taxonID	type	description	language	source
039687DDFFD68D43FF76B333FD9E795A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Piracicaba – 3 females, 28. vi. 1999, from soil of a patch of rubber tree plantation; 36 females, 09. x. 1998, 5 females, 04. I. 1999, 4 females, 05. iv. 1999, 2 females, 02. vii. 1999, from litter of a patch of rubber tree plantation. Previous records: Australia (Walter et al. 1993), Bahama Islands, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, continental USA (Hurlbutt 1963; De Leon 1967); India (Bhattacharyya 1966), South Pacific Islands (Wood 1966). Farrier & Hennessey (1993) cite other references with records of this species from Puerto Rico, Canada, Hawaiian Islands, and continental USA.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD68D43FF76B333FD9E795A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Anterior margin of tectum triramous. Hypostome with transverse rows of deutosternal denticles each with numerous (7 – 12) denticles. Podonotal shield reticulate over most of surface, with 17 pairs of pilose setae, vertical pair j 1 not inflated; marginal setae r 2 - r 5 on lateral soft cuticle. Opisthonotal shield reticulate laterally, with a short row of microtubercles on either side between J 4 and Z 3, smooth medially between J - series of setae and behind setae J 4 - Z 3; this shield with pair of well developed postero-lateral tubercles, each with one conspicuous seta, S 5, with long fine pilosity, and one vestigial seta, Z 4; Z 5 nearly smooth or slightly barbed, J 5 minute, other setae pilose; setae J 1 - J 2 - J 3 - J 4 progressively longer; transverse interval between bases of setae J 3 - J 3 equal or less than that between J 4 - J 4 and less than that between J 4 - Z 3. Lateral soft cuticle of posterior region with slightly pilose marginal setae R 1 - R 6 and 2 pairs of smooth submarginal UR setae. Ventri-anal shield lineate anteriorly, nearly smooth behind level of anus; shield setae all simple, JV 5 longest, ZV 3 shortest. Tarsi II – III with setae ad - 2 and pd - 2, and tarsus IV with ad - 2 slender, attenuated, with recurved tips.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD68D43FF76B333FD9E795A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This and other species of the aphidioides species-group sensu Karg (1979) are known only from females, and appear to be thelytokous. Slightly different morphological variants have been described as separate species, but it is difficult to distinguish intrapopulational variation from interpopulational variants that may represent discrete clones meriting specific rank (Walter et al. 1993). Measurements of the collected specimens are close to those of the original description. In distinction to the original description of this species, setae Z 5 of the specimens collected are lightly, sparsely barbed; this distinction also holds for material studied from various regions in Canada.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD58D42FF76B099FAE27FA0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Piracicaba - 1 female, 21. xii. 1998, from soil of a patch of secondary forest; 1 female, 21. xii. 1998, from litter of a patch of rubber tree plantation. Previous records: Australia (Domrow 1979; Halliday et al. 1998), Algeria (Athias-Henriot 1959, 1961), Brazil (Reis & Paschoal 1968; Flechtmann 1981), England (Hughes 1961, 1976; Haines 1979), Italy (Berlese 1918), Germany (Hase 1933; Westerboer & Bernhard 1963), Sweden (Sellnick 1958), Switzerland (Schweizer 1949, 1961), Russia (Bregetova 1977), continental USA and Canada (Chant 1963; McGraw & Farrier 1969), Hawaiian Islands (Garret & Haramoto 1967). Treat (1975) and Farrier & Hennessey (1993) cite other references with records of this species from Canada, Hawaiian Islands, continental USA and Europe.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD58D42FF76B099FAE27FA0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Chelicerae of female with fixed digit reduced, less than half length of movable digit; fixed digit without teeth, and with pilus dentilis inserted at distal extremity; movable digit with three teeth (not ‘ edentate’ as stated in key to species by Halliday et. al 1998). Peritreme reduced in length, extending to posterior margins of coxa II. Female sternal shield lacking endopodal extensions between coxae II – III, and with 3 pairs of setae; metasternal seta inserted in soft cuticle; lacking sclerotized endopodal strips between coxae II and III, III and IV. Female ventri-anal shield subrectangular, narrow, longer than wide, with three pairs of opisthogastric setae in addition to the circum-anal setae. Male sternogenital shield with posterior extremity constricted, tongue-shaped, leaving genital seta free on soft cuticle.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD58D42FF76B099FAE27FA0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This species had been previously reported in Brazil only from stored products (Reis & Paschoal 1968; Flechtmann 1981). Extensive descriptions of its biology and behavior, with records of feeding on eggs, larvae, and occasionally adults of moths are given by Treat (1975) and Hughes (1976), and its potential use as a predator of insect pests of stored food products was discussed by Lindquist (1983). Records of a similar predatory association with bark beetles have been cited by McGraw & Farrier (1969).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD48D47FF76B697FDFD7A5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adults of this species are closely similar to those of Cheiroseius phalangioides Evans & Hyatt, 1960 in having leg IV much elongated, at least 1.5 times as long as the dorsal shield, absences of the third ventral seta on genu I and of seta pv on genua II and III, and in having stout, blade-like vertical setae j 1 which project directly anteriorly. They are distinguished from the latter in having leg IV ca. 1.7 – 1.8 times as long as the dorsal shield, and the telotarsus of leg IV with seta ad - 3 at least 3 times as long as other setae on this article, whereas leg IV is over twice (ca. 2.3 – 2.4) as long as the dorsal shield and ad - 3 is similar in short length to other setae on tarsus IV in C. phalangioides. Adult female. Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 1): Dorsal shield 375 – 390 µm long, 250 – 255 µm wide at level of setae j 6, reticulated over entire surface except near posterior margin; vertical region of shield not protruding, but with vertical setae j 1 prominent (33 – 35 µm), blade-like, projecting directly anteriorly; setae z 1 (18 – 20 µm) slender, curved and directed laterally, ca. 0.7 as long as j 2 (30 – 32 µm). Dorsal shield with 36 or 37 pairs of setae, 21 or 22 pairs on anterior region, 15 pairs on posterior region; first 3 pairs of marginal setae, r 2 - r 4, on humeral region of shield; r 5 and 5 pairs of R - marginals on lateral soft cuticle (in some specimens one or both r 5 on dorsal shield), r 6, UR - submarginals, and sometimes R 2 absent. Most dorsal shield setae moderately long (40 – 50 µm), slightly longer than successive distances between their bases, Z 4 reaching to bases of Z 5, both of the latter of similar length (45 – 48 µm); other than j 1, all setae attenuate, smooth except caudal pair J 5 slightly barbed, short (14 – 15 µm); setae s 1 (30 µm), s 2 (33 – 35 µm), r 2 (25 – 27 µm), r 3 (30 – 32 µm), r 4 (42 µm), and especially z 5 (25 – 27 µm) shorter than adjacent setae. Setae on lateral soft cuticle moderately short (25 – 28 µm), simple.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD48D47FF76B697FDFD7A5C.taxon	description	Ve n t r a l idiosoma (Fig. 2): Tritosternum with slender base (length 22 µm) and laciniae fused along basal one-fourth (22 µm) of their length (85 – 87 µm). Pre-sternal area sparsely lineated, without evident platelets. Sternal shield 85 – 87 µm in median length by 79 – 82 µm wide at narrowest width between coxae II, with 3 pairs of setae and 2 pairs of poroids; shield with prominent endopodal projections between coxae I and II, but separated from endopodal strips between coxae II and III and scarcely widened at that level, such that second pair of poroids on postero-lateral edges of shield; sternal shield with conspicuous patch of reticula anteromedially, faintly, irregularly punctate laterally, nearly smooth posteriorly; posterior margin gently concave. Third pair of sternal poroids with sternal setae st 4 on metasternal plates. Sternal setae st 4 (15 – 16 µm) slightly shorter than st 3 (17 – 18 µm). Pair of thin endopodal strips alongside coxae III – IV continuous anteriorly with those projecting between coxae II – III. Genital shield lightly reticulated over most of surface, greatest width (78 – 80 µm) at level of insertions of genital setae, with lateral margins emarginated posteriorly, at level of paragenital gland pores, posterior margin truncate, apex of hyaline anterior margin narrowly rounded, not or barely overlapping posterior margin of sternal shield. Post-genital strip continuous, slightly widened on either side into a platelet. Metapodal plates well separated from posterior margin of peritrematal shield, undivided, small, slender, ca. 20 µm long by 5 µm wide. Ventri-anal shield subtriangular, ca. 0.8 as long as wide (112 – 119 µm long by 145 – 150 µm wide), its anterior margin convex; shield reticulated over nearly entire surface, without punctate areas; with 3 pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV 2, JV 3, ZV 2) in addition to 3 circum-anal setae, all simple; JV 2 and JV 3 similar in length (23 – 27 µm), slightly longer than ZV 2 (20 – 21 µm); para-anal seta (15 – 17 µm) slightly longer than post-anal seta (13 – 15 µm). Seven pairs of opisthogastric setae on soft cuticle flanking ventri-anal shield, JV 1, ZV 1 anteriorly and JV 4 - JV 5, ZV 3 - ZV 5 laterally, the latter flanked by posterior 2 or 3 pairs of R - marginals on soft cuticle. Peritrematal shield and peritreme (Figs 1 – 2): Peritrematal shields united with dorsal shield at position of paravertical poroids and level of setae j 2; peritremes extending to bases of setae z 1, their anterior extremities well separated from each other; peritreme not noticeably thickened (width ca. 10 µm), not wavy or crenulated, and lacking poststigmatic extension; exopodal plate strip not consolidated with peritrematal shield alongside coxae II – III, but integrated with it beside and behind coxa IV. Spermathecal apparatus (Fig. 3): With a short unsclerotized major duct leading from solenostome to a small (greatest dimension ca. 7 – 10 µm), dense sac-like structure bearing 2 protrusions and an embolus with a minor duct ending in a capitate enlargement. Gnathosoma (Figs 4 – 6): Anterior margin of tectum usually 3 - tined, mid-tine longer and slenderer than lateral tines. Fixed digit of chelicera with short (ca. 3 µm) pilus dentilis and with large offset subapical tooth followed by short ridge (length ca. 5 µm) with 5 – 7 fine denticles; movable digit 18 – 20 µm long, with 2 weakly developed teeth in apposition to denticulate ridge of fixed digit. Deutosternum with 7 free-standing, multidenticulate rows of denticles, fifth and sixth rows slightly wider than others, interval between fifth and sixth rows ca. 1.3 times longer than that between fourth and