identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039487E7FFCEFFA0FF2879889A27F856.text	039487E7FFCEFFA0FF2879889A27F856.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia White 1862	<div><p>Markia White 1862</p><p>Type species.— Phaneroptera hystrix Westwood 1845 .</p><p>Diagnosis— Fastigium elevated, developed as a vertical and slightly forward-directed spine. Frons delimited from the genae by a suture. Pronotum smooth with two spine-like median projections on the pronotal disc: one on the anterior margin and another higher and slightly curved one on the posterior margin. Fore tibia with two dorsal spines at the distal margin of the tympana. Hind femora and hind tibiae with elongated spines. Mesosternum narrower than metasternum, constricted and quadrangular, side lobes partially covering the bases of the coxae, their posterior margins touching, metafurcal furrow transverse, rounded, small and deep. Metasternum with anterior margin straight, posterior margin concave, side lobes slightly expanded and separated by the anterior lobe. Tegmina undulated toward medial region and the apex truncated. Male cerci bifurcate. Ovipositor long, upcurved and with the meso-apical region delicately serrulate. General coloration greenish white.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFCEFFA0FF2879889A27F856	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFCDFFA3FF2879A99F08F950.text	039487E7FFCDFFA3FF2879A99F08F950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia erinaceus	<div><p>Erinaceus Group</p><p>The species included in this group are the largest of the genus (60–65 mm). Pronotal spines are wide and long, exceeding the length of the fastigium. Branches of male cerci without ventral or apical denticulations. The known distribution for this group is from the Amazonian foothills in Colombia to central Peru.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFCDFFA3FF2879A99F08F950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFCDFFA3FF287D879910FDDB.text	039487E7FFCDFFA3FF287D879910FDDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia sarriai	<div><p>Sarriai Group</p><p>Markia sarriai Cadena — Castañeda, n.sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFCDFFA3FF287D879910FDDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFCDFFA3FF287D7C986AFE47.text	039487E7FFCDFFA3FF287D7C986AFE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phaneroptera hystrix	<div><p>Hystrix Group</p><p>Markia espinachi Cadena — Castañeda, n.sp., M. hystrix (Westwood, 1844), M. major (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878), M. longivertex Márquez Mayaudón, 1965 n . syn.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFCDFFA3FF287D7C986AFE47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFCDFFA4FF287A9C9F7AF828.text	039487E7FFCDFFA4FF287A9C9F7AF828.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia erinaceus	<div><p>Markia erinaceus n. sp. Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Gorochov</p><p>(Plate 1; Plate 7 figs. A and B; Plate 8 figs. A. and B.)</p><p>Diagnosis — Fastigium straight, projecting slightly forward. Distance between the pronotal spines in the following way: at the bases 1.3–1.5 mm; at the apices 5.2–5.5 mm. Metazonal spine twice as long as the fastigium and with the base as wide as three-fifths the length of fastigium. Dorsal spines of the fore tibia 1.4 times longer than the width of tympanum. Male cerci with the external branch 1.8 times longer than the internal branch, without denticulations on the ventral edge.</p><p>PLATE 1. Markia erinaceus Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Gorochov n. sp.: A — holotype in living condition; B–F —dry specimens. Male from side, and tree lichen in right lower corner (A); male head and pronotum from side (B); male abdominal apex from below (C); ovipositor from side (D); male antenna, left tegmen and costal lobe of left hind wing (E); dorsal field of male right tegmen (F). Scale bars 5 mm.</p><p>Holotype— 3 Peru, Junín Department, Satipo Province., ~ 25 km SE of Satipo, environs of village Rio Venado, ~ 1200 m, partly primary / partly secondary forest, at light, 20–23 October 2008, A. Gorochov, M. Berezin, L. Anisyutkin, E. Tkatsheva &amp; V. Izersky leg. [ZIN].