identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039787BDFFEAC73F59EDFD0A0F029379.text	039787BDFFEAC73F59EDFD0A0F029379.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plotophysops Curry 1982	<div><p>Plotophysops Curry, 1982)</p> <p>Type species. “ Limacina elongatoides ” [sic] (Aldrich), by original designation of Korobkov (1966, p. 74) = Physa elongatoidea Aldrich, 1887 = Altaspiratella elongatoidea (Aldrich, 1887) (Eocene, early Ypresian, Wilcox Group, Hatchetigbee Formation, Bashi Member; Zone NP 10).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFEAC73F59EDFD0A0F029379	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFEAC73859A8FCFD09289302.text	039787BDFFEAC73859A8FCFD09289302.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Altaspiratella bearnensis (Curry 1982)	<div><p>Altaspiratella bearnensis (Curry, 1982)</p> <p>Figure 2.1-2</p> <p>* v 1982 Plotophysops bearnensis Curry, p. 40, pl. 1, figure 9a-c.</p> <p>v. (1986) Spiratella tutelina Curr. – Merle, p. 43 (non Curry).</p> <p>v. 1990 b Altaspiratella bearnensis (Curry 1981) – Janssen, p. 68.</p> <p>? 1992 Altaspiratella bearnensis (Curry) – Hodgkinson et al., p. 13, pl. 1, figures 1-2.</p> <p>. (1996) Altaspiratella bearnensis (Curry, 1981) – Kunz, p. 164, pl. 30, figures 1-3.</p> <p>v. 2010 Altaspiratella bearnensis (Curry, 1982) – Cahuzac and Janssen, p. 24, pl. 2, figures 1-4, pl. 3, figure 1.</p> <p>v. 2013 Altaspiratella bearnensis – King et al., p. 192, 193.</p> <p>Material examined. TDP 12.28.1, 66-76 cm, depth 90.91-91.01 m below surface, composite depth 148.91-149.01 m; RGM 777374 (1 specimen, Figure 2.1-2, H = 1.36, W = 0.80 mm).</p> <p>Description. Only available specimen with high conical shell, 1.7 times higher than wide, and apical angle of c. 40°. Four and a half slightly convex and comparatively high whorls, regularly increasing in diameter and separated by incised, oblique suture. Whorls attach below periphery of preceding whorl. Specimen incomplete, last whorl missing, in shell preservation, but filled with pyrite.</p> <p>Discussion. Two closely resembling Altaspiratella species are currently known. Altaspiratella elongatoidea (Aldrich, 1887) occurred during the earliest Eocene (Ypresian, nannoplankton Zones NP 9 and 10) of the USA (Hodgkinson et al., 1992; Janssen et al., 2016); A. bearnensis (Curry, 1982), introduced from the Ypresian (zone NP 12/13) of SW France, is also known from the USA (with some doubt) in rocks of middle Eocene, Lutetian age (Zone NP 15). These two species differ only very slightly in the proportions of their early whorls. Of A. elongatoidea no specimens preserving apertural structures are known, so there might be differences in that respect as well.</p> <p>In the single available specimen from Tanzania apertural structures are missing, and its apical whorls take a position in between the two known species mentioned above. This could be an indication that these two taxa represent a single, longranging species. However, as long as apertural structures cannot be compared it seems better to keep them apart and the one available Tanzanian specimen is here considered, for the time being, to be the youngest representative of the A. elongatoidea - A. bearnensis lineage. The specimen extends the vertical range to the Priabonian (Zones P 16-17, NP 19-20; Nicholas et al., 2006, figure 16).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFEAC73859A8FCFD09289302	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFEDC73859BEFCBB09E893C9.text	039787BDFFEDC73859BEFCBB09E893C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heliconoides d'Orbigny 1835	<div><p>Genus HELICONOIDES d’Orbigny, 1835</p> <p>Type species. Atlanta inflata d’Orbigny, 1834, by subsequent designation of Herrmannsen (1846, p. 514) = Heliconoides inflatus (d’Orbigny, 1834) (Recent).