fifth rows; corniculus normally formed, reaching nearly midlevel of palpfemur; internal mala finely fringed, slightly longer than corniculus. Anterior hypostomatic setae (38 – 40 µm) and internal palptrochanter seta (48 – 50 µm) elongated, flagellate, the latter extending nearly to apex of palpgenu; external palptrochanter seta short (ca. 20 µm), poorly tapered. Legs (Figs 7 – 8): Leg I (408 – 432 µm) slightly shorter and legs II (332 – 342 µm) and III (345 µm) clearly shorter than dorsal shield; leg IV elongated (670 – 675 µm), ca. 1.7 – 1.8 longer than dorsal shield, sometimes bowed ventrally (especially the femoral and tarsal segments). Leg I with tarsus (105 – 110 µm) ca. 1.2 – 1.3 longer than tibia (80 – 83 µm) and nearly 1.9 longer than genu (55 – 60 µm); setae on tarsus I slender, none thickened or greatly elongated (most basal dorsal seta, 30 – 32 µm, more attenuated and slightly longer than mid-dorsal seta, and one apical pseudosymmetric pair moderately elongated, ca. 50 – 55 µm, several other subapical ones 35 – 40 µm), specialized subapical sigmoid seta moderately elongate (ca. 25 µm); claws on short but well developed pretarsus (8 – 10 µm), claws well developed (length 8 – 9 µm), nearly as large as those on tarsus IV (10 µm) though smaller than those on legs II – III (12 – 14 µm). Pretarsi of legs II, III, IV of moderately increasing length (12, 15, 20 µm, respectively), with claws flanked by flagellate paradactyli (20 – 22 µm), these ca. twice as long as claws; pulvillus with median lobe broadly acute (ca. 15 – 20 µm), lateral lobes rounded; tarsi II – IV with apical setal processes ad - 1, pd - 1 moderately elongated (20 – 25 µm), whip-like, not inflated basally; telotarsus II with generically typical, elongate-flagellate seta ad - 3 (ca. 50 µm), pl - 2 (ca. 40 µm) and whip-like but not flagellate seta pd - 3 (ca. 40 µm), and telotarsus III with typically elongateflagellate setae ad - 3 (ca. 45 µm) and pd - 3 (ca. 55 µm); telotarsus IV with seta ad - 3 whip-like but only moderately long (55 – 60 µm), shorter than basitarsus, and with mid-dorsal lyrifissure parallel to length of leg, beside base of ad - 3; basitarsus IV longer (70 µm) than basitarsi II, III (30, 35 µm). Setation of femora of legs I-II-III-IV, respectively, 11 - 10 - 6 - 6; that of genua, 12 - 10 - 8 - 9; that of tibiae, 13 - 10 - 8 - 10; femora I – II lacking seta v - 3, genu I lacking v - 3, genua II-III lacking pv. Other than whip-like setae on tarsi II – IV and some apical setae on tarsus I, leg setae generally moderately short (15 – 30 µm) and smooth, al - 1 of telofemur and al - 2 of basifemur of leg II bluntly spinelike, very short (5 µm). Adult male. Dorsal idiosoma: Dorsal shield 270 – 275 µm long, 200 – 205 µm wide at level of setae j 6, ornamented as in female but with more expansive lateral margins that bear all marginal setae present, such that 22 pairs of setae (including r 4 - r 5) on anterior region and 18 pairs (including 3 pairs of R - setae) on posterior region; R 2 - R 3 absent (one member of most posterior pair of R - setae sometimes on lateral soft cuticle). Form and proportionate size of dorsal idiosomatic setae much as in female, general lengths along with idiosomal length ca. 25 % shorter than in female. Ve n t r a l idiosoma (Fig. 9): Tritosternum proportionally smaller than in female, with laciniae fused along basal 0.4 of their length (60 µm). Sternogenital shield 125 – 130 µm long, 65 – 67 µm wide at narrowest widths between coxae II – IV, with 5 pairs of setae and 3 pairs of poroids, unornamented over most of surface, lineate along lateral margins; setae st 4 not suppressed but shorter (10 – 11 µm) than st 1 - st 3 (15 – 17 µm). Ventri-anal shield length 87 – 90 µm, extending over areas occupied by metapodal plates, abutting posterior margin of sternogenital shield and posterior margins of peritrematal-exopodal plates (separation of these structures as shown in Fig. 9 caused by slide-mounting), but not united caudally with dorsal shield; ventri-anal shield transversely lineate-reticulate over nearly entire surface, bearing the only 3 or 4 pairs of opisthogastric setae present, JV 1, ZV 2, JV 5, sometimes JV 4 (JV 2 - JV 3, ZV 1, ZV 3, sometimes JV 4 repressed). Peritrematal shield and peritreme: Peritrematal shields united with dorsal shield at level of setae r 3; form and extent of peritreme as in female. Gnathosoma: Form of tectum and ventral subcapitular structures similar to those of female; distance between fifth and sixth rows of deutosternal denticles ca. 1.3 – 1.5 longer than that between fourth and fifth rows. Fixed digit of chelicera with file of ca. 12 fine denticles between subapical tooth and pilus dentilis, this file not on elevated ridge as in female; movable digit 32 – 34 µm long, with one well-formed tooth in apposition to file of denticles on fixed digit; spermatodactyl 32 – 33 µm long, extending ca. 15 µm beyond tip of movable digit, simple in form, thickened and with slight spur paraxially along midlength, curved slightly downwards apically (Fig. 10). Legs: Relative to idiosomatic length, leg lengths similarly proportionate to those of female; leg I 330 – 340 µm, leg II 255 – 270 µm, leg III 265 – 280 µm, leg IV 500 – 515 µm. Leg I with tarsus (90 – 92 µm) ca. 1.4 – 1.5 longer than tibia (62 – 65 µm) and ca. twice longer than genu (44 – 45 µm). Setation and other structures of legs similar to those of female, no sexual dimorphism evident.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD48D47FF76B697FDFD7A5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype female, paratype male, 1 paratype female and 1 paratype male, 18. iv. 2000, from forest litter, Cananéia, State of Sao Paulo, col. A. R. Oliveira, deposited at ESALQ-USP. One paratype female and 1 paratype male, same data as holotype, deposited at Canadian National Collection of Insects and Arachnids, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (CNCI).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD48D47FF76B697FDFD7A5C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: One of us (EEL) is aware of at least four other species, as yet undescribed, from Central America and southern Mexico, whose adults also display the synapomorphic attributes of absences of the ventral setae v - 3 on genu I and pv on genua II and III, elongated leg IV, bladelike, anteriorly-projecting vertical setae and whose females usually (in three of the four species) have a relatively small, subtriangular ventri-anal shield. This group of species may be considered to form the phalangioides species group. This is the second record of a member of this species group from South America. Mineiro & Moraes (2001) referred to the occurrence of C. phalangioides in Piracicaba, also in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A re-examination of those specimens showed that they are actually C. neophalangioides sp. nov .. Cheiroseius phalangioides was originally described and recorded by Evans & Hyatt (1960) from tropical Africa. The subsequent record of it from Japan by Ishikawa (1969) is uncertain, in view of the previous lack of attention given to certain details such as the length of leg IV relative to the length of the dorsal shield, and the relative lengths of some leg setae, particularly on tarsus IV.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD48D47FF76B697FDFD7A5C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name neophalangioides refers to the close similarity between the new species here described and C. phalangioides.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD08D48FF76B4DCFE57788C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adult females of this species are closely similar to those of Gamasellodes rectiventris Lindquist 1971 in having the anterior margin of the ventri-anal shield broad, nearly straight, seeming to cause an anterior displacement of seta ZV 2 into nearly transverse alignment with JV 1 and ZV 1, and in having long peritremes that extend anteriorly to a level between the bases of setae s 1 and z 1. They are distinguished from the latter in having the anterior margin of the ventri-anal shield extending slightly more anteriorly so as to nearly touch the alveoli of setae JV 1 and ZV 2, and to incorporate a pair of sigillar platelets between and slightly behind the bases of setae JV 1 and ZV 1. They also differ in having several setae on the opisthonotal shield longer than in G. rectiventris, such that Z 3 extends to the base of Z 4, Z 4 well surpasses the base of Z 5, and S 3 surpasses the base of S 4. In contrast to G. rectiventris, the anterior extremities of the peritrematal shields abut but do not unite with the podonotal shield, and the slightly longer peritremes reach to the extremities of these shields alongside setae z 1. Further, on tarsus IV, seta ad - 2 is nearly 3 times as long as pd - 2, whereas these setae are similar in length in G. rectiventris. Adult female. Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 11): Dorsal shields collectively 288 µm long, 128 µm wide at levels of setae j 5 and J 3, unornamented over entire surface except for an arched transverse line anteriorly between setae j 2 and j 3, and some markings posteriorly in region of setae J 4 - J 5, including a posteriorly arched, crenulated transverse line between setae Z 4 and a mostly longitudinal line on either side medial to Z 4. Podonotal shield with 16 pairs of setae, opisthonotal shield with 15 pairs; 10 or 11 pairs of setae on lateral soft cuticle, including s 1 - s 2 and r 2 - r 5 anteriorly (r 6 absent), and R 1 - R 3, R 5 and sometimes R 4 posteriorly (R 4 sometimes unilaterally or bilaterally absent, R 6 absent). Most dorsal setae, including all on podonotal region, short (11 – 15 µm), clearly shorter than successive longitudinal distances between their bases; on opisthonotal shield J 2 (14 µm) ca. 0.4 as long as alveolar interval J 2 - J 3, J 4 (17 – 18 µm) slightly longer than other members of J - series (13 – 15 µm), Z 1 - Z 5 (15, 16, 20, 30, 42 µm, respectively) and S 1 - S 5 (13, 16, 18, 20, 23 µm, respectively) sequentially slightly longer, Z 1 slightly longer than interval Z 1 - S 1, Z 3 almost reaching base of Z 4; all setae smooth except Z 5 almost imperceptibly barbed. Setae j 2 nearly transversely aligned with j 1 and z 1. Setae on lateral soft cuticle short (10 – 13 µm, except r 3 16 µm), simple.