</p><p>Paratypes— 3 Peru, Cusco Department, La Convención Province, Otishi National Park. 12 September 2011, C. Tarquino leg. [MUD]. Ƥ Peru, “Chanchamayo, Hoffmanns”; determined as M. major (Br.-W.) by Gorochov (1995: Fig. 389). 3 Peru, Junín Department, Satipo Province., ~ 25 km SE of Satipo, environs of village Rio Venado, ~ 1200 m, partly primary / partly secondary forest, at light, 18 October 2009, V. Izersky leg. [ZIN].</p><p>Description</p><p>Head process moderately long (distance from apex of this process to ventral edge of eye clearly smaller than height of anterior pronotal process); anterior pronotal process high, directed upwards, and with rather large and distinctly arcuate (in profile) lamellar keel along hind edge; posterior pronotal process very high (distinctly higher than anterior one), directed upwards and slightly forwards, and with base distinctly longer than lateral lobe of pronotum; notch between anterior and posterior pronotal processes narrow and with very narrow lower part. Thorax. Fore legs with two long and flattened ventrodistal spines on inner side of femora, a pair of long and thin spines at femoral apex, a pair of similar spines on dorsoproximal part of tibiae, and several small spines on ventrodistal and apical parts of tibiae; middle femora with three long and flattened ventrolateral spines and with apical spines similar to those of fore femora; middle tibiae with two pairs of long and weakly flattened dorsoproximal spines, a pair of thin and somewhat shorter dorsal spines at middle of tibiae (one of latter spines not developed in one leg), one small inner dorsal spine in distal part, and several small spines on ventrodistal and apical parts; hind femora with eight ventral outer spines (these spines flattened and long, but most proximal one rather short), four inner ventral spines (also flattened and long), and apical spines as in previous femora; hind tibiae with 7–8 outer dorsal spines and 10–11 inner dorsal spines (these outer and inner spines flattened and long, excepting a few distal ones which distinctly shorter and almost not flattened) as well as several small ventral and apical spines. Tegmina, the stridulatory apparatus, and exposed part of hind wings as in Plate 1 figs. E and F; stridulatory vein weakly arcuate, with ventral teeth dense in lateral half and somewhat sparser in medial half. Abdomen. Each abdominal tergite with small, soft and ribbon-like posteromedian process, excepting last tergite having only wide and very shallow posteromedian notch; epiproct and paraprocts rather small and more or less rounded; each cercus with two lobes (longer lateral and shorter medial); apices of these lobes widely separated from each other, and each apex in shape of a single weakly hooked tooth; Subgenital plate with broad base, narrowing toward the apex, with u-shaped emargination. Styli cylindrical, as long as 0.4 times the subgenital plate.</p><p>Female: Coloration of dry specimen and structure of body as in male, but with following differences: blackish vertical stripes on head process fused with each other anteriorly (subapically); dark lines on spines of legs almost black and wider (in shape of stripe gradually narrowing to apex); tegminal venation with greenish tinge; dorsal field of tegmina with larger darkened spots; head process hardly longer; posterior pronotal process slightly lower (weakly higher than anterior pronotal process) and with somewhat shorter base (this base slightly longer than lateral lobe of pronotum); distance between distal parts of anterior and posterior pronotal processes somewhat greater; tegmina distinctly shorter in relation to other body parts (see measurements); exposed part of hind wings also clearly shorter; middle part of middle tibiae without dorsal spines; dorsal spines of hind tibiae insignificantly less numerous (6–7 outer and 10 inner); cerci almost cylindrical, but with moderately thin proximal half and very thin distal half; cercal apex almost acute (last tergite, epiproct and paraprocts damaged). Genital plate as in Fig. C; ovipositor (Fig. D) more or less intermediate between those of M. major (Brunner-Wattenwyl, 1878) and M. hystrix (Westwood, 1844) .