1 - 1 - 0); IV (1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 12) (0 - 1 - 0).	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD1781CFF0AFCBCFAA6FADF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Large variations in size were observed in both populations (Zimbabwe and Kenya). Initially the authors associated this variation in size with differences between males and females, but no correlation between sex and size was observed; in both sexes there were small and large specimens; sexes could be distinguished only by dissection. Setae h 1 were not included when indicating the trajectory of s. c, as their position is variable (Figures 1, 2), in some cases aligned to h 2 setae (Figure 1) and in others near p 2 setae (Figure 2). Positions of setae p 1, p 2, p 3 also varied. Small dentitions present on surfaces of notogastral setae differ in size and number. In lateral view differences between notogastral cuticular ornamentations are easily visible; these variations are common in populations from Zimbabwe (Figure 12) and Kenya (Figure 13), but more so in populations from Kenya. Large variation in the number of setae due to genital neotrichy, with asymmetry being very common. Setae frequently number 6 – 8 on each side; in one specimen from Zimbabwe only 4 setae were observed on a side, while in specimens from Kenya, six are most common. The largest variation was found in specimens from Kenya, with eleven setae on a side of the genital plate. Depressions are very numerous on the ventral plate, clearly visible in ventral view; in lateral view a longitudinal oblique depression can be seen (Figure 41 indicated by 5), usually concealed by femur IV.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD8781AFF0AFA7CFA25FB0F.taxon	description	(Figures 42 – 67)	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD8781AFF0AFA7CFA25FB0F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet “ thailandae ” derives from Thailand, country of origin of type material.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD8781AFF0AFA7CFA25FB0F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Female. “ THAILAND N ° 286. NE Bangkok Khao Yai Nai Park. 759 – 859 mt. 26 / XI / – 3 / XII / 85. Leg. LOBL ”; material deposited in the Collection of the Natural History Museum of Geneva (NHMG), Switzerland; preserved in 70 % ethanol. Paratype. One adult female, same locality and date as Holotype; deposited in Collection of MHNG; preserved in 46 % ethanol. Material studied with SEM: three specimens, not deposited.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD8781AFF0AFA7CFA25FB0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Prodorsum. Large, triangular, central zone depressed or flat; setae in large, curved, situated on elevated interlamellar process, directing externally; ro setae curved, directing anteriorly; lamelar setae inserted far from apical lamellar zone. Anterior zone of lamellae welded to lateral prodorsal zone, lacking lamellar tip. Sensillus uncinate. Bothridial ring smooth; low lamellar furrow present, only slightly developed. Cornea superior of naso, with semicircular groove in posterior zone. Notogaster. Fingerlike projection large, extending forward. Fourteen pairs of setae: c 1, c 2, da, dm, dp, la, lm, lp, h 1, h 2, situated on promontories; h 3, p 1, p 2, p 3, situated marginally on notogaster, all setae directing backwards; setae c 1, c 2 parallel and located side by side; integument with rugous elevated ridges. Ventral region. Epimeral, central zones depressed, marginal region elevated. Epimera 3 – 4 fused; epimeral chaetotaxy 1 - 1 - 3 - 3; four pairs of genital setae in a simple line; ag setae situated on rounded elevated structure.