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD08D48FF76B4DCFE57788C.taxon	description	Ve n t ra l idiosoma (Fig. 12): Tritosternum normal in shape, with trapezoidal base and slender, pilose laciniae fused along only basal one-tenth of their length (45 µm). Pre-sternal area weakly sclerotized, indistinctly lineate and microtuberculate, without platelets. Sternal shield ca. 82 µm in median length by 50 µm wide at narrowest width between coxae II, with 3 pairs of setae and 3 pairs of poroids; shield with anterior margin deeply emarginated medially, lineated along lateral margins, smooth over rest of surface, and with posterior margin gently, irregularly concave. Sternal setae st 4 on soft cuticle; st 4 and genital setae st 5 slightly shorter (10 – 11 µm) than st 1 - st 3 (13 – 14 µm). Endopodal plates formed as weak strips alongside coxae III – IV. Genital shield smooth anteriorly, but lightly reticulated posteriorly and widened at level of insertions of genital seta, with posterior margin truncate, and hyaline anterior margin broadly rounded, not overlapping posterior margin of sternal shield. Post-genital groove lacking platelets. Metapodal plates undivided, small, slender, ca. 12 µm long by 5 µm wide. Ventri-anal shield ca. 0.7 as long (90 µm) as wide (120 µm), with anterior margin nearly straight medially, incorporating a pair of sigillar platelets between and slightly behind the bases of setae JV 1 and ZV 1, nearly touching alveoli of setae JV 1 and ZV 2, and abruptly curving posterolaterally behind setae ZV 2; shield unornamented in anterior half, lacking line between bases of setae JV 2 and JV 3, and sparsely punctate on post-anal region, with 4 pairs of ventral setae (JV 2, JV 3, JV 4, JV 5) plus 3 circum-anal setae, all simple; post-anal seta longest (38 µm), then JV 5 (35 µm); JV 3 inserted in lateral alignment with JV 2 and shorter (11 µm) than JV 2 (20 µm); para-anal setae (15 µm) ca. 0.4 as long as postanal seta. Four pairs of ventral setae (JV 1, ZV 1 - ZV 3) on soft cuticle antero-laterally of ventri-anal shield; ZV 2 nearly aligned transversely with JV 1 and ZV 1 in front of anterior margin of shield. Exopodal plate strip interrupted between coxae II and III, and between coxae III and IV, and free from peritrematal shield alongside coxae II – III, but integrated with it beside and behind coxa IV. Peritrematal shield and peritreme (Figs 11 – 12): Peritrematal shields abutting but not fused to dorsal shield at level of paravertical poroids and setae z 1; peritremes extending to anterior extremities of peritrematal plates beside bases of setae z 1. Spermathecal apparatus: Not discernible in specimens at hand. Gnathosoma (Figs 13 – 14): Anterior margin of tectum smoothly triramous. Fixed digit of chelicera with short pilus dentilis and with offset subapical tooth followed by 4 teeth on apical half; movable digit 26 – 27 µm long, bidentate. Deutosternum with 7 connected rows of denticles, each narrow, with 2 – 4 denticles; corniculus normally formed, reaching to anterior margin of palptrochanter; internal mala finely fringed, extending nearly to tip of corniculus. Hypostomatic setae h 1 similar in slender form and length (15 µm) with h 2 (16 µm). Legs (Fig. 15): Legs I (223 µm) and IV (205 µm) shorter than length of the two dorsal shields. Coxa I with a dorsal ridge of denticles, and sparsely lineate ventrally; coxae II – III with one or two lines posteroventrally; coxa IV smooth. Legs I – IV with normally developed pretarsi (length ca. 10 µm) and claws. Tarsi II – IV with apical setal processes ad - 1, pd - 1 inconspicuous, short (ca. 5 µm). Leg IV with tarsus (61 µm) ca. 2.3 as long as tibia (26 µm); telotarsus IV with seta ad - 2 (33 µm) 3 times as long as pd - 2 (11 µm), and with av - 1 (17 µm), av - 2 (20 µm) and mv (14 µm) longer and thicker than pv - 1 (11 µm) and pv - 2 (12 µm) (Fig. 15). Setation of femora of legs I-II-III-IV, respectively, 12 - 11 - 6 - 6; that of genua, 13 - 11 - 8 - 9; that of tibiae, 13 - 10 - 8 - 10; leg chaetotactic formulae normal for genus and tribe Ascini as presented by Lindquist & Evans (1965); leg setae generally slender, smooth. Adult male: Unknown.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD08D48FF76B4DCFE57788C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype female and 2 paratype females, 2. vii. 1999, from litter of a patch of secondary forest, ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, State of Sao Paulo, col. J. L. de C. Mineiro, deposited at ESALQ- USP. Two paratype females, same data as holotype, deposited at CNCI. One paratype female, 28. vi. 1999, from soil of a bean field, same locality as holotype, col. J. L. de C. Mineiro, deposited at ESALQ-USP.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD08D48FF76B4DCFE57788C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: These are the first records of a species of the genus Gamasellodes in Brazil. Our description of this species as distinct from Gamasellodes rectiventris is based in part on a re-examination of type material of the latter species, as well as study of material representing undescribed species from Costa Rica on loan in the Canadian National Collection of Insects and Arachnids. Our observations indicate that forms which seem to represent morphospecies are closely similar to one another in the genus Gamasellodes, and pose considerable problems in the distinction and description of species and their identification. Unless more careful descriptions and illustrations of these forms are made, including accounts of shield ornamentation, leg setation, and whatever spermathecal structures are evident, little progress will be made in understanding their distributions and ecological associations.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFD08D48FF76B4DCFE57788C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name magniventris refers to the characteristically broad ventri-anal shield of the new species here described.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFDE8D4CFF76B24CFD1F7C51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adults of this species are closely similar to those of Lasioseius floridensis Berlese 1916, L. queenslandicus (Womersley 1956) and L. sugawarai Ehara 1964, all of whose females are characterized by the dorsal shield having 21 pairs of setae, including r 4 but excluding r 5, with post-humeral seta r 4 short and simple, similar to r 2, and not more than half as long as tricarinate seta s 4 neighboring it medially; most dorsal shield setae tricarinate and moderately long, many nearly as long as longitudinal intervals between their bases; first pair of sternal setae on weak pre-sternal sclerotization just before anterior margin of sternal shield; sternal shield with an anteromedial patch of reticula; tarsus II with one midlateral seta, pl - 2, elongated, reaching nearly to base of pretarsus. The adults of each of these species are distinctive from the others in the forms of the female spermathecal apparatus and, in some cases, of the male spermatodactyl. In female L. latinoamericanus n. sp., a moderately long major duct leads from the solenostome to a densely sclerotized region (the embolus) from which arise a slender funnel-shaped calyx and a fine minor duct of undetermined length and undiscerned terminus (Fig. 20); the spermatodactyl is only slightly longer than the male cheliceral movable digit, untapered, and bluntly arrowhead-shaped with a dorsal hook subapically (Fig. 27), similar to that of L. queenslandicus (Walter & Lindquist 1997, Figs 11, 12). In female L. floridensis a short major duct leads to a strongly sclerotized, shallowly cup-shaped calyx from which a long, convoluted minor duct arises that is divided for a short interval before its slightly thickened, truncate terminus (Fig. 16); the spermatodactyl is ca. 1.5 as long as the male movable cheliceral digit, tapered and slightly sinuate distally (Fig. 17). In female L. queenslandicus the sperm access system is bifurcate, with a tubular, weakly sclerotized calyx and a thick minor duct that arises near the solenostome and terminates in an enlarged flower-like structure (Walter & Lindquist 1997, Figs 5, 6); as noted above, the male spermatodactyl is similar to that of L. latinoamericanus. In female L. sugawarai the apparatus is small, very weakly sclerotized, bulbous, without a minor duct, and seemingly vestigial (Ehara 1964, fig. 46); the male is not known for this species. Adult female: Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 18): Dorsal shield 402 – 422 µm long, 205 – 212 µm wide at midlength level of setae s 6, reticulate over entire surface, with sparse puncta posteriorly between setae Z 4 - J 5, but without punctate areas on either side between setae J 1 - J 3 and Z 1 - Z 3; with 21 pairs of setae (j 1 - j 6, z 1 - z 6, s 1 - s 6, r 2 - r 4) on anterior region and 15 pairs of setae (J 1 - J 5, Z 1 - Z 5, S 1 - S 5) on posterior region. Most setae on dorsal shield moderately long (25 – 40 µm), Z 4 and Z 5 subequally longest (45 – 50 µm), j 1, J 3, Z 4, s 4 - s 6 and S 1 - S 4 nearly (0.7 – 0.9) to subequally as long as distance to insertions of next seta in series; z 1, s 2, r 2, r 4 and J 5 short (13 – 18 µm but s 2 only 8 – 9 µm), simple, except J 5 slightly barbed basally; r 4 (17 – 18 µm) half as long as tricarinate seta s 4 (34 – 35 µm) neighboring it medially, s 1 (23 – 24 µm) stouter than and over twice as long as s 2 (8 – 9 µm); other dorsal shield setae stout, tricarinate, and Z 3 - Z 5, S 4 and S 5 also barbed. Lateral soft cuticle with 8 pairs of marginal setae (r 5 - r 6, R 1 - R 6) and one pair of submarginal setae below level of R 1 - R 2, these setae similarly short (19 - 25 µm), simple, except r 5 slightly tricarinate and larger (28 – 29 µm), and UR shorter (10 – 12 µm).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFDE8D4CFF76B24CFD1F7C51.taxon	description	Ve n tr a l idiosoma (Fig. 19): Tritosternum with laciniae free for ca. 52 – 54 µm of their total length (70 – 75 µm). Pre-sternal area lineate, microtuberculate, and containing first pair of sternal setae. Sternal shield finely puncate over most of surface, lineate along lateral margins, with anteromedian patch of reticula, second and third pairs of sternal setae and two pairs of poroids. Metasternal plates suboval to subquadrangular, with 4 th pair of sternal setae and third pair of poroids. Endopodal strips normally formed alongside coxae III – IV. Genital shield nearly truncated posteriorly, scarcely widened behind genital setae, densely punctate; paragenital pores in soft cuticle posterior to level of genital setae. Post-genital strip divided into 4 well defined platelets. Metapodal plates divided into smaller narrow element (ca. 10 µm long) and larger oval or subtriangular element (15 – 16 µm long, 8 – 10 µm wide). Ventri-anal shield wider (160 – 174 µm) than long (128 – 138 µm), with transverse lineation connected by few diagonal lines that are more numerous in anal region, and sparsely punctate in anal region; shield with usually 4 pairs of ventral setae (JV 1 - JV 3, ZV 2, and rarely asymmetrically one of ZV 3) plus 3 circum-anal setae of which para - anals shorter (20 – 23 µm) than postanal seta (30 – 32 µm), these setae simple, similar in length; anal opening not enlarged (length 25 µm). Ventral soft cuticle with 7 pairs of setae (ZV 1, ZV 3 - ZV 5, JV 4, JV 5, and a pair of submarginal UR - setae laterad ZV 4) around ventri-anal shield; most posterior two pairs (JV 5, ZV 5) larger (35 – 37, 28 – 30 µm, respectively), weakly tricarinate (ZV 5 not tricarinate in some specimens). Exopodal plate a continuous strip alongside coxae II – IV. Peritrematal shield and peritreme (Figs 18 – 19): Peritrematal shields fused to dorsal shield at level between setae z 1 and s 1 and broadly fused to exopodal shields at level of coxae IV; peritremes extending anteriorly nearly to bases of setae j 1. Spermathecal apparatus (Fig. 20): with major duct leading to small, densely sclerotized region (embolus) from which minor duct and slender funnel-like calyx arise (length ca. 35 µm, width 7 – 9 µm); extent of minor duct indiscernible in specimens at hand. Gnathosoma (Figs 21 – 23): Anterior margin of tectum with 