</p><p>Measureents (mm) (male/female): Total length: 65/62, Pronotum: 10/12, Tegmina: 48/46, Fore femur: 9.5/ 10, Fore tibia: 11/11.5, Middle femur: 12.9/13.5, Middle tibia: 14.9/16.2, Hind femur: 29/33, Hind tibia: 32/35, Subgenital plate: 2.4 (male), Cerci: 2.5 (male), Ovipositor: 13.</p><p>Remarks: General appearance typical of Markia . Coloration of dry specimen yellowish white with a pair of blackish vertical stripes on distal part of three dorsal processes (these stripes isolated from each other on head process, fused with each other posteriorly on anterior pronotal process, and fused with each other anteriorly on posterior pronotal process), brown vertical stripes from above-mentioined blackish stripes to base of these processes, dark brown longitudinal lines on some spines of fore femora and on majority of spines in all other femora and in hind tibiae, sparse brownish spots on antennal flagellum, rather numerous darkened (from brownish to dark brown) spots on tegmina and on distal part of costal lobe of hind wings, transparent or almost transparent majority of membranes of all wings, and weakly distinct pattern consisting of light brown or rose marks on most part of head and thorax, on middle and hind femora, and on abdominal tergites and sternites (in living condition, coloration more variegate: greyish white with more distinct pattern consisting of greenish grey and bluish grey marks and with partly fumigate membranes in tegmina and in exposed part of hind wings.</p><p>Etymology: The name is derived from Latin “ erinaceus ” (hedgehog).</p><p>PLATE 2. Markia arizae Cadena-Castañeda n. sp. Male habitus (A); Head and pronotum in dorsal view (B) and lateral view (C); Subgenital plate (D); male abdominal apex (E). Scale bars 5 mm. Photos: H. Braun.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFCDFFA4FF287A9C9F7AF828	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFC9FFA7FF287CD69EE2FAAF.text	039487E7FFC9FFA7FF287CD69EE2FAAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia arizae Cadena-Castaneda	<div><p>Markia arizae Cadena-Castañeda n. sp.</p><p>(Plate 2; Plate 8 figs. D. and E.)</p><p>Diagnosis — Fastigium slightly curved forward. Distance between the pronotal spines in the following way: at the bases 1.8–2.0 mm; at the apices 5.7–6.0 mm. Metazonal spine 1.5 times as long as the fastigium and with the base as wide as three-quarters of its the length. Dorsal spine of the fore tibia longer than the width of the tympanum. Branches of male cerci similar in form and without denticulations on the ventral edge.</p><p>Holotype — 3 Colombia, Caquetá Department. 21 November 1998. J.J. Zuluaga leg. [MUD].</p><p>Paratype— 3 Ecuador, Sucumbios Province, “Pandos-Tungurahua”. 25 January 1987. K. Riede leg. [SMNK].</p><p>Description</p><p>Male</p><p>Head: Fastigium projecting forward, forming an angle of 135° with the vertex and the anterior pronotal spine. Ventral margin of the fastigium curved towards the posterior margin, dorsal margin undulated from the proximal to the mesal region; from there to the apex straight. Scapus twice as long as the pedicellus, fronto-basal region of the scapus armed with a tubercle. Thorax. Pronotum: Prozonal spine 1.5 times as long as that the fastigium, metazonal spine 1.5 times high and twice as wide than the prozonal spine, with posterior margin curving to front. Legs: fore femur cylindrical, armed with two ventro-external spines on distal region. Fore tibia with square crosssection and armed with two spines on the dorsal margin above the tympanum, ventral margin with five spinules. Middle femur with three ventro-lateral spines, spines of middle tibia organized as follows: two on the dorsointernal margin and two on the dorso-external margin of the proximal region. Hind femur slender and laterally flattened, armed with seven spines on outer ventral margin, increasing in size from the proximal to distal end, ventro-internal margin with four spines with the same form as the previous ones. Tegmina apex obliquely truncated. Abdomen tenth tergite without modification. Cerci densely pubescent, internal and external branch of similar size and shape, with sclerotized apices. Subgenital plate with broad base, tapering toward the apex, with ushaped emargination. Styli cylindrical, as long as 0.2 times the subgenital plate.