taxonID	type	description	language	source
0394D665BE37FFA1FF3C53AC22D4ED9A.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE37FFA1FF3C53AC22D4ED9A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Atyphella costata (Lea) by monotypy.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE37FFA1FF3C53AC22D4ED9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Aquilonia is distinguished most obviously by its dorsal colour pattern, which is approached in the study area by two species of Gilvainsula gen. n., and Pygatyphella russellia sp. n. It differs from Gilvainsula gen. n. by the parallel-sided elytra and pronotum, and the toothed apical segment of labial palpi, and from Pygat. russellia by the absence of an arched V 7 posterior to the LO, and tergite 8 lacking any median ridges. It differs from most Atyphella by its distinctive dorsal colour, the subparallel-sided pronotum, pronotal width subequal to that of elytral humerus, [two features it shares with A. inconspicua], and it shares with most species of Lloydiella gen. n. an aedeagal complex pattern with lateral lobes not divergent along their dorsal length and their inner preapical margins obliquely truncate, while differing in the colour pattern Male. Pronotum (Ballantyne & Lambkin 2000: Fig. 1 h) dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum subparallel-sided; pronotal width subequal to humeral width. Anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half subparallel-sided; lateral margins in posterior half subparallel-sided; lateral margins lacking indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; subparallel-sided margins straight; lacking indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse; posterolateral corners project as far as median posterior margin and separated from it by shallow emarginations. Hypomera closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated in vertical direction; anterior area of hypomeron not flat, posterior area flat, closely adpressed or not; pronotal width / GHW index 1.4 – 1.5. Elytron punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extend beyond mid-point, almost to apex but not as ridge around apex, neither thickened in apical half; 2 interstitial lines (1, 2) not exceeding suture; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from below epipleuron at elytral base wide, covering humerus, viewed from above epipleuron arises anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as a lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided. Head moderately depressed between eyes; well exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, lacking median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, separated by up to ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when head viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi non-lunate, strongly flattened, of form of wide triangle, with inner edge dentate (2 teeth). Antennae 11 segmented; length> GHW to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel. Legs with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen (Ballantyne & Lambkin 2000 Fig. 3 d, e) lacking cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V 7 entire occupying more than half V 7, reaching to sides but not posterior margin [Ballantyne & Lambkin (2000 Fig 3 g) illustrated V 7 withdrawn beneath V 6 thus the full extent of V 7 and lateral margins of LO not fully visible]; posterior half of V 7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; neither anterior nor posterior margin of LO emarginate; LO present in V 6, occupying almost all V 6. MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded, entire, not laterally compressed, L = W, not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T 8 apex, lacking dorsal ridge, median longitudinal trough. V 7 lacking median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, PLP, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘ dimple’, or reflexed lobes. T 7 lacking prolonged posterolateral corners. T 8 not strongly sclerotised, symmetrical, W = L, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, lacking prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V 7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V 7; T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs, median longitudinal trough, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T 8 very short, not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, lacking bifurcation of inner margin and ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T 8 not enfolding sides of V 7. Aedeagal sheath never> 4 times as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; asymmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite emarginated on right from point of attachment of tergite; sternite not angulate on L or R sides, not subparallel-sided, posterior margin entire, rounded, not emarginated on either side preapically, apex rounded; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite lacking lateral arms extending anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite not subdivided, lacking projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9, anterior margin lacking transverse band. Aedeagus L / W 3 / 1 or shorter; subparallel-sided; LL lack lateral appendages; LL visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL / ML wide to moderate; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML, not diverging along inner dorsal margins, separated there by> half their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is narrower than that of ML; LL apices not expanded in horizontal plane; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated, median margin prolonged, broadly rounded; LL lacking lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, not produced preapically nor narrowly on inner apical margin, obliquely truncate along preapical inner margins; apices of LL not inturned, nor out – turned; lacking projection on left LL; inner margins lacking slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, lacking paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not shaped like arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP not very narrow, not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin. Female. Macropterous and observed in flight. Pronotum lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotum subequal to humeral width; lacking indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner; outline similar to that of male. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum, nor evenly spaced; 2 interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and / or curved. LO in V 6 only, lacking any elevations or depressions or ridges on V 7. Larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE37FFA1FF3C53AC22D4ED9A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Aquilonia (feminine, from aquilonius Latin, northern) describes the northerly distribution in Australia of the single known species.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE37FFA1FF3C53AC22D4ED9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Aquilonia gen. n. is known from one Australian species, which is unusual in its distribution (restricted to the northern tropical areas in open forest), and its colour. While the dorsal colour pattern of light brown to yellow / orange, often with elytral apices black, is widespread in Asia, it is rare in Australia and New Guinea and seen only in this species, two species of Gilvainsula gen. n., and Pygatyphella russellia sp. n. No Asian species with this colouration investigated thus far (Ballantyne work in progress) conforms with A. costata.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE31FFA1FF3C54B4232BEBCC.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE31FFA1FF3C54B4232BEBCC.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 14.44 S 131.08 E, Flora River, IX. 1912, Spencer (MV). Material examined. AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 14.30 S, 132.15 E, 3 km SSW Katherine, 12. XI. 1979 T Weir, 2 males (ANIC).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE31FFA1FF3C54B4232BEBCC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males 7.7 – 9.7 mm long; the only reliably recorded Australian firefly with dorsal yellow / orange colouration and black elytral apices. Luciola dejeani Gemminger has similar colouration but is probably not Australian and appears close to Luciola chinensis (Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000: 59). Larvae unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE31FFA3FF3C510626BDEB22.taxon	description	(Figs 5 – 8, 108 – 114)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE31FFA3FF3C510626BDEB22.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Luciola circumdata (Motsch.)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE31FFA3FF3C510626BDEB22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal surface, especially shape of pronotum, similar to many Atyphella; colour very like C. wolfi from above; distinguished from all other Luciolinae by the asymmetrical tergite 8 which is emarginate on its right side (Fig. 7). Male. Pronotum (Fig. 5) dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas, longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum wider across posterior area than rest, pronotal width greater than humeral width. Anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent; lateral margins in posterior half diverge then converge with rounded convergence; lacking indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; lacking indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners rounded; rounded corners obtuse, posterolateral corners project as far as or beyond median posterior margin, separated from it by shallow emargination. Hypomera closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated vertically; anterior area of hypomeron not flattened, posterior area of hypomeron widely flattened and strongly adpressed; pronotal width / GHW index 1.6. Elytron (Fig. 5) punctation dense, not linear, not as large as pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extending beyond mid-point almost to apex, not extending as ridge around apex; no expansion of epipleuron or sutural ridge in apical half; 2 interstitial lines, inner two do not exceed suture; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from beneath epipleuron at elytral base wide, covers humerus; viewed from above arises anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of their length in closed elytra; lateral margins convex – sided. Head (Fig. 6) moderately depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close to moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, with no median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous and separated by <ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when head viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi nonlunate, strongly flattened, wide triangular shape with inner edge dentate. Antennae 11 segmented; length> GHW to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel; in very short antennae FS may be subequal in length and width. Legs (Fig. 6) with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen (Figs 6, 7, 108 – 111) lacking cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V 7 entire or bipartite, reaching to sides but not to posterior margin; both entire and bipartite LO occupying most of V 7; anterior margin of entire LO in V 7 narrowly medially emarginate; posterior half of V 7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible here; LO present in V 6, occupying almost all V 6. MPP present, symmetrical or asymmetrical; medially shallowly emarginate or not; non-emarginate MPP apex rounded, entire; not laterally compressed, short or L = W, slightly inclined dorsally, sometimes engulfed by T 8 apex, lacking dorsal ridge, dorsal median longitudinal trough. V 7 lacking median carina, PLP, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘ dimple’, or reflexed lobes; V 7 with median longitudinal trough between halves of bipartite LO, anteromedian face of entire LO with narrow longitudinal depression. T 7 lacking prolonged posterolateral corners. T 8 strongly sclerotised, asymmetrical, emarginated on right side, L> W, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, lacking prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior emargination, median posterior projections; inclining ventrally, engulfing MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V 7. T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs, median longitudinal trough, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; T 8 with concealed anterolateral arms as long as visible posterior portion of T 8, narrow in horizontal plane and expanded dorsoventrally, not laterally emarginated before their origins, apices lacking bifurcation of inner margin and bases lacking ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T 8 not enfolding sides of V 7. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 115 – 117) never> 4 times as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; symmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite subparallel-sided along length; sternite not angulate on L or R sides, posterior area not evenly emarginated on either side preapically, posterior margin of sternite broadly and slightly asymmetrically emarginated; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite lateral arms extending narrowly anteriorly to sides of sheath sternite; tergite not subdivided, lacking projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9, anterior margin of tergite darker than rest with lateral margins narrowly darker (wider and slightly longer on right side). Aedeagus (Figs 112 – 114) L / W 3 / 1; LL lacking lateral appendages, visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL / ML wide; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML, diverging along inner margins, separated there by> half their length; LL base width not = LL apex width; LL apex width subequal to ML width; LL apices not expanded horizontally; dorsal base of LL asymmetrical, not excavated, anterior margin prolonged to left; LL lacking lateral hairy appendages along outer ventral margins, margins not produced preapically nor narrowly on inner apical margin, not obliquely truncate along preapical inner margins; apices of LL not inturned, or out – turned; lacking projection on left LL only; inner margins lacking slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, lacking paired lateral teeth, tooth to left side; not strongly arched, apex not shaped like arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP hooded, not very narrow, not strongly sclerotised, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin. Female. Macropterous in As. ovalis (Fig. 14), assumed capable of flight. Pronotum lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotum> humeral width; indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner, absent; outline similar to male. Elytral punctation not as large as pronotum nor evenly spaced; 2 interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and / or curved. LO in V 6 only, V 7 lacking any elevations, depressions or ridges. Larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE31FFA3FF3C510626BDEB22.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Asymmetricata is a feminine noun latinised from the English word asymmetrical. If the last two syllables (at-a) are pronounced with the first ‘ a’ sounded ‘ ay’ (as in hay), then the generic name aptly evokes the distinguishing feature of an asymmetrical tergite 8.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE31FFA3FF3C510626BDEB22.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ballantyne included representatives of all recognised species groups within the Luciolinae for this analysis, including these species. The Atyphella complex was shown to be paraphyletic, with the clear separation of these two species from Atyphella. This new genus is however based on a very restricted treatment and hindered by lack of specimens, and Ballantyne’s inability to borrow type material of L. ovalis. Ballantyne (1987 b) described the asymmetrical T 8 in males in Luciola circumdata and suggested the aedeagus would have to be extracted dorsally. This feature is doubtless more widespread than this restricted treatment allows, and it is probable that L. impressa Olivier and L. humeralis Walker belong here.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE33FF9CFF3C510C2741EBBA.taxon	description	(Figs 5, 6, 8, 108, 109, 112 – 117)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE33FF9CFF3C510C2741EBBA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female. ‘ Indes orientales’ [A. N. Severtzov Institute of Animal Morphology, Moscow] (examined by, and abdomen drawn by Mrs E. Davydova). Material examined. THAILAND: 8.59 N, 99.06 E, nr Ban Bang Pla, off Rt 8091, SW Kathun Baen, 29. vi. 1980, J E Lloyd, S Wing, male (T 8043) (Lloyd). 9.57 N, 98.38 E, Ranong, Queen Sirikit Park, 10. v. 1997, P. Sommartya, 3 males (ANIC). 13.32 N, 100.16 E, Samut Sakhon rt 35 just W jct 3097, 7. viii. 1980, J E Lloyd, male (T 8062) (Lloyd). 15.42 N, 100.08 E, Nakhon Sawan Bung Boraphet, 11. vi. 1997, S. Divasiri, male (ANIC). Chomlong, 18. v. 1961, K. Iwata, male (ANIC). CAMBODIA: Cheko, 13. iii. 1965, K Yoshikawa, 2 males (ANIC).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE33FF9CFF3C510C2741EBBA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of two Asymmetricata species with orange pronotum, and dark brown elytra with orange margins; distinguished from the similar A. ovalis by the entire LO in V 7 (that of ovalis is bipartite). Very similar in colouration and dorsal facies to that of Convexa wolfi, distinguished by the asymmetrical tergite 8 (that of C. wolfi is symmetrical). Male redescription. 11.2 – 12.2 mm long; 4.5 – 5.2 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour: (Figs 5, 6) Pronotum, MS, MN and sutural, apical and lateral margins of elytra orange, rest of elytra, head, antennae and palpi dark brown; irregular retraction of fat body under pronotum may confuse interpretation of colour; ventral surface of thorax, and legs, orange except for dark brown tibiae and tarsi; abdominal V 2 – 5 very dark brown, LO white; MPP slightly yellow; tergites 7, 8 yellow, semitransparent, rest mottled mid-brown. Pronotum: 2.2 – 2.7 mm long, 4.0 – 4.7 mm wide; W / L 1.7 – 1.8; area between anterior and posterior hypomeron slightly angulate. Elytra: convex-sided, 9.0 – 9.5 mm long, 4 interstitial lines visible, inner two approach suture in height, outer two not as well – defined. Head: GHW 2.4 – 2.5 mm; SIW 0.4 – 0.5 mm; SIW / GHW 1 / 5 – 1 / 6; ASD subequal to ASW; frons-vertex junction rounded, frons about 1 x ASW high. Abdomen: (Figs 6, 108, 109) narrow anteromedian depression of LO in V 7 not visible in some pinned specimens where segments have contracted lengthwise; fine median longitudinal depression along anterior ¾ length of ventral face of LO in Cheko, Chomlong and Ranong males; LO entire in V 6, 7; apex of MPP slightly asymmetrical, entire, appears broadly truncate from beneath.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE33FF9CFF3C510C2741EBBA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Published accounts of association of males to this species have been unreliable, and identification of these specimens as circumdata is based on the distinctive colour pattern, and the difference in LO structure from L. ovalis (where it is bipartite). Motschulsky (1854) described a female from ‘ Indes orientales’. Mrs E Davydova, late of the Severtzov Institute Moscow, examined the type (and single specimen) of L circumdata, indicated the size (12 mm), and her drawing (with LB) of the terminal abdominal ventrites confirmed a female. Olivier (1885) assigned a single male (from ‘ Birmanie’), which he associated with a similarly coloured female. He did not describe the V 7 LO shape, but his description of the two terminal ventrites as ‘ blanc de cire’ probably indicated an entire LO. Bourgeois (1890) assigned a male (without a LO description), and female and indicated a wide range (Burma, Thailand and Cambodia). McDermott (1964: 44) considered the last ventral segment of the abdomen ‘ cleft’ in L. ovalis (probably a reference to the bipartite light organs) but not so “ in the very similar L. circumdata Motsch. ” The possibility that some form of gradation from entire to at least partially bipartite LO could be investigated when more specimens are available (the median depression on V 7 in some specimens gives the impression that the LO is bipartite when it is not).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE0CFF9DFF3C5294204BEB0A.taxon	description	(Figs 7, 110, 111) Lampyris ovalis Hope, in Gray, 1831: 26.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE0CFF9DFF3C5294204BEB0A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. ‘ Nepaul’ (NHML). Material examined. INDIA: 27.04 N, 88.28 E, Western Bengal, Kalimpong, Bombasti area, vii – viii. 1992, R. Kumar male, female (ANIC).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE0CFF9DFF3C5294204BEB0A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Most obviously distinguished from the similarly coloured A. circumdata by the bipartite LO. Male redescription. 11.9 mm long; 5.0 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour: Pronotum, MS, MN, sutural, apical and lateral margins of elytra orange, rest of elytra dark brown except for slightly lighter brown interstitial line 2; irregular retraction of fat body under pronotum may confuse interpretation of colour; head, antennae and palpi dark brown; ventral surface of thorax, and legs orange except for dark brown tibiae, tarsi; V 2 – 5 very dark brown, LO white except for slightly yellow area between LO halves; MPP yellow; T 7, 8 yellow, semitransparent, rest mottled mid-brown. Pronotum: 2.1 mm long, 4.2 mm wide; W / L 2.0; area between anterior and posterior hypomeron slightly angulate. Elytra: convex-sided, 9.8 mm long, 4 interstitial lines visible, inner two approach suture, outer two not as well – defined. Head GHW 2.4 mm; SIW 0.3 mm; SIW / GHW 1 / 8; ASD less than ASW, sockets close not contiguous; frons-vertex junction rounded, frons about 1 x ASW high. Abdomen: (Figs 7, 110 – 111) LO bipartite; apex of MPP narrowing slightly and rounded. Female. (Fig. 8) Macropterous. 11.8 mm long; coloured as for male except for creamy white (LO) V 6 and yellowish, semitransparent V 7, 8. Pronotal outline as for male. Head of winged female form. V 7 depressed transversely across median area (may be post – mortem effect) and posterior margin mainly straight except for broad shallow median emargination; V 8 with shallow median emargination; T 8 with rounded posterior margin.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE0CFF9DFF3C5294204BEB0A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Hope’s (1831) five word description indicated dorsal colouration consistent with that described here for both Asymmetricata species. The type series of L. ovalis was examined by LB in 1993, the LO in V 7 confirmed as bipartite and length of specimens slightly shorter (9 – 10 mm. long). It has not been possible to reexamine the type series for this study. If we accept that males of L. circumdata have an entire LO in V 7 then Gorham (1880) incorrectly synonymised ovalis with circumdata. He also incorrectly attributed V 7 (with median longitudinal ‘ cleft’) to the segment in front, and thought the area posterior to the LO, including the prolonged MPP, was another segment. He recorded the species from India. Gorham (1895) indicated an even wider range (NW India to Burma and Sumatra) and confirmed his original identification. Since Olivier (1890 – 91) also synonymised ovalis and circumdata it is probable that this reference to ovalis is actually to circumdata. McDermott (1962: 24, Fig. 21) briefly described and figured male terminal abdomen of L. ovalis with clearly bipartite LO in V 7, but did not indicate any asymmetry of tergite 8. McDermott (1964) described the last ventral segment in L. ovalis as ‘ cleft’ and was probably referring to the bipartite LO. Clearly this preliminary treatment with few specimens highlights the need for further investigation to confirm these identifications, and to clarify whether the LO is so variable that it exists in a range from entire with median cleft through to totally bipartite.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE0DFF9BFF3C52DE238FEB22.taxon	description	(Figs 9 – 11, 35, 78, 79, 83 – 85, 118 – 179)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE0DFF9BFF3C52DE238FEB22.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Atyphella lychnus Olliff, 1890.