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFEDC73859BEFCBB09E893C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFEDC73A59F8FC6D0ED892C2.text	039787BDFFEDC73A59F8FC6D0ED892C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heliconoides nikkieae Cotton & Janssen & Pearson & Driel 2017	<div><p>Heliconoides nikkieae sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 3.1-5, 4</p> <p>zoobank.org/ ACDEDDCE-7069-4BBB-B984-EB04C789D9DE</p> <p>Type material. Holotype RGM 777415 a (Figure 3.1); paratypes 1-2, RGM 777415 b-c (Figure 3.3, 3.5) from the type locality. Kilwa Group, Pande Formation (upper Eocene, Priabonian), Zones P 18 and NP 21; paratype 3, RGM 777 381 (Figures 3, 4), from TDP 17.21.1, 9-20 cm, Kilwa Group, Pande Formation (early Oligocene, Rupelian), biozones P18 and NP 21.</p> <p>Additional specimens. TDP 11 (2 specimens), 12 (1 specimen) and 17 (49 specimens, some of which with a query because of poor preservation) (Tables 1-3).</p> <p>Type locality. Stakishari (Tanzania, Kilwa region), cored borehole TDP 17, sample 17.36.1, 10-25 cm, 104.00- 104.10 m below surface, composite depth 116.00- 116.10 m.</p> <p>Etymology. Named after Nikkie Elert, the author’s second granddaughter. At age six she is, in many respects, more up-grown than many grown-ups. Heliconoides gender masculine (ICZN 1992, art. 30.1.4.4).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Very small limacinid of 2.5 whorls in low-conical spiral, about as high as wide, with large aperture, apertural margin externally thickened and internally doubled in some specimens (Figure 3.2), basal margin with denticle. Apertural margin preceded by about 10 fine, margin parallel riblets.</p> <p>Description. Strikingly small limacinid of 2.5 whorls, height/width-ratio variable between c. 1.19 (holotype H = 0.62, W = 0.52 mm, Figure 3.1) and 0.89 (e.g., H = 0.50, W = 0.56 mm, Figure 3.2), with depressed, low conical spire and distinct, incised suture. Shell surface smooth and shiny, growth lines invisible. Last whorl large, occupying almost entire shell height. Aperture relatively large, slightly higher than wide to almost circular, occupying 4/5th of entire shell height. Apertural margin externally thickened by narrow ridge, running all around margin, flexuous at base of shell, reaching umbilicus, internally (Figure 3.2) in some specimens. Protruding denticle on basal part of margin (Figure 3.3-4). Marginal thickening preceded by about 10 fine, margin parallel orthocline riblets. Shell base regularly rounded, umbilicus very narrow, c. 1/20th of shell diameter.</p> <p>Discussion. In general shape the new species resembles somewhat the holotype of Limacina wechesensis Hodgkinson (1992, p. 21, pl. 5, figures 4-6) from the Lutetian of Texas, USA, but that species has one whorl more and reaches double the size of H. nikkieae, does not have the apertural structures of that species and its umbilicus is considerably wider.</p> <p>Size and apertural structures of the new species form a unique combination and cannot be compared to any limacinid currently known. The holotype was chosen from the sample with most specimens (13) of Priabonian age, but the species continues, in low numbers, well into the Rupelian part of the TDP 17 section.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFEDC73A59F8FC6D0ED892C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFEFC73A59FEFD7B0FD09349.text	039787BDFFEFC73A59FEFD7B0FD09349.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limacina Bosc 1817	<div><p>Genus LIMACINA Bosc, 1817</p> <p>Type species. Clio helicina Phipps, 1774 by monotypy = Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774) (Recent).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFEFC73A59FEFD7B0FD09349	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFEFC73B598EFCED0F28976A.text	039787BDFFEFC73B598EFCED0F28976A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limacina robusta (Eames 1952)	<div><p>Limacina robusta (Eames, 1952)</p> <p>Figures 5, 6</p> <p>*1952 Aplexa robusta Eames, p. 152, pl. 6, figure 149.