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (mm): Total length: 61, Pronotum: 10.3, Tegmina: 46, Fore femur: 9, Fore tibia: 11, Middle femur: 12, Middle tibia: 14, Hind femur: 27, Hind tibia: 27, Subgenital plate: 2.4, Cerci: 2.5.</p><p>Etymology: Dedicated to Gloria Ariza, mantid specialist at the Universidad del Tolima (Colombia).</p><p>Hystrix Group</p><p>The species of this group are medium-sized (50–54 mm). Pronotal spines are enlarged; at least the metazonal spine is distinctly longer than the fastigium. Spines of the legs are elongated, outer margin of hind femur with seven or eight spines projecting towards the sides, the sixth spine being usually strongly raised beyond the dorsal margin. Branches of the cerci are armed with ventral or apical denticulations. The known distribution of this group is mostly Central American, with one species in the Colombian Pacific coast and possibly extending to Ecuador.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFC9FFA7FF287CD69EE2FAAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFC9FFA9FF28798B9838FB3E.text	039487E7FFC9FFA9FF28798B9838FB3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia hystrix (Westwood 1844) Westwood 1844	<div><p>Markia hystrix (Westwood 1844)</p><p>(Plate 3; Plate 7 figs. C and D; Plate 8 figs. E. and F; Plate 10.)</p><p>Diagnosis — Fastigium spine directed dorso-anteriorly. Dorsal spines on fore tibia near the tympanum shorter than longitudinal extension of tympanum. Lateral branches of male cerci internally strongly sclerotized, internal branch rounded and laterally blackish with denticulations on the ventral margin. Ovipositor uniformly and strongly, almost perpendicularly upcurved; subgenital plate of the female with truncated apex.</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male: Head: Fastigium spine 0.9 times as long as the prozonal spine; face rounded, as deep as wide. Thorax. Pronotum: anterior spine expanding from the base to the mesal region, thereafter curving to the apex. Metazonal spine longer and much broader than the prozonal spine, abruptly curved forward. Legs: fore femur cylindrical, armed on ventral margin with two internal spines. Middle femur cylindrical, armed with three ventro-external spines. Middle tibia with two spines on dorso-external margin and a spinule in the middle of these, dorso-internal margin with a medial spine. Hind femur with seven spines ventro-externally and four ventro-internal ones, increasing in size from base to apex. Tegmina with the apex obliquely truncated. Abdomen: tenth tergite without modification. Cerci pincer-shaped: external branch sclerotic and curving to internal margin, internal branch slimmer and more curved than the external branch, with serrulate denticulations on the latero-internal edge. Subgenital plate rectangular, with a u-shaped emargination. Length of styli twice the depth of emargination.</p><p>Female: Similar in shape and size as the male. Ovipositor 1.5 times as long as the metazonal spine of the pronotum, curving sharply in the basal third, maintaining a uniform curvature from there; upper valve with dorsal margin smoothly denticulate from the medial region to the apex, lower valve shorter than the upper valve, with ventral margin softly denticulate from the distal third to the apex. Subgenital plate triangular with expanded basal region and truncated apex.</p><p>PLATE 3. Markia hystrix (Westwood, 1844) . (A)— Female in living condition (Second color form). Photo: R. I. Romero. (B)— Head and pronotum in lateral view. (C)— Head and pronotum in dorsal view.</p><p>Specimens examined. — COLOMBIA. 13 Antioquia Departament, Rionegro, 28 November 1989 (J. Hernandez). 13 Antioquia Departament, Bolivar, June 1943. F. Gallego leg. 1Ƥ Antioquia Departament, San Vicente, August 1986. R. Ortiz leg. 13 Antioquia Departament, Santa Helena, January 1985 F. Gallego leg. 13 Antioquia Departament, Piedras Blancas, September 1972. L.C. Perez leg. (Catalogue 999). 