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE0DFF9BFF3C52DE238FEB22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of Australian species, and A. scabra, with anterior hypomeron flat to neck, and posterior area flattened and strongly adpressed; non-Australian species lack the flat anterior hypomeron; epipleuron either continuing around elytral apex as a ridge (Figs 9 – 11, 79, 83, 118, 119, 122 – 125, 127 – 129, 169, 170) or not; frons-vertex junction rounded, or angulate (Figs 84, 85); mouthparts functional or not; apical segment of labial palpi either strongly flattened, with inner margin dentate, or ovoid with inner margin entire; aedeagal sheath with posterior area of sternite emarginate on its right side from attachment of tergite. Distinguished most obviously from Aquilonia and Gilvainsula by their distinctive pale dorsal colouration; lacking the asymmetrical tergite 8 of Asymmetricata; differing from Convexa and Magnalata which have distinctive dark elytra often with pale margins; lacking the dorsal colour pattern, shape of aedeagus and hooded basal piece of Lloydiella, and lacking the arched V 7 with LO retracted to anterior half or less characteristic of Pygatyphella. Females (Figs 130 – 136) either macropterous or exhibiting varying degrees of brachelytry. Larvae with laterally explanate tergal margins concealing laterotergites from above. Male. Pronotum dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum (Figs 9, 11, 84, 85, 118, 122 – 129, 137 – 139, 142, 144, 147, 150 – 152, 154, 157 – 159,166 – 169, 177, 178) usually wider across posterior area than rest, subparallel-sided in inconspicua, some immaculata; pronotal width usually greater than humeral width, subequal to humeral width in aphrogeneia, guerini, inconspicua, lewisi and similis. Anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent, or subparallel-sided in inconspicua (Fig. 125); lateral margins in posterior half either subparallel-sided in inconspicua and some immaculata (Fig. 127), or diverge along their length in similis some dalmatia sp. n. (Fig. 147) and some immaculata, or diverge then converge with rounded convergence (( Figs 78, 84, 123, 129, 147, 158, 159, 166, 169, 177); lacking indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; subparallel-sided margins straight; lacking indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners rounded or angulate; rounded corners obtuse, <90 °; in dalmatia sp. n.; angulate corners approximately 90 ° and inclined at right angles, or obliquely, to median line; posterolateral corners either not projecting as far as median posterior margin (aphrogeneia), or projecting as far as or beyond it and separated from it by a shallow emargination except in some aphrogeneia. Hypomera closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated vertically; anterior, and posterior areas of hypomeron narrowly to widely flat to side of head in Australian species and A scabra (Fig. 84, 178); anterior area of hypomeron not flattened in remainder; posterior area of hypomeron widely flattened in remainder (Fig. 84) except for some aphrogeneia and inconspicua where it is narrow; flattened areas closely adpressed except for some aphrogeneia; pronotal width / GHW index 1.6 except for inconspicua (1.2), and 1.4 – 1.5 in some aphrogeneia and immaculata. Elytron punctation usually dense (Figs 123, 125, 126 – 129, 137, 138, 144, 150, 153, 154, 167, 177), sparse in aphrogeneia (Fig. 118); punctation not linear, not as large as pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extend beyond mid-point, may extend as ridge around apex without any further expansion of either, or apical half of both epipleuron, sutural ridge, and elytral apex expanded in aphrogeneia; ridge around apex of elytron may be visible from beneath; 0, 2, 3 or 4 interstitial lines, inner two exceed height of suture in scabra only; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from beneath epipleuron at elytral base wide, covers humerus from below; in specimen viewed from above arises anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of their length in closed elytra except in aphrogeneia where they diverge in apical half; lateral margins parallel-sided or convex. Head moderately to strongly depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity except in lychnus, monteithi and scintillans; eyes close to moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close (moderately separated in some dalmatia sp. n.,); frons-vertex ‘ junction’ rounded or acute (Fig. 84), with median elevation in conspicua only (Ballantyne & Lambkin 2000 Fig. 2 f); posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, contiguous or separated by up to ASW;, clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when head viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional or not; apical segment of labial palpi non – lunate, either strongly flattened, shaped either like a wide to narrow triangle, with inner edge irregular (guerini) or dentate; or narrow triangle with L> W; or not flattened and ovoid, as long as or longer than wide. Antennae 11 segmented, sometimes less; length subequal to GHW – twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel; in very short antennae FS may be subequal in length and width. Legs with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen lacking cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V 7 usually entire, bipartite in scabra (Fig. 178, 179; restricted to anterolateral plaques), kirakira sp. n. (Fig. 142, 143), and possibly lewisi where it is not possible to determine its extent; either reaching both to sides and posterior margin in olivieri and testaceolineata, or reaching only sides; entire LO in V 7 occupies most of V 7; bipartite LO occupies> half V 7; neither anterior nor posterior margin of entire LO in V 7 emarginate; posterior half of V 7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; LO present in V 6, entire and occupying almost all V 6 except in scabra where it is restricted to anterolateral plaques. MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded, (except narrow and pointed, or rounded in scabra), entire, not laterally compressed, short, not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T 8 apex, lacking dorsal ridge and median longitudinal trough. V 7 lacking median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, incurving lobes, pointed projections, median ‘ dimple’, or reflexed lobes and PLP (inconsistent development of this area in scabra could be postmortem change). T 7 lacking prolonged posterolateral corners. T 8 not strongly sclerotised, often subparallel-sided, symmetrical, W = L or W> L, visible posterior area does not narrow abruptly, lacking prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V 7 nor MPP, extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V 7 in scabra only; T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs, median longitudinal trough, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T 8 either absent (in scabra), or very short and narrow, or elongate but not as long as visible posterior portion of T 8, and narrow; not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, apices lacking bifurcation of inner margin, bases lacking ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T 8 not enfolding sides of V 7. Ballantyne and Lambkin 2000, 2001, 2006 Present composition Luciolinae Luciolinae Luciola s str. (Clade 1) includes: Missimia gen. n. • L. italica (type species) Presently unassigned (Node 1 Luciola cruciata – L. owadai) • L. dejeani Presently unassigned (Node 2 L. leii – L. ficta) • Lampyroidea sp. Presently unassigned (Node 4 L. substriata J – L. substriata A) • Bourgeoisia sp. Pygoluciola Wittmer (Node 9 Pyg hamulata – Pyg wittmeri) • L. (Hotaria) parvula Photuroluciola Pic Luciola (Clade 2) Curtos Motschulsky (Node 37 okinawanus – costipennis) • Luciola sp. (Australian species) Presently unassigned (Node 35 L. australis – L. pupilla) • Pteroptyx Pteroptyx Olivier sensu latu (Node 28 P. platygaster – P effulgens) • Pyrophanes Colophotia Dejean (Node 24 concolor – plagiata) • Colophotia Pyrophanes Olivier (Node 21 beccarii – quadrimaculata) Atyphella Olliff Pteroptyx s. str. (Node 18 L. sp MFC – truncata) Pygoluciola Wittmer Luciola Laporte s str. (Node 6 dejeani – antipoda) Curtos Motschulsky Aquilonia gen. n. (Node 5 costata) Gilvainsula gen. n. (Node 47 messoria – similismessoria) Magnalata gen. n. (Node 55 carolinae – rennellia) Asymmetricata gen. n.. (Node 52 circumdata – ovalis) Convexa gen. n.. (Node 51 wolfi) Lloydiella gen. n. (Node 50 uberia – wareo) Atyphella Olliff (Node 78 aphrogeneia – similis) Pygatyphella (Ballantyne) (Node 3 wisselmerenia – nabiria) Aedeagal sheath (Figs 121, 145, 148, 170, 171, 181 – 183) never> 4 times as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; asymmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite emarginated on right side from point of attachment of tergite; sternite not angulate on L or R sides, not subparallel-sided, posterior margin apically entire and rounded except for short rounded median projection in scabra (Figs 182, 183); not emarginated on either side preapically; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite lacking lateral arms extending anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite not subdivided, lacking projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9; anterior margin tergite 9 lacking transverse band. Aedeagus (Ballantyne & Lambkin 2000 Fig. 5 in part) Figs 120, 145, 146, 148, 149, 160 – 165, 172 – 174, 184, 185) L / W 3 / 1 or shorter; LL lack lateral appendages, visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL / ML moderate; LL of equal length, subequal to or slightly longer or shorter than ML, diverging or not along inner margins, separated there by> half their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is subequal to or narrower than ML; LL apices not expanded horizontally; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated, if median margin prolonged then either broadly rounded, broadly truncate, pointed entire, or pointed, medially emarginate; LL lacking lateral hairy appendages along outer ventral margins, which are not produced preapically, nor narrowly on inner apical margin, and not obliquely truncate along their preapical inner margins except for palauensis and dalmatia sp. n.; apices of LL not inturned, may be out – turned with apex rounded; lacking projection on left LL only; inner margins lacking slender leaf-like projection. ML symmetrical, lacking paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not shaped like arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP not very narrow, not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, usually in two pieces and not strongly emarginated along anterior margin. Female (Figs 130 – 136, 155, 156). Pronotum lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense, sparse in lewisi and conspicua; pronotum> humeral width in macropterous females; lacking indentation of lateral margin, and irregularities at posterolateral corner. Elytral punctation not as large as pronotum nor evenly spaced. Atyphella females of four forms (Figs 130 – 136): 1. Macropterous, capable of flight; head of winged female form. 2. Fore wings cover most if not all of (gravid) female abdomen; hind wings shortened, may be about ¾ as long as fore wings (flammans and lychnus) (Figs 130, 131), head of wingless female form, pronotum with laterally divergent margins in at least anterior half. 3. Fore wings cover body but hind wings absent (atra); head, eyes and pronotal shape as for 2. 4. Brachelytral females with very short or vestigial hind wings (Figs 132 – 136), head and eyes same form as 2, pronotum subparallel-sided in conspicua, inconspicua and lewisi, pronotal margins diverge posteriorly in scintillans and similis. 0, 2, 3 or 4 interstitial lines (0, 2 or 4 in macropterous females; 3 in atra which lacks hind wings); elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and / or curved. LO in V 6 only, lacking any elevations or depressions or ridges on V 7. Larva (Ballantyne & Lambkin 2000 Figs 7, 12, 15). Terrestrial; tergal plates sclerotised to margins, lateral tergal margins explanate, finely margined or thickened, may be ridge-like, covering laterotergites from above; arrangement of plates on ventral aspect of thorax and abdomen like that described (Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000; Ballantyne & Menayah, 2002). Protergum L = W or W> L in aphrogeneia and guerini; tubercles sometimes present along anterior margin, posterolateral corners rounded; median line sometimes with ridged margins; lateral margin of protergum thickened in olivieri, guerini; punctures in anterior half of terga 2 – 10 sometimes larger than rest; posterolateral corners of terga 1 – 8 rounded entire, of tergum 12 either produced narrowly or not; median posterior margins of terga 1 – 11 lacking either rounded or pointed projections; lacking brush of hairs from apex of tibiotarsus; mandibles lacking inner teeth; antennal segment 3 short, sense cone adjacent to segment 3 short, wide; terrestrial, with laterosternites on abdominal segments 1 – 8 bearing spiracles.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE0DFF9BFF3C52DE238FEB22.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Atyphella was restored to generic level by Ballantyne (in Calder 1998), its status confirmed by cladistic analysis, and revised and redescribed from its Australian examples by Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000). The internal composition was further expanded in Ballantyne and Lambkin (2001, 2006). Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000) included 23 species in Atyphella Olliff, 16 Australian and seven from the island of New Guinea. Atyphella s. str. as defined here comprises 24 species mainly from Australia and includes 14 of those 16 Australian species, and one of the New Guinean species (leucura), and is expanded to include A. testaceolineata, and two new species. Its present composition and the new assignments for species removed from Atyphella are shown in Table 4. As Australian species # were dealt with in detail in Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000) they are treated here in an abbreviated fashion.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE05FF95FF3C558B23CBE89F.taxon	description	(Figs 118 – 121)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE05FF95FF3C558B23CBE89F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA, NEW GUINEA: Madang Pr., 4.59 S, 145.40 E, Cape Croisilles, Madang District (ANIC). Other material examined. PAPUA, NEW GUINEA: Madang Pr., 4.59 S, 145.40 E, Madang, B. Challis, male (SAM). VANUATU (New Hebrides): 16.19 S, 167.30 E, Malakula (Atchin Island), L. Cheesman, iii. 1930, 2 males; vi. 1929 male (NHML). Rana Island, 30. v. 1903, male (AMS).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE05FF95FF3C558B23CBE89F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal colouration of dark brown elytra and pronotum with median dark markings is similar to that of some Magnalata carolinae; distinguished by the apical expansion of the male elytra, which are not contiguous dorsally in apical half, taper towards their thickened apices, where the apical ¼ of both epipleuron and sutural ridge and elytral apex are wider than remainder (Figs 118, 119); females macropterous and capable of flight; larva dorsally black with lateral yellow markings on all but terminal two terga (Ballantyne & Buck, 1979, Figs 28, 29).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE05FF95FF3C558B23CBE89F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Atyphella aphrogeneia occurs in the salt spray zone of coral outcrops near Madang, Papua New Guinea (Ballantyne & Buck, 1979), where, during the premating exchange of light signals, the female is sessile (but not wingless, see Case, 1984: 202) and the male ‘ patrols a narrow strip between the surf spray zone and the jungle’ (Case, 1984: 201). It also occurs on island locations in Vanuatu. It is only the second firefly species known from such an unusual habitat (the other is a Jamaican firefly larva, McDermott, 1953). The larva is neither aquatic nor apparently semiaquatic. Ballantyne (1987 b: 175) suggested that the elytral apex thickening might contribute towards a means of securing mating pairs in an otherwise precarious position on coral outcrops, and the narrowing of the elytral apices afford the abdomen more flexibility. This has not been substantiated by observation.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE05FF96FF3C504E213AEF92.taxon	description	(Figs 9, 10, 83 – 85)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE05FF96FF3C504E213AEF92.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: 28.19 S, 153.05 E, Lamington National Park (C 2290 QM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE05FF96FF3C504E213AEF92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males distinguished from most other Atyphella by the acute frons-vertex junction, the small (probably non – functional) mouthparts, the contiguous antennal sockets, the brown – dark brown parallelsided elytra; females pale coloured with fully developed elytra and vestigial hind wings; paler male specimens very like A. similis, which has angulate posterolateral pronotal corners, separated antennal sockets, well developed mouthparts and flightless brachelytral females. Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000) distinguished atra and similis most obviously by their distinctive females.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE06FF96FF3C56B62644ED84.taxon	description	(Fig. 122)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE06FF96FF3C56B62644ED84.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of six Australian species with striped elytra; Ballantyne & Lambkin (2000: 29) distinguished brevis by a combination of characters including the convex – sided elytra, the poorly developed mouthparts and the acutely margined frons – vertex junction. Female, larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE06FF96FF3C535B2346EB6F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: 16.42 S, 145.13 E, Stewart Creek (QMT 61017).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE06FF96FF3C535B2346EB6F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males with brown elytra and pale pronotum with medial dark marking, distinguished from A. inconspicua by the divergent lateral margins of the pronotum, and the median elevation of the acute frons-vertex junction (Ballantyne & Lambkin 2000 Fig. 2 f); brachelytral females with vestigial hind wings are tentatively associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE06FF97FF3C52F42171EDCA.taxon	description	(Figs 137 – 141, 147)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE06FF97FF3C52F42171EDCA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 6.35 S, 147.51 E, Morobe Pr., Finschhaven (sic), Wareo, L. Wagner (SAM). Paratypes (24). Same locality, collector, as holotype, males (SAM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE06FF97FF3C52F42171EDCA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other Atyphella by the scattered small pale spots on the brown to dark brown elytra. Male description. 7.1 – 8.8 mm long; 2.8 – 3.4 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour: Pronotum largely yellow, usually with small paired median brown areas (20 / 25) (Fig. 147), median brown area occupying about half surface area and widening posteriorly (3 / 25) or occupying more than half of the whole area (2 / 25); MS, MN yellow; elytra dark brown (24 / 25, pale brown in one paratype), with paler spots which are concentrated in the inner (sutural) half (Figs 137 – 138), minimum of 3 pale spots on left elytron (1 / 25) to maximum of 18 spots on each elytron; 4 males with spots mostly concentrated around inner two interstitial lines; head, antennae and palpi mid-brown; ventral aspect of pro and mesosterna yellowish to light brown, metasternum dark brown; all legs yellow with tibiae and tarsi dark brown; V 2 – 5 very dark brown, 6 and 7 white; tergites dark brown, T 7 pale and slightly darker mottled, T 8 pale. Pronotum: (Fig. 147) 1.5 – 1.8 mm long, 2.5 – 3.2 mm wide; W / L 1.6 – 1.7; lateral margins divergent posteriorly along their length (21 / 25) with slight rounded convergence in 4 / 25; posterolateral corners <90 °, rounded, projecting beyond median posterior margin; anterior half of hypomeron not flat but approaching closely, posterior area widely flat and closely adpressed. Elytron: parallel-sided; 5.6 – 7.0 mm long; 3 well-defined interstitial lines; epipleuron and suture continue around apex (visible both from above and beneath) neither further thickened in apical half. Head: cannot be retracted into prothoracic cavity; GHW 1.5 – 2.0 mm; SIW 0.25 – 0.3 mm; SIW / GHW 0.15 – 0.16; ASD <ASW (sockets close but not contiguous); frons-vertex junction not defined, this area rounded. Antennae slightly longer than GHW up to almost twice GHW; 11 segmented. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi ovoid, longer than wide. Abdomen, ventrites (Fig. 139): LO entire in V 6 and V 7, in V 7 LO reaching sides but not posterior margin (LO closely following posterior outline and disposition in fresh specimen may be interpreted differently). MPP short, rounded. Tergites: T 8 as wide as long; anterolateral prolongations narrow, not as long as posterior exposed portion, not obviously expanded vertically. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 140, 141): lacking rounded projection along posterior margin of sternite. Aedeagus (Figs 140, 141): L / W <3 / 1; LL / ML moderate; LL not divergent along most of length dorsally and slightly shorter than ML; apices of LL rounded, not out – turned, width subequal to that of ML; inner apical area of LL obliquely truncate; base of LL produced, rounded. Female, Larva. Unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE06FF97FF3C52F42171EDCA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is latinised from the name of the spotted dog (dalmatian) and is a play on words to highlight the ‘ spotted’ nature of the dorsal surface.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE07FF97FF3C531E2330EB4C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: 19.16 S, 146.49 E, Mt Elliot National Park (QMT 61104).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE07FF97FF3C531E2330EB4C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of the six Australian species with striped elytra and the smallest Australian Atyphella (<4 mms long); elytra with two interstitial lines, and brown pronotum with median darker area; female, larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE07FF90FF3C5293232FEEEA.taxon	description	(Figs 125, 130, 131)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE07FF90FF3C5293232FEEEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The largest of the six Australian species with striped elytra (8 – 13 mm long); distinguished from the very similar A. flammulans Ballantyne by the number of pale interstitial lines (4) and the rounded frons-vertex junction. Female (Figs 130, 131) with fully developed elytra and shortened hind wings (see Discussion on female aptery); coloured as for male or paler; Ballantyne and Lambkin, 2000: 35 characterised the larva.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE07FF90FF3C5293232FEEEA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The probability of mislabelling of the type specimen was discussed (Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000: 35).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE00FF90FF3C567E2168EC6C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: 17.56 S, 145.56 E, Boulder Creek via Tully (QMT 61110).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE00FF90FF3C567E2168EC6C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of the six Australian species with striped elytra, most similar to A. flammans, distinguished by the acute frons-vertex junction, the smaller size (<9 mm long) and the presence of two well – defined interstitial lines. Female, larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE00FF91FF3C55F32310EC2A.taxon	description	(Fig. 126)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE00FF91FF3C55F32310EC2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Not located. Material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: New Ireland Pr., New Ireland: 6.00 S, 147.00 E, No other data, identification label ' ‘ Lampyris australis ' ’ authority obscured, male (MNHN). 3.13 S, 151.56 E, Kandan, 1. i. 1960, W. W. Brandt, male (BPBM). Gilingil Plantation, 2 m, VII. 4.1956, E. J. Ford jnr, male (BPBM). SOLOMON ISLANDS: Western Pr., New Georgia: 8.25 S, 157.60 E Munda, 30. VIII. 1965, Tilley (Roy. Soc. Exped. BM 1966 – 1) male (NHML). INDONESIA: 1.68 S, 127.88 E Halmahera, Djilolo, ex Standinger, male (MNHN).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE00FF91FF3C55F32310EC2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of three species from this study area with uniformly orange pronotum and dark brown elytra; distinguished from Pygat. salomonis and Ll. majuscula as follows (extended from Ballantyne, 2000): A. guerini: basal abdominal ventrites mid-brown; V 5 very dark brown; all abdominal tergites pale; V 7 with MPP apically rounded, not considerably prolonged; aedeagus with basal piece not hooded, median lobe lacking pointed projection at sides of ejaculatory orifice; elytral interstitial lines 1, 2 as well – defined as suture; LO occupies more than half V 7, area posterior to LO in V 7 not arched or swollen; ventral face of T 8 lacks median longitudinal groove or posterior asymmetrical curved ridge; not Australian. Pygat. salomonis: basal abdominal ventrites pale; V 5 very dark brown; all abdominal tergites pale brown; V 7 with median posterior projection considerably prolonged, parallel-sided, and apically truncate, often obliquely; aedeagus lacking hooded basal piece, median lobe with pointed projections at sides of ejaculatory orifice; elytral interstitial lines faint, not as well – defined as suture; LO occupies about half or less of V 7; area posterior to LO in V 7 somewhat arched; ventral face of T 8 with single curved ridge to left of median line; not Australian. Ll. majuscula: all abdominal ventrites (except for pale LO in 6 and 7) very dark; all abdominal tergites dark except for pale tergites 7, 8; V 7 with median posterior projection moderately produced, apically rounded, not parallel-sided; aedeagus with basal piece hooded; all 4 elytral interstitial lines as well – defined as suture; LO occupies most of V 7; area posterior to LO small, not arched; ventral surface of T 8 with median longitudinal groove; Australian.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE00FF91FF3C55F32310EC2A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ballantyne (1988) resolved the identities of Luciola australis F. and L. guerini Laporte, which was treated as a nomen nudum. While guerini was not part of Ballantyne and Lambkin’s (2000) cladistic analysis, Ballantyne (2000) indicated that it differed from A. majuscula in only one male character and its position is confirmed here. Ballantyne (2000) assigned guerini to Atyphella and described 31 males and two possible larvae (associated only by similarity of label data), from New Ireland. The single male from New Georgia is in poor condition and covered in mould and is a tentative association only, as is the Halmahera male, which was not dissected.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE01FF91FF3C553E21BCEDF4.taxon	description	(Fig. 127)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE01FF91FF3C553E21BCEDF4.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: 15.49 S, 145.17 E, Mt Finnigan (QMT 61139).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE01FF91FF3C553E21BCEDF4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of only two Australian species with orange pronotum and very dark elytra [the other is Lloydiella majuscula]. Distinguished most obviously by its smaller size, parallel-sided elytra and lack of a hooded basal piece on the aedeagus. Female, larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE01FF91FF3C536B2330E82F.taxon	description	(Fig. 125)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE01FF91FF3C536B2330E82F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A relatively small species (<8 mm long) with brown elytra and pronotum with a median dark mark; similar to A. conspicua, distinguished by the parallel-sided pronotal margins, and pronotal width not exceeding humeral width; females brachelytral, elytra contiguous in mid-line, hind wings absent. Larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE01FF92FF3C51342197EBBA.taxon	description	(Figs 142 – 146, 148, 149)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE01FF92FF3C51342197EBBA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Makira Pr., 10.30 S, 161.49 E, San Cristobal Island, Kira Kira, 0 – 50 m, 10. xi. 1964, RS (BPBM). Paratypes (4). SOLOMON ISLANDS: Same locality as holotype, 2 males. Central Pr., Florida Group, Tulagi, 6. IX. 1960, COB, male. Guadalcanal Pr., 9.35 S, 160.12 E Guadalcanal, Lame, near Mt Tatuve, 300 m, COB, male (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE01FF92FF3C51342197EBBA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (<7 mm long) with uniformly dark brown elytra and orange pronotum with median dark area, LO apparently bipartite in V 7, and MPP in V 7 short, rounded; distinguished from other Atyphella with bipartite LO by the uniformly coloured elytra and the entire LO in V 6. Male. 6.6 – 6.9 mm long; 3 mm wide; just over twice as long as wide. Colour: (Figs 142, 144) Pronotum yellowish orange, semitransparent with fat body showing through cuticle, median dark marking not reaching either anterior or posterior margins, marking almost black in Lame male; MN yellow, MS slightly dingy pale brown; elytra moderately dark brown; head dark brown, antennae and palpi mid-brown; in 2 Kira Kira males all legs pale, abdominal ventrites pre LO mid-brown; one Kira Kira male legs pale with tibiae and tarsi light brown, and abdominal ventrites pre LO moderately dark brown; tergites light brown semitransparent, T 8 yellowish; LO in anterolateral areas of V 7 closely and narrowly adpressed to dorsal surface, separated between by diffuse fat body extending posteriorly almost to MPP (LO interpreted as bipartite). Pronotum: 1.5 – 1.6 mm long; 2.3 – 2.5 mm wide; W / L 1.5 – 1.6; ¼ as long as body; lateral margins diverge with rounded convergence; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse, projecting a little behind median posterior margin; anterior portion of hypomeron not flat; posterior portion of hypomeron flat, closely adpressed. Elytron (Fig. 144): margins slightly convex-sided; 5.1 – 5.3 mm long; 2 defined interstitial lines slightly better defined at their bases than in their apical half in 2 / 5; epipleuron and suture not continuing around apex as a ridge and neither thickened in apical half. Head: not able to be retracted into prothoracic cavity; GHW 1.6 mm; SIW 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 1 / 8; ASD <ASW, antennal sockets close but not contiguous; frons-vertex ‘ junction’ rounded not well – defined, frons 3 X as high as ASW. Antennal length longer than GHW; 11 segmented. Mouthparts well developed, probably functional; apical segment of labial palpi laterally compressed, like an elongate narrow triangle, with inner longer margin bearing paired elongate teeth at apex only in 3, and 1 apical and 2 subapical teeth in one. Abdomen, ventrites (Figs 142, 143): LO occupying all of V 6; LO in V 7 interpreted as bipartite (no information about light production exists and this is a morphological, not functional interpretation), reaching sides but not posterior margin, adpressed areas occupying less than half V 7; at least half of V 7 posterior to adpressed areas of LO filled with fat body; MPP short, broad. Tergites: T 8 as wide as long; anterior prolongations of T 8 very short and narrow. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 145, 148): with posterior margin of ventrite rounded, lacking projection. Aedeagus (Figs 145 – 149): L / W 2 / 1, LL / ML 3.5; LL very slightly shorter than ML, apices rounded, not out-turned, narrower than width of apex of ML; LL diverge along their length, apices well – separated; base of LL broadly truncate, scarcely produced. Female, Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE01FF92FF3C51342197EBBA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is considered a noun in apposition, and reflects not only the type locality but the use of the name twice highlights the apparently bipartite LO	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE02FF93FF3C52AE2118ED9A.taxon	description	(Figs 150 – 152, 160 – 161)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE02FF93FF3C52AE2118ED9A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Northern Pr., 9.02 S, 148.2 E, Mt Lamington, 1200 – 1500 feet, C T McNamara (SAM). Paratypes (4). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: same as for holotype, males (SAM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE02FF93FF3C52AE2118ED9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of eight species from New Guinea and Australia with striped elytra; the only species with additional lines of fat body in elytra giving appearance of extra longitudinal stripes; lacking flat anterior portion of hypomeron and ridge around elytral apices characteristic of Australian Atyphella. Male description. 5.6 – 6.6 mm long, 2.6 – 2.8 mm wide, W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 150 – 152): pronotum pale whitish yellow, semitransparent and paler in areas of fat body clusters; median dark marking extending to and expanding narrowly at both anterior and posterior margins; MN pale; MS and base colour of elytra light brown; elytra with 4 pale interstitial lines with irregular deposition of fat body within lines, and 2 additional fine lines between suture and interstitial line 1, and lines 1 and 2; elytra (Figs 150, 151) with pale lateral margin not reaching interstitial line 4, narrowly pale around apex, suture with pale apical 1 / 3 (fat body), anterior 2 / 3 light brown; head between eyes, metathoracic sternum, tibiae and tarsi of all legs, abdominal ventrites 2 – 5 and tergites 2 – 6 very dark brown, rest dingy slightly paler brown except for pale semitransparent tergites 7, 8 and whitish LO. Pronotum: 1.1 mm long; 2.0 – 2.2 mm wide; W / L 2 – 2.2; 1 / 5 – 1 / 6 as long as total body length; lateral margins divergent posteriorly with rounded convergence; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse, projecting a little behind median posterior margin; anterior hypomeron not flat; posterior area widely flattened and closely adpressed. Elytron (Figs 150, 151): margins slightly convex-sided; 4.5 – 5.0 mm long; with 4 defined interstitial lines; epipleuron and suture not continuing around apex as ridge and neither thickened in apical half. Head: GHW 1.3 mm; SIW 0.1 mm; SIW / GHW 1 / 13; ASD <ASW, antennal sockets very close, not contiguous; frons-vertex ‘ junction’ rounded not well – defined. Antennal length longer than GHW and <2 x GHW; 11 segmented. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi laterally compressed, like a fairly wide triangle, with inner longer margin bearing 3 elongate teeth. Abdomen, ventrites: LO occupying most of V 6; LO in V 7 reaching sides but not posterior margin, MPP short and broad. Tergites: T 8 as wide as long; anterior prolongations of T 8 narrow, not as long as posterior entire half. Aedeagal sheath: with posterior margin of sternite rounded, lacking projection. Aedeagus (Figs 160 – 161): L / W <3 / 1, LL / ML moderate; LL diverging along their length in apical half only, and slightly shorter than ML; apices of LL rounded, not outturned, width subequal to that of ML; base of LL broadly rounded. Female, Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE02FF93FF3C52AE2118ED9A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for its type locality.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE03FF8CFF3C534E2601EB52.taxon	description	(Figs 166 – 176)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE03FF8CFF3C534E2601EB52.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: New Britain Pr., labelled 1. (printed) LIX Nelle-Bretagne; 2. (printed) Nouv. - Bretagne LIX – 1889; 3. (handwritten) leucura Ern. Oliv. (MNHN). Other material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: New Britain Pr.: 4.21 S, 152.02 E, Kerevat: 10. ii. 1966, G. Monteith, 2 males (UQBA); Lowl Exp. Stn., 23. v. 1954, J. Szentivany, male (DAPM). Gazelle Peninsula: 4.26 S, 152.05 E. Gaulim 120 – 140 m, 19 – 28. XI. 1962, 3 males, JS (BPBM); Mt Sinewit, 1100 – 1200 m, 15 – 16. XI. 1962 JS, male; 4.29 S, 152.08 E, Upper Warangoi Illugi 230 m 12 – 30. XII. 1962, JS, 2 males (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE03FF8CFF3C534E2601EB52.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsally pale with a large median dark area on pronotum, a dark area on each elytron adjacent to MS and lighter brown markings in apical half. Similar in colouration to many Pygatyphella spp., differs in extent of LO in V 7 and lack of arching of V 7. Distinguished by its restricted occurrence on New Britain. Male redescription. 8.8 – 10.0 mm long; 4.0 – 4.3 mm wide, just over twice as long as wide. Colour Figs 166 – 169): Pronotum dingy very pale yellowish brown with wide median darker brown area extending from anterior to posterior margin, wider across posterior 1 / 3, with mottled darker areas (dark brown and reddish brown) outlining darker pattern within (Fig. 166, 169); in type semitransparent areas indicate retraction of fat body along anterior margin and at sides of median dark area; MN light brown with median darker area; MS entirely light brown (in 2 Gaulim males), or light brown with an anteromedian darker area not reaching sides or posterior margin; elytra pale dingy yellowish, with darker markings, semitransparent with underlying fat body evenly dispersed in small clumps except less in posterior darker area; narrow basal darker brown area running obliquely from interstitial line 2 to inner edge of suture, adjacent to MS, not assuming subtriangular shape here; suture in basal 1 / 5 pale yellowish brown, suture in next ½ length slightly darker brown; brown band extending irregularly across elytron from anterior margin of darker sutural band, covering most of posterior half of elytron except for lateral margin, and about 1 / 7 of sutural apex; head, antennae and mouthparts mid – brown; ventral surface of prothorax yellowish, of meso and metathorax brown with metepipleural plates yellow; legs medium brown except for paler brown coxae 1, 2, all trochanters and bases of femora, and darker brown coxae 3; abdomen dingy pale yellowish brown with edges of V 3 and 4 more darkly marked, and V 6 with irregular dark markings across posterior margin; T 2 – 4 yellowish in middle, brown at sides, T 5, 6 mottled yellowish brown, T 7, 8 yellowish semitransparent. Pronotum: 1.6 – 2.0 mm long; 2.7 – 3.6 mm wide; W / L 1.6 – 1.8; dorsal surface densely punctate, punctures contiguous over most of surface; lateral margins divergent posteriorly with rounded convergence; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse, projecting little behind median posterior margin, separated by shallow emarginations; anterior portion of hypomeron not flat; posterior portion of hypomeron flat, closely adpressed. Elytron: margins convex – sided; 6.9 – 8.0 mm long; 4 faintly defined interstitial lines; epipleuron and suture not continuing around apex as a ridge, neither thickened in apical half. Head: not able to be retracted into prothoracic cavity completely; GHW 2.0 – 2.2 mm; SIW 0.2 – 0.25 mm; SIW / GHW 1 / 10; ASD <ASW, antennal sockets close, not contiguous; frons-vertex ‘ junction’ rounded, frons not defined. Antennal length greater than GHW less than twice GHW; 11 segmented. Mouthparts well developed, functional; apical segment of labial palpi laterally compressed, subtriangular, inner longer margin dentate, with 3 elongate slender teeth. Abdomen, ventrites (figs 168, 175): LO occupying all of V 6; LO in V 7 entire; reaching sides but not posterior margin, occupying most of V 7. MPP short apically rounded. Tergites: T 8 as wide as long; anterior prolongations very short and narrow. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 170, 171): posterior margin of sternite rounded, lacking projection. Aedeagus (Figs 172 – 174): L / W <3 / 1, LL / ML 2.4; LL diverging along length, well – separated at apices; apices rounded, slightly out-turned, narrower than width of apex of ML; LL a little shorter than ML, base of LL produced anteriorly symmetrically, relatively acutely, sometimes appearing medianly emarginate. Female. Not associated. Larva. Not reliably associated. A single larva taken at Kerevat by Monteith (UQIC) with two males of this species has laterally explanate tergal margins.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE03FF8CFF3C534E2601EB52.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Olivier (1906) highlighted the glossy apunctate margins to the pronotum, and the ‘ mucronate’ last abdominal segment. The lateral margins of the pronotum of specimens listed here are punctate. The colour is similar to that of several mainland New Guinea Pygatyphella species. All other New Britain fireflies have orange pronotum and dark brown elytra (Ballantyne, 1987 a; Ballantyne obs.).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1CFF8CFF3C52F62363E904.taxon	description	(Fig. 130)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1CFF8CFF3C52F62363E904.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: Mt Lewis Road, via Julatten (ANIC).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1CFF8CFF3C52F62363E904.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of the six Australian species with striped elytra; small (<6 mm long); similar to A. brevis and A. ellioti, distinguished by its size, convex frons-vertex junction, 2 interstitial lines and the apparently bipartite LO in V 7; probable female brachelytral, hind wings absent, elytra do not approach in mid-line. Larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1DFF8DFF3C57DE2360EC4A.taxon	description	(Figs 11, 78, 79)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1DFF8DFF3C57DE2360EC4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of the six Australian species with striped elytra; 4 interstitial lines. Female with fully developed elytra and shortened hind wings. Ballantyne and Lambkin, 2000: 43 characterised the distinctively coloured larva.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1DFF8DFF3C558E21F2ED87.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: Crystal Cascades via Cairns (QMT 62709).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1DFF8DFF3C558E21F2ED87.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Known from three specimens from Cairns; orange pronotum with median dark mark; elytra brown, slightly convex-sided, with three well – defined interstitial lines.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1DFF8DFF3C534C271BEBD4.taxon	description	(Figs 128, 129)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1DFF8DFF3C534C271BEBD4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Known from its conspicuous dorsal colouration; pronotum very pale cream with median dark mark; elytra dark brown with broad cream lateral, sutural and apical borders. Female macropterous coloured as for male. Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000: 50) described larvae taken in the vicinity of flying males.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1DFF8EFF3C517B23F1EBBA.taxon	description	(Figs 154 – 157, 159, 162 – 163)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1DFF8EFF3C517B23F1EBBA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. REPUBLIC OF PALAU: 7.0 N, 134.0 E, Pelelieu Is. E coast 27. i. 1948 (BPBM).. Other specimens examined. REPUBLIC OF PALAU: 7.0 N, 134.0 E Pelelieu Is: E coast, 27. i. 1948, H Dybus, paratype male; 27. vi. 1985, 2 males; 27. vi. 1983, no collector, 2 males; Peliliou (sic), Garyuoka, 21. i. 1938, Shiro Mirakami 1 male paratype, 1 female paratype. Babelthaup hill NW of Seabee camp, 6.50 – 7.10 pm, M Jess, 2 males 1 female (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1DFF8EFF3C517B23F1EBBA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished most obviously by its small size, locality and largely pale dorsal colouration with darker markings across elytral base and at apex. Male redescription. 5.6 – 7.0 mm long; 2.6 – 3.0 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour: Pronotum (Fig. 159) yellow, semitransparent, underlying fat body clearly visible and faint trace of median dark marking (4 / 6 Pelelieu, Garyuoka and Babelthaup), or pronotum dingy yellow over whole of surface (2 / 6 Pelelieu) with most of median area diffusely slightly darker (1 / 6), or faint median mark restricted to small area (1 / 6), pronotum of a Pelelieu male with dark marking beginning at mid-point and expanding across median half of posterior margin; MN pale light brown, MS very pale; elytra (Figs 154, 157) semitransparent, underlying hind wings confuse colour interpretation; elytra light brown with base and apex narrowly slightly darker brown; head reddish to dark brown, antennae and palpi paler brown; venter of thorax pale except for midbrown metasternum (pale brown in one Babelthaup male); legs pale brown with apical half or all of tibiae, and all of tarsi brown; basal abdominal ventrites pale mottled with darker brown; V 5 mostly brown; basal abdominal tergites brown, T 7, 8 pale yellow. Pronotum (Fig. 159): 1.1 – 1.5 mm long; 2.0 – 2.4 mm wide; W / L 1.6 – 1.8; lateral margins diverging posteriorly with rounded convergence; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse, projecting beyond median posterior margin; anterior half of hypomeron not flat; posterior half widely flat, closely adpressed. Elytron (Figs 154, 157): slightly convex-sided; 4.5 – 5.5 mm long; with 2 reasonably well – defined interstitial lines; epipleuron and suture not continuing around apex, not thickened in apical half. Head: cannot be retracted into prothoracic cavity; GHW 1.4 – 1.8 mm; SIW 0.2; SIW / GHW 0.1 – 0.14; ASD <ASW, sockets not contiguous; frons-vertex junction not well – defined, rounded. Antennae longer than GHW, not reaching 2 x GHW; 11 segmented. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palp flattened, like a wide triangle with inner edge irregular, bearing either no teeth or 2 teeth. Abdomen, ventrites: LO entire in V 6 and V 7 reaching sides but not posterior margin. MPP rounded, short. Tergites: T 8 as wide as long; anterolateral prolongations very short. Aedeagus (Figs 162, 163): elongate, may appear subparallel-sided; L / W 3.5 / 1; LL / ML 2.8; LL diverging or not along their length dorsally, slightly shorter than ML; apices of LL slightly out – turned and rounded, width at tip equal to that of ML; inner apical area of LL obliquely truncate; base of LL produced and rounded. Female. (Figs 155, 156) 7.0 mm long. Elytra fully developed and cover body, hind wings ¾ length of elytra and female probably incapable of flight. Colour: dorsal colouration approaches that of male except paratype pronotum has no median darker markings; Babelthaup female with very pale pronotum with median brown area, and very pale elytra with basal and apical darker markings; elytra semitransparent and appear slightly mottled; abdominal ventrites light brown. Pronotal outline as for male. Head of wingless female form; head can be completely retracted within prothoracic cavity. V 7 with median posterior margin broadly emarginated; acute junction between sides of median emargination and remainder of obliquely truncate posterior margin. T 8 with lateral margins converging gently posteriorly and posterior margin rounded. Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1EFF8FFF3C529B2777EBEA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Pawarin labelled (Fig. 180): 1. (HW) male symbol; 2. (HW) Pawarin Juin, 1903; 3. typed Nieuw Guinea Expeditie 1903; 4. pink label, (HW) Atyphella scabra Ern Oliv. (MNHN). Other material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Pawarin Male labelled as for type except lacking identification label. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 3.17 S, 142.35 E, Torecella Mt, Sea Falls near Afua, 1700 ft, 1939, P G Moore, 2 males (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1EFF8FFF3C529B2777EBEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other Atyphella by the widely bipartite LO in both V 6 and V 7, the pointed MPP, the considerable extension of T 8 beyond the margin of V 7, and the strong elevation of interstitial lines 1, 2 exceeding that of the suture. Male redescription. 7.8 – 9.0 mm long; 3.2 – 3.9 mm wide; W / L approx. 2.5. Colour: (Figs 177, 178). Pronotum: dingy orange, median half darker brown and extending to anterior and posterior margins (punctures here ringed in darker brown); elevations above eyes appearing paler in Sea Falls males; head dark brown, antennae and palpi light brown; MN yellow, MS brown not as dark as mid-brown elytra (type elytra slightly darker in anterior half and along interstitial lines 1, 2); narrow area of epipleuron in type male slightly paler brown than rest; ventral thorax pale brown, except for darker brownish semitransparent metasternum; legs pale brown; basal ventrites brown; V 6 and 7 semitransparent, areas of LOs yellowish, whitish fat body continuous between LO halves in Sea Falls males, not continuous in type; tergites dingy yellow and semitransparent, ventral surface of T 8 orange yellow. Pronotum: 1.6 – 1.8 mm long; 3.1 – 3.5 mm wide; W / L 1.9 – 2.1; dorsal surface smooth, densely punctate, punctures contiguous over most of surface; lateral margins divergent posteriorly with rounded convergence; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse, projecting little behind median posterior margin; anterior portion of hypomeron flat; posterior portion of hypomeron flat, both areas closely adpressed (Fig. 178). Elytron (Fig. 177): convex-sided; 2 well – defined interstitial lines (1, 2) more strongly elevated than, and 1.5 to 2 X as thick as sutural ridge; basal edges of line 2 and inner margin of line 1 bearing single line of punctures larger than rest, irregular in shape and size; epipleuron and suture continue around apex as a ridge, not thickened in their apical half. Head: not able to be retracted within prothoracic cavity; GHW 1.8 – 2.3 mm; SIW 0.15 – 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 1 / 9 – 1 / 11; ASD <ASW, antennal sockets very close not contiguous; frons-vertex junction not defined, this area rounded. Mouthparts well developed, probably functional; apical segment of labial palpi ovoid, longer than wide. Antennal length subequal to GHW or slightly less; 11 segmented. Abdomen (Figs 178, 179): LO in V 6 and V 7 restricted to small anterolateral plaques occupying less than half area of each ventrite. MPP short, narrow, apically acute; posterolateral corners short, slightly angulate, horizontal (appear to project slightly posteriorly in pinned specimens, after soaking in water or ethanol are round, not projecting). Tergites: T 8 (Figs 178, 179) as wide as long; posterior half as wide as anterior half, projecting for about half its width beyond posterior margin of V 7; posterior margin of T 8 bisinuate; anterior prolongations of T 8 not developed. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 181 – 183): posterior margin of sternite rounded, with short rounded medial projection (arrow in Figs 182, 183). Aedeagus (Figs 35, 184 – 185): L / W 2.5 / 1, LL / ML 2.2; LL diverge along their length and are widely separated at their rounded apices; LL slightly shorter than ML, apices rounded, out-turned and narrower than apex and base of ML; base of LL produced anteriorly and broadly rounded (appears slightly asymmetrical, interpreted here as symmetrical); ML broad, apically rounded. Female and larva. Unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1EFF8FFF3C529B2777EBEA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Olivier (1911) described the median dark mark wider along the anterior margin than posterior, a distinction not now obvious on the type. Olivier also described the brown elytra as finely pale margined laterally; he keyed scabra using ' ‘ elytra black' ’. The margins on the type do not appear paler than the rest.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1FFF88FF3C516E22FEEEEA.taxon	description	(Figs 129, 132)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1FFF88FF3C516E22FEEEEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male with yellow pronotum with median dark markings; dark brown elytra with 4 interstitial lines; head can be retracted into prothoracic cavity; antennae 9 segmented. Female brachelytral, elytra meet in mid-line, hind wings vestigial. Ballantyne and Lambkin, 2000: 51 characterised the distinctively coloured larva.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE18FF88FF3C567E20F8EC04.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: Lamington National Park (QMT 62936).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE18FF88FF3C567E20F8EC04.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to both A. lychnus and A. atra, distinguished by a combination of male, female and larval characters (Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000: 54).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE18FF89FF3C55DB2047ED9A.taxon	description	(Figs 153, 158, 164 – 165)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE18FF89FF3C55DB2047ED9A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male (head and prothorax missing) INDONESIA: Maluku Islands, 3.24 S, 126.40 E, Buru Island (Zoology Museum, Amsterdam). Other material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., 8.24 S, 147.05 E, Erume, 2000 m, 6. viii. 1974, T. Fenner, 4 males (DAPM). Morobe Dist., 7.20 S, 146.42 E. 4.5 mi w Wau: Edie Cr. Rd, at Namie Cr. Elev. C 4500 ' ’, November 17 1969, J. E. Lloyd, 1 male (G 620), 1 female (G 619) (JELC), 1 male (G 621) (ANIC); 7.20 S, 146.42 E. Wau, 1600 – 1700 m, 28. xii. 1961, JS, 1 male (BPBM). Code name. Luciola 9 (Lloyd, 1973 b)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE18FF89FF3C55DB2047ED9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of eight Atyphella spp. with striped elytra; distinguished from lewisi, brevis, ellioti and lychnus by the flattened and dentate apical palpomere (the other species have an ovoid entire apical palpomere), from flammans and flammulans, which have contiguous antennal sockets, by the separated antennal sockets, and from the only other New Guinean species, lamingtonia, by lacking additional pale lines of fat body between the pale interstitial lines. Male redescription. 6.6 – 8.3 mm long; 3.1 – 3.8 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Fig. 153): Pronotum (Fig. 158) pale clear yellow, semitransparent in areas, with median dark brown area reaching anterior margin, and almost to posterior margin; fat body irregularly retracted beneath cuticle leaving paler areas; MS and MN pale cream; elytra brown with suture, lateral margin including elytral apex and 3 interstitial lines yellow; lateral elytral margin semitransparent, extending to and covering weakly developed interstitial line 4; head very dark reddish brown, antennae and palpi brown, labrum pale brown; ventral aspect of thorax brown; all legs brown except for paler coxae 1 and 2 and trochanters 1, 2 and 3, tibiae and tarsi darker brown than remainder; basal abdominal ventrites black; V 6 and 7 uniformly pale cream; all abdominal tergites light brown except for pale yellow T 8. Pronotum (Fig. 158): 1.2 – 1.5 mm long; 2.3 – 2.9 mm wide; W / L = 1.9; punctures broad, moderately deep, contiguous; lateral margins diverge posteriorly with rounded convergence; posterolateral corners rounded, obtuse, projecting beyond median posterior margin and separated by shallow emarginations; anterior hypomeron not flat to neck; posterior hypomeron flat to neck strongly adpressed. Elytron: convex-sided, bearing 3 moderately elevated interstitial lines. Head: not able to be retracted completely into prothoracic cavity; GHW 1.4 – 1.6 mm; SIW 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 1 / 7 – 1 / 8; ASD <ASW; antennal sockets very close not contiguous, frons-vertex junction rounded. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi laterally compressed, like a wide triangle, inner margin dentate with basal wide tooth and 3 narrower teeth, one at apex. Antennal length slightly longer than GHW; 11 segmented. Abdomen, ventrites: LO occupying V 6 completely, in V 7 extending to all margins including posterior margin. MPP short, broad and rounded. Tergites: T 8 as wide as long; anterolateral prolongations of T 8 not as long as posterior (entire) portion, narrow, not expanded vertically. Aedeagal sheath: posterior margin of ventrite rounded, lacking short rounded medial projection. Aedeagus (Figs 164, 165): L / W <3 / 1, LL / ML moderate; LL divergent along their length dorsally; LL slightly shorter than ML, apices rounded, not out-turned and narrower than apex ML; LL narrow and parallel-sided in apical half when viewed from above; base of LL produced anteriorly and broadly rounded or truncate. Female. Associated by similarity of label data only. 6 mm long. Fully developed fore wings, hind wings absent; flightless. Only differences from the male are noted: one elytron present, paler than male, with paler interstitial lines still visible (this could be due to absence of hind wings); elytron not covering abdomen completely (T 8 protrudes); head not examined; ventral aspect of body blotchy cream, semitransparent; paler LO material apparently restricted to lateral areas of V 6; V 7 very shallowly and narrowly emarginated along posterior margin; median posterior margin of V 8 appears entire, as is that of T 8.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE18FF89FF3C55DB2047ED9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The incomplete holotype male of A. testaceolineata was not dissected. Specimens assigned here are considered to approach most closely the elytral pattern of the type specimen but are tentative assignments only. Pic’s (1939) 9 mm long specimens were from Buru Island, with elytral suture, lateral margins and interstitial lines pale, suggestive to Pic of Luciola olivierius McDermott. If this is a correct association, then this species, and a possible Halmahera record of a male of A. guerini, are the only species of Atyphella known from west of the island of New Guinea. Lloyd’s (1973 b) Luciola 9 are tentatively assigned here. Lloyd (1973 b: 995) described the flashing pattern as “ single, short flashes each 1 sec. Occasionally a dim flash was interposed between the bright flashes ”.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE19FF8BFF3C534B267DED6A.taxon	description	(Figs 12 – 14, 73, 74, 186 – 191)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE19FF8BFF3C534B267DED6A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Atyphella wolfi (Olivier).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE19FF8BFF3C534B267DED6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to many Atyphella especially in outline of pronotum, distinguished by its dorsal colouration of orange pronotum and dark brown elytra with pale orange lateral margins, pale apex and part of suture; male pronotum wider than width across elytral humeri, hypomeron not strongly adpressed in anterior half; pronotal punctation small, sparse, areas between punctures very smooth and shiny; elytra convex-sided. Aedeagus with ML constricted preapically and apex thus appearing slightly bulbous. Female macropterous, coloured as for male; larva not associated. Male. Pronotum (Figs 12, 186, 187) dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation small and widely separated. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum wider across posterior area than rest, pronotal width greater than humeral width. Anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent posteriorly; lateral margins in posterior half diverge then converge with rounded convergence; lateral margins lacking indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane, indentation near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse; posterolateral corners projecting beyond median posterior margin and separated by shallow emargination. Hypomeron closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated in vertical plane, lateral margins not sinuate from above; anterior area of hypomeron not flat to side of head, posterior area widely flat and strongly adpressed; anterior raised area of hypomeron sloping smoothly to posterior flat area; pronotal width / GHW index 1.6. Elytron (Figs 12, 13, 186) with punctation dense, not linear, not as large as pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extending beyond mid-point of elytron, not extending as ridge around apex, not thickened in apical half; 0 or 2 interstitial lines, none exceeding suture; elytral carina absent; viewed from beneath with specimen horizontal epipleuron at elytral base wide, covering humerus, viewed from above epipleuron arising anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron a ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins convex. Head (Fig. 13) moderately depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close; frons-vertex junction rounded, no elevation in median area; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, separated by <ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi non-lunate, strongly flattened, like a wide triangle, inner edge dentate, with 2 elongate ‘ teeth’. Antennae 11 segmented; length greater than GHW to twice GHW; no segments shortened, flattened or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel; all FS longer than wide. Legs (Fig. 13) with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen (Fig. 13) lacking cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins, nor with anterior margins extending into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V 7 entire, occupying half V 7, sometimes less; LO reaching to sides but not posterior margin; neither anterior nor posterior margin of LO medially emarginated; posterior area of V 7 behind LO not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; LO in V 6 entire occupying almost all V 6. MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded, entire, not laterally compressed, short or L = W; MPP not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T 8 apex; lacking dorsal ridge, ventral longitudinal trough. V 7 lacking median carina, median longitudinal trough, narrow anteromedian depression on anterior face of LO, lacking PLP, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘ dimple’ or reflexed lobes. T 7 lacking prolonged posterolateral corners. T 8 symmetrical, wider than long in visible posterior area with lateral margins rounded, never subparallel-sided; visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, lacking median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclining ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V 7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond median posterior margin of V 7; T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs, asymmetrical projections, median posterior longitudinal ridge, median longitudinal trough; concealed anterolateral arms of T 8 longer than visible posterior portion, narrow horizontally, expanded dorsoventrally, not laterally emarginated before origins, apices lacking bifurcation of inner margin and bases lacking ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T 8 not enfolding sides of V 7; transverse band of darker cuticle across posterior ventral margin appears ridge like. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 190, 191) never> 4 times as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; asymmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite emarginated on right side from point of attachment of tergite; sheath not angulate on R or L sides; not subparallel-sided, not evenly emarginated on either side preapically, anterior half of sheath sternite broad, apically rounded, usually with slight median depression; tergite lacking lateral arms extending anteriorly and widely to sides of sternite; tergite not subdivided, lacking lateral projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9; anterior margin of tergite 9 lacking transverse band; with curved pointed slightly sclerotised cuticular piece projecting on left side only (Figs 190, 191) and attaching to muscles arising from anterior portion of T 8. Aedeagus (Figs 188, 189) L / W <3 / 1; LL lacking lateral appendages, visible from beneath at sides of ML; LL / ML wide; LL of equal length; slightly shorter than ML; LL diverging along inner margins and separated there by> half their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is subequal to ML, apices not expanding horizontally, not out – turned; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated, median margin prolonged, broadly rounded; LL lacking hairy appendages along outer ventral margins; apices of LL not out – turned nor inturned; lacking projection on left lateral lobe; inner margins lack slender leaf – like projection; short length of preapical inner margin of LL obliquely truncate, lacking strongly developed tooth at anterior end of emargination. ML symmetrical, lacking paired lateral teeth, single tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not in arrowhead shape, apex bulbous, not inclined ventrally. BP not very wide, not strongly sclerotised, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin, not hooded. Female. (Fig. 14) Macropterous and assumed capable of flight. Pronotum lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas of dorsal surface; punctation small widely separated, not as large as elytron; pronotum always wider across posterior margin; lacking indentation of lateral margin and irregularities at posterolateral corner; pronotal width> humeral width; outline as for male. Elytral punctation not as large as pronotum, nor evenly spaced; interstitial lines 0 or 2; elytral carina absent; convex-sided. Head with eyes smaller than male, of winged female form, can be retracted within prothoracic cavity; antennae on head between eyes; clypeolabral suture present and flexible. No legs or parts thereof swollen and / or curved. LO in V 6 only, lacking any elevations or depressions or ridges on V 7. Larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE19FF8BFF3C534B267DED6A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Convexa is a feminine noun latinised from the English word convex, highlighting the convex – sided elytra.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE19FF8BFF3C534B267DED6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Previous analyses have hinted at the distinctiveness of this species. Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000) grouped this species with a marginipennis, costata and majuscula complex, separate to most of the Australian Atyphella, and (2006) with a flammans – olivieri (Australian) complex.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1BFF85FF3C54FE219AEF1A.taxon	description	(Figs 12 – 14, 73, 74, 186 – 191)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1BFF85FF3C54FE219AEF1A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female. SOLOMON ISLANDS (Museé Senckenberg, Frankfurt). Other material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: North Solomons Pr., Bougainville: 5.40 S, 154.56 E Mutahi 18 km SE Tinputz, 900 m 1 – 7. iii. 1968, RS, 1 male; 1100 m in malaise trap, ii. 1968, Tawi, 2 males (BPBM). 5.40 S, 154.56 E Torpanos, 200 m, 6 km W of Tinputz, malaise trap, 22 – 29. ii. 1968, RS, 6 males (BPBM). 5.55 S, 154.59 E, Togerao, 18 – 21. iv. 1965 RS, 2 males (BPBM). 5.59 S, 154.59 E Kukugai village, 150 m, x – xii. 1960, W. Brandt, 4 females, 6 males. 5.59 S, 154.59 E Kokure, near Crown Prince Range, 900 m, 11. vi. 1956, JS, male. 6.44 S, 155.40 E Konga village (Buin), 6. ii – 21. iii. 1961, W. Brandt, male (ANIC). SOLO- MON ISLANDS: Western Pr., Choiseul: 7.10 S, 156.95 E Kitipi R 80 m, malaise trap, 13. iii. 1964, PS, 3 males (BPBM); Malangona, 10 m, malaise trap, 8. iii. 1964, PS, 1 male. Kolombangara 7.95 S, 157.05 E, Kolombangara R 80 m, malaise trap, 20. iii. 1964, PS, 3 males (BPBM). Isabel Pr., Santa Isabel: 8.23 S, 159.48 E SE Tatamba 0 – 50 m, 5 – 15. ix. 1964 RS, 1 male (malaise trap), 1 female (BPBM). Central Pr., 9.08 S, 160.25 E, Florida Group, Nggela Is: Haleta, 0 – 300 m, 4. x. 1964, RS, 2 males, 1 female (BPBM). Guadalcanal Pr., 9.35 S, 160.12 E Guadalcanal: Lavoro Plantation, 1924, C. Hart, male (AMS); Poha River, 22. viii. 1954, E. Brown, female (NHML). Lame near Mt Tatuve, 300 m 18. v. 1960, COB, male (BPBM). Sol Is Lunga R (bridge) 4. ix. 1960 COB 2 males; Poha R 5 m, 2. vii. 1956 JLG, male; Suta, 500 – 1200 m 27. vi. 1956, JLG 2 males, female (female in light trap) (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1BFF85FF3C54FE219AEF1A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males are associated here. This is one of four similarly coloured species from the Solomons. Pygat. limbatipennis and Pygat. limbatifusca have LO retracted into anterior half of V 7 and posterior area of V 7 arched, MPP often obliquely truncate, posterior area of T 8 venter with curved ridge slightly to one side of middle, and ML of aedeagus with paired lateral teeth. M. limbata has a black MS, lacks the flattened posterior area of the hypomeron and the pronotal punctures are close. Male redescription. 9.9 – 13.2 mm long; 4.8 – 6.3 mm wide; W / L approximately 2 / 1. Colour (Figs 12 – 14, 73): Pronotum bright, shiny orange yellow, (semitransparent where fat body is retracted); MS, MN yellow; elytra dark brown, lateral margin broadly yellow, extending around apex, suture narrowly yellow in at least apical 1 / 3; head, antennae, palpi dark brown; ventral aspect of thorax pale yellow – brown, legs yellow – dingy orange with tibiae yellow or brown, tarsi brown; basal abdominal ventrites yellow, V 5 very narrowly brown across posterior margin; LO creamy in V 6, 7; posterior ½ or more of V 7 semitransparent, yellow; tergites yellow (7, 8 paler than rest); T 7 narrowly dark along posterior margin. Pronotum: 2.1 – 3.0 mm long; 3.8 – 4.8 mm wide; W / L 1.6 – 1.7; surface of pronotum very smooth and shiny; punctures very small, shallow, separated by 1 – 2 X width of puncture. Elytra: 7.5 – 10.3 mm long; interstitial lines not as well – defined as suture, 4 lines usually visible (except for Kukugai – 1, Mutuhi – 1, Togerao – 2, Torpanos – 1, and Choiseul – 3, where only the inner one or two lines approach the suture). Head: GHW 2.1 – 2.8 mm; SIW 0.2 – 0.3 mm; SIW / GHW 0.09 – 0.12; ASD <ASW, sockets close not contiguous; frons 5 x ASW, frons-vertex junction rounded. Mouthparts with apical segment of labial palpi flattened, like a wide triangle, pattern of teeth varying sometimes from L to R palp and within and between different island locations (base of palp with broad blunt tooth, median narrower tooth and apical broad bluntly rounded tooth on both palpi from Kukugai, Mutahi, Togerao, Choiseul, Poha, Santa Isabel, Malangona, Haleta, Suta and Lame; left palp entire or with one incision, right palp with 3 teeth as described above in some Kukugai, Torpanos; right palp entire, left palp with 2 teeth in Mutahi; right palp with 3 teeth, left palp with 2 in some Torpanos; right and left palp with one broad preapical incision appearing as two teeth, basal one very broad in some Choiseul, Haleta; left palp with 3, right palp as above in some Choiseul). Aedeagal sheath: (Figs 190, 191) lacking median depression of anterior margin of sternite in Guadalcanal (Lunga R) and Santa Isabel male. Female. (Fig. 14) Macropterous. 13 – 15 mm long (usually longer and wider than males). Coloured as for male except for pale V 7, 8. V 7 with median posterior margin broadly and shallowly emarginated and posterolateral corners broadly rounded; median posterior margin of V 8 narrowly emarginated; T 8 with lateral margins converging gently posteriorly and posterior margin rounded.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE1BFF85FF3C54FE219AEF1A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Assignment of males to this species is supported by the colouration, the distinctively shiny pronotum with small and well – separated punctures, and the very convex-sided elytra, all consistent with the type female, as well as the geographical location. Four species (M. limbata, C. wolfi, Pygat. limbatipennis and Pygat. limbatifusca sp. n.) with similar dorsal colouration of pale margined elytra, occur in the Solomon Islands (see Table 7). Only C. wolfi has elytra margined along three sides, and it occurs in the more northerly part of the range from Bougainville, to Choiseul, through Gizo and Kolombangara to Santa Isabel with the most southerly records from Guadalcanal. With the exception of Vella Lavella and Malaita its distribution parallels that of Pygat. salomonis, which lacks the pale margined elytra.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE15FF86FF3C56342636E81A.taxon	description	(Figs 192 – 203)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE15FF86FF3C56342636E81A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Atyphella messoria Olivier.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE15FF86FF3C56342636E81A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of only two genera of the Atyphella ‘ complex’ with pale dorsal colouration, and elytral apices pale or dark. Distinguished from Aquilonia by its geographic location (Aquilonia is restricted to Australia), the divergent lateral margins of the pronotum that converge in the posterior area with rounded convergence, and the paler colour. Male. Pronotum (Figs 15, 196) dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum (Fig. 196) wider across posterior area than rest; pronotal width subequal to or> humeral width. Anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent posteriorly, lateral margins in posterior half diverge then converge with rounded convergence; lacking indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; lacking indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners rounded; rounded corners obtuse, posterolateral corners project beyond median posterior margin and separated by shallow emargination. Hypomera closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated vertically; anterior area of hypomeron not flat to side of head, posterior area flat but not closely adpressed; pronotal width / GHW index 1.6. Elytron punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extend beyond mid-point, do not extend as a ridge around apex and without any further expansion of either; 0 or 2 interstitial lines, inner two not exceeding suture; elytral carina absent; viewed from below with specimen horizontal epipleuron at elytral base wide, covers humerus from below, and viewed from above arises anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins slightly convex-sided. Head moderately depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, lacking median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, separated by <ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when head viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi non – lunate, strongly flattened, in the shape of a wide triangle, with inner edge irregular not dentate. Antennae 11 segmented; length subequal to GHW up to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel; in very short antennae FS may be subequal in length and width. Legs with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen lacking cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V 7 entire, reaching sides but not posterior margin and occupying most of V 7; posterior half of V 7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; LO present in V 6, occupying almost all V 6. MPP present, apex rounded, entire, not laterally compressed, short, not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T 8 apex, lacking dorsal ridge and median longitudinal trough. V 7 lacking median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, PLP, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘ dimple’, or reflexed lobes. T 7 lacking prolonged posterolateral corners. T 8 not strongly sclerotised, symmetrical, W = L, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, lacking prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V 7 nor MPP, nor extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V 7; T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs, median longitudinal trough, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T 8 present, not as long as visible posterior portion of T 8, and broad, not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, apices lacking bifurcation of inner margin and bases lacking ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T 8 not enfolding sides of V 7. Aedeagal sheath never> 4 times as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; asymmetrical in posterior area where sheath ventrite emarginated on right side from point of attachment of tergite; sternite not angulate on L or R sides, not subparallel-sided, posterior margin entire, not emarginated on either side preapically, and rounded; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded (with a short median point in specimen standing next to type of messoria); tergite lacking lateral arms that extend widely anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite not subdivided, lacking projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9, a narrow band across anterior margin of tergite 9 may be darker than rest; with pale cuticular piece that projects on left side only and attaches to muscles arising from anterior portion of abdominal T 8. Aedeagus L / W 3 / 1; essentially subparallel-sided; LL lack lateral appendages, are visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL / ML wide to moderate; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML, not diverging along inner margins, and separated there by> half their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is narrower than that of ML with apices not expanded horizontally; base of LL (from above) symmetrical, not excavated, margin prolonged and pointed entire; LL lacking lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, which are not produced preapically nor narrowly on their inner apical margin and are obliquely truncate along their preapical inner margins; apices of LL not inturned, nor out – turned; lacking projection on left LL only; inner margins lack slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, lacking paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, and apex not in shape of arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP not very narrow, not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, and not strongly emarginated along anterior margin. Female (associated by similarity of colour and label data). Macropterous. Pronotum lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotum> humeral width; indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner, absent; outline as for male. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum nor evenly spaced; 2 interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. Head of winged female form. No legs or parts thereof swollen and / or curved. LO in V 6 only, lacking any elevations or depressions or ridges on V 7. Larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE15FF86FF3C56342636E81A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name, a feminine noun, emphasizes the pale dorsal colouration and the island habitat (gilva from gilvus Latin for pale yellow, and insula Latin for island).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE17FF87FF3C57DE20ADEA6C.taxon	description	(Figs 15, 16, 192, 195, 196, 199 – 203)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE17FF87FF3C57DE20ADEA6C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 10.38 S, 152.44 E. Specimen labelled (Fig. 195) 1. (printed) St Aignan, (= Misima Island) VIII to XI. 97 (Meek); 2. (Handwritten on pink paper) ‘ messoria Ern Oliv. ’ (MNHN). Other specimen examined. Male, same locality as type (MNHN).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE17FF87FF3C57DE20ADEA6C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Very similar to G. similismessoria, distinguished by the pale dorsal colouration. Male redescription. 10.5 – 11.4 mm long; 4.0 mm wide; W / L 0.35 – 0.4. Colour: (Figs 15, 16) Dorsally light brownish yellow; head between eyes, antennae and palpi brown; ventral surface of rest of body light brownish yellow except for dark brown tibiae and tarsi of all legs, brown posterior half of V 5 (wider at edges and narrower in middle), pale creamy LO in V 6, 7; tergites yellow semitransparent. Pronotum: 2.2 – 2.4 mm long; 3.5 – 4.0 mm wide; W / L 1.6; pronotal width subequal to humeral width. Elytron: 8.3 – 9.0 mm long; interstitial lines not as well developed as suture in type male, lines 1, 2 as well – defined in second male especially in basal half. Head: GHW 2.2 – 2.3 mm; SIW 0.4; SIW / GHW 0.16 – 0.18; ASD subequal to ASW. Apical segment of labial palpi with inner edge of right palp bisinuate with a fairly broad truncate basal area, of left palp with a shallow median incision about 1 / 3 length from tip. Aedeagal sheath (199, 200): median anterior margin of sheath sternite slightly prolonged, very dark coloured, and pointed in non type male.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE17FF87FF3C57DE20ADEA6C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This colouration, rarely seen in New Guinea and Australia, is widespread in Asia (Ballantyne obs; Jeng pers. comm.). The analysis distinguishes two species of Gilvainsula gen. n. from coastal and island localities off the SE coast of Papua New Guinea based on their dorsal colouration. It is very possible they represent the two extremes of one population.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE17FF80FF3C53F322E7EF62.taxon	description	(Figs 193, 194, 197, 198)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE17FF80FF3C53F322E7EF62.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 8.40 S, 148.24 E, Buna Bay, C T McNamara (BPBM). Paratypes (13). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 8.40 S, 148.24 E, Buna Bay, C T McNamara (4 males 4 females SAM; 2 males BPBM). 9.30 S, 150.40 E, Fergusson Is H K Bartlett, 1 male (SAM). 10.38 S, 152.44 E, Misima Is (= St Aignan), H K Bartlett, 1 female; R Andrew 1 male (SAM). Male. 9.9 – 11.7 mm long; 3.0 – 5.2 mm wide; W / L 0.3 – 0.4. Colour: Coloured as for G. messoria with these differences: apical 1 / 5 or less of elytral apex dark brown; elytra in Fergusson male light orange brown. Pronotum: 1.9 – 2.3 mm long; 3.5 – 4.5 mm wide; W / L 1.8 – 2.2; pronotal width greater than hypomeral width in 3 males (Fergusson Is, Misima Is and Buna Bay). Elytron: 8.0 – 9.4 mm long; two inner interstitial lines approach the suture in development. Head: GHW 2.2 – 2.8; SIW 0.3 – 0.4; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW. Apical segment of labial palpi irregular not dentate, both bisinuate along outer margin (Buna Bay and one Misima Is male), right palp slightly indented preapically with left palp with shallow median indentation (Misima Is male), and very feebly trisinuate in apical area (Ferguson Is). Aedeagal sheath: apex of sheath sternite curved dorsally, broadly pointed, pale coloured; anterior margin of sheath tergite not with darker anterior band, differentiated from posterior area as it is slightly sclerotised; cuticular piece on left side of tergite barely distinguishable. Female. 11 – 15 mm long. Macropterous and assumed capable of flight. Coloured as for male except for pale semitransparent V 7, 8. Pronotal outline as for male. Head of winged female form, can be partially retracted within prothoracic cavity. Median posterior margin of V 7 broadly and shallowly emarginated, with posterolateral areas of posterior margin straight and very slightly oblique; median posterior margin of V 8 narrowly emarginated. Lateral margins of T 8 converge posteriorly with posterior margin rounded. Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE17FF80FF3C53F322E7EF62.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name (similis Latin alike) emphasizes the similarity of this species to G. messoria.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE10FF82FF3C56D62196ECA2.taxon	description	(Figs 204 – 224)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE10FF82FF3C56D62196ECA2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Atyphella majuscula Lea.