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype (Figure 6) in the Natural History Museum, London, NHMUK BM 68457, presented by the Burma Oil Co. Ltd., March 1950; Eames (1952) furthermore recorded 19 paratypes from the type locality.</p> <p>Type locality. Rahki Nala (Pakistan, western Punjab), 255’ above base, local zone 9. Lower Chocolate Clays; according to Afzal et al. (2009, p. 20) nowadays indicated as Kirthar Formation of late Lutetian - Priabonian age.</p> <p>Material examined. TDP 11 (1 specimen), TDP 12 (1 specimen), TDP 17 (16 specimens, all from the Priabonian), see Tables 1-3 for specification.</p> <p>Description. Most available specimens are juveniles and most in pyritic internal mould preservation. Largest and best preserved specimen (Figure 5) higher than wide (H = 0.94, W = 0.72 mm) with four convex whorls rapidly increasing in diameter. Aperture large, oval, occupying more than half shell height. Base of shell regularly rounded with narrow umbilicus.</p> <p>Discussion. Most of the available specimens are poorly preserved and juvenile, but the illustrated Tanzanian specimen (Figure 5) has a shell height of 0.94 mm, whereas the holotype of Limacina robusta has a shell height of 0.75 mm. Some of the smaller specimens have a somewhat wider apical angle than the illustrated specimen. In spite of these small differences the Tanzanian specimens are thought to represent the same species as the Pakistanian L. robusta, which has a comparable age and was described from a pre-eastern-Paratethys locality under influence of the Indian Ocean. Initially the Tanzanian specimens were thought to represent Limacina conica (von Koenen, 1892, p. 994, pl. 62, figures 5-6), a species described from the “early Oligocene” of two localities (Atzendorf, Unseburg) in the eastern part of Germany. However, specimens from Atzendorf (NP 21 interval), made available by Arnold Müller (Leipzig, Germany) differ in shape and reach far larger dimensions. Their apical angle is smaller, the whorls are more convex and the aperture remains smaller than half shell height.</p> <p>Several species described by Hodgkinson et al. (1992), from the Paleogene of the United States also resemble the Tanzanian shells. Especially similar is Limacina smithvillensis Hodgkinson (in Hodgkinson et al., 1992, p. 19, pl. 3, figure 16) from the Lutetian of Texas. However, that species reaches a shell height of 1.5 mm, has less convex whorls, a wider apical angle, and its aperture occupies just half the shell height. Finally, that species is considerably older (Lutetian, NP 15) than the Priabonian (NP 21) specimens from Tanzania. At first glance also L. stenzeli Garvie (in Hodgkinson et al., 1992, p. 19, pl. 4, figure 1) from the NP13-14 interval (Ypresian) of Texas is similar. However, that species should be included in the genus Heliconoides, because of its reinforced apertural margin.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFEFC73B598EFCED0F28976A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFE0C7355B0AFB830E4595F2.text	039787BDFFE0C7355B0AFB830E4595F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limacina tanzaniaensis Cotton & Janssen & Pearson & Driel 2017	<div><p>Limacina tanzaniaensis sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 7.1-4, 8</p> <p>zoobank.org/ 8C1AB54C-4643-4D30-9455-97C37B793992</p> <p>Type material. Holotype (Figure 7.1) RGM 777428 b; paratype 1 (Figure 7.2), RGM 777438; paratypes 2 and 3 (Figure 7.3-4) RGM 777416 b-c. Kilwa Group, Pande Formation (Eocene, Priabonian, biozones P 18 and NP 21).</p> <p>Additional specimens. Fourteen specimens from TDP 17 (Table 3), all from the Priabonian part of the section. Most specimens poorly preserved as pyritic internal moulds.</p> <p>Type locality. Stakishari (Tanzania, Kilwa region), cored borehole TDP 17, sample 38.2, 22-29 cm, 111.12-111.19 m below surface = 123.12-123.19 m composite depth.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Spherical limacinid of almost four whorls, apex flattened. Last whorl inflated, 95% of total shell height, aperture c. 75% of total shell height, margin simple, base of shell umbilicate.