identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03948C501B0F4B62C2A9DE777130FCEF.text	03948C501B0F4B62C2A9DE777130FCEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnosporia emarginata (Willdenow 1798) Thwaites 1864	<div><p>Gymnosporia emarginata (Willdenow) Thwaites (1864: 409)</p><p>≡ Celastrus emarginatus Willdenow (1798: 1128)</p><p>≡ Maytenus emarginatus (Willdenow) Ding Hou (1963: 241)</p><p>Lectotype (designated here):— INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Tranquebar, Klein, s.n. (B, B-W 04752-02 0) (Fig. 1); isolectotypes: [B, B-W 04752- 01 0; HAL, HAL0145906; LECB, LECB0001906].</p><p>Notes: In search of original material for Celastrus emarginatus from ‘ India orientali ’ we were able to locate two specimens in B (B-W 04752-01 0 &amp; B-W 04752-02 0), and one each in HAL and LECB that qualify here as syntypes (McNeill 2014). Jordaan &amp; van Wyk (2003) pointed only the B specimen (Herb. Willdenow 4752) as a holotype, which is superseded here.</p><p>Both the specimens at B can be easily identifiable as Willdenow’s collection due to a “W.” mark at the bottom right corner of the sheets (Eckardt &amp; Hiepko 1970), which was written by D.F.K. von Schlechtendal [pers. comm. Katharina Rabe, Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, Berlin]. The specimen folder (B-W 04752-00 0) is labelled with similar details concordant with the protologue and the label inside of the specimen folder reads “Klein Ind. 1795. W” [“Klein” refers to the collector Johann Gottfried Klein, “Ind.” refers to the locality, India, and “1795” probably refers to the year when Willdenow obtained the specimen]. Klein was a missionary botanist who collected plants from the Tranquebar, southern India (Burkill 1953). He used to send many of the plant materials collected from southern India and Sri Lanka to Willdenow at Berlin (Stansfield 1957). The label also reads “Kattanschi Mullu” [probably wild thorny shrub in Tamil].</p><p>The specimens in HAL and LECB were found to be duplicates, which were received from Willdenow [pers. comm. Katharina Rabe, BGBM, Berlin]. This could be seen on the left bottom corner label of HAL specimen (HAL0145906), which reads “ Celastrus emarginatus ” | “Indie orient” [India oriental] | “W. det” [Willdenow determined]. LECB specimen (LECB0001096) has a similar label as in the preceding specimen. The specimen in B (B-W 04752-02 0) bears flowers as well as fruits and is designated here as lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03948C501B0F4B62C2A9DE777130FCEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bhat, Abhishek T.;Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta;Rana, Tikam Singh	Bhat, Abhishek T., Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta, Rana, Tikam Singh (2024): Lectotypification of four names in the genus Gymnosporia (Celastraceae). Phytotaxa 645 (3): 286-293, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.8
03948C501B0D4B62C2A9DA097342FA57.text	03948C501B0D4B62C2A9DA097342FA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnosporia rufa (Wallich) Hooker f. 1865	<div><p>Gymnosporia rufa (Wallich) Hooker f. (1865: 17)</p><p>≡ Celastrus rufus Wallich (in Roxburgh 1824: 397)</p><p>≡ Maytenus rufa (Wallich) H. Hara (1965: 327)</p><p>Lectotype (designated here):— NEPAL [as NEPALIA], 1821, Wallich Cat. no. 4309a (K, K001038681) (Fig. 2); isolectotypes: [A, A00049675, BM, BM000838984, C, CAL, CAL0000066376–77, 81, CGE, CGE00080099, E, E 00301194– 96, GH, GH02462084, GH, GH02463721, MICH, MICH-V-1104444, NY, NY00337331, OXF, OXF00140908–09, P, P00499879, S, S11-17212, W, W0215374].</p><p>Notes: Celastrus rufa [ rufus] is based on two gatherings, “ Common in the forests of the valley of Nipal [Nepal] and “I have also found it at Tambakan [Indonesia]” (Wallich in Roxburgh 1824). We traced a total of 20 Wallich collection of C. rufus from Nepal housed at A, BM, CAL, C, CGE, E, GH, K, MICH, NY, OXF, P, S and W that all regarded here as syntypes (McNeill 2014). But our efforts to trace the Tambakan specimens were all in vain [perhaps Wallich might have observed the plant at Tambakan but might not have collected it. If he had collected, then he would have included that gathering in his catalogue]. The specimen at K (K001038681) and CAL (CAL0000066376) maintained with flowers, fruits, and the original field label in Wallich’s handwriting, of which the former specimen is selected here as lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03948C501B0D4B62C2A9DA097342FA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bhat, Abhishek T.;Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta;Rana, Tikam Singh	Bhat, Abhishek T., Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta, Rana, Tikam Singh (2024): Lectotypification of four names in the genus Gymnosporia (Celastraceae). Phytotaxa 645 (3): 286-293, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.8