3 denticulate prongs. Fixed cheliceral digit with short pilus dentilis, offset subapical tooth, and row of 12 – 14 evenly sized teeth; movable digit (length 40 µm) tridentate; lateral hyaline rim along paraxial face of digit serrated at level of base of movable digit. Deutosternum with 7 connected rows of denticles; anterior 5 rows each with 9 – 12 denticles; 6 th and 7 th rows slightly wider, with 14 – 20 and 13 – 16 denticles, respectively. Hypostomatic setae h 1 not elongated, nearly as long as h 2 (30 – 34 µm); internal mala slightly longer than corniculus, with lateral margin finely fringed. Palptrochanter with internal seta subequally as long as external seta (ca. 25 µm). Legs (Fig. 24): Legs I and IV similar in length (362 – 375 µm and 382 – 392 µm, respectively), and nearly as long as dorsal shield; pretarsus of leg I slender (20 – 22 µm), pretarsi of legs II – III similar in length (15 – 17 µm), slightly shorter than pretarsus IV (20 µm); tarsi II – IV with apical setal processes (9 – 14 µm) about half as long as pretarsi; pretarsi II – IV with paradactyli projecting to apices of claws. Genua and tibiae of legs I-II-III- IV with 13 - 11 - 9 - 9 and 13 - 10 - 8 - 10 setae, respectively, without deficiencies. Tarsus II with seta pl - 2 slender, elongated (38 - 40 µm) but short of reaching base of pretarsus; tarsus III without elongated setae. Tarsus IV (127 – 130 µm) ca. 1.4 as long as tarsi II (95 µm) and III (88 µm); leg IV setae pd - 3 on basitarsus and pd - 2, mv on telotarsus longer (40 – 43) than others, but these not equaling length of tibia IV (48 – 50 µm). All leg setae smooth. Adult male. Dorsal idiosoma: Dorsal shield 302 – 315 µm long, 168 – 171 µm wide at midlength, ornamented as on female; with 23 pairs of setae (j 1 - j 6, z 1 - z 6, s 1 - s 6, r 2 - r 6) on anterior region and 15 pairs of setae (J 1 - J 5, Z 1 - Z 5, S 1 - S 5) on posterior region. Length and shape of setae similar to female, except that Z 2 and Z 3 are also at least as long as distance to insertions of next seta in series. Soft cuticle with 6 pairs of marginal setae (R 1 - R 6), their relative lengths as in female; submarginal setae absent. Ven tra l idiosoma (Fig. 25): Tritosternum as in female. Pre-sternal area sparsely lineate and microtuberculate. Sternogenital shield lightly punctate over most of surface, lineate along lateral margins, with 5 pairs of setae and 3 pairs of poroids. Ventri-anal shield (115 – 120 µm long, 155 – 158 µm wide) covering most of opisthogaster, incorporating metapodal plates but not fused to peritrematal shield, ornamented as in female, with 6 pairs of ventral setae (JV 1 - JV 3, JV 5, ZV 1, ZV 2) plus 3 circum-anal setae. One pair of setae (R 6) on ventral soft cuticle beside ventri-anal shield; most posterior pair (JV 5) slightly barbed, weakly tricarinate, larger (22 – 23 µm) than other, simple opisthogastric setae; JV 4, ZV 3, ZV 4, ZV 5 absent. Peritrematal shield and peritreme (Fig. 25): Peritrematal shields uniting with dorsal shield at level of setae r 3; peritremes as in female. Gnathosoma (Figs 26 – 27): Anterior margin of tectum truncate and variably with 2 or 3 short denticulate prongs. Fixed cheliceral digit with short pilus dentilis, offset subapical tooth, and row of ca. 9 teeth; movable digit (length 25 – 27 µm) with one tooth; spermatodactyl stout, shaft 30 µm long, slightly sinuous, extending 15 – 18 µm beyond tip of movable digit, ending in knob-like process with dorsal subapical spur. Subcapitular structures as in female, except that corniculi more slender and widely separated, 6 th and 7 th rows of deutosternal denticles more densely denticulate, with ca. 25 and 20 denticles, respectively. Legs: Legs I and IV similar in length (300 – 310 µm and 310 – 315 µm, respectively) and subequal in length to dorsal shield. Setation and relative lengths and form of setae and other structures on legs I – IV as in female, with no sexually dimorphic thickened structures.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFDE8D4CFF76B24CFD1F7C51.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype female, paratype male, 5 paratype females and 5 paratype males, 5. iv. 1999, from litter of a patch of rubber tree plantation, ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, col. J. L. de C. Mineiro, deposited at ESALQ / USP. One paratype female, 9. x. 1998, from the same habitat as holotype, col. J. L. de C. Mineiro, deposited at ESALQ-USP. One paratype female, 21. xii. 1998, from the same habitat as holotype, col. J. L. de C. Mineiro, deposited at ESALQ-USP. Additional paratypes, 2 females and 1 male, COSTA RICA, Prov. Heredia, La Selva, elev. 50 – 150 m, collected from pan traps set in lowland tropical rainforest litter, 15 June 1998 and 13 August 1998, by ALAS parataxonomist team. Two paratype females and one paratype male deposited at CNCI; one paratype female and one paratype male deposited at INBio, Costa Rica.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFDE8D4CFF76B24CFD1F7C51.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The description of L. latinoamericanus n. sp. as distinct from other species noted in the diagnosis, especially concerning details of the female spermathecal apparatus, is based on the examination and notes by one of us (EEL, unpublished) of the type material of those species. L. latinoamericanus is a member of a group of species that we call the floridensis - group, which may be characterized by the shared suite of dorsal idiosomal, sternal, ventri-anal and leg attributes mostly noted for species in the diagnosis. Because of inadequate description of most species of this group and a lack of subsequent studies of their type material, there remains considerable confusion about the distinctiveness of some of its members, with some synonymy expected among named entities.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFDE8D4CFF76B24CFD1F7C51.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name latinoamericanus refers to the region in the American continent (Latin America) where the types of this new species were collected.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFDA8D51FF76B586FCD27CB8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adult females of this species resemble those of several other species (e. g., L. analis Evans 1958, L. scapulatus (Kennett 1958), L. bilineatus Karg 1976, L. operculi Karg 1980, etc.) in having a ventri-anal shield with 4 pairs of opisthogastric setae, and leg IV clearly longer than the dorsal shield and provided with several macrosetae on the genu, tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, of which pd - 3 on the basitarsus and pd - 2 on the telotarsus are clearly longer than the tibia, and pd - 2 on the tibia is slightly longer than that segment. It differs from those species in the dorsal shield lacking setae J 4 (denoted as J 3 by Karg 1980). Adult female. Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 28): Dorsal shield 435 – 475 µm long, 275 – 310 µm wide at midlength level of setae s 6, reticulate over entire surface, lacking puncta posteriorly between setae Z 4 - J 5; with 21 pairs of setae (j 1 - j 6, z 1 - z 6, s 1 - s 6, r 2 - r 4) on anterior region and 14 pairs of setae (J 1 - J 3, J 5, Z 1 - Z 5, S 1 - S 5), lacking J 4, on posterior region. Most setae on dorsal shield relatively long (40 – 65 µm), slightly longer than distance to insertions of next seta in series; z 1, s 1, s 2, r 2, r 4 and J 5 smooth, similarly short (12 – 19 µm) except s 1 and r 4 slightly longer (20 – 24 µm), r 4 half as long as tricarinate seta s 4 neighboring it medially; other dorsal shield setae stout, tricarinate, Z 4 and Z 5 also barbed. Lateral soft cuticle with 7 or 8 pairs of marginal setae (r 5 - r 6, R 1 - R 6, but R 3 sometimes absent on one or both sides), these setae similarly short (15 – 20 µm), simple, except r 5 slightly longer; submarginal setae absent.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFDA8D51FF76B586FCD27CB8.taxon	description	Ve n t r a l idiosoma (Fig. 29): Tritosternal laciniae free for ca. 60 – 75 µm of their length (ca. 90 µm). Presternal area lineate, sparsely microtuberculate, without platelets. Sternal shield sparsely punctate over most of surface, lineate along lateral margins, with pair of oblique lines extending from near midline of anterior margin to level between first and second pairs of sternal setae, sometimes with median groove but lacking patch of reticula anteromedially, and with 3 pairs of setae and 2 pairs of poroids. Metasternal plates subquadrate, with fourth pair of sternal setae and third pair of poroids. Endopodal strips normally formed alongside coxae III – IV. Genital shield punctate, nearly truncated posteriorly, with lateral margin markedly concave anterior to genital seta; paragenital pores in soft cuticle slightly behind level of genital seta. Postgenital strip divided into 4 weakly defined platelets (division incomplete or difficult to discern in some specimens). Metapodal plates divided into smaller narrow element (13 – 14 µm) and larger oval to subtriangular element (15 – 18 µm long, 10 – 11 µm wide). Ventri-anal shield wider (202 – 208 µm) than long (148 – 160 µm), with transverse lineation connected by few diagonal lines that are more numerous in anal region, lacking puncta in anal region; shield with usually 4, rarely 5, pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV 1 - JV 3, ZV 2, and sometimes asymmetrically one or symmetrically both of ZV 3) plus 3 circum-anal setae of which para-anals (28 – 32 µm) slightly longer than post-anal seta (25 – 29 µm), all these setae simple, similar in length; anal opening slightly enlarged (length 35 – 40 µm). Ventral soft cuticle with usually 5 pairs of setae (ZV 1, ZV 4, JV 4, JV 5, and usually ZV 3) around ventri-anal shield (ZV 5 absent); most posterior pair (JV 5) longer (36 – 40 µm), thicker, slightly tricarinate or not tricarinate. Exopodal plate a continuous strip alongside coxae II – IV. Peritrematal shield and peritreme (Figs 28 – 29): Peritrematal shields fused to dorsal shield at level of setae s 1 and to exopodal plates at level of coxae IV; peritremes extending anteriorly nearly to bases of setae j 1. Spermathecal apparatus (Fig. 30): With major duct leading to densely sclerotized, thick embolus and calyx with twisted base and short, cup-shaped apex (20 – 25 µm long, 18 – 20 µm wide); long, fine minor duct ending with slightly enlarged terminus. Gnathosoma (Figs 31 – 33): Anterior margin of tectum truncate or slightly convex, coarsely irregularly denticulate. Fixed cheliceral digit with short pilus dentilis, offset subapical tooth, and row of 18 – 22 evenly sized, closely spaced teeth; movable digit (length 45 – 47 µm) tridentate; lateral hyaline rim along paraxial face of digit smooth, lacking serration at level of base of movable digit. Deutosternum with 7 connected rows of denticles; anterior 5 rows each with 7 – 12 fine denticles, 6 th row wider, with ca. 12 – 21 coarser denticles, 7 th row narrow, with 7 – 11 coarser denticles. Hypostomatic setae h 1 not elongated, ca. as long as h 2 (30 – 35 µm); internal mala slightly longer than corniculus, with lateral margin finely fringed. Palptrochanter with internal seta subequally as long as external seta. Legs (Fig. 34): Legs I slightly (1.1 – 1.2) and IV clearly (1.4 – 1.6) longer than dorsal shield (ca. 450 – 530 and 625 – 720 µm, respectively); pretarsus of leg I slender (22 – 24 µm), pretarsi of legs II – III similar in length (20 – 24 µm) and of IV longer (40 – 45 µm); tarsi II – IV with apical setal processes (7 – 8 µm) blunt, ca. 0.3 as long as pretarsi; pretarsi II – IV with paradactyli projecting to apices of claws. Genua and tibiae of legs I-II-III- IV with 13 - 11 - 9 - 9 and 13 - 10 - 8 - 10 setae, respectively, without deficiencies. Tarsi II – III without elongated setae. Tarsus IV (235 – 270 µm) ca. 1.4 as long as tarsi II (130 – 150 µm) and III (135 – 160 µm); leg IV with 6 more or less enlarged setae: genual pd - 2 (73 – 85 µm) subequally as long as genu (80 – 88 µm), tibial ad - 1 (75 – 90 µm) nearly and pd - 2 (100 – 120 µm) equally as long as tibia (98 – 112 µm), basitarsal ad - 3 (90 – 105 µm) slightly shorter and basitarsal pd - 3 (150 – 175 µm) and telotarsal pd - 2 (135 – 160 µm) longer than tibia; basitarsal seta pl - 3 stiff, slightly stouter than al - 3. All leg setae smooth. Adult male: Unknown.