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE10FF82FF3C56D62196ECA2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished most obviously among New Guinean species by its strong dorsal colouration of orange pronotum and dark elytra; pronotal width subequal to humeral width; anterior hypomeron not flat to neck; 2 – 3 interstitial lines; antennae longer than GHW; labial palpi apical segment dentate and laterally flattened, 2 or more teeth; median longitudinal trough may be present on ventral surface of T 8; anterior prolongations of T 8 longer than posterior entire portion, narrow and expanded vertically; aedeagus with LL / ML wide; LL not diverging along their median dorsal length and narrower at their apex than ML; BP hooded. Known female macropterous and coloured like male. Associated larva with laterally explanate tergal margins concealing laterotergites from above. Male. Pronotum dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum wider across posterior area than rest, never subparallel-sided; pronotal width subequal to humeral width. Anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent posteriorly; lateral margins in posterior half usually diverge then converge with rounded convergence except diverging along length in japenensis sp. n. and some wareo sp. n.; lateral margins lacking indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in horizontal or vertical plane, indentation near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners rounded or angulate; rounded corners obtuse, or subequal to 90 °, angulate corners 90 ° or less, never very acute, inclined obliquely to median line; posterolateral corners project to or beyond median posterior margin and separated by shallow emargination or not. Hypomeron closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated in vertical plane, lateral margins not sinuate from above; anterior area of hypomeron not flat to side of head, posterior area flat and strongly adpressed; median area sloping smoothly from anterior raised area to posterior flat area; pronotal width / GHW index 1.6. Elytral punctation dense, not linear, not as large as pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extend beyond mid-point of elytron, not extending as a ridge around apex, not thickened in their apical half; 2 or 3 interstitial lines, none exceed suture; elytral carina absent; in horizontal specimen viewed from beneath epipleuron at elytral base wide, covers humerus, viewed from above arises anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as a ridge along most of its length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided or convex. Head moderately depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes close to moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close to moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, no elevation in median area; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, separated by <ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi non – lunate, strongly flattened, like a wide triangle, inner edge dentate, with 2 or more ‘ teeth’. Antennae 11 segmented; length greater than GHW to twice GHW; no segments shortened, flattened or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel; all FS longer than wide. Legs with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen lacking cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins, nor with anterior margins extending into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V 7 entire, occupying most of V 7; entire LO reaching to sides not posterior margin; neither anterior nor posterior margin of LO medially emarginated; posterior area of V 7 behind LO not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; LO in V 6 entire, occupying almost all V 6. MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded, entire, not laterally compressed, short or L = W; MPP not strongly inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T 8 apex; lacking dorsal ridge, ventral longitudinal trough. V 7 lacking median carina, median longitudinal trough, narrow anteromedian depression on anterior face of LO, lacking PLP, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘ dimple’ or reflexed lobes. T 7 lacking prolonged posterolateral corners. T 8 usually well sclerotised; symmetrical, sometimes slightly longer than wide in visible posterior area where lateral margins either converge gently posteriorly, or W = L, never subparallel-sided; visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, lacking median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V 7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond median posterior margin of V 7; T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; with obvious elongate, margined, median longitudinal trough in majuscula only; concealed anterolateral arms of T 8 shorter than, as long as or longer than visible posterior portion, narrow horizontally, expanded dorsoventrally, not laterally emarginated before their origins, apices lacking bifurcation of inner margin and bases lacking ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T 8 not enfolding sides of V 7. Aedeagal sheath never> 4 times as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; asymmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite emarginated on right side from point of attachment of tergite; sheath not angulate on R or L sides; not subparallel-sided, not emarginated on either side preapically, anterior half of sheath sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite lacking lateral arms that extend anteriorly at sides of sternite; tergite not subdivided, lacking lateral projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9; tergite 9 lacking dark anterior transverse band (a narrow anterior area of sheath tergite often more heavily sclerotised, but not darker, than rest); tergite lacking cuticular projection to left for muscle attachment. Aedeagus L / W 3 / 1; LL lack lateral appendages, visible from beneath at sides of ML; LL / ML wide; LL of equal length; slightly shorter than median lobe; LL not diverging along inner margins and separated there by> half their length; LL base width does not = LL apex width which is narrower than ML; LL apices not expanded horizontally, not out – turned; preapical inner and outer margins of LL obliquely truncate; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated, median margin prolonged, pointed, entire; LL lacking hairy appendages along outer ventral margins; apices of LL not out – turned nor inturned; lacking projection on left lateral lobe; inner margins lack slender leaf – like projection; preapical inner margin of LL obliquely truncate, lacking strongly developed tooth at anterior end of emargination. ML symmetrical, lacking paired lateral teeth, single tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not in arrowhead shape, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally. BP not very narrow, not strongly sclerotised, not strongly emarginated along its anterior margin; hooded. Female. Macropterous and assumed capable of flight. Pronotum lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas of dorsal surface; punctation moderate to dense, not as large as elytron; always wider across posterior margin; indentation of lateral margin and irregularities at posterolateral corner absent; pronotal width subequal to humeral width; outline as for male. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum, nor evenly spaced; interstitial lines 2 – 3; elytral carina absent. Head of winged female form, with eyes smaller than male, can be retracted within prothoracic cavity, lacking any anterior prolongation; antennae on head between eyes; clypeolabral suture present and flexible. No legs or parts thereof swollen and / or curved. LO in V 6 only, lacking any elevations or depressions or ridges on V 7. Larva. Known only in Ll. majuscula (Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000); terrestrial; tergal plates sclerotised to margins, lateral tergal margins explanate, slightly ridged, hairy and spinose, covering laterotergites which are not visible from above; arrangement of plates in ventral aspect of thorax and abdomen agrees with that described (Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000; Ballantyne & Menayah, 2002). Protergum wider than long, lacking tubercles along its anterior margin; posterolateral corners acute; median posterior margins of terga 1 – 11 lacking either rounded or pointed projections, posterolateral corners slightly acute; posterolateral corners of terminal tergum slightly produced; punctures in anterior area of terga 2 – 11 slightly larger than rest of area; median line extends from anterior to posterior margins in most segments, lacks raised margins; lacking brush of hairs around tarsal claws; mandibles lacking inner teeth; antennal segment 3 short, sense cone adjacent to segment 3 short and wide; with laterosternites on abdominal segments 1 – 8.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE10FF82FF3C56D62196ECA2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Although named in honour of a male the generic name is a feminine noun latinised from the English name Lloyd (the most appropriate masculine derivative was already in use).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE10FF82FF3C56D62196ECA2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. I have much pleasure in naming this genus for James Lloyd in appreciation not only of a lifetime dedicated to the pursuit of the elusive firefly and its problems, but also in recognition of his and Dorothy’s considerable support and kindnesses to me in my own pursuit.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE12FF83FF3C518E268CED9A.taxon	description	(Figs 205, 209, 212 – 214, 217 – 219, 222)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE12FF83FF3C518E268CED9A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. INDONESIA IRIAN JAYA: 1.45 S, 136.15 E, Japen Is, Mt Baduri, 1000 ft, VIII. 1938 L Cheesman (NHML). Paratypes (3). Same data as for holotype, female, 2 males (NHML).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE12FF83FF3C518E268CED9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of a group of three species that strongly resemble Ll. majuscula in colour, size, and shape, distinguished as follows: Ll. uberia sp. n. has rounded posterolateral corners on the pronotum (the other three have angulate corners); Ll. majuscula is Australian, and has a well – defined longitudinal groove on the ventral side of T 8 (the other three species lack such a development); Ll. wareo sp. n. has lateral margins that converge posteriorly, posterolateral corners subequal to 90 º, and antennal sockets almost contiguous (Ll. japenensis sp. n. has lateral pronotal margins that diverge along their length, posterolateral corners less than 90 º, and antennal sockets are not contiguous). Male. 10.5 – 10.6 mm long; 4.3 – 4.4 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 205, 209): Pronotum orange, semitransparent, fat body visible in irregular clumps; MS and MN slightly paler; elytra very dark brown; head, antennae, palpi, apical ¼ of femora and tibiae and tarsi of all legs, abdominal V 2 – 5, and tergites 2 – 6, almost black; ventral aspect of thorax pale yellow; tergites 7, 8 pale yellow. Pronotum: 2.0 – 2.1 mm long; 3.5 mm wide; W / L 1.6; lateral margins diverge along their length with very slight convergence in 1 / 3; posterolateral corners angulate, <90 ° obliquely inclined to median line and projecting beyond median posterior margin. Elytron: with 2 well – defined interstitial lines (1, 2) and fainter traces of line 3. Head: GHW 2.1 – 2.3 mm; SIW 0.3; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW (sockets close but not contiguous). Apical segment of labial palpi with 2 teeth (developed at base and apex of inner longer edge), basal tooth in 1 / 3 males with a slight emargination (appears as 2 very short teeth). Abdomen, ventrites (Fig. 222): LO extends to sides and close to posterior margin of V 7. MPP short broad and curves slightly dorsally along its length (may be a postmortem effect). Tergites: T 8 quite well sclerotised; wider than long in posterior visible area and lateral margins converge slightly posteriorly; ventral surface lacking median longitudinal groove. Aedeagus Figs 213 – 215. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 218 – 220) with sheath sternite very broad in posterior half.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE12FF83FF3C518E268CED9A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is Latinised and genitive case from the locality name.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE13FF83FF3C534E2778EB8C.taxon	description	(Fig. 223)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE13FF83FF3C534E2778EB8C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. AUSTRALIA: Coen District. (SAM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE13FF83FF3C534E2778EB8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Australian species were distinguished in Ballantyne and Lambkin (2000). This is the only Lloydiella in which there is a clear median longitudinal trough in a well sclerotised T 8, and 3 fairly well – defined interstitial lines (1 – 3); MPP short and narrow; aedeagal sheath with posterior area of sternite moderately broad (e. g. like Fig 220). Larva dorsally cream with extensive but irregular brown markings.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE13FFFCFF3C51532706EFC2.taxon	description	(Figs 204, 208, 210, 215, 220, 224)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE13FFFCFF3C51532706EFC2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Chimbu Pr., Uberie, 29. ix. 1966, R Carver & W Mackay (DAPM). Paratypes (5). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Chimbu Pr., Uberie, 29. ix. 1966, R Carver & W Mackay, males (DAPM)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE13FFFCFF3C51532706EFC2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished by the rounded obtuse posterolateral corners of the pronotum, narrow MPP, dark metasternum and moderately broad posterior area of the aedeagal sheath sternite. Male. 10.0 – 11.3 mm long; 3.3 – 4.0 mm wide; W / L 0.3. Colour (Figs 204, 208, 211): Pronotum, MS and MN orange yellow (pronotum is semitransparent and fat body shows through cuticle in clumps); elytra very dark brown almost black; head, antennae and palpi dark brown; ventral aspect of pro and mesothorax yellowish, of metasternum and metepisternal plates dark brown, metepipleural plates yellow; all legs orange yellow except for dark brown apical 1 / 3 femora and all of tibiae and tarsi; abdominal V 2 – 5 very dark brown as are tergites 2 – 6; LO creamy white; T 7, 8 pale orange. Pronotum (Figs 204, 208, 210) 2.0 – 2.4 mm long; 3.3 – 4.0 mm wide; W / L 1.6; lateral margins diverge posteriorly with rounded convergence; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse, projecting beyond median posterior margin. Elytron: 8.0 – 8.9 mm long; with 2 well – defined interstitial lines. Head: GHW 2.3 – 2.6; SIW 0.3; SIW / GHW 0.1. Apical segment of labial palpi with two teeth (one at apex and a slightly wider one at base). Abdomen, ventrites: MPP short narrow prominent, not inclined dorsally along its length. Tergites: T 8 with lateral margins rounded; lacking median groove on ventral surface. Aedeagal sheath with sheath sternite moderately broad in posterior half (Fig. 221).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE13FFFCFF3C51532706EFC2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is considered a noun in apposition and reflects the type locality.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6CFFFCFF3C5506272EE8AC.taxon	description	(Figs 206, 207, 211, 216, 221)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6CFFFCFF3C5506272EE8AC.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Madang Pr., 6.6 S, 147.85 E, Finschaven (sic), Wareo, L Wagner (SAM). Paratypes (12) PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Finschaven (sic), Wareo, L Wagner 11 males, female (missing head and pronotum) (SAM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6CFFFCFF3C5506272EE8AC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Very similar to Ll. japenensis, distinguished by its locality, the narrowly separated antennal sockets, and the very narrow posterior half of the aedeagal sheath sternite. Male. 11.0 – 12.3 mm long; 4.5 – 5.0 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 206, 207, 211): Pronotum, MS and MN orange yellow; pronotum with very faint traces of median paired brown marks in 4 / 12; elytra very dark brown almost black; head and maxillary palpi dark brown, antennae and labial palpi slightly lighter brown; ventral abdomen very dark brown except for white LO; abdominal tergites dark brown, T 7, 8 pale, semitransparent, T 7 may be faintly mottled in middle. Pronotum: 2.0 – 2.3 mm long; 3.4 – 3.9 mm wide; W / L 1.7; lateral margins diverge posteriorly with some slight convergence in posterior area (8 / 12) or diverge along their length (3 / 12) with one specimen having divergent left margin and convergent right margin; posterolateral corners angulate, <90 °, and inclined obliquely to the median line. Elytron: 9.0 – 10.0 mm long; with 2 well – defined interstitial lines (1, 2). Head: GHW 2.1 – 2.6; SIW 0.3 – 0.4; SIW / GHW 0.1. Apical segment of labial palpi with 2 teeth (broad basal and more slender apical). Abdomen, ventrites (Fig. 211): MPP relatively broad, similar to that of Ll. Japenensis, with apex inclining slightly dorsally. Tergites: T 8 not heavily sclerotised, lateral margins converge slightly posteriorly, posterior margin broadly rounded, ventral surface lacking median longitudinal groove. Aedeagus (Fig. 216). Aedeagal sheath (Fig. 221) with posterior half of sternite very narrow. Female. Assumed capable of flight. Missing head and pronotum, otherwise coloured as for male except for very pale, whitish and semitransparent V 7 and 8. Posterior margin of V 7 medially shallowly emarginated, lateral areas broadly rounded; median posterior margin of V 8 narrowly emarginated. T 8 with lateral margins converging posteriorly and posterior margin rounded. Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6CFFFCFF3C5506272EE8AC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is considered a noun in apposition reflecting the type locality.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6CFFFEFF3C51A6234BE892.taxon	description	(Figs 17, 18, 225 – 245)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6CFFFEFF3C51A6234BE892.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Luciola limbata Blanchard	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6CFFFEFF3C51A6234BE892.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pronotum wider across posterior margin than rest, never subparallel-sided; anterior hypomeron flat to neck in rennellia only; flattened posterior area strongly adpressed except in limbata; epipleuron does not continue around apex as a ridge; antennal sockets never contiguous; frons-vertex junction rounded, never angulate; mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi strongly flattened, in the form of a narrow to wide triangle, with inner (longer) margin either irregular not dentate – if dentate then 2 teeth; apical segment of labial palpi never ovoid entire. Male. Pronotum dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum wider across posterior area than rest; pronotal width greater than or subequal to humeral width. Anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent posteriorly; lateral margins in posterior half diverge then converge with rounded convergence; lacking indentation at mid-point, or sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; lacking indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners rounded, obtuse; posterolateral corners project beyond median posterior margin, separated by scarcely defined emargination in limbata or well – defined emargination in remainder. Hypomera closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated vertically; anterior area of hypomeron not flat to side of head except in rennellia sp. n., posterior area of hypomeron widely flat, surfaces approach closely but are strongly adpressed except for limbata; pronotal width / GHW index 1.6. Elytron punctation dense, not linear, not as large as pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extending beyond mid-point, not extending as a ridge around apex; epipleuron and suture not expanded in apical half; 2 – 4 interstitial lines, inner two do not exceed suture; elytral carina absent; viewed from beneath with specimen horizontal epipleuron at elytral base wide, covering humerus, viewed from above epipleuron arises anterior to posterior margin of MS; epipleuron a lateral ridge along most of its length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided (slightly convex-sided in carolinae). Head moderately depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close; frons-vertex junction rounded, lacking median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, separated by <ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi non – lunate, strongly flattened, like a narrow to wide triangle, with inner edge irregular not dentate, or with 2 inner teeth in some carolinae. Antennae 11 segmented; length subequal to GHW up to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel; in very short antennae FS may be subequal in length and width. Legs with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen lacking cuticular remnants around aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of more anterior segment; LO in V 7 entire, occupying most of V 7, reaching sides but not posterior margin; neither anterior nor posterior margin of LO in V 7 emarginate; posterior half of V 7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; LO present in V 6, occupying almostV 6. MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded, entire, not laterally compressed, short, not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by T 8 apex, lacking dorsal ridge and median longitudinal trough. V 7 lacking median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, PLP, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘ dimple’, or reflexed lobes. T 7 lacking prolonged posterolateral corners. T 8 not strongly sclerotised, symmetrical, W = L, visible posterior area not narrowing abruptly, lacking prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V 7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V 7; lateral margins of T 8 not enfolding V 7 at sides; T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs, median longitudinal trough, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T 8 either very short in limbata, or not as long as visible posterior part of T 8, narrow horizontally, not laterally emarginated before their origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, apices lacking bifurcation of inner margin and bases lacking ventrally directed pieces. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 239 – 241) never> 4 times as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; asymmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite emarginated on right side from point of attachment of tergite; sternite not angulate on L or R sides, not subparallel-sided in broad anterior or posterior areas, posterior margin entire, not emarginated on either side preapically, rounded; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite lacking lateral arms that extend anteriorly at sides of sheath sternite; tergite not subdivided, lacking projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9, anterior margin of tergite 9 lacking transverse band. Aedeagus elongate subparallel – sided, L / W 3 / 1; LL lack lateral appendages, visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL / ML moderate; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML, not diverging along inner dorsal margins except in carolinae, separated there by> half their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is subequal to that of ML with apices not expanded horizontally; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, not excavated, median margin prolonged, either acutely entire in limbata or rounded entire; LL lacking lateral hairy appendages along outer ventral margins, not produced preapically nor narrowly on inner apical margin, not obliquely truncate along preapical inner margins except in rennellia sp. n.; a tooth occurs on preapical inner margins in both limbata and rennellia sp. n. and is very strongly developed in the former; apices of LL not inturned, not out – turned except in carolinae; lacking projection on left LL only; inner margins lacking slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, lacking paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, and apex not in shape of arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP not very narrow, not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, and not strongly emarginated along anterior margin. Female. Macropterous and assumed capable of flight. Pronotum lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotum> humeral width; indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner, absent; outline as for that of male. Elytral punctation, not as large as that of pronotum nor evenly spaced; 2 interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. Head of winged female form. No legs or parts thereof swollen and / or curved. LO in V 6 only, lacking any elevations or depressions or ridges on V 7. Larva not reliably associated, possible association with limbata only. Terrestrial; tergal plates sclerotised to margins, lateral tergal margins explanate, thickened, and covering laterotergites which are not visible from above; arrangement of plates in ventral aspect of thorax and abdomen agrees with that described (Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000; Ballantyne & Menayah, 2002). Protergum W> L, tubercles absent along anterior margin, posterolateral corners round, and median line with non-ridged margins; median line extends to anterior and posterior margins of most terga; punctures in anterior half of terga 2 – 10 larger than rest; posterolateral corners of terga 1 – 8 rounded entire, of tergum 12 produced narrowly; median posterior margins of terga 1 – 11 lacking either rounded or pointed projections; lacking brush of hairs around tarsal claws; mandibles lacking inner teeth; antennal segment 3 short, sense cone adjacent to segment 3 short and wide; with laterosternites on abdominal segments 1 – 8.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6CFFFEFF3C51A6234BE892.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Magnalata (magna = large, lata = widespread; feminine noun) is so named to emphasize the size of its largest species (limbata is the largest of the Solomon Islands firefly fauna) and its wide distribution across the islands.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6FFFF8FF3C543626CEEA42.taxon	description	(Figs 225, 226, 233, 234, 237)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6FFFF8FF3C543626CEEA42.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. REPUBLIC OF PALAU: labelled (Fig. 237) 1. Type; 2. ♂; 3. Caroline Is., F. W. Christian, 98 – 200; 4. Lai near Gorgor Point, South Yap; 5. handwritten ‘ carolinae Ern Oliv. ’ (NHML). Other material examined. REPUBLIC OF PALAU: 9.30 S, 138.10 E, Yap Island: 3 males, Yap Hill, behind Yap town, 3. xii. 1952, 50 m, light trap, JLG (one male no collector or light trap); Balabat, 16. v. 1936, Z. Ono, 1 male; 80 (sic). ix. 1987, Y Haneda, 1 male (det. W. Wittmer). 7.00 S, 134.00 E, Angaur Island, 16. iv. 1936, Y. Kondo, 3 males (I male det K. G. Blair). (BPBM)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6FFFF8FF3C543626CEEA42.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males exist in three colour variations: 1. Dorsal surface of elytra and pronotum entirely brown to dark brown (Fig 225), or pronotum may be mottled brownish orange (Fig. 226). 2. Pronotum, MS and MN orange with extensive darker brown markings, elytra dark brown. 3. Pronotum MS and MN orange with no darker markings; elytra dark brown. Colour pattern 1 similar to Bourgeoisia hypocrita Olivier, which has a black dorsal surface, very shiny elytra (dull in carolinae), no flat lateral pronotal areas (posterior half flat in carolinae), a pale ventral surface, no apparent LO in V 7, paired LOs in V 6 (full LOs in both these ventrites in carolinae), and posterolateral eye excavations (missing in carolinae). Distinguished from Atyphella aphrogeneia by the variations in pronotal colouration, the pronotal width / humeral width ratio, and elytral apical modifications in aphrogeneia. Male. 8.0 – 9.2 mm long; 3.0 – 3.5 mm wide, approximately 3 X as long as wide. Colour (Figs 225, 226): Three colour varieties exist: 1. (Type) entirely very dark brown except for pale LOs and pale tergites 7, 8. 2. Yap Island Yap Hill males (3), Balabat (1) – pronotum orange with overall brown markings (more obvious on margins of punctures), all margins slightly paler dingy orange, median area paler dingy orange in 1 / 3 males; MN dingy with darker median brown spot; MS coloured like pronotum; elytra mid-brown, dull; head dark brown, antennae, palpi apices and labrum pale brown (except in Balabat male where labial palpi are pale yellow); ventral thorax orange with metasternum brown (semitransparent); legs orange except for brown tibiae, tarsi and coxae 3; tergites dark brown except for 7, 8. 3. Yap Island (Haneda) male, Angaur Island 3 males – pronotum, MS, MN orange, all legs yellow except for dingy brown tips of tibiae and all of tarsi; elytra with lateral margin narrowly light brown and semitransparent; ventral abdomen (except for V 6 and V 7) yellow with V 5 brown. Pronotum. 2.7 – 3.0 mm wide; 1.4 – 1.8 mm long; W / L 1.6 – 1.9; dorsal surface smooth, densely punctate, punctures contiguous over most of surface; posterolateral corners rounded obtuse, projecting a little behind median posterior margin, and separated from it by shallow emarginations; anterior portion of hypomeron not flat; posterior portion of hypomeron flat. Elytron (Figs 225, 226): convex-sided; 5.3 – 6.3 mm long; 4 well – defined interstitial lines. Head: GHW 1.8 – 1.9 mm; SIW 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 1 / 9; ASD <ASW, antennal sockets very close but not contiguous; frons-vertex junction rounded, frons 2 X ASW. Mouthparts well developed, probably functional; apical segment of labial palpi laterally compressed, subtriangular, inner longer margin irregular in outline, having a basal wide truncate projection, a wide median emargination and a slightly narrow apex. Antennal length subequal to GHW; 11 segmented. Abdomen, ventrites: LO occupying all of V 6; LO in V 7 entire; reaching sides but not posterior margin, occupying most of the area of V 7. Tergites: T 8 as wide as long; posterior half as wide as anterior half; anterior prolongations of T 8 much shorter than rest of T 8, pointed. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 240, 241) with posterior margin of sternite rounded, with no projection. Aedeagus L / W 3 / 1, LL / ML 2.8; lateral margins subparallel; LL slightly shorter than ML, apices rounded, out-turned and subequal to width of apex of ML, slightly wider than base of ML, and lacking tooth on their preapical inner margins; LL diverge along their length but not widely separated at their apices; base of LL produced anteriorly and broadly rounded. Female and larva unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6FFFF8FF3C543626CEEA42.