identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0397C909FFE5301EFC30D988FF5B2DBF.text	0397C909FFE5301EFC30D988FF5B2DBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turbanella Schultze 1853	<div><p>Genus Turbanella Schultze, 1853 Turbanella cuspidata sp. nov. (Figs 5, 6)</p> <p>U07; sensory cilia (L 13 µm) in lateral and dorsal columns on trunk; ventral locomotory cilia (L 13 µm) running posteriorly from circum-cephalic ring in two longitudinal bands along lateral body margins, remaining separate throughout, but with post-anal ciliary patch.</p> <p>Digestive tract. Mouth terminal, of medium width (18 µm); buccal cavity cup-shaped, shallow; walls lightly cuticular; pharynx medium throughout, with basal pharyngeal pores at U28–32; intestine divided into broad, anterior, granular region with refractive granules at anterior and posterior ends, and narrower, posterior, non-granular region; anus at U91.</p> <p>Reproductive tract. Hermaphroditic, probably protogynous; testes not seen; oocytes lying along anterior part of intestine (U50–70), developing from posterior to anterior, largest (67×44 µm) anteriorly (Figs 2A, 3C); seminal receptacle present behind oocytes (Figs 2A, 3C).</p> <p>Remarks. Among the specimens examined, only one had multiple eggs, thus indicating the direction of oocyte development, from posterior to anterior. This orientation,</p> <p>Material examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.45984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.288883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.45984/lat 42.288883)">Twelve</a> adults. Holotype, ICHUM 4980, mounted on glass slide, Higashi-Shizunai, Hokkaido, Japan (42°17.333′N, 142°27.590′E), medium-grained sand, surface layer at water’s edge, 19 May 2012. Six paratypes, same collection data as for holotype: ICHUM 4981, mount- ed on glass slide; ICHUM 4991–4995, on SEM stubs. Four additional specimens destroyed after observation.</p> <p>Etymology. The new specific name is an adjective from the Latin cuspidatus (made pointed), indicating the pair of small, ventrolateral, projective organs.</p> <p>Description. Habitus. Adult Lt 570–670 µm (640 µm in holotype); L of anterior end to PhJIn (at U32–27) 160– 180 µm (177 µm in holotype). Body medium in length; head sculpted, with lateral cones at U07 (Figs 5A, 6A, B) and small ventrolateral projective organ at U06 on each side (Figs 5B, 6A, B); neck constriction at U09; trunk widest in mid-body region, tapering gradually to caudal base; caudum slightly cleft, incised from tips to U98, bearing a medial cone (L 5–10 µm) (Figs 5B, 6D). Glands 30–40 per side, medium size (6 µm in diameter), scattered along lateral and medial columns.</p> <p>Adhesive tubes. TbA 7–8 per side (L 4–12 µm), occurring on lobe inserted at U09–11 (Figs 5B, 6A, B), most medial tube on hand always set lower than others; TbL/ TbVL 18–25 per side (L 10–16 µm, insertions difficult to distinguish), irregularly spaced and often asymmetrically arranged, with five in pharyngeal region, one at PhJIn, and others along intestine, but none behind anal opening, most bearing cilia; TbDL 8–13 per side, evenly spaced and sym- metrically arranged, with three in pharyngeal region and remainder along intestine, most bearing cilia; TbD 15–20 per side, with three in pharyngeal region and remainder along intestine, most bearing cilia; ‘cirrata’ [Seitenfüsschen] tubes occurring at U39; TbP 10–12 per side, arrayed along rear edge of each lobe, lengthening medial to lateral (L 4–13 µm).</p> <p>Ciliation. Mouth surrounded by short sensory cilia (L 6 µm), with longer cilia (L 11 µm) inserted at points of head sculpting on each side; ciliary hairs (L 11 µm) forming circum-cephalic band at U07; sensory cilia (L 7 µm) occurring on trunk in lateral and dorsal columns; each Tb on trunk bearing cilium (L 13 µm) arising from rear apex of tube support; ventral locomotory cilia (L 15 µm) running in two longitudinal bands along lateral body margins to anus, separate except beneath (i.e., ventrally in) pharyngeal region (Fig. 5B).</p> <p>Digestive tract. Mouth terminal, of medium width (18 µm); buccal cavity cup-shaped, shallow; walls lightly cuticular; pharynx of medium width throughout, with basal pharyngeal pores at U29–24; intestine narrows anterior to posterior; anus at U94.</p> <p>Reproductive tract. Hermaphroditic; paired testes extending posteriorly from U32, their vasa deferentia recurving anteriorly and exiting at U38; bilateral oocytes developing in posterior to anterior direction, largest (125×57 µm) in anterior region of intestine (Figs 5A, 6C).