identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03972845FFC8FFEF90C73A849610B0C6.text	03972845FFC8FFEF90C73A849610B0C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perspiria Wieser and Hopper 1967	<div><p>Genus Perspiria Wieser and Hopper, 1967</p><p>Diognosis (based on Huang et al. 2022)</p><p>Cuticle with fine striations on the body and prominently striated on the tail region. Head not demarcated as a cephalic capsule. Buccal cavity small with three minute teeth or one dorsal tooth (or absent). Amphideal fovea simple spiral with a circular outline, usually located close to the apex and partially surrounded with cuticular striations. Posterior pharyngeal bulb round to pyriform. Male spicules slender with well-developed swollen proximal end, precloacal supplements present or absent, single anterior testis. Female with two reflexed ovaries. Tail conico-cylindrical, usually filiform.</p><p>Valid species</p><p>P. boucheri Sun, Zhai and Huang, 2019</p><p>P. elongata (Castro et al., 2006) Leduc and Verschelde, 2015</p><p>P. flagellata Vitiello, 1971</p><p>P. hamata Wieser and Hopper, 1967</p><p>P. lara (Da Silva et al., 2009) Leduc and Verschelde, 2015</p><p>P. longicaudatus Huang, Sui and Wang, 2022</p><p>P. megamphida Vincx and Gourbault, 1989</p><p>P. mokii Coles, 1987</p><p>P. papillata Vincx and Gourbault, 1989</p><p>P. septentrionalis (Cobb, 1914) Leduc and Verschelde, 2015</p><p>P. striaticaudata (Timm, 1962) Leduc and Verschelde, 2015</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03972845FFC8FFEF90C73A849610B0C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhai, Hongxiu;Shi, Yifeng;Li, Ting;Sun, Jun	Zhai, Hongxiu, Shi, Yifeng, Li, Ting, Sun, Jun (2023): Two new species of genus Perspiria (Desmodoridae: Nematoda) from the Bohai Bay of China. Journal of Natural History 57 (9 - 12): 490-502, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2198149, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2198149
03972845FFC9FFEB9082399F9671B3AC.text	03972845FFC9FFEB9082399F9671B3AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perspiria macramphida Zhai & Shi & Li & Sun 2023	<div><p>Perspiria macramphida sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 2, 3; Table 1)</p><p>Holotype and paratype material</p><p>Three males and two females were obtained from the subtidal zone of Bohai Bay . Holotype male and paratype female 1 on slide BHB16-(0-2)-10. Paratype male 2 on slide BHB16-(0-2)-9; paratypes male 3 and female 2 on slide BHB06-(2-5)-6.</p><p>Holotype and paratype locality and habitat</p><p>Holotype male, paratype male 2 and female 1 were collected from Station BHB16: 38.589 N, 117.774 E; depth: 6 m; temperature: 14.9°C; salinity: 31.2 psu; silt sediment in the west of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.748" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.504/lat 38.748)">Bohai Bay.</a> Other paratypes were collected from Station BHB06: 38.748 N, 118.504 E; depth: 21 m; temperature: 17.8°C; salinity: 31.596 psu; silt sediment in the middle of Bohai Bay.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species name is from the Latin macros (great) and amphid, referring to its large amphideal fovea.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>All measurement data are given in Table 1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype male. Body cylindrical with rounded anterior end. Cuticle striated, beginning from the middle of the amphideal fovea and ending at tail tip. Inner labial sensilla papilliform. Six outer labial sensilla setiform, about 2 μm long. Four cephalic setae about 10 μm long, located at the level of the anterior border of the amphideal fovea. Four subcephalic setae 8 μm long, located at anterior to posterior border of the amphideal fovea, about 10 µm from the cephalic setae (Figures 2 (a), 3(b)). Somatic setae not found. Amphideal fovea unispiral, longitudinal loop-shaped, 15 μm long and 12 μm wide, i.e. 60% of the corresponding body diameter, about 7 μm from the anterior end. Buccal cavity conical, with a small dorsal tooth. Pharynx cylindrical with a pyriform terminal bulb. Cardia small, conical. Nerve ring and excretory system not observed. Tail conico-cylindrical with prominent transverse striations except its terminal end, 4.3 times cloacal body diameter long. Three caudal glands present.</p><p>Reproductive system with one outstretched testis. Spicules slender, arcuated with ventral velum, 1.9 times as long as cloacal body diameter. Proximal end enlarged, and distal end tapered. Gubernaculum 19 μm long, without apophysis. Sixteen papillary precloacal supplements, evenly spaced.</p><p>Females. Similar to males in most morphological characters. Reproductive system didelphic, with two opposed and reflexed ovaries. Anterior ovary located to the right of intestine, posterior ovary to the left of intestine. Spermathecae not observed. Vagina straight, cuticularised, about 0.2 times vulval body diameters long. Vulva raised, situated on ventral side of mid-body, about 50% of body length from anterior end.</p><p>Differential diagnosis and discussion</p><p>The present species is characterised by cuticle with annulations along the body, amphidial fovea unispiral, longitudinal loop-shaped, partially surrounded with cuticular striations (Figures 2 (a), 3(a)); conical buccal cavity with a dorsal tooth; pharynx with a pyriform terminal bulb; tail conico-cylindrical; spicules strongly curved with enlarged proximal end and ventral velum; 16 papillary precloacal supplements, evenly spaced.