</p> <p>Description. Limacinid of spherical shape, measurements of holotype H = 0.92, W = 1.00 mm, consisting of 3.75 moderately convex whorls with convex tangent. First two whorls flattened, last whorl very large, inflated, occupying 95% of total shell height. Aperture large, about 75% of total shell height, attaching on (holotype, Figure 7.1) or slightly below (paratype 1, Figure 7.2) periphery of penultimate whorl. Apertural margin simple, semicircular, inner margin and columella invisible as all specimens are in pyritic internal mould preservation. Base of shell regularly rounded, umbilicus present, 20-25% of shell diameter.</p> <p>Discussion. The available specimens demonstrate variability in height of the apex, in some the initial flattening continues to the third whorl, resulting in an only slightly raised apical shell part. There is some resemblance to the Ypresian species Limacina heatherae Hodgkinson in Hodgkinson et al. (1992, p. 17, pl. 2, figures 15-18). In that species, however, the whorls attach higher on the foregoing whorl, the aperture is narrower and its umbilicus smaller.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFE0C7355B0AFB830E4595F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFE0C73059CFF98A0BCA9222.text	039787BDFFE0C73059CFF98A0BCA9222.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limacina timi Cotton & Janssen & Pearson & Driel 2017	<div><p>Limacina timi sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 9.1-4, 10</p> <p>zoobank.org/ E5DC43EC-4F67-4173-890D-0145DEBEC0B6</p> <p>Type material. Holotype (Figure 9.1), RGM 1007748 b; paratype 1 (Figure 9.2), RGM777408 a, from TDP 17.34.1, 0-7 cm, 98.90-98.97 m below surface and composite depth; paratype 2 (Figure 9.3), RGM 777408 b, TDP 17.34.1, 0-7 cm; paratype 3 (Figure 9.4), RGM 777414m TDP 17.36.1, 0-5 cm. Kilwa Group, Pande Formation (Eocene, Priabonian); planktic foraminefera zone P 16-17, calcareous nannoplankton zone NP 19-20.</p> <p>Additional specimens. Boreholes TDP 11, 12 and 17: 15 specimens (see Tables 1 and 3).</p> <p>Type locality. South of Stakishari, Tanzania, Kilwa Region, cored borehole TDP 12, coordinates UTM 37L 560222-8981309, sample TDP 12, sample 27.1, 35-45 cm = 89.60-89.70 m below surface = 147.60-147.70 m composite depth.</p> <p>Etymology. Named after Tim Janssen, the author’s six year old second grandson. For him life is nonstop fun. Keep it that way, my friend!</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small limacinid of 3.75 whorls, slightly higher than wide. Whorls rounded angular in juveniles, more regularly rounded in adults. Aperture lunate, somewhat higher than half shell height. Base imperforate.</p> <p>Description. Holotype (H = 1.04, W = 1.00 mm) a small, regularly coiled, conical limacinid of 3.75 slightly convex whorls, separated by incised suture. Last whorl occupying 80% of shell height, slightly angular at periphery. Shell surface smooth, growth lines invisible. Aperture large, lunate, 65% of shell height, no apertural reinforcements present. Columellar side of aperture smooth, slightly concave internally, straight externally. Base of shell regularly convex, umbilicus absent in holotype, extremely small or absent in juveniles. Angularity of whorls more clearly developed in juvenile specimens, resembling a rounded keel, but covered by following whorls attaching at the place of angularity, almost disappeared in adults. Juvenile specimens wider than high, in some of these the keel is rather strong and the apical angle wider (RGM 777425).</p> <p>Discussion. The angularity of especially juvenile specimens is not very clearly visible in the SEM images given here in Figure 9.3-4, but under light microscope, with illumination from left above it cannot be overlooked.