</p> <p>Remarks. Among approximately 30 species in the genus Turbanella, four species (T. amphiatlantica Hummon and Kelly, 2011; T. bocqueti Kaplan, 1958 sensu Boaden (1974); T. varians Maguire, 1976; and T. wieseri Hummon, 2010) share many features with T. cuspidata sp. nov., but differ from the latter in the following ways. Turbanella amphiatlantica lacks the slight neck constriction; T. bocqueti has larger body size (Lt 800–1320) (Hummon 2008); T. varians lacks lateral head cones; and T. wieseri bears nine TbD per side. In addition, the ventrolateral projective organ on each side the head is characteristic of T. cuspidata sp. nov.; the organ is a simple, cylindrical projection, about 45 µm in length and 20 µm in width, sticking out ventrally from a portion slightly anterior to the base of the lateral cone (Fig. 6A, B).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397C909FFE5301EFC30D988FF5B2DBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yamauchi, Shohei;Kajihara, Hiroshi	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE3301CFEC6DCC3FCC2298F.text	0397C909FFE3301CFEC6DCC3FCC2298F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Turbanella lobata Yamauchi & Kajihara 2018	<div><p>Turbanella lobata sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 7, 8)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype, ICHUM 4982 (adult), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=141.3573&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.257" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 141.3573/lat 43.257)">Ishikari</a> beach, Hokkaido, Japan (43°15.420′N, 141°21.438′E), medium-grained sand, 58 cm depth, 5 m landward from high-water level, 14 May 2014. Paratype: ICHUM 4983 (subadult), same collection data as for holotype.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is an adjective from the Latin lobatus (lobed), referring to the lateral lobes at U11.</p> <p>Description. Habitus. Adult Lt 390 µm; L of anterior end to PhJIn (at U30) 132 µm. Body short; head slightly sculpted, with lateral cones at U07 and additional lateral lobes at U11 (Figs 7A, 8A); neck constriction at U11; trunk widest in mid-body region, tapering gradually to caudal base; caudum moderately cleft, incised from its tips to U97, medial cone absent. Glands 35–40 per side, medium in size (6 µm in diameter), scattered in lateral and medial columns.</p> <p>Adhesive tubes. TbA four per side (L 5–7 µm), occurring on lobe inserted at U11 (Fig. 7B); TbL 10–12 per side (L 8–12 µm), some bearing cilia, irregularly spaced and often asymmetrically arranged, with tow in pharyngeal region, one behind anal opening, and others along intestine; TbD 7–8 per side, with one in pharyngeal region and remainder along intestine; ‘cirrata’ [Seitenfüsschen] tubes occurring at U38; TbP four per side, arrayed along rear edge of each lobe, lengthening medial to lateral (L 3–9 µm) (Figs 7A, B, 8C).</p> <p>Ciliation. Mouth surrounded by short sensory cilia (L 3 µm), with longer cilia (L 5 µm) inserted at points of head sculpting on each side; ciliary hairs (L 11 µm) forming cir- cum-cephalic band at U07; sensory cilia (L 9 µm) occurring on trunk in lateral columns; each Tb inserted on trunk, bearing cilium (L 11 µm) arising from rear apex of tube support; ventral locomotory cilia (L 12 µm) running in two longitudinal bands along lateral body margins to anus (Fig. 7B)</p> <p>Digestive tract. Mouth terminal, of medium width (11 µm); buccal cavity conical-shaped; walls lightly cuticular; pharynx of medium width throughout, with basal pharyngeal pores at U30; intestine narrowing anterior to posterior; anus at U91.</p> <p>Reproductive tract. Hermaphroditic; paired testes extending posteriorly from U59, their vasa deferentia recurving anteriorly, but terminal not seen; bilateral oocytes developing posterior to anterior, largest (53×23 µm) in anterior region of intestine (Figs 7A, 8B).</p> <p>Remarks. Among approximately 30 species in the genus Turbanella, five species share many features with Turbanella lobata sp. nov.: T. caledoniensis Hummon, 2008; T. lutheri Remane, 1952; T. otti Schrom, 1972; T. pacifica Schmidt, 1974; and T. subterranea Remane, 1934. These species differ from T. lobata sp. nov. as follows: T. caledoniensis lacks lateral head lobes and the neck constriction; T. lutheri banelloides was originally established in Paradasys (Boaden 1960), suggesting that transfer of the species to Cephalodasys (Hummon 1974) may require a revision. Our analysis indicates Cephalodasys and Cephalodasyidae as currently diagnosed (Hummon and Todaro 2010; Kieneke et al. 2015) are not monophyletic (Fig. 4). However, additional gene markers may recover them as monophyletic, because support values for basal nodes are generally low (Fig. 4). In any case, inclusion of C. maximus Remane, 1926, the type species of Cephalodasys, as well as P. subterraneu, the type species of Paradasys (see Remarks for C. mahoae sp. nov. above), in molecular phylogenetic context is indispensable to test the appropriateness of the generic placement of C. mahoae sp. nov., as well as for taxonomic revision of the family.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397C909FFE3301CFEC6DCC3FCC2298F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yamauchi, Shohei;Kajihara, Hiroshi	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
