taxonID	type	description	language	source
0397C909FFE5301EFC30D988FF5B2DBF.taxon	description	Digestive tract. Mouth terminal, of medium width (18 µm); buccal cavity cup-shaped, shallow; walls lightly cuticular; pharynx medium throughout, with basal pharyngeal pores at U 28 – 32; intestine divided into broad, anterior, granular region with refractive granules at anterior and posterior ends, and narrower, posterior, non-granular region; anus at U 91. Reproductive tract. Hermaphroditic, probably protogynous; testes not seen; oocytes lying along anterior part of intestine (U 50 – 70), developing from posterior to anterior, largest (67 × 44 µm) anteriorly (Figs 2 A, 3 C); seminal receptacle present behind oocytes (Figs 2 A, 3 C).	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE5301EFC30D988FF5B2DBF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Among the specimens examined, only one had multiple eggs, thus indicating the direction of oocyte development, from posterior to anterior. This orientation,	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE5301EFC30D988FF5B2DBF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Twelve adults. Holotype, ICHUM 4980, mounted on glass slide, Higashi-Shizunai, Hokkaido, Japan (42 ° 17.333 ′ N, 142 ° 27.590 ′ E), medium-grained sand, surface layer at water’s edge, 19 May 2012. Six paratypes, same collection data as for holotype: ICHUM 4981, mount- ed on glass slide; ICHUM 4991 – 4995, on SEM stubs. Four additional specimens destroyed after observation.	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE5301EFC30D988FF5B2DBF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new specific name is an adjective from the Latin cuspidatus (made pointed), indicating the pair of small, ventrolateral, projective organs.	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE5301EFC30D988FF5B2DBF.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Adult Lt 570 – 670 µm (640 µm in holotype); L of anterior end to PhJIn (at U 32 – 27) 160 – 180 µm (177 µm in holotype). Body medium in length; head sculpted, with lateral cones at U 07 (Figs 5 A, 6 A, B) and small ventrolateral projective organ at U 06 on each side (Figs 5 B, 6 A, B); neck constriction at U 09; trunk widest in mid-body region, tapering gradually to caudal base; caudum slightly cleft, incised from tips to U 98, bearing a medial cone (L 5 – 10 µm) (Figs 5 B, 6 D). Glands 30 – 40 per side, medium size (6 µm in diameter), scattered along lateral and medial columns. Adhesive tubes. TbA 7 – 8 per side (L 4 – 12 µm), occurring on lobe inserted at U 09 – 11 (Figs 5 B, 6 A, B), most medial tube on hand always set lower than others; TbL / TbVL 18 – 25 per side (L 10 – 16 µm, insertions difficult to distinguish), irregularly spaced and often asymmetrically arranged, with five in pharyngeal region, one at PhJIn, and others along intestine, but none behind anal opening, most bearing cilia; TbDL 8 – 13 per side, evenly spaced and sym- metrically arranged, with three in pharyngeal region and remainder along intestine, most bearing cilia; TbD 15 – 20 per side, with three in pharyngeal region and remainder along intestine, most bearing cilia; ‘ cirrata’ [Seitenfüsschen] tubes occurring at U 39; TbP 10 – 12 per side, arrayed along rear edge of each lobe, lengthening medial to lateral (L 4 – 13 µm). Ciliation. Mouth surrounded by short sensory cilia (L 6 µm), with longer cilia (L 11 µm) inserted at points of head sculpting on each side; ciliary hairs (L 11 µm) forming circum-cephalic band at U 07; sensory cilia (L 7 µm) occurring on trunk in lateral and dorsal columns; each Tb on trunk bearing cilium (L 13 µm) arising from rear apex of tube support; ventral locomotory cilia (L 15 µm) running in two longitudinal bands along lateral body margins to anus, separate except beneath (i. e., ventrally in) pharyngeal region (Fig. 5 B). Digestive tract. Mouth terminal, of medium width (18 µm); buccal cavity cup-shaped, shallow; walls lightly cuticular; pharynx of medium width throughout, with basal pharyngeal pores at U 29 – 24; intestine narrows anterior to posterior; anus at U 94. Reproductive tract. Hermaphroditic; paired testes extending posteriorly from U 32, their vasa deferentia recurving anteriorly and exiting at U 38; bilateral oocytes developing in posterior to anterior direction, largest (125 × 57 µm) in anterior region of intestine (Figs 5 A, 6 C).	