13 Antioquia Departament, Medellín, February 1985. A. Venegas leg. 13 Antioquia Departament, Frontino, June 1965 F. Gallego leg. [MEFLG]. 13 Valle Departament, Yotoco, 1565 m, 11 November 2005, D. Torres leg. (Cod. 23163). 13 Valle Departament, Road to the sea near to Saladito km 18, 25 March 1980, 1800 m. (Cod. 20780). 13 Valle Departament, Road to the sea near to Saladito Km 18, January 1980, 1800 m. (Cod. 20779) (MUV). 13 Valle Departament, Naranjal, 15 July 2006, 1300 m. P. Robledo leg. (Cod. 22322). 13 Valle Departament, Villa Camelo, April 2001, 1600 m. J. Bueno leg. (Cod. 2098). 13 Cauca Departament, La Gallera, P.N.N. Munchique, 1736 m. 2º47’66’’N, 76º54’89’’W, 18 October 2006, Y. Mera leg. (Cod. 22321). [MUV]. 23 Valle (det. Montealegre-Z). 13 Valle Departament, Palmira, 22 June 2007, 1000 m. J. Burbano leg. 13 Valle Departament, Yotoco, August 1986. R. Segura leg. 13 Valle Departament, La Rivera, Mpio Viges, May 1961. O. Solanile leg. 13 Cauca, San Joaquin, 1 June 1979. C. Gomez leg. 13 Cauca Departament, Morales, 1700 m, 27 April 2009, H. Castellanos leg. [CEUNP]. Antioquia Departament, Medellin. 1Ƥ. [MENT-UT]. 1Ƥ Quindio Departament, Reserva Bremen, 4 June 2009. R. Romero leg. [CIBUQ]. 13 Risaralda Departament, Pereira, Vda La Suiza, 2 March 2005. S. Jansen leg. (det. J. Chamorro ICN-MHN ORT-00762). 13 Antioquia Departament, Medellin, July 1985. J. Quiroz leg. (det. Montealegre-Z, ICN-MHN ORT-00708) [ICN].</p><p>Measurements: Total length: 46–48, Pronotum: 5.2–6, Tegmina: 38–40, Fore femur: 6.7–7, Fore tibia: 8–9, Middle femur: 9.2–10, Middle tibia: 11–12, Hind femur: 22.3–24, Hind tibia: 26–27, Subgenital plate: 2–2.2, Cerci: 1.8–2.0.</p><p>Remarks: Among specimens in entomological collections of Colombia and specimens observed on various field trips to western Colombia were found two different colour morphs of M. hystrix . Each form seems to be related to a particular species of the lichen genus Usnea (see discussion). One form is milky greenish and the eyes are in life light purple. It occurs in the Pacific Region of Colombia (Choco Biogeográfico), and was found between Usnea cf. scabrata . The other form is dark green with whitish green stripes and reddish eyes. This form was found in higher elevations of the central cordillera of the Andes in the departments Antioquia and Caldas, feeding on Usnea cf. subfloridiana and Usnea cf. subscabrosa . The coloration of each form matches the coloration of the corresponding lichen species. Where the distribution ranges of the three lichen species overlap, both forms of Markia hystrix can be found. This is possible in the departments Cauca and Valle del Cauca. Both forms can occur in the same area, depending on the local abundance of the lichen species. Where Usnea cf. scabrata was most abundant was found the milky greenish form, and where Usnea cf. subfloridiana or Usnea cf. subscabrosa were most abundant was found the dark-and-whitish green form. At localities where the three lichen species occurred sympatrically, sometimes both forms of M. hystrix were found.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFC9FFA9FF28798B9838FB3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFC7FFABFF28797D9A5EFD5D.text	039487E7FFC7FFABFF28797D9A5EFD5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia major	<div><p>Markia major (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878)</p><p>(Plate 4; Plate 7 figs. E and F; Plate 8 figs. G and H; Plate 9.)</p><p>Markia longivertex Márquez Mayaudón, 1965 n . syn.</p><p>Diagnosis: Fastigium spine oblique. Pronotal spines with similar length. Distance between the pronotal spines in the following way: at the bases 2.8 mm; at the apices 3.9 mm. Metazonal spine 1.5 times as long as the fastigium. Cerci long and acuminate, with paw-shaped internal process; external branch of male cerci sickle-shaped, thin and sharp, three times longer than the internal branch. Subgenital plate with delicate subtriangular incision. Ovipositor 1.5 times as long as the pronotum, slightly curved, margins strongly serrulate and crenulate. Basal plates of ovipositor and subgenital plate with black bases. Subgenital plate of the female oval with a small emargination at the apex.