03948C501B0D4B62C2A9DC91731BF88B.text	03948C501B0D4B62C2A9DC91731BF88B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnosporia rufa var. latifolia H. H. Haines 1921	<div><p>Gymnosporia rufa (Wallich) Hooker f. var. latifolia H.H. Haines (1921: 188)</p><p>≡ Maytenus rufa var. latifolia (H.H.Haines) H.B.Naithani &amp; S.Biswas (1990: 94) .</p><p>Lectotype (designated here):— INDIA. Bihar, Ramnagar Forest in valleys, Sameshwar hills, November 1916, H.H. Haines, 3967 (K, K001325922) (Fig. 3); isolectotype: [ABD, ABDUH:8/234].</p><p>Notes: Haines (1921) described G. rufa var. latifolia based on his collections from Ravines in the Sameshwar Hills, Bihar and differentiated from the G. rufa based on the broader leaves. We could trace two specimens referred to in the protologue, one housed in K (K001325922) and another in ABD (ABDUH:8/234). Both specimens have a handwritten label as “3967. Gymnosporia rufa | Ramnagar Forests in valleys. B. &amp; O.| November 1916 ” [Ravines in the Sameshwar Hills are part of the Ramnagar Forest, Bihar]. The specimen housed in K (K001325922) is with fruits and is designated here as lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03948C501B0D4B62C2A9DC91731BF88B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bhat, Abhishek T.;Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta;Rana, Tikam Singh	Bhat, Abhishek T., Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta, Rana, Tikam Singh (2024): Lectotypification of four names in the genus Gymnosporia (Celastraceae). Phytotaxa 645 (3): 286-293, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.8
03948C501B0D4B66C2A9DEE570B2FD5E.text	03948C501B0D4B66C2A9DEE570B2FD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnosporia wallichiana (Sprengel 1828) M. A. Lawson 1875	<div><p>Gymnosporia wallichiana (Sprengel) M.A. Lawson (1875: 621)</p><p>≡ Celastrus wallichianus Sprengel (1828: 150)</p><p>≡ Maytenus wallichiana (Sprengel) D.C.S. Raju &amp; Babu (1969: 349)</p><p>Lectotype (designated here):— INDIA, Madras Presidency, Travancore, Wallich Cat. no. 4304D (K, K001038668); isolectotype: [K, K000669816].</p><p>Notes: Celastrus rigida [ rigidus] Wallich (in Roxburgh 1824: 396), was a later homonym of C. rigidus Thunberg (1818: 124) . Sprengel (1828), thus provided a replacement name to the former as C. wallichianus Sprengel. The plant was introduced into the Honorary Company’s botanic garden by Dr. A. Berry in 1811 and was brought from Travancore. Along with this, Wallich also mentions seeing a specimen at Heyne’s Herbarium determined up to the genus level. However, it’s quite evident from the Wallich Catalogue [page. 60] that he received the specimens from peninsular India including Heyne’s collection in the year 1829. This means when Wallich described Celastrus rigidus he would not have had the Heyne’s specimen with him [pers. comm. Dr. Mark Watson, RBGE, UK]. Hence, the HBC [Hortus Botanicus Calcuttensis] specimens could be the original material for typification.</p><p>We were able to locate original material of Gymnosporia wallichiana in K (K000669816 &amp; K001038668). Both are regarded here as syntypes. The specimen K000669816 is just a fragment with few leaves and flowers along with two other gatherings [4304B and 4304C]. Another sheet (K001038668) contains three well-preserved flowering twigs from HBC gathering and is selected here as lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03948C501B0D4B66C2A9DEE570B2FD5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bhat, Abhishek T.;Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta;Rana, Tikam Singh	Bhat, Abhishek T., Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta, Rana, Tikam Singh (2024): Lectotypification of four names in the genus Gymnosporia (Celastraceae). Phytotaxa 645 (3): 286-293, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.8