</p><p>Among 11 known valid species within the genus, only Perspiria flagellata Vitiello, 1971 and Perspiria papillata Vincx and Gourbault, 1989 have precloacal supplements. The new species is most similar to P. papillata in having 15–16 precloacal supplements and the similar de Man ratio ̍a̾, ̍b̾. However, the new species can be distinguished from the latter species by the shape of the amphidial fovea (longitudinal loop-shaped vs circular); much longer spicules (53–61 µm vs 35 µm); and obviously shorter tail (c̾ = 3.6–4.3 vs 7.4). The new species is also similar to P. megamphida in having a relatively large amphidial fovea and relatively short tail length (shorter than 3 times cloacal body diameter in the latter species). However, the new species can be easily distinguished from the latter species by the shape of the amphidial fovea (longitudinal loop-shaped vs rounded), the presence of precloacal supplements (vs absence), spicules with ventral velum (vs absence), buccal cavity with tooth (vs absence) and much slenderer body (a = 49–59 vs 31.1). The difference between the new species and its congeners can be inferred from the key below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03972845FFC9FFEB9082399F9671B3AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhai, Hongxiu;Shi, Yifeng;Li, Ting;Sun, Jun	Zhai, Hongxiu, Shi, Yifeng, Li, Ting, Sun, Jun (2023): Two new species of genus Perspiria (Desmodoridae: Nematoda) from the Bohai Bay of China. Journal of Natural History 57 (9 - 12): 490-502, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2198149, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2198149
03972845FFCCFFE690B13CCD91BBB562.text	03972845FFCCFFE690B13CCD91BBB562.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perspiria major Zhai & Shi & Li & Sun 2023	<div><p>Perspiria major sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 4, 5; Table 2)</p><p>Holotype and paratype material</p><p>Two males and two females were collected from the subtidal zone of Bohai Bay . Holotype male on slide BHB40-(0-2)-2. Paratype male 2 on slide BHB40-(0-2)-7; female 1 on slide BHB04-(2-5)-8; female 2 on slide BHB41-(0-2)-3.</p><p>Holotype and paratype locality and habitat</p><p>Holotype male and paratype male 2 were collected from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.91&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.91/lat 38.533)">Station</a> BHB40: 38.416 N, 118.140 E; depth 18 m; temperature 16.18°C; salinity 31.2 psu; silt sediment in the east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.91&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.91/lat 38.533)">Bohai Bay.</a> Female 1 was collected from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.91&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.91/lat 38.533)">Station</a> BHB04: 38.964 N, 118.328 E; depth: 7 m; temperature: 14.9°C; salinity: 30.43 psu; silt sediment in the north of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.91&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.91/lat 38.533)">Bohai Bay.</a> Female 2 was collected from Station BHB41: 38.533 N, 118.91 E; depth: 18 m; temperature: 15.9°C; salinity: 32.0 psu; silt sediment in the east of Bohai Bay.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species is named in reference to its relatively large body for the genus.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>All measurement data are given in Table 2.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype male. Body cylindrical with blunt anterior end and tapered tail end. Cuticle striated, beginning from the level of the middle of amphideal fovea. Inner labial sensilla not observed, six outer labial sensilla papilliform, four cephalic setae thin, about 8 μm long, located level with the middle of the amphideal fovea. Two latero-dorsal and two latero-ventral longitudinal rows of 5–6 cervical setae (4–6 μm long), somatic setae short, arranged irregularly on the surface of the body. Amphideal fovea unispiral, about 7 μm in diameter, i.e. 37% of the corresponding body diameter, and 5 μm from the anterior end. Buccal cavity minute, with a small dorsal tooth. Pharynx 124 μm long, cylindrical, with an oval anterior bulb and a pyriform terminal bulb. Cardia small, conical. Nerve ring located at about 75% of pharyngeal length from anterior end. Ventral gland and excretory pore not observed. Tail conico-cylindrical with prominent transverse striations except its terminal end, 2.5 times cloacal body diameter. Three caudal glands present.</p><p>Reproductive system with single outstretched testis. Spicules arcuated without ventral velum, 1.2 cloacal body diameters long, proximal end enlarged, heart-shaped, and distal end tapered. Gubernaculum plate-shaped, 10 µm long, broadest in middle portion and tapering proximally and distally, without apophysis. Precloacal supplements absent.</p><p>Females. Similar to males in most morphological characters except the body slightly larger. Reproductive system didelphic, with two opposed and reflexed ovaries. Anterior ovary located to the right of intestine, posterior ovary to the left of intestine. Spermathecae not observed. Vagina straight, cuticularised, about 0.2 times vulval body diameters long. Vulva raised, situated on ventral side of mid-body, about 55% of body length from anterior end.