</p><p>Remarks: Brunner von Wattenwyl's original description as Machima major is based on two specimens, male and female, both syntypes. His monograph on Phaneropterinae also includes a brief redescription of Markia hystrix (as Machima), based primarily on a female specimen from Colombia. Brunner von Wattenwyl explicitly included a note that he knew the male of that species only from Westwood's illustration. The female syntype of M. major actually does belong to a distinct new species. However, the male syntype belongs to M. hystrix, corroborated by identical shape of cerci and subgenital plate (Plate 8 E, F). Both syntypes have identical labels with "Medellin, Columb." as locality and the name "Dämel". Since the entomologist and insect dealer Eduard Dämel apparently received material from Mexico (where M. major actually occurs), the locality data of the female were probably confused.</p><p>PLATE 4. Markia major Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878. Male in living condition (A); head and pronotum in lateral view (B); male abdominal apex in ventral view (C) and axial view (D). Photos: J. Monzón.</p><p>According to fieldwork at the type locality of M. major (Medellín, Antioquia department) and other areas in Colombia, as well as extensive revision of Colombian collections, M. hystrix does not occur in this country.</p><p>The female syntype of Machima major (Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna) is here designated as lectotype of Markia major .</p><p>Specimens examined: Holotype M. longivertex n. syn.: MEXICO, 3 Mexico Gulf, Veracruz, Santiago Tuxtla, Cerro El Vigía. [UNAM]. HONDURAS. Ƥ Depart. Choluteca, Duyure, San Marcos de Colón, 13 April 1989, F. Zarsa leg. (BM 1900-1). [BMNH]. GUATEMALA, 3 Izabal Morales, Sierra de Caral, Finca Firmeza 900 m. July 1992. J. Monzón Sierra leg. [UVGCA]. COSTA RICA: 3 Prov. Puntarenas, Garabito, Distr. Tárcoles, Reserva Biológica Carara, Estación Quebrada Bonita; December 1 1995, 100 m., R. Guzman leg. (INBIOCRI002494925). 3 Prov. Puntarenas, Osa, Distr. Cortés, Ciudad Pto Cortés; June 6 2005, 680 m., J. Montero leg. (INB0003949789). [INBio].</p><p>Measurements: Total length: 51–53, Pronotum: 7.2–8, Tegmina: 40.8–42, Fore femur: 7–8, Fore tibia: 8–9.2, Middle femur: 10–11, Middle tibia: 11.2–12, Hind femur: 25.7–27, Hind tibia: 33.8–35, Subgenital plate: 2.8–3, Cerci: 2.3–2.5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFC7FFABFF28797D9A5EFD5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFC5FFADFF287E969EE4FC7D.text	039487E7FFC5FFADFF287E969EE4FC7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia espinachi Cadena-Castaneda	<div><p>Markia espinachi Cadena-Castañeda, n. sp.</p><p>(Plate 5; Plate 8 figs. I and J)</p><p>Diagnosis — Fastigium straight. Prozonal spine of the pronotum curved to the front and slightly shorter than the metazonal spine. Male cerci with the internal branch 1.3 times as long as the external branch, with expanded base and denticulations on the ventral margin of the apex.</p><p>Holotype — 3 Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, November 3 2004. A. Solis leg. (INBIOCRI000389886).</p><p>Paratypes— COSTA RICA. 3 Prov. Cartago, Turrialba, Tayutic, 1120 m. October 1–31 1992, J. Saborio leg. (INBIOCRI000835402). Prov. Cartago, Paraiso, Orori, 1250 m; 13 July 1–31 1991, G. Mora leg. (INBIOCRI000554847). 13 April 1–30 1992, 1250 m., R. Vargas leg. (INBIOCRI000705997). 13 November 1–30 1992, 1250 m., G. Mora leg. (INBIOCRI000985139). 13 May 1–30 1993, 1250 m., G. Mora leg. (INBIOCRI001206824). 13 September 1–30 1993, 1300 m., G. Mora leg. (INBIOCRI001669712). 13 March 1–31 1994, 1360 m., G. Mora leg.(INBIOCRI001733844). 23 Febraury 1–28 1994, 1150– 1360 m., G. Mora leg. (INBIOCRI001750523, INBIOCRI001913750). 23 April 1–30 1994, 1360 m., G. Mora leg. (INBIOCRI001768073, INBIOCRI001768074). 13 August 1–31 1994 m., G. Mora leg.(INBIOCRI002028807). Prov. Cartago, Turrialba, Tayutic; 13 October 1–31 1992, 1120 m., P. Campos leg. (INBIOCRI000809589). 