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD8781AFF0AFA7CFA25FB0F.taxon	description	Description. Measurements: SEM 556 (460 – 602) x 260 (242 – 273) (measurements on three specimens). Light microscopy: 580 (560 – 582) x 273 (256 – 281). Shape: Elongate oval (Figure 42). Colour: Specimens without cerotegument, light brown to brown, observed in reflected light. Cerotegument. Thin grainy layer (ce) (Figure 69, indicated by 5), mainly on posterior zone of notogaster (Figure 57) and epimeral zone (Figure 61), and around ag setal insertion (Figure 68); rest of body and legs absent; cerotegumental layer may have been affected by the long period in conservation liquid. Integument. Foveate-foveolate (Figure 48, indicated byw): prodorsum: lamellar zone up to l. l. f (Figures 42, 43); anterior of prodorsum around CSO (Figure 43); bothridial and p. p. d zones (Figures 42, 47); notogaster: h. ap (Figure 42); Pd I, Pd II and Tu (Figures 43, 52). Circular-ovoid fovea: notogastral zone: n. a. d and both sides of f. l. p (Figure 42). Ventral region: subcapitular zone h setae (Figure 58); epimeral zone (Figures 61,62,63); around genital opening (Figure 56); aggenital zone, but not very close to ag setae (Figure 68); lateral to ventral dep (Figure 61). Legs: femurs I, II and trochanter, femur III, IV (Figure 52). Rugous with elevated ridges: lateral notogastral margin, zone of setae p 1, p 2, p 3, h 3, up to h. ap level (Figure 57 indicated by ●), in this zone, combined with circular-ovoid fovea; marginal ventral region; anal zone (Figure 61). Pusticulate (Figures 69, 70 indicated by ¿): zone epimeral surrounding setae 4 c (Figure 63); zone near ag setae (Figure 68). Setation. Lanceolate elongate with: smooth surface: ag setae (Figure 68); medial ridge: notogastral c 1, c 2, da, dm, dp, la, lm, lp (Figures 42, 45) ad setae (Figure 67); large basal, and thin anterior zone, medial ridge several lines: notogastral setae: h 3, p 3, p 2, p 1 (Figures 53, 57, 60); rugous surface: epimeral setae 1 a, 2 a, 3 a, 3 b, 4 a, 4 b (Figures 62, 63, 65); thin medial furrow: ro setae (Figure 46); two parallel lines with small barbs: in setae (Figure 44); barbate on both sides: le setae (Figure 54). Filiform, irregular margin: epimeral setae, 3 c, 4 c (Figures 64). Simple: subcapitular (a, m, h) (Figures 58, 59), ge (Figure 56), an (Figure 66). Prodorsum. Triangular (dorsal view) (Figure 42); convex in lateral view (Figure 49); rostral margin rounded (Figures 43,51); e. i. p elevated (Figure 52), central depressed zone flat (Figures 42,43 indicated by ¿); large curving setae in, situated on e. i. p, directing externally (Figures 42, 43); ro setae clearly visible, curved, directing anteriorly, apical tips far from one another (Figure 43); le setae inserted laterally to lam, far from apical lamellar zone; setal insertion level more or less same level as ro setal insertion (Figures 43); anterior zone of lamellae welded to lateral prodorsal zone, lamellar tip absent (Figure 54). Sensillus (si) uncinate (Figure 47). Bothridial ring (bo. ri) smooth, well defined, with bothridial tooth; l. l. f present, slightly developed (Figures 42, 43, 51), CSO present between ro setae (Figures 43, 51); poorly developed semicircular groove (c. g) in posterior zone (Figure 43). Notogaster. Shape: in dorsal view anterior polyhedral and posterior oval (Figure 42); in lateral view convex (Figures 49, 52); d. sj narrow, slightly curving, well delimited; notogastral anterior depression (n. a. d) clearly visible (Figure 42). Notogaster with promontories (Figure 49); large, forward extending finger-like projection (f. l. p) in front of promontory zone (Figure 42). Lateral to f. l. p, at level of origin of lateral promontories, depressed semi-circular area (Figure 42 indicated by n). Fourteen pairs of setae: c 1, c 2, da, dm, dp, la, lm, lp, h 1, h 2, h 3, p 1, p 2, p 3. Four longitudinally aligned promontories separated by depressed zone (Figures 42, 49); setae c 1, c 2, da, dm, dp, situated on aligned central promontories; la, lm, lp, h 1, h 2 situated on aligned lateral promontories (Figures 42, 49, 