</p><p>Differential diagnosis and discussion</p><p>The species is characterised by the presence of four longitudinal rows of 5–6 cervical setae, small unispiral amphidial fovea, partially surrounded with cuticular striation (Figures 4 (a), 5(b)); conical buccal cavity with a small dorsal tooth; pharynx with an oval anterior bulb and a pyriform terminal bulb; spicules arcuated with heart-shaped proximal end and tapered distal end, without ventral velum. Gubernaculum plate-shaped without apophysis. Precloacal supplement absent. Tail relatively short, conico-cylindrical with prominent transverse striations.</p><p>The new species is most similar to P. megamphida Vincx and Gourbault, 1989 in having a short tail that is shorter than 3 times cloacal body diameter. However, the new species differs from the latter species by its much smaller amphidial fovea (37% of corresponding body diameter vs more than 60%); the presence of the dorsal tooth (vs absence) and longer body length (1914–2241 μm vs 1605 μm). The difference between the new species and its congeners can be inferred from the key below.</p><p>Updated key to all valid species of Perspiria including the new species</p><p>1. Presence of somatic papillae along the body.................................................................. P. lara</p><p>- Absence of somatic papillae along the body............................................................................ 2</p><p>2. Male with precloacal supplements................................................................................................ 3</p><p>- Male without precloacal supplements ......................................................................................... 5</p><p>3. 11–12 tubular precloacal supplements, tail filiform, 8.5–11.2 a.b.d. long ......................... .................................................................................................................................................. P. flagellata</p><p>- 14–17 cup-shaped or papillary precloacal supplements, tail conico-cylindrical, shorter than 8 a.b.d.............................................................................................................................................. 4</p><p>4. Amphidial fovea circular, precloacal supplements cup-shaped...................... P. papillata</p><p>- Amphidial fovea longitudinal loop-shaped, precloacal supplements papilliform........... ........................................................................................................................ P. macramphida sp. nov.</p><p>5. Cuticle striations resolvable into dots............................................................ P. septentrionalis</p><p>- Cuticle striations prominent, not resolvable into dots .......................................................... 6 6. Buccal cavity with two dorsal teeth..................................... ..................................... P. elongata</p><p>- Buccal cavity with only one dorsal tooth or no tooth at all................................................ 7</p><p>7. Proximal end of spicules markedly hook-shaped......................... ......................... P. hamata</p><p>- Proximal end of spicules not hook-like........................................................................................ 8</p><p>8. Tail filiform, longer than 9 a.b.d...................................................................................................... 9</p><p>- Tail conico-cylindrical, shorter than 8 a.b.d.............................................................................. 11</p><p>9. Spicules without ventral velum, gubernaculum with dorsal apophysis.............................. ......................................................................................................................................... P. striaticaudata</p><p>- Spicules with ventral velum, gubernaculum without dorsal apophysis....................... 10</p><p>10. Tail 11.9–14.5 a.b.d. long, slender spicule with triangular proximal end............................ ........................................................................................................................................ P. longicaudatus</p><p>- Tail 9–10 a.b.d. long, thick spicule with rounded or club-shaped proximal end.. ........ ......................................................................................................................................................... P. mokii</p><p>11. Tail 6–7.3 a.b.d. long, spicules 36–40 μm................................ ................................ P. boucheri</p><p>- Tail shorter than 3 a.b.d., spicules 51–55 μm .......................................................................... 12</p><p>12. Amphidial fovea large, 60% c.b.d., buccal cavity without tooth..... ..... P. megamphida</p><p>- Amphidial fovea small, 37% c.b.d., buccal cavity with dorsal tooth .................................... ........................................................................................................................................ P. major sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03972845FFCCFFE690B13CCD91BBB562	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhai, Hongxiu;Shi, Yifeng;Li, Ting;Sun, Jun	Zhai, Hongxiu, Shi, Yifeng, Li, Ting, Sun, Jun (2023): Two new species of genus Perspiria (Desmodoridae: Nematoda) from the Bohai Bay of China. Journal of Natural History 57 (9 - 12): 490-502, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2198149, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2198149