</p> <p>Limacina timi resembles somewhat the Ypresian species L. gormani (Curry, 1982) described from the Marnes de Gan Formation, of Gan, SW France (Curry, 1982; Cahuzac and Janssen, 2010). The same species or a closely related form was also described from the Stone City and Cook Mountain formations (Lutetian/Bartonian) of Texas, USA (Hodgkinson et al., 1992, p. 19, pl. 3, figures 14-15) as Limacina pygmaea (non Lamarck, 1805), in which also the juvenile whorls are angular and the base imperforate. The adult shell, however, reaches one and a half times the size of L. timi, has a different, more spherical shape and a distinctly wider apical angle. Subsutural crests (Cahuzac and Janssen, 2010, pl. 11, figure 2) as seen in L. gormani are not present in L. timi.</p> <p>Adult specimens of Limacina timi also resemble Heliconoides nemoris (Curry, 1965), described from the Bartonian of the UK and also recorded from the Priabonian of Biarritz, SW France by Curry (1982) and Cahuzac and Janssen (2010). That species belongs to the genus Heliconoides because of its apertural reinforcements that are apparently absent in L. timi, but also its apex is flattened and juvenile specimens have no angular periphery. Limacina timi straddles the Eocene/Oligocene boundary.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFE0C73059CFF98A0BCA9222	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFE5C7305BACFDDA0B549669.text	039787BDFFE5C7305BACFDDA0B549669.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limacina undefined-1	<div><p>Limacina sp. 1</p> <p>Figure 11.1-2</p> <p>Material examined. Five specimens, all from the same sample TDP 17.37.1, 0-13 cm; 106.90- 107.03 m below surface, 118.90-119.03 composite depth; RGM 777440 a-c (Table 3).</p> <p>Description. Low conical limacinid of 3.75 moderately convex whorls attaching on periphery of foregoing whorls. Aperture semicircular, slightly more than half shell height, Base regularly rounded, umbilicus c. 1/6th of shell diameter.</p> <p>Discussion. Three of the available specimens are juveniles in poor preservation. In specimen RGM 777440b (Figure 11.2) the first whorl is missing. The two more adult specimens show a striking resemblance with a limacinid illustrated by Lokno and Kumar (2008, figure 3-2) from the Upper Disang Formation (Bartonian - Priabonian) of the Phek District, south-central Nagaland (Assam - Arakan Basin), northeastern India, indicated by these authors as “ Limacinidae type A.” As these specimens were recorded from Indian Ocean Basin rocks of more or less similar age they could very well represent the same species as the Tanzanian ones. However, the material is insufficient for a reliable identification. Lokno and Kumar compared their specimens with “ Limacina pygmaea, ” as illustrated by Hodgkinson et al. (1992, pl. 3, figures 14-15), correctly stating that that name “most certainly is incorrect,” as Hodgkinson et al.’s species seems to be closely related to L. gormani (Curry, 1982) (see above) and not to Limacina pygmaea.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFE5C7305BACFDDA0B549669	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFE5C7325BACF90D0BF39122.text	039787BDFFE5C7325BACF90D0BF39122.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limacina undefined-2	<div><p>Limacina sp. 2</p> <p>Figure 12.1-4</p> <p>Material examined. One specimen from TDP 12 (Table 2); 4 poorly preserved and presumably juvenile specimens in pyritic internal mould preservation, from TDP 17 (Table 3).</p> <p>Description. Limacinid of very low conical shape with almost flat, slightly raised, or slightly concave apical plane. Width of illustrated specimen 1.20 mm, height 0.86 mm. Whorls 3.75, regularly increasing in diameter. Aperture semicircular, occupying c. 80% or more of total shell height, reaching to far beyond base of preceding whorl. Apertural structures absent or not preserved. The apparently present groove along the apertural margin, as vsible in Figure 13.2-3, is considered to be caused by damage of the mould. Base perforated by umbilicus of 1/5th to 1/7th of shell diameter.