23 August 1–31 1992, 1120 m., P. Campos leg. (INBIOCRI000815241, INBIOCRI000815242). Prov. Puntarenas, Buenos Aires, Distr. Potrero Grande, Estación Altamira, 1 km S of the Cerro Biolley; 13 November 1–30 1993, 1340 m., R. Delgado leg. (INBIOCRI001165706). 13 May 23–31 1998, 1340 m., R. Villalobos leg. (INB0003045325). Prov. Puntarenas, Coto Brus, Distr. Pittier, Estación Pittier, 4.2 Km SW of the Cerro Gemelo, 13 January 23 1995, 1660 m., R. Villalobos leg. (INBIOCRI002195319). 13 January 23 1995, 1660 m., L. Angulo leg. (INBIOCRI002199541). 13 June 23 1995, 1660 m., M. Chinchilla leg. (INBIOCRI002320310). 13 September 22 1995, 1660 m., M. Moraga leg. (INBIOCRI002356383). 13 January 18 1996, 1660 m., M. Moraga leg. (INBIOCRI002374117). Prov. Puntarenas, Coto Brus, Distr. Sabalito; 13 May 1–31 1990, 1300 m., M. Ramirez leg. (INBIOCRI000067622). 13 September 14 1996, 1280 m., E. Navarro leg. (INBIOCRI002480830). 13 June 5 1997, 1300 m., A. Piccado. (INBIOCRI002556177). Prov. Puntarenas, Coto Brus, Distr. San Vito, Jardín Botánico Las Cruces; 13 September 23 1995, 1095 m., I. Chacón leg. (INBIOCRI001147794). Prov. Puntarenas, Osa, Distr. Palmar; 13 June 28 1998, 2200 m., B. Gamboa leg. (INB0003015476). Prov. Puntarenas, Puntarenas, Distr. Guacimal; 13 August 1–31 1992, 1040 m., Z. Fuentes leg. (INBIOCRI000766144). Prov. Puntarenas, Puntarenas, Distr. Monteverde, Reserva Bosque Eterno de los Niños, 13 March 1–31 1992, 1520 m., K. Quesada leg. (INBIOCRI000788619). 33 May 1–31 1991, 1520 m., N. Obando leg. (INBIOCRI001326075, INBIOCRI001694024, INBIOCRI001694025). 13 October 23 1995, 1520 m., K. Martínez leg. (INBIOCRI002377502). Prov. San José, Peréz Zeledón, Dist. General, Santa Helena, Las Nubes; 13 April 6 1997, 1210 m., E. Alfaro leg. (INBIOCRI002539118). [INBio].</p><p>Other material examined: COSTA RICA. Prov. Cartago, Agua Caliente, 13 December 15 1919, C.H.L. leg. [BMNH].</p><p>PLATE 5. Markia espinachi Cadena-Castañeda n. sp. Male habitus (A); head and pronotum in lateral view (B); male abdominal apex in ventral view (C); head and pronotum in dorsal view (D). Scale bars 5 mm. Photos: C. Hernandez.</p><p>Description</p><p>Head: Fastigium straight and 0.8 times the length of prozonal spine. Ventral margin of the fastigium curved backward, dorsal margin undulated from the proximal to the mesal region. Scapus 3 times longer than the pedicellus. Thorax. Pronotum: pronotal disc with two elongated and flattened spines. Prozonal spine 1.3 times as long as the fastigium and curved forward, metazonal spine slightly longer and in lateral view almost three times as broad as the prozonal spine. Legs: fore femur cylindrical, ventral margin with a median spinule and in distal region with two external spines. Fore tibia with square cross-section and armed with two spines on the dorsal margin above the tympanum, ventral margin with four spinules. Middle femur with three ventro-lateral spines, spines of middle tibia organized as follows: two on the dorso-internal margin and two on the dorso-external margin of the proximal region. Hind femur slender and laterally flattened, armed ventrally with seven spines on external margin, increasing in size from proximal to distal end, internal margin with five spines arranged similiarly as the previous ones. Tegmina apex obliquely truncated. Abdomen: tenth tergite without modification. Male cerci pubescent, external branch 0.7 times longer than the internal branch, with sharp apex; internal branch with expanded base, apex with ventral edge denticulate and external edge branch strongly sclerotized. Subgenital plate with broad base, tapering toward the apex, with shallow u-shaped emargination, styli cylindrical.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Measurements: Total length: 50–52, Pronotum: 8–8.8, Tegmina: 42–43.2, Fore femur: 8–9, Fore tibia: 9.2–9.8, Middle femur: 11–12, Middle tibia: 12–12.7, Hind femur: 27–28, Hind tibia: 35–36, Subgenital plate: 3–3.2, Cerci: 2.5–2.8.