52); h 3, p 1, p 2, p 3, situated marginally notogastral zone (Figures 42, 49, 52, 57); all setae directing backwards; setae c 1, c 2 situated side by side, parallel (Figure 42); polyhedral h. ap large, easily observed (Figures 42, 49, 52); excavated Vshaped depression present, but angle of observation needs to be changed to permit clear view (Figure 52 indicated by 5). Circumgastric depression (s. c) easily discernible (Figures 42, 52, 57 indicated by l), originating slightly posterior to h. ap, with the following trajectory: lateral to la, lm, lp, h 1, h 2, and internally to h 3, p 1, p 2, p 3 (Figures 42, 52); in the posterior notogastral zone the trajectory is partially obscured by rugous elevated cuticular ridges (Figure 57). Lateral region. Dorsolaterally, lamellae clearly discernible, anterior zone welded to lateral notogastral zone, lamellar tip absent (Figure 54). Tu large lamina, curving margin (Figure 43, 49, 52). Deep s. tu. d running between and parallel to lamellae and Tu; anteriorly a large pocket depression is observed (a. tu. d); followed by deep depression, p. tu. d (Figure 49, 52). Pd I, conspicuous extended lamina, rounded apex, particular microsculpture (See Integument). Pd II medium sized, ovoid lamina; dis hardly discernible (Figures 49, 52). Bothridia cup-shaped; bothridial opening directing slightly downwards; smooth bo. ri incomplete, with bo. to clearly discernible (Figure 49). Long, extending polyhedral humeral apophysis, rounded apex, basally undulated, anterior tip overlapping posterior bothridial part (Figures 49, 52). Series of large dep discernible behind leg IV (Figures 49, 52). Posterior notogastral zone (Figure 57) with clearly visible rugous elevated cuticular ridges. Ventral region. Epimera: central zones depressed, marginal elevated zones (Figure 61). Epimera 3 – 4 fused, small; apo. 1, apo. 2, apo. sj and apo. 3 well discernible (Figure 50). Epimeral chaetotaxy 1 - 1 - 3 - 3 (See Remarks); dis clearly observed as triangular protuberance with rounded apex (Figure 61). Genital plates small relative to anal plates; four pairs of genital setae in a simple line (Figure 50, 56); all setae more or less equal length (Figure 56); ag setae far from genital opening, situated laterally and posterior to genital opening, placed on elevated rounded structure (Figures 50, 61 indicated by l); elevated structure covered by cerotegumental layer. Three pairs of adanal setae; ad 3 situated far from ag setae (Figure 50). Anal plate rectangular to polyhedral, small sharp tip (Figure 50); two pairs of anal setae. Lyrifissures not discernible. Ovoid paired depressions situated between anal and genital openings; ovoid-elongate depressions situated laterally to genital and anal openings (Figures 50, 61) Legs. Setal formulae I (1 - 3 - 2 - 3 - 16 - 1) (1 - 2 - 2); II (1 - 4 - 3 - 3 - 15 - 1) (1 - 1 - 2); III (2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 14 - 1) (1 - 1 - 0); IV (1 - 2 - 2 - 3 - 13 - 1) (0 - 1 - 0). Large femoral groove (Femur III).	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFD8781AFF0AFA7CFA25FB0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Epimeral chaetoxy 1 - 1 - 3 - 3 was observed in five specimens studied. However, due to the lengthy preservation period, the authors are uncertain if the setae have degraded during this time. There is a possibility that they exist, especially as in some instances, vestiges of setal insertions were observed. Two noteworthy aspects are: a) the large variation in shape of notogastral setae, where setae h 3, p 1, p 2, p 3 are very different to the other notogastral setae; b) the different shapes of epimeral setae, where 3 b, 4 b are very different compared to 3 c and 4 c.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFDE7805FF0AFAFCFE69FF5B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Vietnam “ Lam Dong province Mt. Pehhatt near Quang Tryung Reservoir ca 8 Km SW of Da. Lat 11 ° 58 ’ 37.4 N 108 ° 25 ’ 58.3 E; 1.590 m Evergreen hill forest. 