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ballantyne and Buck (1979) highlighted the colour similarity of this species to Luciola (now Atyphella) aphrogeneia, which is presently known only from coral outcrops along the New Guinea coastline, and is readily distinguished by the elytral characteristics. Blair’s (1940) specimens (examined here) were from Angaur and Yap Islands. Nothing is known of the biology and ecology of M. carolinae. This study distinguishes Wittmer’s subspecies palauensis as a distinct species and it is transferred to Atyphella.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE68FFFAFF3C53862136EAAA.taxon	description	(Figs 17, 18, 227, 228, 229, 230, 235, 236, 238, 239, 244)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE68FFFAFF3C53862136EAAA.taxon	description	Luciola rubiginosa: ' Patria' (? = New Hebrides, McDermott, 1966). (MNHN). Specimens Examined. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Isabel Pr., 8.00 S, 159.10 E, Santa Isabel, Tatamba, 2 – 6. x. 1965, Roy Soc Exped, village garden, low vegetation, 4 males (NHML); 29. ix. 1965, wooded hillside behind rest house, male (NHML). Malaita Pr., 9.00 S, 161.00 E, Malaita: Auki, 2 – 20 m, 18. ix. 1957, JLG, 2 males (BPBM); Malaita, 28. v. 1955 E Brown, 6 males (NHML). Central Pr., Florida Group: Big Nggela 9.00 S, 160.00 E, Takopekope, COB, 12. ix. 1960, 2 females, 10 males; Gairava, 14. ix. 1960, 2 males. Nggela, Dende, 8. i. 1912, 1 male (NHML). Tulagi, R Lever, 2 males (One labelled luminous) (NHML). 9.08 S, 160.25 E, Small Nggela, Vunuha, 19. ix. 1960, COB, light trap, 3 males (BPBM). 9.60 S, 160.20 E Guadalcanal Pr., 10 mi NW Honiara at Mavo Bridge, xi. 25, 26.1969, J. E. Lloyd, 2 males (G 653, 656 flashing data associated), 1 female (G 659) (JELC). Makira Pr., San Cristobal: 10.30 S, 161.49 E, Kira Kira, COB, 24. vii. – 1. viii. 1960, 75 males, 2 females (BPBM). Maniate, COB, 6. viii. 1960, 5 males (BPBM); Manipwena, Magoha R., 13. viii. 1960, COB, 34 males (BPBM); Wugiroga, 8. viii. 1960, COB, 1 male (BPBM); Pooma, 0 – 30 m, 16 – 17. v. 1964, JS, 8 males (BPBM); Huni R mouth, camp 4, Roy. Soc Exped. BM 1966, 12. viii. 1965, village garden low vegetation, male (NHML). Central Pr., 11.39 S, 160.14 E, Rennell: Lavanggu, 19. X. 1951, Danish Galathea expedition, 1 male (NHML); Teuhungano, 14. x. 1953 J Bodley, 3 males (NHML). Russell Is, R Lever, 2 males (NHML). Code name. Luciola 2 (Lloyd, 1973 b) (Ballantyne identified this as L. wolfi in Lloyd 1973 b)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE68FFFAFF3C53862136EAAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of four similarly coloured species now known from the Solomons, with dark brown elytra laterally margined with orange, distinguished as follows: Magnalata limbata: elytra parallel-sided; MS black; 4 elytral interstitial lines as well developed as suture; pronotal punctures broad, deep, but not contiguous; V 4 brown at sides, V 5 brown; LO occupying all but a narrow posterior border in V 7; MPP about as long as wide, apically rounded, lateral margins converging posteriorly; ML of aedeagus lacking lateral teeth. Pygatyphella limbatipennis and Pygat. limbatifusca sp. n.: pronotum orange (with median dark spots in limbatifusca); elytra parallel-sided; MS red; elytral interstitial lines poorly defined; pronotal punctures broad, shallow, contiguous; V 4 brown, V 5 very dark brown; LO retracted to anterior portion of V 7; MPP elongate, apically truncate (sometimes obliquely), lateral margins subparallel; ML of aedeagus with lateral teeth. Convexa wolfi: elytra convex-sided; MS red; 4 elytral interstitial lines well – defined; pronotal punctures very small, shallow, separated by 1 – 2 times their width (surface of pronotum between punctures smooth and shiny); all ventrites yellow except for very narrow brown posterior margin of V 5; MPP short apically rounded; ML of aedeagus lacking lateral teeth. Male. Dimensions of the 4 largest populations of this species are distinguished below. Kira Kira 9.7 – 14.3 mm long; 3.8 – 5.3 mm wide; W / L 0.4; Maniate 10.4 – 11.2 mm long; 4.0 – 4.7 mm wide; W / L 0.4; Pooma 9.2 – 11.3 mm long; 3.6 – 4.7 mm wide; W / L 0.4; Manipwena 11.0 – 12.5 mm long; 4.4 – 5.0 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 17, 18, 229 – 230): Pronotum dingy orange, MN paler orange; irregular retraction of fat body material beneath cuticle leaves darker patches visible; MS very dark brown; elytra very dark brown, almost black, with a moderately wide orange – yellow lateral border narrowing slightly in posterior ¼ and very narrow at apex and not extending to suture; epipleuron orange yellow from beneath; inner half of elytral apex and all suture entirely dark brown; head very dark, antennae, labrum and palpi moderately dark brown; venter of thorax and all legs bright orange yellow except for brown midventral faces of coxae 3 and dark brown tibiae, tarsi of all legs; V 2, 3 yellow; V 4 yellow medially, laterally brown, entirely dark brown in Auki males; V 5 brown, irregularly yellow across anterior margin, entirely dark brown in Auki males; V 6, 7 creamy white; all abdominal tergites pale orange yellow. Pronotum (Figs 229, 230): Kira Kira 2.0 – 2.5 mm long; 3.5 – 4.7 mm wide; W / L 1.7 – 1.8; Maniate 2.1 – 2.3 mm long; 3.9 – 4.1 mm wide; W / L 1.8; Pooma 1.7 – 2.3 mm long; 3.3 – 4.3 mm wide; W / L 1.8 – 1.9; Manipwena 2.1 – 2.3 mm long; 3.9 – 4.2 mm wide; W / L 1.8; dorsal punctures broad, moderately deep, not contiguous over most of disc, subcontiguous laterally. Elytron (Fig. 17): Kira Kira 7.7 – 11.8 mm long; Maniate 8.3 – 8.9 mm long; Pooma 7.5 – 9.0 mm long; Manipwena 8.9 – 10.2 mm long; parallel-sided; with 2 well – defined and elevated interstitial lines (1, 2). Head: partially retracted beneath PN and into prothoracic cavity in resting position, often scarcely visible from above; GHW Kira Kira 2.2 – 3.0 mm; SIW 0.4 – 0.5 mm; SIW / GHW 0.16 – 0.18; Maniate GHW 2.4 – 2.5 mm; SIW 0.4; SIW / GHW 0.16; Pooma 2.1 – 2.8 mm; SIW 0.3 – 0.4 mm; SIW / GHW 0.14; Manipwena GHW 2.5 – 2.7 mm; SIW 0.4 – 0.5; SIW / GHW 0.16 – 0.18; ASD <ASW; frons 2 X ASW high, frons-vertex junction rounded. Antennae longer than GHW but less than 2 X GHW. Mouthparts functional; apical segment labial palpi laterally compressed, irregularly excised along inner margin (most prevalent situation is listed first): Pooma L and R both with median incision, or L and R entire, or both L and R irregular; Maniate L irregular, R medially emarginated with very short and narrow tooth just anterior to emargination, or L irregular and R medially incised, or both irregular; Pooma L irregular, R medially emarginated, or both irregular, or both entire; Manipwena L and R both medially emarginated, or L emarginated and R irregular, or R emarginated and L irregular, or both irregular. Abdomen, ventrites (Fig. 244): LO entire in V 6 and V 7 where it reaches sides but not posterior margin, occupying most of V 7. MPP moderately broad, apically rounded. Tergites: T 8 as wide as long, anterolateral prolongations narrow, not as long as visible posterior portion, and not expanded obviously vertically. Aedeagus (Figs. 235, 236, 238): L / W> 3 / 1; LL / ML moderate; subparallel-sided; LL not divergent along most of their length dorsally and slightly shorter than ML; apices of LL not out – turned, bearing a tooth on the inner preapical margin; base of LL produced and medially acute. Female (Figs 227, 228). 12.5 – 16.0 mm long. Coloured as for male except for creamy white LO in ventrite 6 and pale yellow, semitransparent V 7, 8. V 7 with broad shallow median emargination, lateral areas of posterior margin slightly obliquely truncate; median posterior margin of V 8 narrowly emarginate; T 8 with lateral margins converging slightly posteriorly, posterior margin rounded. Larva. Associated by similarity of label data only. With laterally explanate tergal margins.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE68FFFAFF3C53862136EAAA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The very distinctive colour, with black MS, and the size permits a reasonable association in the absence of type material. Olivier (1913) synonymised L. limbata and L. rubiginosa with L. marginipennis Guérin-Méneville; this synonymy is rejected and marginipennis is treated as Incertae Sedis here. Luciola limbata Blanchard (1853) and Luciola rubiginosa Olivier (1883) from the Solomons were both described with black MS, and otherwise consistent in colour and geography with specimens described here, while Guérin- Méneville's (1838) L. marginipennis had a red MS and was probably from the NW area of the island of New Guinea at Mt Arfak (‘ Offak’), as was Boisduval’s (1835) Lampyris marginipennis. This study revealed no fireflies with colour and size that approach either of these two descriptions. M. limbata occurs in the more southerly of the Solomon Islands group (Santa Isabel, Rendova, Russell Is, Nggela, Guadalcanal, Malaita and San Cristobal) where it overlaps in range with C. wolfi on Santa Isabel and Guadalcanal, and Pygat. limbatipennis on Santa Isabel, the Florida island group and Guadalcanal (Table 7). It and Pygat. limbatifusca sp. n. are the only firefly species with pale margined elytra presently recorded from San Cristobal. Lloyd (1973 b: 992) observed that this species flew at heights of 6 – 40 feet while Luciola species 1 (= Pygatyphella limbatipennis) flew just above the ground to a maximum height of 3 – 4 feet, emitting " single, short, bright flashes,. with a flash period of 0.5 sec ". M. limbata " emitted single flashes and pairs of flashes with a flash period of 0.5 sec. " Lloyd (1973 b) identified his 3 larval specimens of ‘ Luciola 3 ’ as Luciola rubiginosa. These specimens have not been relocated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6AFFFBFF3C53BE268AEDB2.taxon	description	(Figs 231, 232, 242, 243, 245)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6AFFFBFF3C53BE268AEDB2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Central Pr., 11.65 S, 160.20 E, Rennell, Teavamanga-Lavanggu, 17. x. 1951, Danish Galathea expedition; Hutuna, 16. xi. 1953, J Bradley (NHML). Paratypes (3). Same locality and data as holotype, males (NHML).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6AFFFBFF3C53BE268AEDB2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Very similar to M. carolinae, distinguished by the flat anterior portion of the hypomeron and the paler pronotum, and the very strongly developed tooth on the inner preapical margins of the LL. Male. 8.7 – 8.8 mm long; 2.4 mm wide; W / L 0.3. Colour (Figs 231, 232): PN orange (PN of three Rennell males with very pale paired median brown spots coinciding with underlying muscle retraction and interpretation of colour is difficult), MN orange yellow, MS dusky brown, almost as dark as elytra; elytra mid-brown, lateral margin in 4 / 5 appears narrowly paler (this area semitransparent and interpretation could be a consequence of microscope illumination); in two males the lateral margin of elytra with a narrow line of fat body on inner margin of paler lateral margin, and one male with lateral margins very narrowly pale creamy white, extending narrowly around apex to suture on left but not right side; head very dark reddish brown, antennae (except for paler scape) and palpi brown; venter yellowish except for light brown tibiae and dark red brown tarsi of all legs, dark brown V 5, posterior half of V 4 and irregular brown markings in lateral areas of V 2, 3 and creamy white LO in V 6, 7; T 7 pale mottled brown, T 8 yellow semitransparent, remainder midbrown. Pronotum: 1.8 – 2.0 mm long; 3.1 – 3.2 mm wide; W / L 1.6 – 1.7; anterior half of hypomeron flat, posterior area widely flat and closely adpressed. Elytron (Fig. 232): 6.8 – 6.9 mm long; 3 – 4 interstitial lines developed. Head: GHW 2.1 mm; SIW 0.25 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW; frons-vertex junction rounded, frons about 1 x ASW high. Antennae just> GHW. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi like a relatively narrow triangle (longer than wide), with inner (shorter) margin irregular. Abdomen, ventrites (Fig. 245): LO entire in both V 6 and V 7 reaching sides but not posterior margin and occupying most of V 7. MPP short, broad apically rounded. Tergites: T 8 about as wide as long; anterolateral prolongations short, narrow, not expanded vertically. Aedeagus (Figs 242, 243): L / W slightly <3 / 1; LL / ML moderate; LL not divergent along their length dorsally, and slightly shorter than ML; inner apical area of LL with a strong tooth. Female, Larva. Unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6AFFFBFF3C53BE268AEDB2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name rennellia is a noun in apposition and seeks to emphasise the restricted locality of this species, which is known only from Rennell Island to the outer SW edge of the Solomon Island complex.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6AFFFBFF3C53BE268AEDB2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Within the Solomon Island firefly fauna many fireflies with orange pronota may exhibit paler brown areas in the median pronotal area; in most this is due to the retraction beneath the cuticle of muscle blocks and is not a true colour in the overlying cuticle. It is not possible here to establish the true pronotal colour as the apparent pale brown areas coincide exactly with the area of retraction of muscle beneath the cuticle. Only Pygat. limbatifusca sp. n. has distinct median dark pronotal markings on an otherwise orange pronotum. Problems with the interpretation of the lateral margin as paler coloured under microscopic examination in this species were also encountered in Pygat. salomonis and are discussed further there.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6BFFF5FF3C54962170EADA.taxon	description	(Figs 21, 22, 27, 29, 30, 32 – 34, 246 – 254)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6BFFF5FF3C54962170EADA.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Missimia flavida by monotypy.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6BFFF5FF3C54962170EADA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males and females distinguished from all known Luciolinae by the lack of a clypeolabral suture and the heavily sclerotised labrum which is immovably joined to the rest of the head; elongate subparallel-sided body; head exposed; differing from all other genera treated here by the slight and acute prolongation of the posterolateral corners of pronotum and the epipleuron not covering the elytral humerus from below. Male. Pronotum (Figs 21, 22, 34) dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum wider across posterior area than rest; pronotal width less than humeral width; anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent posteriorly; lateral margins in posterior half sinuate (in horizontal plane), continuing to diverge in posterior 1 / 4; lateral margins not sinuate in vertical plane, lacking indentation at midpoint, indentation near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners angulate (pointed); considerably less than 90 °, inclined obliquely to median line and may project slightly beyond line of lateral margin; posterolateral corners project as far as median posterior margin, separated from it by shallow emargination. Hypomera closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated vertically; anterior area of hypomeron not flat to side of head, posterior area narrowly flattened and closely adpressed; pronotal width / GHW index 1.3. Elytron (Figs 21, 22) punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extend beyond mid-point, almost to apex, do not extend as ridge around apex and not expanded in apical half; interstitial lines variable, one (nearest suture) or two (two inner lines nearest suture) almost as well developed as sutural ridge; elytral carina absent; viewed from below in horizontal specimen epipleuron at base (Fig. 33) does not cover humerus, viewed from above arises level with posterior margin of MS; epipleuron developed as lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided. Head (Figs 27, 29, 30, 32) moderately depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes widely separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum widely separated (GHW 2 – 3 X SIW); frons-vertex junction rounded, lacking median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed, not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets separated by> 3 X ASW, on anterior parallel-sided prolongation of head which is as long as wide; posterior margin of antennal sockets (viewed with ‘ labrum’ horizontal) just in front of anterior eye margins; labrum well marked basally with deep incisions at each side, no clypeolabral suture; area between labrum and rest of head well sclerotised, inflexible; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles; anterior margin of labrum entire, lacking projections. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi lunate, strongly flattened. Antennae 11 segmented; length 3 – 4 X GHW; FS 2 – 8 expanded at anteroapical angle; FS elongate slender, 4 X longer than wide; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel. Legs with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen (Figs 249, 250, 253, 254) lacking cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no segments with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of more anterior segment; LO in V 7 entire, retracted from all margins and occupying slightly less than half total area; neither anterior nor posterior margin of LO emarginated; posterior half of V 7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; LO present in V 6, occupying most of V 6; MPP present, apex rounded, symmetrical, entire, not laterally compressed, L> W, not strongly inclined dorsally nor engulfed by the apex of T 8, lacking dorsal ridge and median longitudinal trough. V 7 lacking median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, incurving lobes or pointed projections along posterior margin, median ‘ dimple’, or reflexed lobes on its dorsal surface. Posterolateral corners angulate, horizontal, appear slightly and narrowly produced in one pinned male. LO in V 6 entire and retracted narrowly from all margins. T 8 symmetrical, well sclerotised, W = L of visible posterior area which does not narrow abruptly, lacking prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing posterior margin of V 7 nor MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V 7; T 8 with a median longitudinal trough which is finely margined laterally and symmetrical; T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs, asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T 8 present, longer than posterior visible portion, not laterally emarginated before their origins, expanded widely horizontally, not expanded dorsoventrally, apices with bifurcation of inner margin and bases lacking ventrally directed pieces. Aedeagal sheath (Fig. 252) never> 4 times as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; similar to that of Atyphella; asymmetrical in posterior area where sheath sternite emarginated on right side from point of attachment of tergite; sternite not angulate on L or R sides, not subparallel-sided, posterior margin entire, not medially emarginated, not emarginated on either side preapically, and rounded; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite not subdivided, lacking projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9, tergite attaches to sheath sternite at 1 / 3 its length from anterior end; lacking transverse band; anterior margin of tergite 9 deeply, evenly and widely emarginated. Aedeagus (Figs 246 – 248) L / W 3.6 / 1; subparallel-sided for most of length (apices of LL diverge very slightly); LL lack lateral appendages, visible from beneath at sides of ML, LL / ML wide (3.8 / 1); LL of equal length, shorter than ML, (0.8 as long as ML), gently diverging along their length dorsally and separated along almost all their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is wider than that of ML with apices expanded horizontally; dorsal base of LL symmetrical, anteriorly prolonged and pointed; LL lacking lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, which are not produced preapically nor narrowly on their inner apical margin; inner margins of LL with an elongate narrowly emarginated hair bearing area along ¼ their length; LL obliquely truncate along their preapical inner and outer margins, apices bluntly pointed; apices of LL lacking projection on left LL only; ML symmetrical, very narrow, lacking paired lateral teeth and tooth to left side, not strongly arched, apex not in shape of arrowhead, not bulbous, apex rounded, not further expanded, inclined ventrally and narrower than at base; BP wide, not strongly sclerotised, hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin, apparently in a single piece. Female. Macropterous. Pronotal outline as for male; pronotum lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas, punctation moderate to dense; dimensions C> A or B, pronotal width <humeral width; lacking indentation of lateral margin, irregularities at posterolateral corner. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum nor evenly spaced; two well – defined interstitial lines (1 and 2) visible; elytral carina absent. Head with antennae on a short parallel-sided prolongation of head; posterior margin of antennal sockets in front of anterior eye margin (head held with labrum horizontal); eye size equivalent to male; clypeolabral suture not developed and junction of clypeus and labrum inflexible. No legs or parts thereof swollen and / or curved. LO in V 6 only, lacking any elevations or ridges on V 7; small depressed areas in midlateral area may represent postmortem torsion of D – V muscles. Larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6BFFF5FF3C54962170EADA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Missimia is considered a feminine noun and is latinised from the type locality Mt. Missim.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE6BFFF5FF3C54962170EADA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Missimia is known only from the four specimens described here. It is distinguished from all other Luciolinae by the structure of the front portion of the head, which is well sclerotised and inflexible, the clypeus and labrum are fused and there is no obvious clypeolabral suture. In August 2007, J Lawrence confirmed his interpretation of the anterior plate of the head as the labrum. Missimia is superficially similar to Pygoluciola, and Ballantyne was first alerted to the distinctiveness of a single Aiyura female, which was tentatively assigned to Pygoluciola (Ballantyne, 1968). This female is included here. With so few specimens certain ‘ variations’ that may be due to post-mortem changes have been difficult to assess and include the possibility of arching of V 7 which occurred in one male after dissection (this is scored as non arched V 7 as muscle impressions were not obvious posterior to the LO in V 7). While interstitial lines were not as well developed as the sutural ridge in either of the males, they were so in the females. The wide difference in pronotal dimensions between the two males is due to a marked (horizontal) sinuousity of the lateral margins in the Missim male, which is mirrored in the Mt Shungol female pronotum. These specimens were included in Ballantyne & Lambkin (2000, 2001, 2006) as “ Mt Missim ”.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE65FFF6FF3C520E26E7EF4A.taxon	description	(Figs 21, 22, 27, 29, 30, 32 – 34, 246 – 254)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE65FFF6FF3C520E26E7EF4A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 7.15 S, 146.48 Morobe Pr., Mt Missim, 1810 m, xi. 1981, J. Scott (BPBM). Paratypes (3). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: E Highlands Pr: 6.00 S, 147.00 E, Wanatabe Valley, near Okapa, 5000 feet, taken in light trap, 5. ii. 1965, M E Bacchus, male (BPBM). 6.30 S, 145.9 E, Aiyura, 5400 feet, 18. xii. 1961, in house, J H Barrett, female (UQIC). 6.52 S, 146.43 E, Mt Shungol, 1650 – 2730 m, JS, female (JSC in QM). Male. 12.2 – 13.1 mm long; 3.0 mm; W / L 0.2. Colour: dorsal surfaces dingy yellow – light brown; semitransparency of cuticle on dorsal surface allows white fat body to show through irregularly especially in the pronotum; remainder of body including head dark brown except for V 6 and 7, which are white in the area of the LO and yellow in posterior area of V 7; semitransparent yellow tergites 7 and 8. Pronotum 2.2 – 2.3 mm long, 2.2 – 3.0 mm wide; W / L 0.9 – 1.4. Elytron: 10 – 10.8 mm long; elytral interstitial lines variable, line 1 well – defined in Missim male and 2 and 3 fainter; lines 1 and 2 clearly defined in Okapa male. Head: GHW 2.0 mm; SIW 0.7 – 0.9 mm; SIW / GHW 0.35 – 0.45. Female. Macropterous and assumed capable of flight. 12.9 – 13.3 mm long, parallelsided. Coloured as for male except for the white LO in ventrite 6, and light brown ventrites 7, 8. Pronotal outline as for male. Pronotum, head, and abdominal ventrites illustrated (Ballantyne 1968 Figs 130 – 132, 134). Ballantyne (1968) incorrectly indicated that the lateral depressions on V 7 corresponded with the dorsal spiracles; they more probably represent sites of attachment of D – V muscles.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE65FFF6FF3C520E26E7EF4A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name (flavida, Latin, = pale) describes the pale dorsal colour.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE66FFF7FF3C569E2003E98A.taxon	description	(Figs 38 – 54)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE66FFF7FF3C569E2003E98A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Photuroluciola deplanata Pic (by monotypy).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE66FFF7FF3C569E2003E98A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Known in collections from a single large, brightly coloured specimen with pinkish orange pronotum and black elytra; midlateral margins of pronotum elevated (margins appear sinuate from side); aedeagus with asymmetrical ML having an acute apex which is finely serrate along its dorsal edges; ML bearing infolding flaps behind its apex; left LL with preapical flap (right LL lacks this flap); LL just visible at sides of ML, both apices not visible in same plane, separated in apical 1 / 3; aedeagal sheath with sternite posterior to tergite articulations subparallel-sided in basal 1 / 3, then unevenly emarginated on both sides and narrowing to a slender obliquely truncate apex. Male. Pronotum dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas; longitudinal grooves delimit edges in lateral areas; punctation dense. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum (Figs 39, 40) wider across posterior area than rest; pronotal width less than humeral width. Anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent posteriorly; lateral margins in posterior half diverge further beyond line of anterior half, then converge such that posterolateral corners are broadly rounded and lateral margins appear sinuous from above; lacking indentation at mid-point; lateral margin elevated in median area (viewed from the side) appearing as a sinuousity in vertical plane; lacking indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner, and irregularities at corner; posterolateral corners rounded, obtuse; posterolateral corners do not project as far as the median posterior margin and are not separated from it by a shallow emargination. Hypomera closed. Median area of hypomeron elevated vertically; anterior area of hypomeron not flat to side of head, posterior half widely flat and closely adpressed; pronotal width / GHW index 1.6. Elytron (Figs 39, 40) punctation dense, not linear, not as large as pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extend almost to apex but not around it, and lack any further expansion of either in apical half; 3 interstitial lines, none exceed suture; elytral carina absent; viewed from below in horizontal specimen epipleuron at base covers humerus and viewed from above arises anterior to posterior margin of the MS; epipleuron developed as a lateral ridge along most of its length; sutural margins approximate along most of their length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided. Head moderately depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, not capable of complete retraction within prothoracic cavity; eyes moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum moderately separated; frons-vertex junction rounded, lacking median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed and not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, not contiguous, separated by <ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of transverse labrum reach beyond inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi non – lunate, strongly flattened, shaped like a narrow triangle, 4 X as long as W, with inner edge entire not dentate or irregular. Antennae 11 segmented, length exceeds twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel. Legs with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen (Figs 45 – 47) lacking cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V 7 entire, reaching to sides, close to posterior margin, narrowly into MPP; neither anterior nor posterior margin of LO in V 7 emarginate; posterior half of V 7 not arched or swollen, muscle impressions not visible in this area; LO present in V 6, occupying almost all the area. MPP present, symmetrical, apex rounded when viewed from beneath (is dorsally emarginated if viewed from behind, reflecting the dorsal groove of the MPP), entire, strongly laterally compressed, L >> W, not inclined dorsally nor engulfed by the apex of T 8, lacking dorsal ridge and ventral median longitudinal trough; narrow dorsal median longitudinal groove along dorsal surface extending to posterior end. V 7 lacking median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, PLP, incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘ dimple’, or reflexed lobes. T 7 lacking prolonged posterolateral corners. T 8 not strongly sclerotised, symmetrical, W = L, visible posterior area does not narrow abruptly, lacking prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally, nor engulfing the posterior margin of V 7 nor the MPP, not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V 7; T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs, median longitudinal trough, (except for oblique curved groove in posterolateral right and short straight groove in posteromedian right), asymmetrical projections, median posterior ridge; concealed anterolateral arms of T 8 present, not as long as visible posterior portion, broad and slightly emarginated anteriorly, not laterally emarginated before origins, not expanded dorsoventrally, apices lacking bifurcation of inner margin and bases lacking ventrally directed pieces; lateral margins of T 8 not enfolding V 7 at sides. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 38, 41 – 44) 3.4 X as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; asymmetrical only in posterior area of sternite; sternite evenly wide, approximately parallel-sided for 7 / 10 its length; sternite emarginated on both sides in posterior area; emargination of right side begins 1 / 3 of sternite length from posterior apex, is wider and deeper than left emargination which begins 1 / 5 of length from posterior apex, which is very narrow and obliquely truncate from right to left; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; narrowed lateral arms of tergite visible at sides of tergite, join sternite at 4 / 10 of its length from anterior end; tergite not laterally subdivided; transverse line divides tergite into anterior and posterior portions; paired subtriangular pieces project along this line, lacking transverse band across anterior area of sheath tergite. Aedeagus (Figs 48 – 55) L / W 5.6; LL lacking lateral appendages, apices may not both be visible from beneath at sides of ML depending on orientation; LL / ML narrow (1.9 / 1); LL of equal length, little shorter than ML, slightly separated along inner margins, converging at their apices; separation of LL begins at 11 / 16 their length from anterior margin (measured along median line dorsally); LL base width narrower than that of ML and not = LL apex width; apices of LL not expanded horizontally, strongly expanded vertically (LL appear very narrow when viewed from beneath); dorsal base of LL symmetrical, evenly excavated; LL lacking lateral hairy appendages or leaf – like lobes along their outer ventral margins, which are not produced preapically nor narrowly on their inner apical margin, not obliquely truncate along their preapical inner margins; left LL with rounded flap arising on its inner margin just behind flap on ML; ML asymmetrical, asymmetry due to curvature of ML; ML apex in shape of arrowhead, narrow and pointed when viewed from left, groove on ventral surface of ML follows curve of ML, begins in basal 1 / 3 to left side of ML, preapically enfolded on ventral side by ML flap and on left lateral, narrowly, by down turned margins of the ML which are finely rugulose along their margins; BP not very narrow, not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, not strongly emarginated along anterior margin. Female and Larva unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE60FFF0FF3C57DE2338EA37.taxon	description	(Figs 38 – 55)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE60FFF0FF3C57DE2338EA37.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. MADAGASCAR: Labelled (Fig. 56) 1. (printed) H. Taravellier Madagascar; 2. (Red printed) type; 3. (handwritten) Baie d’untoiyil; 4. (handwritten) nov. genre Photuroluciola; 5. (handwritten) Photuroluciola deplanata n. sp. (MNHN). Unique specimen. Male. 14.7 mm long; 5.4 mm wide; almost 3 X as long as wide. Colour: Pronotum pinkish orange, semitransparent and fat body is irregularly retracted beneath cuticle; MN orange; MS black; elytra dull black (this specimen has a superficial semitransparent layer on the elytra that is peeling in places and it may have been accidentally covered in another substance like glue); underside dull black except for creamy white LO segments; basal abdominal tergites dark brown, T 7 and 8 pale yellow, T 8 semitransparent; dorsally reflexed edges of V 2 – 5 brown, of V 6 and 7 white. Pronotum: 3.5 mm wide across widest posterior portion (2.8 mm across anterior 1 / 3, 3.2 mm across middle), 2.7 mm long; W / L 1.3; 1 / 6 as long as whole body. Elytra 12 mm long. Head with GHW 2.7 mm; SIW 0.6 mm; SIW / GHW 0.2; frons not defined, area of frons-vertex junction rounded. Female and larva unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE60FFF0FF3C57DE2338EA37.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The phylogenetic analysis reveals the distinctiveness of this single specimen, and this is emphasised by the form of its treatment here. Fu and Ballantyne (2008) included this species in a key to Luciolinae genera and figured some aspects of the aedeagus and sheath. The distinctive features of the aedeagus (especially the shape of the ML apex) suggest reproductive strategies different to those explored here in the Discussion.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE60FFF3FF3C531326D6EA7A.taxon	description	(Figs 23 – 26, 60 – 72, 255 – 487)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE60FFF3FF3C531326D6EA7A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Atyphella obsoleta Olivier	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE60FFF3FF3C531326D6EA7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. With the exception of one species (Pygat. wisselmerenia) all species have the LO retracted into the anterior area of V 7 and the posterior area arched and often swollen. Many species have a distinctive dorsal colouration that Ballantyne (1968) considered resembled bird droppings. Male. Pronotum: dorsal surface lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas and longitudinal groove in lateral areas; punctation dense. Anterior margin not explanate. Pronotum wider across posterior area than rest; pronotal width greater than humeral width. Anterolateral corners rounded obtuse; lateral margins in anterior half divergent posteriorly; lateral margins in posterior half diverge then converge with rounded or angulate convergence (both types of convergence may be seen in one individual, and between individuals in same species) except in Pygat. uberia sp. n., where lateral margins diverge along length; indentation at mid-point absent; lacking sinuousity in either horizontal or vertical plane; indentation in lateral margin near posterolateral corner present or absent (may differ from right to left sides of pronotum and between individuals in same species); irregularities at corner present or absent; posterolateral corners rounded or angulate; rounded corners obtuse, angulate corners approximately 90 ° or less (never very acute), and inclined obliquely to the median line; posterolateral corners project as far as, or beyond median posterior margin, separated from it by shallow emargination. Hypomera closed. Median area of hypomeron not elevated vertically; anterior area of hypomeron not flat to side of head; posterior area widely and strongly flattened and strongly adpressed; median area of hypomeron shows marked transition between anterior and posterior areas in New Guinea species; pronotal width / GHW index 1.6. Elytron punctation dense, not linear, not as large as that of pronotum, nor widely and evenly spaced; apices not deflexed; epipleuron and suture extend beyond mid-point, do not extend as a ridge around apex and neither is expanded in apical half; 0 or 2 interstitial lines, if developed do not exceed suture; viewed from beneath with specimen horizontal epipleuron at elytral base narrow, covering humerus, and viewed from above arises anterior to posterior margin of the MS; epipleuron developed as lateral ridge along most of length; sutural margins approximate along most of length in closed elytra; lateral margins parallel-sided or convex. Head moderately, often strongly depressed between eyes; moderately exposed in front of pronotum, or capable of complete retraction within the prothoracic cavity; eyes close to moderately separated beneath at level of posterior margin of mouthpart complex; eyes above labrum close except in pulcherrima where SIW / GHW is 0.18; frons-vertex junction rounded, not well – defined; lacking median elevation; posterolateral eye excavation not strongly developed and not visible in resting head position; antennal sockets on head between eyes, contiguous or separated by less ASW; clypeolabral suture present, flexible, not in front of anterior eye margin when viewed with labrum horizontal; outer edges of labrum reach inner edges of closed mandibles. Mouthparts functional; apical segment of labial palpi non – lunate, strongly flattened, in the shape of a wide triangle, with inner edge dentate, with 3 or more ‘ teeth’. Antennae 11 segmented; length> GHW to twice GHW; no segments flattened, shortened, or expanded; pedicel not produced; FS 1 not shorter than pedicel; FS always at least 2 X as long as wide. Legs with inner tarsal claw not split; lacking MFC; no femora or tibiae swollen or curved; no basitarsi expanded or excavated. Abdomen lacking cuticular remnants in association with aedeagal sheath; no ventrites with curved posterior margins nor extending anteriorly into emarginated posterior margin of anterior segment; LO in V 7 entire, or bipartite; entire LO occupies most (in marginata), or half or less of V 7, often restricted to anterior half of V 7 or less, often medially emarginated across its posterior margin, sometimes deeply so; bipartite LO (in uberia sp. n. only) not restricted to anterolateral plaques; entire LO reaching to sides or not, not reaching to posterior margin; bipartite LO occupies> half V 7; anterior margin of entire LO in V 7 not emarginate; posterior half of V 7 arched (except in wisselmerenia sp. n.), may be swollen, transverse muscle impressions usually visible in this area; LO in species with swollen posterior half of V 7 emarginated posteriorly; posterolateral corners not produced, distinct or obliterated; if present rounded or angulate; LO present in V 6, occupying almost all V 6. MPP present, if symmetrical then apex rounded, pointed, squarely truncate, or bisinuate (in okapa sp. n.); if asymmetrical then obliquely truncate; not medially emarginated, not laterally compressed, short in pulcherrima, tagensis; usually L = W, L> W (in uberia sp. n.), not strongly inclined dorsally; not engulfed by the apex of T 8 except in undulata; MPP with basal emarginations in uberia sp. n.; dorsal ridge of MPP often present, narrow to wide, to left of middle, or median in karimui sp. n, ridge lacking median elevations. V 7 lacking median carina, median longitudinal trough, anteromedian depression on face of LO, PLP (except in okapa sp. n. where they are slightly produced, narrow and horizontal), incurving lobes or pointed projections, median ‘ dimple’, or reflexed lobes; V 7 dorsal surface with paired lobes in peculiaris only. T 7 lacking prolonged posterolateral corners. T 8 strongly sclerotised, not subparallel-sided, margins usually converge gently towards posterior end; symmetrical, W = L or L> W of visible posterior portion, which does not narrow abruptly; lacking prolonged posterolateral corners, median posterior emargination, median posterior projections, not inclined ventrally nor engulfing the posterior margin of V 7 nor the MPP, except in undulata, where the posterior half of T 8 is not strongly narrowed, with down turned portion a thickened wide shelf; T 8 not extending conspicuously beyond posterior margin of V 7 horizontally; T 8 ventral surface lacking flanges, lateral depressed troughs; median longitudinal trough absent or present; if present margins fine, slightly thickened or well developed; median longitudinal trough if developed longitudinal except in nabiria sp. n.; trough very short in japenensis sp. n.; trough margins symmetrical except in okapa sp. n.; various asymmetrical projections in anterolateral and posterolateral left and right present in uberia; median posterior ridge present or not, usually curved, may be straight (plagiata); concealed anterolateral arms of T 8 present, not laterally emarginated before their origins, narrow, either as long as visible posterior portion or narrow in tomba sp. n., and expanded dorsoventrally except in tomba sp. n. and wisselmerenia sp. n.; apices lacking bifurcation of inner margin; bases with ventrally directed pieces present or absent. Aedeagal sheath never> 4 times as long as wide; lacking paraprocts; asymmetrical in posterior area with sheath sternite either emarginated on right side from point of attachment of tergite, or subparallel-sided for a third its length past articulation with sheath tergite, and then emarginated on right side, or subparallel-sided along its length in uberia sp. n.; sternite not angulate on L or R sides; posterior margin entire, rounded, not emarginated on either side preapically except in uberia where it is unevenly emarginated preapically on the right side; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite lacking lateral arms that extend widely anteriorly at the sides of the sheath sternite; tergite not subdivided, lacking projecting pieces along posterior margin of tergite 9; anterior margin of tergite lacking transverse band (anterior margin sometimes more heavily sclerotised than. Aedeagus L / W 3 / 1 or shorter; LL lack lateral appendages, visible from beneath at sides of ML except in uberia sp. n. where they may not both be visible in same plane, LL / ML wide to moderate; LL of equal length, slightly shorter than ML except in uberia sp. n. where ML much longer than LL; LL diverging along inner margins, and separated there by> half their length; LL base width not = LL apex width which is subequal to or narrower than that of ML; LL apices not expanded horizontally except in eliptaminensis; dorsal base of LL either symmetrical, or if asymmetrical, strongly produced to right; if symmetrical not excavated, median margin prolonged and broadly rounded; LL lacking lateral hairy appendages along their outer ventral margins, which may be produced preapically and also either narrowly or widely on their inner apical margin obliquely truncate along their preapical inner margins in tagensis, huonensis and lacking strongly developed tooth at anterior end of truncation; apices of LL out – turned in peculiaris; lacking projection on left LL only; inner margins lacking slender leaf-like projection; ML symmetrical, if asymmetrical then curved to left horizontally; paired lateral teeth may be present; lacking tooth to left side, not strongly arched, and apex not in shape of arrowhead, not bulbous, not inclined ventrally; BP not very narrow, not strongly sclerotised, not hooded, usually in two pieces and not strongly emarginated along anterior margin. Female. Macropterous and either assumed capable of flight or observed in flight. Pronotum shaped as for male; lacking irregularities in posterolateral areas; punctation moderate to dense; pronotum> humeral width; indentation of lateral margin often present (may differ from one side of pronotum to the other in the one individual and between individuals in the one population), irregularities near posterolateral corner present or absent. Elytral punctation not as large as that of pronotum nor evenly spaced, punctation dense or sparse. Head not strongly reduced but can be retracted within prothoracic cavity, and antennae on head between eyes. Elytra with 0, 2, interstitial lines; elytral carina absent. No legs or parts thereof swollen and / or curved. LO in V 6 only, lacking any elevations or depressions or ridges on V 7 except for depressions in posterolateral areas in some species which probably reflect torsion of underlying D – V muscles. Larva not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE60FFF3FF3C531326D6EA7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygatyphella (Ballantyne) exists in two clearly defined forms referred to in descriptions as Pygatyphella A or B: Pygatyphella A: Dorsal colouration usually cryptic, very pale brown with dark markings on pronotum, MS, MN and elytral base and apex; pronotum often with angulate convergence along lateral margins, and small depression often present just anterior to posterolateral corner; lacking irregularities at the corners; posterolateral corners may project beyond median posterior margin; at least two interstitial lines usually well – defined; elytral margins convex or parallel-sided; posterior area of ventrite 7 may reach into LO (which is medially emarginated); apex of MPP rounded, pointed, or squarely or obliquely truncate; MPP lacking median dorsal ridge (except in karimui sp. n.), lacking curved, slightly off-centre posterior ridge on ventral surface of T 8; dorsal surface of posterior area of MPP faced with cuticle that is not attached to the ventral surface of V 7 and ends just behind the area of muscle attachment posterior to the LO; the anterior margins of this cuticle are reflexed in Pygat. peculiaris; median area of this facing cuticle lacking longitudinal split; T 8 anterolateral prolongations lacking ventral projections at their base; aedeagal sheath not subparallel-sided in basal third; aedeagus L / W usually> 3; LL / ML not wide; ML sometimes asymmetrical in a horizontal plane only, never with lateral teeth; anterior margin of LL often asymmetrically produced. Within Pygatyphella A, a group of species similar to Pygat. obsoleta in colour and terminal abdomen morphology is referred to in descriptions as the ‘‘ obsoleta complex’ ’. Pygatyphella B: Dorsal colouration with orange pronotum (sometimes with median dark mark), and dark brown elytra which may be pale margined except in Pygat. russellia, which is pale dorsally; pronotum never with angulate convergence along lateral margins, or small depression present just anterior to corner; with irregularities at corners; posterolateral corners always rounded obtuse, not projecting strongly if at all beyond median posterior margin; no interstitial lines well – defined; elytral margins convex-sided; posterior area of ventrite 7 never reaching into LO (LO not medially emarginated); apex of MPP rounded or squarely or obliquely truncate; MPP with dorsal longitudinal ridge; dorsal surface of the posterior area of the MPP faced with cuticle that is not attached to the ventral surface of V 7 and ends just behind the area of muscle attachment posterior to the LO; the anterior margin of this cuticle is emarginate and the ridge that continues along the ventral surface of the MPP is a continuation of this emargination (e. g. Figs 342 – 349, especially Fig. 358); ventral surface of T 8 with usually curved, slightly off – centre ridge close to posterior margin; T 8 outlines in Pygat. limbatipennis, limbatifusca and salomonis characterised in Figs 438 – 442; T 8 with pale partly membranous ventral projections from the bases of the anterolateral prolongations; aedeagal sheath sternite posterior to the lateral tergite articulations subparallel-sided in basal 1 / 3 to 1 / 2; aedeagus L / W <3; LL / ML wide; ML never asymmetrical, always with lateral teeth; anterior margin of LL never asymmetrically produced.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7DFFEEFF3C516421C3EC72.taxon	description	(Figs 64, 255, 264, 266, 270 – 273)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7DFFEEFF3C516421C3EC72.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: West Sepik (Sandaun) Pr., 5.13 S, 141.5 E Eliptamin Valley, 1665 – 2530 m, June 23 – 30, 1959, W. W. Brandt (BPBM). Material examined. Holotype male, allotype female (same locality as holotype).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7DFFEEFF3C516421C3EC72.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A large species (12.4 – 15.4 mm long) (Figs 64, 255, 264), similar to Pygat. peculiaris, the males of which are <10 mm long, distinguished by the absence of dorsal protuberances on V 7, the distribution at high altitude, the shorter MPP of V 7, the restricted LO occupying <half the area of V 7 with posterior margin entire, and the scarce arching of V 7 posterior to LO (Ballantyne, 1968, Figs 54, 55). Similar to Pygat. obsoleta but larger, distinguished by the broad expansion of LL apices and the very short and broad production of the inner apical margin of the LL (Figs 270, 271). Male. T 8 with posterior (entire) area quite short (Fig. 273); aedeagal sheath (Fig. 272) with tergite narrow, anterior margin darker than rest, sternite narrowed in posterior half. Female. Macropterous, 15.7 mm long, assumed capable of flight; characterised in Ballantyne (1968: 114); V 7 broadly and moderately deeply emarginated across posterior margin with posterolateral corners acutely angles (R corner rounded, L slightly angulate), and with oval depressions (corresponding to D-V muscles) within the posterolateral projections; V 8 median posterior margin narrowly and shallowly indented; lateral margins of T 8 converge posteriorly with posterior margin truncate.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7DFFEEFF3C516421C3EC72.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ballantyne (1968) described this species from two males and one female, highlighting its differences from Atyphella peculiaris. It is known only from these records.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7EFFEFFF3C55D32342EF4A.taxon	description	(Figs 23 – 26, 61, 62, 256, 267)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7EFFEFFF3C55D32342EF4A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., Huon Peninsula, Pindiu, 950 – 1200 m, 7. iv. 1963, JS (BPBM). Material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., 3.46 S, 143.52 E, 4 mi n Wau elev c. 2800 ', nr Kunai Creek, Lae Rd, 16. xi. 1969, J. E. Lloyd, 2 males (G 609, 612 both with orange label) (JELC). Madang Pr., 5.55 S, 146.4 E, Finisterre Mts, Budemu, c. 4000 feet, 15 – 24. x. 1964, stn No. 51, M. E. Bacchus, 7 males, 1 female (NHML). Morobe Pr., 6.6 S, 147.85 E, Finsch Haven Wareo, L. Wagner 16 males, 11 females (SAM); 6.45 S, 147.51 E, Huon Peninsula, Pindiu, 950 – 1200 m, 17. iv. 1963, JS paratype male (BPBM); Huon Pen, Bulang, 100 m, 29.1.1977, W. C. Gagné, 4 males (BPBM); 6.72 S, 146.99 E, Busu River E of Lae, 100 m, 14. ix. 1955, c, paratype male (BPBM). INDONESIA IRIAN JAYA: 1.45 S, 136.15 E Japen Island, SSE Sumberbaba, Dawni River, x. 1962, N. Wilson 1 male (BPBM). Cyclops Mountains, 3400 – 4500 feet, iii. 1936, L Cheesman, male, female (NHML). Code name. Luciola 6 (Lloyd, 1973 b)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7EFFEFFF3C55D32342EF4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate sized (8.5 – 12.0 mm long) species similar to, but distinguished from peculiaris and eliptaminensis, by the extent of the apical dark elytral marking (Figs 21 – 26, 256, 267), the apical excision of the MPP (Figs 21 – 26), the deep posterior emargination of the LO of V 7 (Ballantyne, 1968, Figs 91, 92), the strong arching of V 7 especially posterior to the LO (Figs 61, 62), and the lack of dorsal protuberances on V 7. Macropterous, similarly coloured females are associated on the basis of label data. Female. Macropterous. 10 – 10.6 mm long. Coloured as for male except creamy white LO restricted to V 6 and abdominal ventrites and tergites 7, 8 brown-yellow, more heavily sclerotised than preceding segments. V 7 with deep oval depressions in anterolateral areas (probably corresponding to positions of D – V muscles), and posterior margin widely and moderately deeply emarginate, posterolateral corners rounded; median posterior margin of V 8 narrowly emarginate; T 8 with lateral margins converging posteriorly, narrowing before posterior margin, which is not indented in median line.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7EFFEFFF3C55D32342EF4A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygat. huonensis was sympatric with Pygat. peculiaris " at the Namie – Bulolo site " (Lloyd, 1973 b: 995), where " they emitted series of single short flashes with a flash period of 1.5 sec ", contrasting with the single flashes of. peculiaris with a flash period of 0.5 sec. Lloyd (1977: 179) commented, " The fireflies of the L. peculiaris (sic) group (New Guinea) emit continuous trains of flashes …… The feeble nature of alter- nate flashes in L. huonensis suggests that these are being lost and that originally the timing was more like that of L. peculiaris. " Ballantyne (1968) described this species from 3 specimens from Pindiu and Busu River near Lae. Ballantyne (1987 b Fig. 2 g – k) described and figured muscle attachments of the terminal abdomen, aedeagus within the aedeagal sheath, and (page 183) discussed their significance. The two males from Irian Jaya are tentative associations only.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7FFFEFFF3C56E6261FE9C4.taxon	description	(Figs 265, 268, 269, 274 – 277)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7FFFEFFF3C56E6261FE9C4.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Milne Bay Pr., 9.30 S, 150.40 E, Fergusson Is., ix, x, xi, xii, 1894, A. S. Meek (MNHN); labelled (Fig. 277) 1. (Printed) Fergusson I., ix. x. xi. xii. 94 (printed number 5 overwritten with large 4) (A. S. Meek). 2. (Handwritten on red paper) ignota Ern Oliv.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7FFFEFFF3C56E6261FE9C4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium sized (9.4 mm long); dorsal colouration of elytra dingy pale brown; most similar to Pygat. obsoleta, distinguished by the dorsal colouration, the scarce production of the preapical outer margin of the LL, the squarely truncate MPP apex, and the apparent lack of a median longitudinal trough on the ventral surface of T 8. Male redescription. 