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFDA8D51FF76B586FCD27CB8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Piracicaba – 1 female, 9. x. 1998, 1 female, 5. iv. 1999 and 15 female, 2. vii. 1999, from litter of a patch of secondary forest. Previous records: Originally recorded by Chant (1958) from two females collected from pear bark, Lausanne, Switzerland, and by Karg (1980) from one female from a soil probe, “ Batuati ” (probably Botucatu, State of São Paulo), Brazil.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFDA8D51FF76B586FCD27CB8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The above redescription and the following remarks are based in part on the study by one of us (EEL) of the holotypes of both L. helvetius and L. saltatus. In his world review of the genus Lasioseius in which L. saltatus was described as a new species, Karg (1980) did not account for Chant’s (1958) earlier description of L. helvetius, even though he did so for L. allii, which was described in the same paper. This oversight was perhaps due to errors and inconsistencies in Chant’s description and his placement of helvetius in Paragarmania, which hindered confirmation of helvetius as a member of the genus Lasioseius rather than Paragarmania, a taxon now placed under Blattisocius. Chant’s distinction of Paragarmania from Lasioseius was based on its members having “ ... only a few weak teeth on the fixed digit of the chelicera as compared with the multidentate condition of the latter ”. Yet, Chant’s description of helvetius states, correctly albeit vaguely, “ Chelicera with many teeth ”. Even if Karg had accounted for helvetius in the genus Lasioseius, without access to its type material he would not have considered it to be closely similar to the form he described as L. saltatus because of the following inconsistencies in Chant’s description: dorsal shield with 36 pairs of simple setae, with J 4 illustrated as present (the holotype has 35 pairs of mostly tricarinate setae, with J 4 absent); metasternal plates absent (they are present); ventri-anal shield longer (140 µm) than wide (113 µm) (but wider (175 µm) than long (145 µm) on the holotype). We wonder whether Chant based his description and illustration of this species largely on the single paratype he had at hand, rather than the specimen selected as holotype, and whether that paratype was of a different species than the holotype. The paratype has not been found amidst Chant’s material deposited in the CNCI. We have a few reservations about the synonymy of L. saltatus under L. helvetius. The spermathecal apparatus is not clear in the holotype of saltatus, because of its obfuscation by two spermatophores on one side and by an egg on the other side. What can be seen of it, however, is consistent with that observed in our Brazilian specimens; and in other respects the holotype matches our material completely, and it was collected from a similar substrate in the same country. On the other hand, the type material of L. helvetius is from a different substrate in a north-temperate country, and the holotype differs slightly from that of L. saltatus and other Brazilian material in having the dorsal shield slightly narrower (263 µm) relative to its length (460 µm) [ratio 0.57], compared to widths (288 – 310 µm) and lengths (448 – 475 µm) [ratio 0.65 –. 0.69] in Brazilian material, and the ventri-anal shield slightly less wider (175 µm) than long (145 µm) [ratio 1.2], compared to widths (203 – 208 µm) and lengths (148 – 160 µm) [ratio 1.3 – 1.4] in Brazilian material. However, its spermathecal apparatus appears to be the same in form.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC78D52FF76B5A4FD507C51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: The adult female of this species resembles those of several species of Lasioseius described from the Southern Hemisphere (Africa, Australia, South America) in having the metapodal plates coalesced into one enlarged, subtriangular, reticulated plate on either side. It further resembles that of L. uluguruensis van Aswegen & Loots, 1969, in distinction to other species including L. inguinalis Karg, 1976, in having only 4 (instead of 5 or 6) pairs of opisthogastric setae plus the 3 circum-anal setae on the ventri-anal shield, leaving setae ZV 3, JV 4, JV 5 on soft cuticle flanking that shield. It differs from L. uluguruensis and others in lacking discrete platelets on the pre-sternal region and in having nearly all of the dorsal shield setae smooth, attenuate (only j 1 and r 3 are tricarinate) and relatively long, most of them clearly longer than distance to insertion of next seta in series. Adult female. Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 35): Dorsal shield 580 – 588 µm long, 425 – 465 µm wide at midlength level of setae s 6, embossed-reticulate over entire surface, lacking puncta posteriorly between setae Z 4 - J 5; with 22 pairs of setae (j 1 - j 6, z 1 - z 6, s 1 - s 6, r 2 - r 5) on anterior region and 15 pairs of setae (J 1 - J 5, Z 1 - Z 5, S 1 - S 5) on posterior region. Setae j 1 (40 – 43 µm) and r 3 (50 – 52 µm) lanceolate-tricarinate, all other dorsal shield setae slender, attenuate, most of them relatively long (58 – 88 µm), clearly longer than distance to insertions of next seta in series, though some of them, especially z 1, s 1, s 2, r 2, J 5 (20 – 32 µm) and to lesser extent z 2, z 5 (35 – 42 µm), shorter; seta r 4 ca. 0.6 as long as s 4 neighboring it medially; insertion of seta z 5 displaced slightly anterior to level of j 5. Lateral soft cuticle with 12 to 15 pairs of setae, including 7 marginal pairs (r 6, R 1 - R 6) and 0 to 3 submarginal pairs (UR) below R 4 - R 6, flanked by 5 pairs of opisthogastric setae ventrolaterally (see below), these setae attenuate, of moderate length.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC78D52FF76B5A4FD507C51.taxon	description	Ve nt r a l idiosoma (Fig. 36): Tritosternal laciniae free for ca. 80 µm of their length (115 – 120 µm). Presternal area strongly lineate, not microtuberculate, and containing first pair of sternal setae. Sternal shield densely punctate over most of surface, lineate-striate along lateral margins, lacking anteromedian patch of reticula, with second and third pairs of sternal setae and 2 pairs of poroids. Metasternal plates subquadrate, with fourth pair of sternal setae and third pair of poroids. Endopodal strips well formed alongside coxae III – IV. Genital shield truncated posteriorly, slightly widened behind genital seta, coarsely punctate over much of surface, slightly reticulate posteriorly; paragenital pores in soft cuticle well posterior to level of genital seta. Post-genital platelets consolidated into one transverse strip. Metapodal plates undivided, enlarged, reticulate, subtriangular, longer (85 – 97 µm) than wide (67 – 75 µm). Ventri-anal shield much wider (338 – 342 µm) than long (200 – 220 µm), with anterior margin slightly concave medially, embossed-reticulate over entire surface, lacking field of puncta in anal region; shield with 4 pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV 1 - JV 3, ZV 2) plus 3 circum-anal setae of which para - anals subequally as long as post-anal seta (25 – 30 µm); JV 3 (55 – 57 µm) clearly longest of setae on shield. Ventral soft cuticle around ventri-anal shield with setae ZV 1 flanking shield anteriorly and with 8 to 11 pairs of setae flanking shield postero-laterally, including 5 pairs of opisthogastric setae (ZV 3 - ZV 5, JV 4, JV 5) flanked by marginals R 4 - R 6 and 0 - 3 pairs of submarginals; other than short ZV 1 (20 µm), all these setae moderately long, similarly attenuated, and individually inserted on sclerotized tubercles. Exopodal plate a wide continuous strip alongside coxae II – IV. Peritrematal shield and peritreme (Figs 35 – 36): Peritrematal shields fused to dorsal shield at level of setae r 2 and contiguous with exopodal shields alongside coxae II – IV; peritremes extending anteriorly to bases of setae j 1. Spermathecal apparatus (Fig. 37): Difficult to discern, apparently with a small (length 8 µm, width 8 µm) but well sclerotized cup-shaped calyx; embolus and minor duct barely discernible. Gnathosoma (Figs 38 – 41): Anterior margin of tectum with 3 weakly formed, irregularly denticulate prongs, the central one deeply subdivided in some specimens. Middle segment of cheliceral shaft elongate, much as in species of Cheiroseius (length ca. 190 µm, including the ca. 50 µm long fixed digit). Fixed cheliceral digit with short pilus dentilis, 2 offset subapical teeth beside a deep notch (to accomodate apical hook of movable digit) anterior to a row of ca. 15 minute teeth inserted on a convex ridge (ca. 11 – 13 µm in length) that apposes dentition of movable digit (much as in species of Cheiroseius); movable digit (length 48 – 52 µm) tridentate, the central tooth larger; lateral hyaline rim along paraxial face of digit weakly serrated at level of base of movable digit. Deutosternum with 7 connected rows of fine denticles; anterior 5 rows each with ca. 25 denticles; 6 th and 7 th rows each with ca. 30 denticles. Hypostomatic setae h 1 slightly thicker, longer (48 – 52 µm) than h 2 (38 – 45 µm); internal mala slightly longer than corniculus, with lateral margin finely fringed. Palptrochanter with internal seta attenuated (35 – 40 µm), much longer than external seta (25 µm). Legs (Figs 42, 43): Leg I subequally as long as dorsal shield, leg IV slightly (1.1 – 1.2) longer (550 – 610 and 625 – 675 µm long, respectively); pretarsus of leg I long, thin (25 – 27 µm), pretarsi of legs II – III (15 µm) and IV (17 – 18 µm) shorter; claws of tarsus I smaller than those of other tarsi; tarsi II – IV with apical setal processes nearly half as long as pretarsi; pretarsi II – IV with thin attenuate paradactyli projecting well beyond apices of claws (15 – 17 µm on II – III, 20 – 25 µm on IV). Genua and tibiae of legs I-II-III-IV with 13 - 11 - 9 - 9 and 13 - 10 - 8 - 10 setae, respectively, without deficiencies. Tarsus II with seta pl - 2 elongated (55 – 60 µm) but short of reaching base of pretarsus (Fig. 43); tarsi III – IV without elongated setae. Tarsus IV (250 – 255 µm) ca. 1.4 as long as tarsi II – III (175 – 180 µm); leg IV setae pd - 3 on basitarsus and pd - 2 on telotarsus subequal in length (38 – 45 µm), ca. 0.5 as long as tibia (80 – 90 µm). All leg setae smooth. Adult male: Unknown.