</p> <p>Discussion. Several limacinids with an almost planorboid shell shape are known from the Eocene-Oligocene interval in Europe, Asia and the USA. Some of these are characterised by having a slightly concave apical plane, or, in other cases, by an irregular development of early whorls. In the present specimens, however, the whorls are in a regular spiral and the apical plane is a bit raised, with the first 1.5 whorls flattened (Figure 12.3).</p> <p>Very similar is a species from the early Oligocene of Japan, described as Limacina karasawai Ando (2011, p. 248, figures 3.1-2. This species was said to have three quarters of a whorl more than the Tanzanian specimen illustrated here, but we fail to see that from Ando’s photographs. Also closely similar is Limacina canadaensis Hodgkinson (in Hodgkinson et al., 1992, p. 16, pl. 2, figures 4-6), but its last whorl seems to be relatively lower. This species was collected from downhole contaminated cutting samples and could be anything between early Eocene and early Oligocene. An occurrence of similar age (earliest Oligocene) was described from the North Sea Basin and is also known from contemporaneous rocks (base of Viborg Formation) in Jylland, Denmark, as Limacina mariae Janssen (1989, p. 111, pl. 4, figures 2-5), but that species always has a concave apical spiral, has a somewhat wider umbilicus and reaches to over 2 mm shell width. Finally, as yet unpublished similar material is available from the Eocene - Oligocene interval in the NE United States and from the eastern part of Germany.</p> <p>A reliable interpretation of all these forms depends on a larger material for comparisons and therefore the present specimens, apart from the illustrated specimen in poor condition, are left in open nomenclature.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFE5C7325BACF90D0BF39122	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFE7C7325B19FD2D0EDE90C2.text	039787BDFFE7C7325B19FD2D0EDE90C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bovicornu Meyer 1886	<div><p>Genus BOVICORNU Meyer, 1886</p> <p>Type species. Bovicornu eocenense Meyer, 1886, by monotypy (early Oligocene, USA).</p> <p>Discussion. Shortly after its introduction by Meyer (1886) the validity of the genus Bovicornu was denied by Dall (1892, p. 302), who considered both species introduced in that genus by Meyer (1886, 1887) to belong to the caecid (benthic) genus Meioceras Carpenter, 1858. Dall’s point of view was followed, with doubts, by Cossmann (1912, p. 154-155), but rejected by later authors (Collins, 1934, p. 212; van Winkle Palmer, 1947, p. 464; Hodgkinson et al., 1992, p. 24). Indeed, in Meioceras the shell wall is considerably thicker and its protoconch is utterly different, whereas in Bovicornu the shell is thin-walled and the larval parts agree with species of the pteropod genus Creseis. Zilch (1959, p. 49) followed Collins and included Bovicornu with a query in the cavoliniid pteropods, considering it a possible synonym of Euchilotheca Fischer, 1882, which is also a creseid genus, but its type species, E. succincta (Defrance, 1828), shows only very faint traces of spiralisation. We agree with Hodgkinson et al. (1992) that Bovicornu should be considered an independent genus in Creseidae.</p> <p>Bovicornu species demonstrate a certain resemblance with Hameconia edmundi Janssen, 2008, described from the late Oligocene (Chattian) of SW France. In that species the bilaterally symmetrical shell has a curvature of c. 180°, but it is curved in one plain, not in a spatial spiral. The curvature is dorso-ventral, as is clear by the presence of lateral carinae. Its larval stage differs from Bovicornu in having separate protoconchs 1 and 2. Janssen and Maxwell (in Janssen, 1995, p. 164), Janssen (2008, p. 160) and Cahuzac and Janssen (2010, p. 111) included the genus Hameconia in the Sphaerocinidae family.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFE7C7325B19FD2D0EDE90C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFE7C7325BBEFEDA08A09229.text	039787BDFFE7C7325BBEFEDA08A09229.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limacinidae Gray 1847	<div><p>Limacinidae indet.</p> <p>Material examined. One specimen from TDP 12.24.3, 0-10 cm; 10 specimens from TDP 17 (see Table 3).</p> <p>Description. These specimens are in internal pyritic mould preservation, more or less strongly deteriorated and cannot be identified any further.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFE7C7325BBEFEDA08A09229	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