</p><p>Etymology: Dedicated to Carlos Espinach Phillips, for his contributions and efforts in respect of INBio in Costa Rica, thereby contributing to the conservation of fauna in this country. According to the original Spanish pronunciation it is suggested to pronounce the last syllable of the species name as the last syllable in “mariachi”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFC5FFADFF287E969EE4FC7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFC3FFADFF287FB69E07FB1B.text	039487E7FFC3FFADFF287FB69E07FB1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia sarriai	<div><p>Sarriai Group</p><p>The only species placed in this group is medium-sized as the species of the Hystrix Group. Pronotal spines are moderately developed, not exceeding the length of the fastigium. Spines of the legs are also moderately developed, posterior margin of the hind femur with five spines projecting slightly to the sides. Branches of male cerci are armed with apical denticulations. Known from a single specimen from the Chocó Biogeográfico in Colombia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFC3FFADFF287FB69E07FB1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
039487E7FFC3FFAFFF2879579943FA39.text	039487E7FFC3FFAFFF2879579943FA39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Markia sarriai Cadena-Castaneda	<div><p>Markia sarriai Cadena-Castañeda, n. sp.</p><p>(Plate 6; Plate 8 figs. K and L)</p><p>Diagnosis— Fastigium slightly tilted caudad. Pronotal spines of similar lengths and not exceeding the length of the fastigium. Dorsal spines of the anterior tibia at the tympanum longer than longitudinal extension of the tympanum. Tegmina with vertically truncated apex. Male cerci with external branch strongly curved inward, the internal branch with slightly curved and sclerotized apex with small denticulations.</p><p>Holotype— 3 Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Bajo Anchicayá, 270 m. 1978. (MUV).</p><p>Description</p><p>Head: Scapus unarmed and 2.5 times as long as the pedicellus. Thorax. Pronotum: with two fairly short and laterally little-flattened spines. Both spines as long as fastigium. Metazonal spine in lateral view almost twice as wide as prozonal spine and with sharply pointed apex. Legs: fore femur cylindrical, armed with two ventral spinules. Fore tibia with square cross section and two dorsal spines below the tympanum, ventral margin with four spinules. Middle femur with three ventral spines; spines of middle tibia organized as follows: one on the ventrointernal margin and two on the ventro-external margin. Hind femur slender and laterally flattened, ventro-external margin armed with five well-developed spines, which increase in size from proximal to distal region, ventrointernal margin with four spines with the same characteristics as the previously mentioned ones. Tegmina apex truncated vertically. Abdomen tenth tergite without modification. Male cerci pilose, external branch sharply curved, internal branch with a denticulate plate on the apex. Male subgenital plate with broad base, narrowed toward the apex, with a v-shaped emargination. Styli cilindrical, as long as emargination deep.</p><p>PLATE 6. Markia sarriai Cadena-Castañeda n. sp. Male habitus (A); head and pronotum in lateral view (B) and dorsal view (D), Cerci in lateral view (C); pronotum in dorsal view (E). Scale bars 5 mm.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Measurements (mm): Total length: 50, Pronotum: 8.2, Tegmina: 36, Fore femur: 8, Fore tibia: 10, Middle femur: 12, Middle tibia: 14, Hind femur: 26, Hind tibia: 32, Subgenital plate: 2, Cerci: 2.3. Etymology: Named in honor of Fabio Sarria Sarria for his hospitality and courtesy during the visit to the entomological collection of the Universidad del Valle.</p><p>PLATE 7. Markia spp. (Female). Ovipositor and subgenital plate respectively. A and B Markia erinaceus n. sp.; C and D Markia hystrix; E and F Markia major .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487E7FFC3FFAFFF2879579943FA39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. (2013): The tribe Dysoniini part II: The genus Markia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae), new species and some clarifications. Zootaxa 3599 (6): 501-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.1