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC78D52FF76B5A4FD507C51.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Piracicaba – 3 female, 04. i. 1999, from litter of a patch of secondary forest. Previous records: Originally recorded from nematode probes from two sites in Chile, from substrate amidst grass roots and from algae of small pond (Karg 1977).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC78D52FF76B5A4FD507C51.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Although described as a species of Cheiroseius, some of the attributes in the original description of Karg (1977) indicate the proper placement of this species in the genus Lasioseius, especially: the tricarinate form of the humeral seta r 3, the position of the para-anal seta beside (rather than behind) the anal opening, the greater length of the post-anal seta relative to the para-anals (generally shorter than the paraanals in Cheiroseius), the enlargement of the metapodal plates (otherwise unknown among the many species of Cheiroseius and other platyseiine genera), and the rounded form of some of the pulvillar elements of tarsi II – IV that are typically acute in platyseiines. The examination by one of us (EEL, 2004) of a paratype female of Cheiroseius inguinalis confirmed the presence of other attributes characteristic of Lasioseius rather than Cheiroseius, including: the lack of flagellate-straplike form of the anterior hypostomatic seta and internal palptrochanter seta; the lack of straplike form of elongated seta pl - 2 on tarsus II and the lack of similar elongation and form of seta ad - 3 on tarsi II – IV, and a leg chaetotaxy fully holotrichous like most Lasioseius and other genera of Blattisociinae, rather than lacking seta v 3 on femora I – II and pv - 1 on genu II, which are definitive losses for genera of Platyseiinae (Lindquist & Evans 1965). When Christian & Karg (2006) transferred Cheiroseius inguinalis Karg into Lasioseius, as Lasioseius inguinalis (Karg 1977), this name became a junior homonym of Lasioseius inguinalis Karg, 1976, which is the name for another, quite distinct species also described from Chile. One of us (EEL, 2004) has examined the holotype of this species also (Figs 44 – 46). Adult females of this form have similarly enlarged metapodal plates but are distinct as follows: the caudal region of the dorsal shield and anal region of the ventri-anal shield are densely coarsely punctate (puncta not shown in Fig. 44, see fig. 19 c in Karg 1976); the dorsal shield setae are generally shorter and tricarinate-serrate; the sternal shield has a V-shaped patch of reticula anteromedially; the ventri-anal shield bears 6 pairs of opisthogastric setae (not 7 pairs as indicated by Karg, as JV 5 is inserted on a tubercle in soft cuticle beside the incurved postero-lateral margin of the shield) (Fig. 44); the cheliceral digits are smaller and with much different dentition, the fixed digit having 6 coarse, well separated teeth, and the movable digit (length 30 µm) quadridentate (Fig. 45); the legs are shorter, with I and IV shorter than the idiosomal length (which is similar to that of Ch. inguinalis), and with the tarsi markedly shorter (tarsi II – III 110 – 115 µm, IV 160 µm); the pretarsi of legs II – IV have short paradactyli (Fig. 46). As a result, L. inguinalis (Karg 1977), was replaced by Lasioseius quinisetosus Lindquist & Karg in Christian & Karg, 2006: 128, and that name is used here.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC48D54FF76B099FDF07909.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adult female with apex of corniculus split into 3 points (Fig. 47); anterior hypostomatic setae thickened, spinelike; fixed digit of chelicera with row of 12 – 14 teeth, movable digit weakly tridentate and with basal paraxial ridge devoid of teeth in apposition to proximal teeth of fixed digit (Fig. 48); tectum variably 3 - tined, median tine wider and usually larger and smoothly triangular, lateral tines often reduced; dorsal shield deeply emarginate nearly to setae z 2, at level between s 1 and s 2, ornamented over much of surface but smooth between setae j 5 - j 6, opisthonotal region primarily transversely lineate between the J - and the Z - series to the level of Z 4, but primarily longitudinally lineate more laterally, from S 1 to S 4 (Fig. 49), dorsal shield with 42 pairs of setae, 22 pairs on podonotal region, z 3 absent, and 20 pairs on opisthonotal region, including R 1 - R 5 (R 6 on soft cuticle); dorsal shield setae mostly of moderate length, mostly 22 – 30 µm long and ca. 0.4 – 0.8 as long as distance to insertion of next seta in series; r 3, Z 5 and to lesser extent j 1 and S 5 thicker than other setae, Z 4 - Z 5 slightly barbed, Z 5 longest (63 – 68 µm), Z 2 little more than half as long as Z 1 and Z 3; sternal and genital shields entirely reticulated; 4 th pair of sternal setae and third pair of sternal poroids on metasternal plates; anal shield obovate, reticulate, widest at level of enlarged anal opening; opisthogastric soft cuticle with 11 pairs of setae including R 6; SV 1 absent; exopodal plate a continuous strip alongside coxae II – IV, not consolidated with peritrematal shield alongside coxae II – III, but moderately broadly connected with latter beside and behind coxa IV; leg IV with telotarsal seta pd - 2 and basitarsal seta pd - 3 elongated, erect, slightly longer than tibia, and with femoral seta pd - 1 stout, erect as macroseta, slightly longer (53 – 60 µm) than any of dorsal setae on genu and tibia.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC48D54FF76B099FDF07909.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 3 females, 02. x. 1998, 5 females, 21. xii. 1998 and 1 female, 28. vi. 1999, from soil of a patch of secondary forest; 2 female, 02. x. 1998, from soil of a corn field; 9 females, 09. x. 1998, 21 female, 04. i. 1999, 5 females, 05. iv. 1999 and 11 females, 02. vii. 1999, from litter of a patch of secondary forest; 11 females, 09. x. 1998 and 5 females, 04. i. 99, from litter of a patch of rubber tree plantation. Previous records. Originally recorded from Chile, from a variety of habitats including moss, grass, mulch and moist forest soil (Karg 1976).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC48D54FF76B099FDF07909.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The following notes are based on the examination by one of us (EEL, 2004) of several females of the type series of this species. The dorsal shield ornamentation differs considerably on the opisthogastric region from that shown in the original description; it is primarily transversely lineate between the J - and Z - series to the level of Z 4, but primarily longitudinally lineate laterad that region (Fig. 49). The dorsal shield setae are not so similar in length as shown in the original description; j 2 (13 – 15 µm) is much shorter than j 1 (28 – 30 µm) and j 3 (26 – 29 µm), S 1 - S 3 (12 – 15 µm) are abruptly shorter than S 4 - S 5 (23 - 26 µm), and Z 2 (14 – 17 µm) is clearly shorter than Z 1 (23 – 25 µm) and Z 3 (24 – 27 µm). A pair of endopodal strips are well developed beside coxae III – IV and abut or connect with the endopodal extensions of the sternal shield beside coxae II – III. The lateral hyaline rim along the paraxial face of the chela is serrated (Fig. 48). The internal mala is wider basally than shown in the original description and sparsely fringed laterally (Fig. 47). The palptarsal apotele is 2 - tined. The spermathecal apparatus includes a moderately long unsclerotized major duct leading from a solenostome between coxae III and IV to a level with an obvious embolus with a seemingly “ blind ” beginning or spur of minor duct, and a seemingly closed, weakly sclerotized, slender tubular portion ending in an unsclerotized spherical inflation (length from embolus to apex of inflation ca. 30 – 40 µm, distal inflated width ca. 10 – 12 µm) (Fig. 50).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC28D59FF76B0CEFC827AD0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adult females of this species resemble those of Proctolaelaps intermedius Athias-Henriot 1959 and similar forms (see remarks below) in having usually one or rarely two pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV 2, sometimes JV 1 or JV 4) in addition to the circum-anal setae on a ventri-anal shield that is widest near its anterior margin, a triramous tectum, the anterior hypostomatic setae thickened, and the dorsal shield ornamented with few diagonal lateral striae on the anterior region. The dorsal shield in P. paulista differs in having a pair of deep podonotal incisions between setae s 1 and s 2 that extend nearly to the bases of setae z 2, the opisthonotal region fully ornamented with transverse striae, with 20 pairs of opisthonotal setae including R 1 - R 5, setae Z 5 distinctly stouter than neighboring opisthonotal setae, the sternal, genital and ventri-anal shields fully reticulated, the palptarsal apotele 2 - tined, the corniculus tricuspidate apically, and the chelicerae with a moderately multidenticulate fixed digit with 12 or 13 teeth, and a tridentate movable digit that lacks a proximal ridge of denticles. Those of P. intermedius and similar forms lack the deep podonotal incisions, have the posterior region of the dorsal shield unornamented, with 19 pairs of opisthonotal setae including R 1 - R 4, setae Z 5 similar in form to Z 4 and S 5, the ventral shields unornamented, the palptarsal apotele clearly 3 - tined, the corniculus bicuspidate apically, and the chelicerae with a more finely multidenticulate fixed digit with 18 – 20 teeth, and a tridentate movable digit that is also provided more basally and paraxially with a ridge of 8 – 10 fine denticles that appose similar denticles on the fixed digit (see Remarks). Adult female. Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 51): Dorsal shield 305 – 315 µm long, 182 – 190 µm wide at level of setae j 6, with few diagonal striae laterally on anterior region but fully covered with light, mostly transverse striae on posterior region; antero-lateral margins of shield with pair of deep clefts between setae s 1 and s 2 that extend nearly to bases of setae z 2. Dorsal shield with 43 pairs of setae, 23 pairs including marginals r 2 - r 6 on anterior region, 20 pairs including marginals R 1 - R 5 on posterior region; marginal R 6 inserted somewhat ventrolaterally on posterior soft cuticle; submarginal UR setae absent. Most dorsal shield setae moderately short (15 – 22 µm, except z 1, s 1, J 5 and all R - setae slightly shorter, 11 – 14 µm), generally shorter than successive distances between their bases, J 3 and Z 3 reaching 0.6 – 0.7 of distance to bases of J 4 and Z 4 respectively, S 3 ca. 0.5 as long as interval S 3 - S 4; all setae smooth, slender, except Z 5 longer (34 – 35 µm), thicker, slightly barbed.