039787BDFFE7C73359ABFF7A08A99511.text	039787BDFFE7C73359ABFF7A08A99511.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bovicornu eocenense O. Meyer 1886	<div><p>Bovicornu aff. eocenense Meyer, 1886</p> <p>Figures 13.1-2</p> <p>cf 1886 Bovicornu eocenense Meyer, p. 79, pl. 3,</p> <p>figure 12 (not figure 2). cf 1892 Meioceras eocenense (Meyer) – Dall, p.</p> <p>302. cf 1912 Bovicornu eocaenense [sic] Meyer – Cossmann, p. 155. cf 1934 Bovicornu eocenense Meyer – Collins, p.</p> <p>212, pl.9, figure 3, pl. 13, figure 5. cf 1959 Bovicornu eocenense O. Meyer – Zilch, p.</p> <p>49, figure 164. cf 1992 Bovicornu eocenense Meyer – Hodgkinson et al., p. 24, pl. 7, figures 9-10 (with additional synonymy). Type material. Holotype (H = 2,8, W = 0, 7 mm) United States Natural Museum (Smithsonian Institution) nr. 644596. Type locality. Red Bluff, USGS locality 5264, Mississippi, USA (Red Bluff Clay; Oligocene, Rupelian, NP 21). Material examined. Only fragments were found, 2 from TDP 11, 9 from TDP 12, and 11 from TDP 17 (see Tables 1-3 for details). Description. Spatially spiralised tube with free volutions. Transverse section of tube circular, no surface ornamentation or growth lines visible. Only smaller fragments are available among which no complete aperture or protoconch. Diameter of tube doubles in about half a volution. Discussion. Two species of the genus Bovicornu are currently known and both are exclusively recorded from the USA. The older one of these, B. gracile Meyer, 1887 (p. 9, pl. 2, figure 17), of the Moodys Branch Formation, Texas, has an age of Bartonian (NP 17). The other species, B. eocenense Meyer, 1886 (p. 79, pl. 3, figure 12), from the Red Bluff Formation of Mississippi, USA occurred during the Priabonian and early Rupelian (NP19- 21) (Hodgkinson et al., 1992, figure 3). In both species the shell is creseid, but instead of being straight or slightly curved, as in Creseis species, the tube demonstrates clear twisting in a wide spatial spiral that was said to be stronger in B. gracile. Hodgkinson et al. (1992), however, collected numerous specimens at both type localities and noted that in many specimens of both species the twisting is stronger and that the species cannot be distinguished on the degree of twisting. There is, however, a clear difference in protoconch morphology: an inflated bulb in B. eocenense and a more cylindrical shape in B. gracile. The holotypes of both species were re-illustrated in Hodgkinson et al. (1992, pl. 7, figures 9-10 and 11-12), reproduced herein as Figure 14.1-4.</p> <p>Although the few larger fragments from Tanzania seem to indicate a considerably stronger spirally twisted shell than in either of the holotypes it is preferred to indicate the Tanzanian species as related to the younger of the two American species and is indicated here as Bovicornu aff. eocenense. Once specimens preserving their protoconch become available this position might be revised.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787BDFFE7C73359ABFF7A08A99511	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cotton, Laura J.;Janssen, Arie W.;Pearson, Paul N.;Driel, Rens van	Cotton, Laura J., Janssen, Arie W., Pearson, Paul N., Driel, Rens van (2017): Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Eocene / Oligocene boundary interval of three cored boreholes in southern coastal Tanzania and their response to the global cooling event. Palaeontologia Electronica 20 (3): 1-21, DOI: 10.26879/733, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/733