6. IX. 2003. Leg. P. SWEDINGEN ”; 3 adult females, material deposited in the Collection of the Natural History Museum of Geneva (NHMG), Switzerland; preserved in 70 % ethanol.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFDE7805FF0AFAFCFE69FF5B.taxon	description	Description. Cerotegument. Granulate: principally found on notogaster and ventral region. Integument. Circular-ovoid fovea (Figure 74, indicated by R): prodorsum: e. i. p; p. p. d (Figure 71); notogaster (Figure 71 indicated by R); epimeral zone; around genital and anal openings; on genital and anal plate; region of ag and ad setae; in ventral depressions (dep). Rugous with elevated ridges: lateral margin of notogaster zone of setae p 1, p 2, p 3, h 3, up to h. ap. level (Figure 71 indicated by z); marginal ventral region; laterally on anal zone. Reticulate-foveate: lamellar zone (Figure 77 indicated by a); smooth: zone of CSO; near rostrum (Figure 77) Setation. Filiform, elongate, serrate, with rib located medially: le setae (Figure 84, rib indicated by l). Lanceolate, with three ribs: in, ng, ad setae (Figures 72, 73, 76, 83). Rugous ribs situated on either side of setal margin (Figures 72, 73 indicated byS), medial rib with small barbs (Figure 73 indicated by ¡). Lanceolate with two parallel medial ribs: ro setae (Figure 75, ribs indicated by ¿). Lanceolate elongate, smooth: ag setae (Figure 83). Simple, short, smooth surface: a, m, an setae (Figures 78, 79, 85); simple, short, surface with dentitions: h (Figure 80); simple, long, smooth: ge setae (Figure 81); simple, long, barbate: epimeral setae (Figure 82). Prodorsum. Rostral margin rectilinear (Figure 77, indicated by ¿). Lamellae dorsolateral, laterally well-defined (Figure 77); l. l. f clearly visible (Figure 77). CSO present (Figure 77) on anterior zone between ro setae, delimited posteriorly by a semicircular groove (c. g) (Figure 77, indicated by 5); l. l. f extending from in setal level to c. g; le setae situated laterally, far from and posterior to ro setal level; la. ti absent. Tu and Pd I clearly visible in frontal view (Figure 77). Notogaster. Fourteen pairs of setae (c 1, c 2, da, dm, dp, la, lm, lp, h 1, h 2, h 3, p 1, p 2, p 3) similar shape (Figure 71); all setae extending backward; c 1 and c 2 setae closely adjacent; insertion levels almost parallel; c 2 small relative to c 1. Circumgastric furrow clearly discernible externally to la, lm, lp, h 1, h 2 setae (Figure 71 indicated by l).	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
0389B40BFFDE7805FF0AFAFCFE69FF5B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. By making use of SEM, the diagnosis (in Fernandez et al. 2013 a) related to setae is improved. In that text: “ Setation: barbate, le; simple, subcapitular, an; lanceolate, in, notogastral, ro, genital, aggenital, epimeric and adanal ” should be changed to: “ Setation: filiform, elongate, serrate, with rib located medially: le setae; lanceolate, with three ribs: in, ng, ad setae; lanceolate with two parallel medial ribs: ro setae; lanceolate, elongate, smooth: ag setae; simple, short, smooth surface: a, m, an setae; simple, short, surface with dentitions: h; simple, long, smooth: ge setae; simple, long, barbate: epimeral setae. The other diagnostic aspects are correct as indicated. Also worth noting are the particularities found on the integument, described in Fernandez et al. 2013 a, but complemented by this study.	en	Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio, Jordaan, Anine (2018): Revision of the family Carabodidae (Acari: Oribatida) XVI. Synkrotima tsalakpmenoi sp. nov. from Zimbabwe and Kenya, and Congocepheus thailandae sp. nov. from Thailand, including a complementary study of Cavaecarabodes hauseri (Mahunka 1989). Zootaxa 4504 (3): 371-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.3.4