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC28D59FF76B0CEFC827AD0.taxon	description	Ven t ra l idiosoma (Fig. 52): Tritosternum with slender base (length 10 µm) and laciniae fused along basal 15 µm of their length (50 – 55 µm). Pre-sternal area transversely lineate, without evident platelets. Sternal shield 80 – 84 µm in median length by 72 – 75 µm wide at narrowest width between coxae II, with 3 pairs of setae, 2 pairs of poroids, and nearly straight posterior margin; shield reticulated over entire surface, with prominent endopodal projections between coxae I and II, and fully connected with more densely sclerotized endopodal strips between coxae II and III. Third pair of sternal poroids with sternal setae st 4 on small metasternal plates. Sternal setae similar in form, st 1 (29 – 30 µm) slightly longer and st 3 slightly shorter (24 – 25 µm) than st 2 and st 4 (26 – 27 µm). Pair of thin endopodal strips alongside coxae III – IV connecting anteriorly with those of sternal shield projecting between coxae II – III. Genital shield reticulated over nearly entire surface, well widened behind level of insertions of genital setae such that greatest width (75 – 80 µm) at level of slightly convex posterior margin whose corners may touch openings of paragenital gland pores; hyaline anterior margin of shield broadly rounded, overlapping posterior margin of sternal shield. Post-genital furrow without evident platelets. Metapodal plates divided into smaller inner pair (length 5 – 7 µm) and larger outer pair (15 – 18 µm). Ventri-anal shield cup-shaped, leaving only narrow transverse strip of soft cuticle bearing setae JV 1 and ZV 1 between it and genital shield, its greatest width (81 – 85 µm) at nearly straight anterior margin ca. 0.9 as long as its length (90 µm); shield transversely striated anteriorly, reticulated posteriorly, with enlarged anal opening (length ca. 30 µm); shield with one (JV 2) or sometimes asymmetrically 2 (JV 4) pairs of opisthogastric setae plus 3 circum-anal setae, all simple, JV 2 slightly the longest (26 – 27 µm); para-anal seta subequally as long as post-anal seta (21 – 23 µm). Eight or 9 pairs of opisthogastric setae on soft cuticle around ventri-anal shield include JV 1, JV 3, JV 5, ZV 1 - ZV 5 and usually JV 4, these similar in size (12 – 18 µm, except JV 1 and JV 5 slightly longer, 19 – 21 µm) and flanked laterally by marginal pair R 6 (resembling a submarginal UR - seta); setae SV 1 absent. Exopodal plate a continuous strip alongside coxae II – IV, not consolidated with peritrematal shield alongside coxae II – III, but moderately broadly connected with latter beside and behind coxa IV. Peritrematal shield and peritreme (Figs 51 – 52): Peritrematal shields fused to dorsal shield at level slightly anterior to setae s 1; peritremes extending to bases of setae z 1. Spermathecal apparatus (Fig. 53): Not clearly discernible in specimens at hand; a short unsclerotized major duct leading from solenostome between coxae III and IV to a weakly sclerotized tubular portion (length ca. 10 µm, distal width ca. 8 µm) evident in paratype. Gnathosoma (Figs 54 – 56): Anterior margin of tectum triramous, lateral tines slender, slightly serrated apically, medial tine triangular, broader basally, simply pointed apically. Fixed digit of chelicera with row of 12 – 13 teeth, the more distal ones slightly larger and more spaced than the proximal ones, with hyaline-lobed pilus dentilis, and with hyaline weakly serrated rim near base on paraxial face; movable digit 20 µm long, tridentate, with basal paraxial ridge lacking teeth in apposition to proximal teeth of fixed digit, and with single prominent ventral mucro near base. Deutosternum with 6 rows of denticles, rows 1 – 5 connected; anterior 4 rows each with 2 – 5 denticles, fifth row widened with 10 – 15 denticles, 6 th row widened with ca. 20 – 25 denticles, 7 th row vestigial, indicated by concave line without denticles; corniculi slender, nearly parallel to each other, with trifid tips; internal mala fringed laterally, ca. as long as corniculus. Anterior hypostomatic setae very thick, longer (24 – 25 µm) than slender pairs h 2 – h 3 which are similar in length (17 – 18 µm); basal palpcoxal pair much longer (25 µm). Palptarsal apotele 2 - tined. Legs (Fig. 57): Legs I (325 – 337 µm) and IV (390 µm) longer, and legs II (215 – 230 µm) and III (230 – 240 µm) clearly shorter than dorsal shield. Pretarsi of legs I – III of similar length (15 – 17 µm), that of IV longer (25 µm), with normally developed claws; tarsi II – IV with apical setal processes ad - 1, pd - 1 inconspicuous (12 – 13 µm), and with ventral and subapical setae not thickened or spinelike. Coxae of all legs lineate ventrally; anterodorsal edge of coxa I with ridge of 6 – 8 serrations. Setation of genua of legs I-II-III-IV, respectively, 13 - 11 - 9 - 9; that of tibiae, 13 - 10 - 8 - 10; leg chaetotactic formulae holotrichous for genus and tribe Melicharini as presented by Lindquist & Evans (1965); leg setae slender, smooth, of generally similar size, without evident macrosetae (but see below). Leg IV with tarsal seta md as long as length of tibia (60 µm), and slightly longer than distance from its insertion to base of pretarsus (50 µm); alveoli of setae pd - 2 and pd - 3 on elevated bases and with diameters slightly larger (3.0 – 3.5 µm) than those of other setae (2.0 – 2.5 µm) on tarsus IV, possibly indicating bases of macrosetae (shafts missing on specimens at hand). Adult male: Unknown.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC28D59FF76B0CEFC827AD0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype female, 2. x. 1998, from soil of a corn field, ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, col. J. L. de C. Mineiro, deposited at ESALQ-USP. One paratype female, same collection data as holotype, deposited at CNCI.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC28D59FF76B0CEFC827AD0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: P. paulista is at least facultatively fungivorous, as indicated by the presence of fungal fragments in the gut cavity of the holotype specimen. The apically toothed corniculi, thickened anterior hypostomatic setae and enlarged anal opening are also indicative of fungivory. Our anticipation that setae pd - 2 and pd - 3 may be macrosetae on tarsus IV in P. paulista is supported by our observations of the same setae on leg IV in P. intermedius, in which pd - 2 (ca. 40 µm) and pd - 3 (ca. 35 µm) are shorter than the tibia (length ca. 50 µm) and lack enlarged alveoli. One of us (EEL) has examined the type material of P. intermedius as well as that of two other species of Proctolaelaps originally named Neojordensia orientalis (Chant, 1963) and Neojordensia wenkochingi Samšinák, 1964. Adult females of these species are alike in all descriptive aspects, including the peculiar dentition of the movable cheliceral digit, which was not noted in the original descriptions for these forms (Figs 58, 59) (see below). The form of the ventri-anal shield among these species varies considerably among females of the same population and in any case does not differ visually between the named species as much as shown by Karg (1985, fig. 10). Among the type specimens of P. intermedius as well as the holotypes of P. orientalis and P. wenkochingi, the ventri-anal shield may carry one pair, or asymmetrically a third seta, or symmetrically two pairs of “ pre-anal ” setae, due to considerable variation in the position of seta JV 1 either on the anterior margin, or touching that margin, or clearly within the margin of the shield. As a result, these species are here placed in synonymy, with P. orientalis, new synonym and P. wenkochingi new synonym treated as junior subjective synonyms of P. intermedius. Proctolaelaps ventrianalis Karg, 1971 is also thought to be conspecific and a junior synonym of P. intermedius, but we have not studied its type material to determine the attributes of the movable digit. The peculiar nature of the dentition of the movable digit in P. intermedius and related forms was not given attention in the original or subsequent descriptions of those species. The secondarily dentate ridge on the basal paraxial surface of the movable digit in apposition to the similarly fine dentition proximally on the fixed digit (Figs 58 – 59) may be a further adaptation for fungivory. Some additional females identified as P. intermedius by Athias-Henriot apparently subsequently to her original description of that species, and deposited as reference specimens with the type material of that species, are clearly of a different, and apparently undescribed, species that is more similar to the one newly described here. Those on slides labeled W 383 and V 331 have the dorsal, sternal, genital and ventri-anal shields fully reticulated; the dorsal shield setae are collectively long, much longer than the intervals between their bases; the ventri-anal shield is widest at the anus, tapered anteriorly, and bears only pre-anal seta JV 2 on its antero-lateral corners; the corniculus is apically tricuspidate; the palpal apotele 2 - tined; the fixed cheliceral dentition begins with 2 large coarse teeth basally; and leg IV tarsal setae pd - 2 (58 µm) and pd - 3 (44 µm) are not conspicuous as macrosetae relative to the tibial length (55 µm). Karg (1979, 1985, 1988) recognized 3 subgenera of Proctolaelaps, of which Paraproctolaelaps Bregetova (1977) was defined by the female having a ventri-anal shield, and Proctofissus Karg (1979) by its adults having the corniculus divided, or multicuspidate, distally. The phylogenetic value of these distinctions is doubtful and they are not followed here, in part because the nominate subgenus is not defined apomorphically, but also because some species, including P. intermedius, P. wenkochingi and P. orientalis, have the apomorphic attributes of both of the other subgroups. Also, Proctofissus is an unavailable name, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, as no type species was designated (Halliday et al. 1998).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFC28D59FF76B0CEFC827AD0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name paulista corresponds to “ from the State of São Paulo, Brazil ”, and refers to the place where the type specimens of this species were collected.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFCE8D58FF76B4DCFAF57B28.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 142 females, 02. x. 1998, 19 females, 28. vi. 1999, from soil of a corn field; 1 female, 02. vii. 1999, from litter of a patch of secondary forest. Previous records: Germany (Karg 1962, 1993); Algeria (Athias-Henriot 1961); South Africa (Genis et al. 1967); Ireland (Evans 1982); southeastern USA (Walter & Kaplan 1990); Australia and North America (Halliday et al. 1998).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFCE8D58FF76B4DCFAF57B28.