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE5301EFC30D988FF5B2DBF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Among approximately 30 species in the genus Turbanella, four species (T. amphiatlantica Hummon and Kelly, 2011; T. bocqueti Kaplan, 1958 sensu Boaden (1974); T. varians Maguire, 1976; and T. wieseri Hummon, 2010) share many features with T. cuspidata sp. nov., but differ from the latter in the following ways. Turbanella amphiatlantica lacks the slight neck constriction; T. bocqueti has larger body size (Lt 800 – 1320) (Hummon 2008); T. varians lacks lateral head cones; and T. wieseri bears nine TbD per side. In addition, the ventrolateral projective organ on each side the head is characteristic of T. cuspidata sp. nov.; the organ is a simple, cylindrical projection, about 45 µm in length and 20 µm in width, sticking out ventrally from a portion slightly anterior to the base of the lateral cone (Fig. 6 A, B).	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE3301CFEC6DCC3FCC2298F.taxon	description	(Figs 7, 8)	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE3301CFEC6DCC3FCC2298F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype, ICHUM 4982 (adult), Ishikari beach, Hokkaido, Japan (43 ° 15.420 ′ N, 141 ° 21.438 ′ E), medium-grained sand, 58 cm depth, 5 m landward from high-water level, 14 May 2014. Paratype: ICHUM 4983 (subadult), same collection data as for holotype.	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE3301CFEC6DCC3FCC2298F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is an adjective from the Latin lobatus (lobed), referring to the lateral lobes at U 11.	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE3301CFEC6DCC3FCC2298F.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Adult Lt 390 µm; L of anterior end to PhJIn (at U 30) 132 µm. Body short; head slightly sculpted, with lateral cones at U 07 and additional lateral lobes at U 11 (Figs 7 A, 8 A); neck constriction at U 11; trunk widest in mid-body region, tapering gradually to caudal base; caudum moderately cleft, incised from its tips to U 97, medial cone absent. Glands 35 – 40 per side, medium in size (6 µm in diameter), scattered in lateral and medial columns. Adhesive tubes. TbA four per side (L 5 – 7 µm), occurring on lobe inserted at U 11 (Fig. 7 B); TbL 10 – 12 per side (L 8 – 12 µm), some bearing cilia, irregularly spaced and often asymmetrically arranged, with tow in pharyngeal region, one behind anal opening, and others along intestine; TbD 7 – 8 per side, with one in pharyngeal region and remainder along intestine; ‘ cirrata’ [Seitenfüsschen] tubes occurring at U 38; TbP four per side, arrayed along rear edge of each lobe, lengthening medial to lateral (L 3 – 9 µm) (Figs 7 A, B, 8 C). Ciliation. Mouth surrounded by short sensory cilia (L 3 µm), with longer cilia (L 5 µm) inserted at points of head sculpting on each side; ciliary hairs (L 11 µm) forming cir- cum-cephalic band at U 07; sensory cilia (L 9 µm) occurring on trunk in lateral columns; each Tb inserted on trunk, bearing cilium (L 11 µm) arising from rear apex of tube support; ventral locomotory cilia (L 12 µm) running in two longitudinal bands along lateral body margins to anus (Fig. 7 B) Digestive tract. Mouth terminal, of medium width (11 µm); buccal cavity conical-shaped; walls lightly cuticular; pharynx of medium width throughout, with basal pharyngeal pores at U 30; intestine narrowing anterior to posterior; anus at U 91. Reproductive tract. Hermaphroditic; paired testes extending posteriorly from U 59, their vasa deferentia recurving anteriorly, but terminal not seen; bilateral oocytes developing posterior to anterior, largest (53 × 23 µm) in anterior region of intestine (Figs 7 A, 8 B).	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
0397C909FFE3301CFEC6DCC3FCC2298F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Among approximately 30 species in the genus Turbanella, five species share many features with Turbanella lobata sp. nov.: T. caledoniensis Hummon, 2008; T. lutheri Remane, 1952; T. otti Schrom, 1972; T. pacifica Schmidt, 1974; and T. subterranea Remane, 1934. These species differ from T. lobata sp. nov. as follows: T. caledoniensis lacks lateral head lobes and the neck constriction; T. lutheri banelloides was originally established in Paradasys (Boaden 1960), suggesting that transfer of the species to Cephalodasys (Hummon 1974) may require a revision. Our analysis indicates Cephalodasys and Cephalodasyidae as currently diagnosed (Hummon and Todaro 2010; Kieneke et al. 2015) are not monophyletic (Fig. 4). However, additional gene markers may recover them as monophyletic, because support values for basal nodes are generally low (Fig. 4). In any case, inclusion of C. maximus Remane, 1926, the type species of Cephalodasys, as well as P. subterraneu, the type species of Paradasys (see Remarks for C. mahoae sp. nov. above), in molecular phylogenetic context is indispensable to test the appropriateness of the generic placement of C. mahoae sp. nov., as well as for taxonomic revision of the family.	en	Yamauchi, Shohei, Kajihara, Hiroshi (2018): Marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha) from Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Species Diversity 23: 183-192, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.23.183