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adults weakly sclerotized, small, idiosomal length 235 – 260 µm. Anterior margin of tectum denticulate, sometimes weakly triramous. Movable digit of chelicera with two strong teeth on apical half and a row of 6 or 7 smaller closely-set teeth on proximal half, the latter apposing similar teeth proximally on fixed digit. Hypostome with 7 narrow transverse rows of deutosternal denticles, each with 6 – 10 denticles; corniculus slender, sinuous, pointed distally. Podonotal shield faintly lineate along antero-lateral margins, otherwise unornamented on most of surface except for an anteriorly-arched transverse line at bases of setae j 2, a transverse line at level of bases of setae j 4, 3 sclerotized markings in medial hexagonal area between setae j 5 and z 5, and a transverse line at level of setal bases z 6 and s 6, behind which shield desclerotized; podonotal shield with 17 pairs of simple setae of similarly moderate length except vertical and paravertical pairs j 1 and z 1 shorter, setae j 2 posterior to transverse alignment with j 1 and z 1; setae s 2 and marginals r 2 - r 5 on lateral soft cuticle. Opisthonotal shield unornamented except for a transverse line running from margin on either side to bases of setae J 1, line usually interrupted between J 1; shield with 15 pairs of setae of similarly moderate length, generally nearly as long as longitudinal intervals between their bases, except clunal pair J 5 shorter; marginal setae R 1 - R 6 and two pairs of submarginal UR setae on lateral soft cuticle. Third pair of sternal poroids on weakly defined posterior edge of sternal shield; setae st 4 on weakly sclerotized metasternal platelets. Ventri-anal shield unornamented, with pair of U- or V- shaped notches on its anterior margin usually reaching to level of setae JV 1; shield with 5 pairs of opisthogastric setae and the 3 circum-anal setae, all simple; anal opening enlarged, post-anal seta and para-anal seta similarly short in length, para-anals inserted at level of anterior margin of anus; shield flanked anteriorly by pair of opisthogastric setae ZV 1 on soft cuticle. Peritremes extending anteriorly to level of marginal setae r 4 (posterior margins of coxae II).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFCE8D58FF76B4DCFAF57B28.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The holotype of Rhodacarellus mica Athias-Henriot was examined by one of us (EEL, unpublished, 1972), with conclusion in accord with a subsequent examination by Evans (1982) that this species is conspecific with, and a senior synonym of, Protogamasellus primitivus Karg, the type-species of the genus Protogamasellus Karg, 1962. The dorsal shields and ventri-anal shield of Brazilian specimens are slightly smaller than reported by Evans (1982). This species is thelytokous and has a cosmopolitan distribution in soil, fungal and subcortical habitats (Walter & Kaplan 1990; Halliday et al. 1998).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFCE8D5DFF76B22FFEA27926.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Adult females of this species are similar to those of Protogamasellus massula (Athias-Henriot, 1961) and P. scuticalis Genis et al., 1967 in having opisthogastric setae ZV 1 inserted behind, and in longitudinal alignment with, JV 1 on soft cuticle and in having a pyriform ventri-anal shield that is longer than wide, with 3 pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV 2, JV 3 and JV 5) in addition to the circum-anal setae. They differ from the latter two in a variety of aspects, particularly the opisthonotal shield having setae J 4 relatively short (i. e., only 1.3 instead of 2.0 longer than J 5), and the simply bidentate movable digit, with the proximal tooth much larger than the subapical tooth. Adult female. Dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 60): Dorsal shields collectively 270 – 305 µm long and unornamented other than podonotal shield having an uninterrupted transverse line at level of setal bases z 6 and s 6, behind which shield desclerotized, and opisthonotal shield having an uninterrupted transverse line at level of setal bases J 1, followed by a couple of short transverse lines laterally near bases of setae Z 1 and S 1 and a median sigillar scar between bases of setae J 1 and J 2. Podonotal shield 130 – 148 µm long, 98 – 102 µm wide at level of setae j 5, with 17 pairs of setae, opisthonotal shield 138 – 152 µm long, 65 – 68 µm wide at level of setae J 2, (ca. 2.1 – 2.2 times as long as wide) with 15 pairs of setae; 12 pairs of setae on lateral soft cuticle, including s 2 and r 2 - r 5 anteriorly (r 6 absent) and R 1 - R 6 and one submarginal UR seta posteriorly. Podonotal shield with vertical setae j 1 prominent, stouter and longer (25 – 27 µm) than other setae (11 – 16 µm) which shorter than successive distances between their bases; on opisthonotal shield J 3 (12 – 14 µm) ca. 0.3 – 0.4 times as long as alveolar interval J 3 - J 4, J 5 (9 – 10 µm) shorter than other members of J - series (12 – 16 µm), Z 1 - Z 4 similar in length (15 – 18 µm) and 0.6 – 0.7 as long as alveolar interval to next seta in series, Z 5 conspicuously longer (28 – 30 µm); S 1 - S 4 similar in length (11 – 12 µm) and 0.4 – 0.5 as long as interval to next seta in series, S 5 slightly longer (14 µm); all setae smooth except J 4, Z 5 and S 5 sparsely barbed. Setae j 2 transversely aligned with j 1 and z 1. Setae on lateral soft cuticle short (10 – 13 µm, except r 3 15 µm), simple.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFCE8D5DFF76B22FFEA27926.taxon	description	Ve n t ra l idiosoma (Fig. 61): Tritosternum normal in shape, with trapezoidal base and slender, pilose laciniae fused along basal one-fifth of their length (60 – 70 µm). Pre-sternal area weakly sclerotized, microtuberculate, without platelets. Sternal shield ca. 75 µm in median length by 45 µm wide at narrowest width between coxae II, with 3 pairs of setae and 3 pairs of poroids; shield with anterior margin deeply emarginated medially, faintly lineated along lateral margins, smooth over rest of surface, and with posterior margin gently concave. Setae st 4 inserted on soft cuticle closely behind postero-lateral corners of sternal shield, st 4 and genital setae st 5 (10 – 12 µm) slightly shorter than sternal setae st 1 - st 3 (14 – 16 µm). Endopodal plates formed as weak strips alongside coxae III – IV, not discernible in some specimens. Genital shield smooth, not widened at level of insertions of genital setae, with posterior margin truncate, and hyaline anterior margin broadly rounded, reaching posterior margin of sternal shield. Post-genital groove without discernible sigillar platelets. Metapodal plates hardly discernible as short, narrow strips (length 10 µm) laterad JV 1. Ventri-anal shield pyriform, ca. 1.2 as long (87 – 97 µm) as wide (65 – 75 µm), with anterior margin arched; with 2 or 3 transverse lines arched anteriorly between bases of setae JV 2 and para-anals (lines sometimes interrupted medially), and sparsely punctate on post-anal region; shield with 3 pairs of ventral setae (JV 2, JV 3, JV 5) plus 3 circum-anal setae; post-anal seta and JV 5 sparsely barbed and considerably longer (33 – 36 µm and 21 – 23 µm, respectively) than smooth para-anals (14 – 16 µm) and JV 2 - JV 3 (11 – 14 µm); para-anals inserted at level of anterior margin of anus. Three pairs of ventral setae (JV 1, ZV 1, JV 4) on soft cuticle anterior and lateral to ventri-anal shield; ZV 1 nearly aligned vertically behind JV 1 in front of anterior margin of shield. Exopodal plate strips reduced to triangular fragments between coxae II and III, and between coxae III and IV, not discernible in some specimens. Peritrematal shield and peritreme (Fig. 60 – 61): Peritrematal shield interrupted between levels of setal alveoli r 3 and s 2, with separate triangular anterior piece abutting but not fused to dorsal shield at level of paravertical poroids and setae z 1; peritrematal shield narrow posteriorly, not fused to exopodal fragments alongside coxae II – IV; peritremes extending to bases of setae r 3. Spermathecal apparatus: Unsclerotized, not discernible in specimens at hand. Gnathosoma (Figs 62 – 64): Anterior margin of tectum denticulate, irregularly triangular. Fixed digit of chelicera with pilus dentilis, with large offset subapical tooth and row of 11 – 13 evenly sized and spaced teeth; movable digit 35 µm long, with 2 well separated, slightly retrorse teeth, the proximal larger than subapical one. Deutosternum with 7 narrow, connected rows of denticles, anteriormost 2 or 3 rows with single median denticle, other rows with 2 – 4 denticles; corniculus stout, reaching to mid-level of palpfemur; internal mala slender, with lateral margin slightly fimbriate, hardly widened basally, extending to tips of corniculus. Hypostomatic setae h 1 (20 µm) similar in slender form to, but longer than, h 2 (15 µm). Palptrochanter with apical seta slightly stout, rigid, inserted on low prominence. Legs (Figs 61, 65 – 67): Leg I (268 – 275 µm) nearly as long as combined length of the 2 dorsal shields; legs II (163 – 168 µm), III (132 – 140 µm) and IV (200 – 212 µm) considerably shorter, with III notably smaller than II. Coxa I with cluster of 2 – 4 small spine-like processes on dorsal distal margin, and sparsely lineate ventrally; coxa II with 2 lines posteroventrally; coxae III – IV unornamented (processes and lines of coxae I and II not shown in Fig. 61). Legs I – IV with normally developed pretarsi (length ca. 5 µm on I, 8 – 11 µm on II – IV) and claws. Tarsi II – IV with apical setal processes ad - 1, pd - 1 inconspicuous, thin (length ca. 10 µm). Leg IV with tarsus (47 – 50 µm) ca. 2.3 as long as tibia (35 – 38 µm); tarsus IV with seta ad - 2 (also denoted as md) (22 µm) and ad - 3 (27 – 30 µm) erect and longer than other setae on same segment (Fig. 67). Setation of femora of legs I-II-III-IV, respectively, 12 - 11 - 6 - 6; that of genua, 13 - 11 - 8 - 8 (pv - 1 absent on genu III, pl - 1 absent on genu IV); that of tibiae, 13 - 10 - 8 - 9 (pl - 2 absent on tibia IV); leg setae smooth, mostly slender, except ad - 3 on femur I, ad - 2, ad - 3 on femur II, and ad - 2, pd - 1, pl - 1 of femur IV short, spine-like, and av - 2, to lesser extent other ventral setae on tarsus II (Fig. 65) and av - 2, pv - 2, mv on tarsus IV thickened, spinelike (Fig. 67). Adult male: Unknown.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFCE8D5DFF76B22FFEA27926.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype female collected, 2. x. 1998, from soil of a corn field, ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, col. J. L. de C. Mineiro, deposited at ESALQ-USP. Three paratype females including two with same data as holotype and one with same data except that collected on 21. xii. 1998, two deposited at ESALQ / USP and one deposited at CNCI.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFCE8D5DFF76B22FFEA27926.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Our description of this species as distinct from P. massula is based in part on notes taken by one of us (EEL, unpublished, 1972) during a study of Athias-Henriot’s type material as well as on the subsequent redescription of that species by Evans (1982). The setal deficiencies noted for genua III – IV and tibia IV in the above description are typical for the leg chaetotaxy of the genus Protogamasellus as indicated by Lindquist & Evans (1965) and further noted by Evans (1982).	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
039687DDFFCE8D5DFF76B22FFEA27926.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The name sigillophorus refers to the presence of median sigillar scar between the bases of setae J 1 and J 2.	en	De, Jeferson L., Lindquist, Evert E., De, Gilberto J. (2009): Edaphic ascid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with description of five new species. Zootaxa 2024: 1-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186138