9.4 mm long; 4.0 mm wide; W / L 2.3. Colour (Figs 265, 268): Pronotum dingy pale yellow with small paired median light brown patches, semitransparent in areas where fat body retracted; MN pale cream, pale brown markings cover most of median area of each plate; MS greyish cream with an extensive anteromedian brown area not extending to lateral or posterior margins; elytra very pale light brown with lateral margins dingier cream; inner margins of epipleura finely dark brown; dorsal surface of elytral apex with narrow pale brown band extending across outer edge of epipleuron just anterior to elytral apex; under surface of elytral apex dark brown; head, antennae, palpi dark brown except for dingy cream inner margin of apical segments of maxillary palpi. Pronotum: 2.2 mm long, 3.6 mm wide; W / L 1.6; both lateral margins with angled convergence and small indentation before angulate posterolateral corners, corners approximately 90 ° and oblique to median line. Elytron (Fig 265): 7.2 mm long; parallel-sided; inner two interstitial lines well – defined. Head: retracted within prothoracic cavity at rest and not visible from above; GHW 2.0 mm; SIW 0.25 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1. R labial palp apex with 6 slender teeth along inner margin, L palp with 2 broad basal and 2 slender apical. Abdomen, ventrites (Figs 268, 269): LO entire in V 6, V 7 reaching sides but not posterior margin of V 7, median posterior margin not emarginate, occupying> ½ area of V 7. MPP as long as wide, posterior margin squarely truncate (very slightly emarginate in dried pinned specimen, entire after immersion in hot water to soften); lacking dorsal ridge. Tergites (Fig. 274): T 8 visible (coloured) posterior portion considerably wider than long; anterolateral prolongations very elongate, narrow, expanded vertically, lacking flanges; ventral surface of T 8 lacking posteromedian ridge. Aedeagal sheath: emargination on right side begins at tergite articulations. Aedeagus (Figs 275, 276): L / W 3.5 / 1; LL / ML 2.8; LL divergent along their length dorsally, and slightly shorter than ML; preapical outer margin of LL barely produced; preapical inner margin of LL produced, short and narrow; base of LL asymmetrically produced to the left; ML symmetrical, lacking lateral teeth. Female, Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7FFFEFFF3C56E6261FE9C4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. While superficially similar to Pygat. obsoleta, Pygat. ignota is not simply a paler variety of that species, and the aedeagal complex resembles that of Pygat. wisselmerenia sp. n. rather than that of Pygat. obsoleta. The dorsal elytral colouration is distinctive in lacking the dark markings along the suture characteristic of pale obsoleta. Although Olivier (1913) recorded this species from some mainland localities, it is possible that these are records of obsoleta (I am unable to relocate these specimens).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE78FFE9FF3C57DE2746EF1A.taxon	description	(Figs 278, 286 – 288, 296, 297, 307, 311)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE78FFE9FF3C57DE2746EF1A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. INDONESIA IRIAN JAYA: 1.45 S, 136.15 E, Japen Island, SSE Sumberbaba, Dawai River, x. 1962, N. Wilson, (BPBM). Paratypes (5). Same data as holotype, 2 males, 3 females.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE78FFE9FF3C57DE2746EF1A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of the ‘ obsoleta complex’; distinguished by the 90 ° angle of the posterolateral corners of the pronotum, the rounded apex of the MPP, the very short median trough on the ventral surface of T 8, the asymmetrical ML which curves to the left horizontally, and the very short inner apical projections of the LL. Male. 6.8 – 7.0 mm long; 2.8 – 3.0 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Fig 278): Pronotum whitish yellow, semitransparent with underlying white fat body, narrow median hour-glass brown area does not reach to anterior margin and is wider across posterior area; MN pale yellowish, with median brown area; MS with median brown area that narrows anteriorly and just abuts the median anterior margin in 2 / 3, or covers almost all of MS in 1 / 3, other margins pale; elytra very pale brown, semitransparent, anterior brown marking either extending or not extending to suture or edge of MS in anterior 1 / 6 in 2 / 3, not reaching lateral margin, extending posteriorly along suture for 1 / 3 elytral length, and then narrowly along the suture just past half elytral length; extreme base of suture just behind MS very narrowly marked in brown, next 1 / 6 of suture pale in 2 / 3, or all of suture to past half length of elytron brown; apices of interstitial lines 1 and 2 narrowly brown marked (marking not extending to posterior margin); elytral lateral margins with brown marking just anterior to apex; head, antennae and palpi very dark brown; ventral aspect of thorax dingy yellow except for brown metasternum; legs yellow with brown tarsi; V 3 pale at edges, brown across median half; V 4 mostly brown, paler at edges; V 5 very dark brown; basal ventrites dingy brown; LO yellow, posterior area of V 7 semitransparent, pale yellow; T 7 and 8 yellow. Pronotum: 1.5 mm long; 2.5 – 2.6 mm wide; W / L 1.6; lateral margins with angulate convergence (on both sides of pronotum) in 2 / 3, one male with rounded and angulate convergence on either side; Posterolateral corners angulate, approximately 90 °. Elytron: parallel-sided; 5.3 – 5.5 mm long; with 2 well – defined interstitial lines with line 2 is slightly larger than line 1 in 2 / 3. Head: can be partly retracted into prothoracic cavity and thus may only be narrowly visible from above; GHW 1.5 – 1.7 mm; SIW 0.15 mm; SIW / GHW 0.05 – 0.1; ASD <ASW (sockets are very close, almost but not quite contiguous). Abdomen, ventrites (Fig. 307): LO entire in V 7, reaching sides but not posterior margin; posterolateral ‘ corners’ angulate; LO occupies less than half the area of V 7. MPP well – defined, apex rounded. Tergites: T 8 (Fig. 311) about as long as wide (visible entire posterior portion), with median posterior margin slightly produced and narrowly rounded; ventral darkened portion short; with very short median longitudinal trough; anterolateral prolongations elongate, expanded in vertical plane, lacking ventrally directed flanges. Aedeagal sheath: sternite emarginated on its left side from the tergite articulation. Aedeagus (Figs 286 – 288, 296, 297): L / W> 3; LL / ML moderate; LL narrowly divergent along their length dorsally, slightly shorter than ML; outer preapical margin of LL produced and rounded, inner apical margin produced, short and narrow; base of LL asymmetrically produced to left; ML lacking teeth at about level of ejaculatory orifice, asymmetrical, curved to the left horizontally. Female. Colour: As for male with these exceptions: pronotum yellowish brown, semitransparent with underlying cream fat body, narrow median hour-glass brown area does not reach to anterior margin and is narrower across posterior area in 1 / 3 and wider in 1 / 3; pronotum dingy pale brown with median markings scarcely discernable in 1 / 3; MS with narrow median brown area in 1 / 3, MS with broad dark brown area that almost covers all the area in 2 / 3, other margins pale; 1 / 3 with suture irregularly pale along 2 / 3 of its length within the otherwise brown basal area; bases of interstitial lines 1, 2 narrowly pale in 2 / 3. V 4, 5 dark brown, V 6 creamy white, V 7, 8 yellowish semi-transparent; all of posterior margin of V 7 shallowly emarginated with lateral areas showing depressed areas which probably represent torsion of D – V muscles in 1 / 3; lateral margins of T 8 converge smoothly posteriorly and median posterior margin of both V 8 and T 8 are narrowly emarginated. Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE78FFE9FF3C57DE2746EF1A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is genitive case, (meaning ‘ of japen’) latinised from the type locality.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE79FFEAFF3C56CE26E7EF1A.taxon	description	(Figs 279 – 281, 284, 289, 290, 298, 299, 304 – 306)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE79FFEAFF3C56CE26E7EF1A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Chimbu Pr., 6.30 S, 144.50 E, Karimui 1080 m, 14. vii. 1963, JS (BPBM). Paratypes (6). Same data as holotype, 4 males, 2 females (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE79FFEAFF3C56CE26E7EF1A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of the obsoleta ‘ complex’ distinguished by the strongly arched and swollen V 7, the broad apically truncate MPP, and the very narrow apices of the LL of the aedeagus. Male. 8.4 – 9.6 mm long; 2.8 – 3.3 mm wide; W / L 0.3. Colour (Fig. 279): Dorsal surface light brown, mostly semitransparent with fat body showing through the cuticle, and brown markings in median area of pronotum (small, paired, and faint), a narrow median dark band on the MS which reaches anterior margin, narrowly dark along the basal ¼ of suture from posterior margin of MS, small brown area at base of elytra between bases of interstitial lines 1 and 2, and two small preapical brown spots, one at posterior end of interstitial line 1 and the other at outer margin; head antennae and palpi very dark; ventral aspect of thorax yellowish except for brown metasternum; legs yellow with brown tarsi; basal ventrites yellowish, V 5 dark brown with anterolateral pale patches; LO yellowish, posterior area of V 7 yellowish with underlying muscle impressions clearly visible; basal tergites brown, T 7 and 8 yellow. Pronotum (Fig. 284): 1.6 – 1.8 mm long; 2.9 – 3.3 mm wide; W / L 1.8; lateral margins with rounded (3 / 5) or angulate (1 / 5) convergence, and indentations in lateral margins in 5 / 5; posterolateral corners angulate, <90 ° and inclined obliquely to the median line. Elytron (Fig. 279): parallel-sided; 6.8 – 7.8 mm long; with 2 well – defined interstitial lines. Head: can be partially retracted into prothoracic cavity, narrowly visible from above in resting position; GHW 1.9 – 2.0 mm; SIW 0.15 mm; SIW / GHW 0.08; ASD <ASW (sockets very close). Abdomen, ventrites (Figs 304 – 306): LO retracted into anterior 1 / 3 of V 7 where it may not reach sides, not reaching posterior margin, posterior margin either entire or slightly and narrowly produced in 1 / 5; V 7 arched and swollen; posterolateral corners rounded angulate; muscle impressions extend almost to tip of MPP. MPP moderately broad, apex squarely truncate; dorsal surface with a wide median ridge (Fig. 306, arrowed). Tergites: T 8 (Fig. 306) very well sclerotised, about as long as wide, thickened lateral margins converge gently posteriorly; anterolateral prolongations elongate, narrow, expanded vertically, more widely so in median area; ventral surface with a slightly developed long median trough with fine lateral margins. Aedeagus (Figs 289, 290, 298, 299): L / W> 3 / 1; LL / ML moderate; lateral margins of LL converge posteriorly and LL narrow at apices; LL not divergent along dorsal length except near apices, slightly shorter than ML; outer preapical margin of LL slightly produced and rounded, inner apical margin produced, short and narrow; base of LL asymmetrically produced to left; ML lacking teeth at about level of ejaculatory orifice, symmetrical, not curved left horizontally; dorsolateral margins of ML behind apex slightly produced and pointed (may be visible from beneath as tooth like projections (Figs 289, 290, 298, 299). Female. 8.8 – 9.6 mm long. Coloured as for male (Figs 280, 281) with these exceptions: pronotum lacking any median darker markings (irregularities in colour attributed to underlying muscles), MN very pale in ½, MS with wider median dark band in 1 / 2, very pale brown along the basal ¼ of suture from posterior margin of MS, small brown area at base of elytra between bases of interstitial lines 1 and 2 in 1 / 2; V 6 with yellowish LO, V 7, 8 brownish yellow, semitransparent; posterior margin of V 7 broadly emarginated, posterolateral corners rounded, anterolateral areas slightly depressed; median posterior margin of V 8 narrowly emarginate, with a shallow slightly depressed groove along its length in 1 / 2; lateral margins of T 8 converge posteriorly, posterior margin straight. Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE79FFEAFF3C56CE26E7EF1A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, the type locality, is considered as a noun in apposition.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7AFFEBFF3C56CE2698EEEA.taxon	description	(Figs 317, 319 – 320, 327 – 328)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7AFFEBFF3C56CE2698EEEA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Western Pr., Fly River, Kiunga, 35 m, viii. 1969, JS, (BPBM). Paratypes (4). Same data as holotype, males (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7AFFEBFF3C56CE2698EEEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to Pygat. peculiaris, differing in the wider apex of the MPP, lacking the dorsal projections of V 7, and with very narrow apices of the LL. Male. 9.5 – 10.8 mm long; 4.0 – 4.5 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 317, 319): Pronotum yellow, semitransparent in 4 / 5, dingy pale brown in 1 / 5, fat body retracted in posterolateral areas, either with faint traces of paired median brown areas in 4 / 5, or with wider and more obvious brown areas in 1 / 5 (colour may be a reflection of underlying muscles); anterolateral corners narrowly brown on ventral surface (visible from above depending on orientation); MN yellow with median brown areas, reaching inner margins in 1 / 5; MS yellow with median dark marking, broad anteriorly (occupying about half width anterior area) in 3 / 5; elytra pale yellowish, semitransparent, with extensive brown markings at base and apex; basal dark area not extending to anterior margin and irregularly emarginated along lateral margin near MS, not covering humerus; inner margin of basal dark area extending along suture for approximately half its length, outer margin of basal dark area extending for about half this length posteriorly and then running obliquely and slightly irregularly across to suture; apical dark marking an elongate somewhat irregular oval, reaching suture and lateral margins narrowly along its posterolateral edges; head very dark reddish brown, antennae and palpi slightly lighter, inner margins of apical segments of both maxillary and labial palpi paler brown; under surface of thorax yellowish (metasternum appears light brown); legs 1 yellowish with anteroventral face of femora, ventral surface of tibiae and ventral surface of tarsi brown; legs 2 and 3 yellowish (a median orange line along the anterior face of the femora is probably due to the underlying muscle); basal ventrites light brownish yellow; LO creamy white, posterior area of V 7 yellowish, semitransparent (muscle impressions visible); tergites brown, terminal two tergites orange yellow, heavily sclerotised. Pronotum (Fig. 317): 2.0 – 2.3 mm long; 3.5 – 4.0 mm wide; W / L 1.7; lateral margins divergent posteriorly with angled convergence on both sides in 5 / 6, and angled convergence on one side and rounded on the other in 1 / 6; posterolateral corners approximately 90 °, angulate, inclined obliquely to median line; slight kink in lateral margins on both sides in 5 / 6. Elytron: parallel-sided; 7.5 – 8.5 mm long; with 2 well – defined interstitial lines. Head: can be retracted almost completely within prothoracic cavity and may not be visible from above; GHW 1.9 – 2.0 mm; SIW 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW (sockets very close but not contiguous). Abdomen, ventrites (Fig. 320): LO in V 7 reaches to sides, not posterior margin, shallowly medially emarginated across posterior margin; posterior area of V 7 arched and swollen; posterolateral areas of V 7 rounded, corners not obvious. MPP as long as wide, dorsal surface lacking ridge; posterior margin rounded (slightly medially emarginated in 1 / 5). Tergites: T 8 with slightly developed and laterally margined median longitudinal groove on ventral surface; anterolateral prolongations elongate, narrow, expanded vertically and lacking projections at their bases. Aedeagal sheath: emargination of right side of sternite begins at point of attachment of tergal arms laterally. Aedeagus (Figs 327, 328): L / W> 3 / 1; LL / ML moderate; LL divergent along their length dorsally, just shorter than ML at very narrow apices; LL apices narrower than ML apex, lacking outer preapical expansion and inner apical prolongation; preapical inner margin of LL with very small tooth; base of LL asymmetrically produced (to the left); ML lacking lateral teeth. Female, Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7AFFEBFF3C56CE2698EEEA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, the type locality, is considered as a noun in apposition.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7BFFE4FF3C567E20BCEFC2.taxon	description	(Figs 329, 338, 341, 362, 363, 370, 371)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7BFFE4FF3C567E20BCEFC2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Makira Pr., San Cristobal: 10.35 S, 161.30 E, Manipwena, Magoha River, 13. viii. 1960, COB (BPBM). Paratypes (26). Collector is COB. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Makira Pr., San Cristobal: 10.35 S, 161.30 E, Manipwena, Magoha River, 13. viii. 1960, 6 males, 3 females; Kira Kira light trap, 15. viii. 1960, male; Napagiwae, 20. viii. 1960, 5 males; Wugiroga, 10. viii. 1960, male; Bweinaniawarikiapu, 11 – 12. viii. 1960, 7 males, 4 females (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7BFFE4FF3C567E20BCEFC2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Part of the Pygatyphella B complex; very similar to Pygat. limbatipennis, which is not known from San Cristobal, distinguished by the median pronotal markings, the paler brown elytra, the slightly paler and much wider lateral elytral margins, and the restricted occurrence on San Cristobal. Male. 8.1 – 9.8 mm long; 3.4 – 3.9 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Fig. 329, 338): Pronotum orange yellow, semitransparent with underlying fat body visible, and 2 small median dark brown areas; elytra mid-brown, lateral margins widely pale yellow and semitransparent, pale margins extending from outer edge of humerus to apical area of suture; MS and MN pale yellow; head, antennae and palpi very dark brown; venter of thorax pale orange yellow except for very dark brown tarsi and apical ¾ of tibiae; basal ventrites yellowish, V 3 with dark markings in one Bweinaniawarikiapu male and two Napagiwae; V 4 extensively in representatives from all locations, V 4 lightly marked in Bweinaniawarikiapu (3) and Manipwena (2); V 5 always very dark brown, V 7 yellowish and semitransparent behind LO; basal tergites yellowish, T 4 – 6 marked irregularly in light brown; T 7 and 8 orange yellow and semitransparent. Pronotum (Fig. 338): 1.7 – 2.3 mm long; 3.0 – 3.7 mm wide; W / L 1.6 – 1.7; lateral margins with rounded convergence in posterior areas; lacking indentation near posterolateral corners; with slight irregularities along rounded posterolateral corners, which project at least as far as median posterior margin. Elytron: convex-sided; 6.0 – 7.5 mm long; interstitial lines not well – defined. Head: large, moderately exposed, not able to be completely retracted into prothoracic cavity; GHW 1.9 – 2.4 mm; SIW 0.2 – 0.3 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW, sockets very close but not contiguous; frons not defined. Abdomen, ventrites: LO in V 7 occupying half or less than half the area, not reaching sides, posterior margin not emarginated; muscle impressions clearly visible through cuticle in arched, not swollen, posterior half; posterolateral corners of V 7 angulate. MPP symmetrical or asymmetrical, squarely or obliquely truncate (slightly obliquely truncate in Wugiroga 1, Bweinaniwarikiapu 1, Manipwena 3, and Napagiwae 1; obliquely truncate in remainder, very strongly in Bweinaniwarikiapu 1 and Kira Kira 1); with a broad dorsal ridge developed slightly to the left of centre. Tergites: T 8 outline pattern 4 (Fig. 440); as wide as long, with low rounded curved elevation in posterior area to one side of mid-line; lateral margins converge posteriorly and median posterior margin (viewed from above) narrowly rounded; anterolateral prolongations of T 8 elongate, narrow, and expanded vertically; ventrally directed pieces at bases of prolongations of T 8 present. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 362, 363) subparallel-sided for 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 of its length past articulation with sheath tergite, then right side emarginate; anterior margin of tergite not emarginated; tergite with slight projection to R (as in Figs 360, 361). Aedeagus (Figs 370, 371): L / W <3; LL / ML wide; LL diverge along most of their length dorsally, slightly shorter than ML, apices rounded and subequal in width to ML; ML bearing narrow pointed lateral teeth, apex rounded truncate; base of LL not asymmetrically produced, slightly irregularly rounded. Female. 9.0 – 9.6 mm long. Coloured as for male with these exceptions: V 6 with yellowish LO which is retracted narrowly across the posterior margin which is semitransparent with whitish fat body visible in irregular clumps; V 7, 8 semitransparent with underlying fat body confusing the basic colour, V 7 with diffuse brown markings in median and anterolateral areas in all but one Bweinaniwarikiapu female. V 7 lacking anterolateral depressions; with median posterior margin shallowly emarginate, and posterolateral areas broadly rounded; V 8 median posterior margin narrowly emarginate; T 8 with lateral margins converging posteriorly and posterior margin rounded. Larva. Unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE7BFFE4FF3C567E20BCEFC2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun formed by combining part of the name of the species it most resembles (limbatipennis) and ‘ fusca’ (dark) to highlight the dark markings on the pronotum. For a discussion on the possible variability in colour and morphology in specimens of this species, Pygat. limbatipennis and Pygat. salomonis see below and Tables 8, 9.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE75FFE7FF3F514C2674EA12.taxon	description	(Figs 330 – 337, 339, 340, 342 – 361, 364 – 369, 372 – 376)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE75FFE7FF3F514C2674EA12.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS: labelled 1. printed label ‘ Type’; 2. printed ‘ Solomon Is R A Lever’; 3. Lunga; 4. handwritten ‘ Atyphella salomonis var limbatipennis Pic; 5. handwriting unclear could be Gauda (? = Guadalcanal) 7 Dec (NHML). Other specimens examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Bougainville, 6.0 S, 155.0 E, Kukugai village 150 m, xii. 1960 WB 2 males; 5.6 S, 154.9 E Mutahi 700 m 18 km SE Tinputz 1 – 7. iii. 1968 Tawi 2 males (BPBM). SOLOMON ISLANDS: Western Pr., 7.10 S, 156.95 E, Choiseul, Kitipi River, 80 m, 17. iii. 1964 PS 3 males, female; Malangona River 10 – 30 m, 2 – 7. iii. 1964 PS 4 females (BPBM); Malangona 25. viii. 1963 P Greenslade male, female (NHML). Western Pr., 7.95 S, 157.05 E, Kolombangara 9 – 11. vi. 1922 E Armytage female, 2 males (NHML); Pepele 30 m, 7 – 9. ii. 1964 PS, 4 males malaise trap; Iriri 2 m 3. vii. 1964 JS 2 males (BPBM). Isabel Pr., 8.00 S, 159.10 E Santa Isabel, Kolotuve 15 – 16. vi. 1960 COB male, 2 females; SE Tatamba 14. ix. 1964 RS male; Haguelu 10 km SW Tatamba 400 – 650 m 1 – 3. x. 1964 native collector male (BPBM). Rasa 12. ii. 1964 P Greenslade 2 males 2 females (NHML); Rasa 25. v. 1963 P Greenslade male (NHML). Guadalcanal Pr., 9.28 S, 159.52 E, Guadalcanal, 10 mi NW Honiara, at Mavo Bridge, 25 – 26. xi. 1969, J E Lloyd, 11 males (G 649 – 652, 654, 655, 657 – 658, 660 – 662 of which 660, 662 have flashes recorded) (JELC). 9.35 S, 160.12 E, Betikama River, ix. 1960, WB, 5 males, female (BPBM); Honiara 0 – 200 m, xii. 1976 NK 2 males (NHML), i – ii. 1985 5 males NK (BPBM); Kolosulu, native garden, 20. v. 1960, COB 4 males 4 females; Lame near Mt Tatuve 300 m, 18. v. 1960 COB, 12 males 2 females; Lunga River (bridge) 4. ix. 1960 COB male; Mt Austen 50 m, palms, 11. x. 1981 JG male (BPBM); Mt Galliego, Royal society BSIP 1965, lower camp site, male (NHML); Paripao, 21. v. 1960 COB 2 males; Poha River 5 m, 2. vii. 1956 JG male; Sahuluatea 200 – 400 m, i. 1973 NK male; Tambalia, 30 KM W Honiara, 22. v. 1964 RS male; Tetere, 17.6 km E Roroni-Tathimani, 12. v. 1960 COB 6 males (BPBM); Kukun 3. x. 1963 P Greenslade male (NHML). Central Pr., Florida Group, Gairava, 14. ix. 1960 COB 8 males, 3 females (BPBM); 9.08 S, 160.25 E, Nggela Is, Haleta 0 – 100 m, 2 – 17. x. 1964 RS 2 males (1 male sago stumps), 3 females (1 female malaise trap) (BPBM); 0 – 250 m, Takopekope, 12. ix. 1960, COB 10 males, female (BPBM). Malaita Pr., 9.00 S, 161.00 E, 14. iv. 1954 E Brown male (NHML).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE75FFE7FF3F514C2674EA12.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of the Pygatyphella B complex; dorsal colouration orange pronotum with dark brown elytra which are pale margined along their lateral margins; most similar to Pygat. limbatifusca sp. n., distinguished by the absence of small paired dark markings on the pronotum, the very dark brown elytra and the narrower lateral pale band. Distinguished from other similarly coloured species by features listed on page 69 and from Pygat. salomonis in Tables 8, 9. Male. 7.2 – 11.3 mm long; 3.0 – 4.2 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 330 – 337, 339, 340): Pronotum orange yellow, semitransparent with underlying fat body visible; elytra very dark brown, lateral margins pale yellow, semitransparent, pale margins extending from outer edge of humerus narrowly around apex, not to suture; apical ¼ lateral margin brown in single Malaita male; margins either wider than underlying epipleuron, or as narrow as epipleuron (Figs 421,422; Table 8); 10 Takopekope males with lateral elytral margins narrowly paler brown enhanced by microscope illumination, 1 male with paler elytral margin visible macroscopically; Haleta male with paler brown elytral margins enhanced by microscope illumination, second male with narrow very dingy orange elytral margins; MS and MN pale yellow, MS appearing dusky brown if semitransparent; head, antennae and palpi very dark brown; venter of thorax pale orange yellow except for very dark brown tarsi; abdomen (Figs 342, 345, 346, 350, 353, 354, 359) (Table 8) with basal ventrites yellowish, ventrite colour patterns in Table 8 (either V 3, 4 and 5 dark, or V 3 pale, V 4 and 5 dark; or only V 5 dark); V 5 always very dark brown, V 7 yellowish and semitransparent behind LO; basal tergites yellowish, T 4 – 6 marked irregularly in light brown; T 7 and 8 orange yellow and semitransparent. Pronotum: 1.6 – 2.4 mm long; 2.5 – 4.0 mm wide; W / L 1.5 – 1.6; lateral margins with rounded convergence in posterior areas; lacking indentation near posterolateral corners; with slight irregularities along rounded posterolateral corners, which project at least as far as median posterior margin. Elytron: convex-sided; 5.6 – 8.1 mm long; interstitial lines not well – defined. Head: large, moderately exposed, not able to be completely retracted into prothoracic cavity; GHW 1.7 – 2.3 mm; SIW 0.15 – 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW, sockets very close but not contiguous; frons not defined. Abdomen, ventrites: LO in V 7 occupies half or less V 7, does not reaching sides, posterior margin of LO not emarginated; muscle impressions clearly visible through cuticle in posterior half which is arched but not swollen; posterolateral corners of V 7 angulate. MPP (Figs 342 – 359) with broad dorsal ridge slightly to left of centre; MPP either symmetrical with apex rounded or truncate, or asymmetrical, with apex squarely or obliquely truncate (see Tables 8, 9). Tergites (Figs 360, 361): T 8 (Table 8; conforms to patterns 1 or 4 except 3 in Malaita male) as wide as long, with low rounded curved elevation in posterior area to one side of mid-line; lateral margins converge posteriorly and median posterior margin (from above) usually narrowly rounded; anterolateral prolongations of T 8 (Figs 360, 361, 377) elongate, narrow, expanded vertically; ventrally directed pieces on bases of prolongations of T 8 present. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 360, 361) subparallel-sided for 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 of its length past articulation with sheath tergite, then right side emarginate; anterior margin of tergite not emarginated; tergite with slight projection to R. Aedeagus (Figs 364 – 369, 372 – 376): L / W <3; LL / ML wide; LL diverging along most of length dorsally, slightly shorter than ML, LL apices rounded subequal in width to ML; ML bearing paired narrow pointed lateral teeth, apex of ML rounded truncate; base of LL not asymmetrically produced, slightly irregularly rounded. Female. 8.5 – 10.2 mm long. Coloured as for male with these exceptions: lateral pale margin not extending around apex in 3 Gairava females; 2 Haleta females with narrow dusky orange lateral margins, 1 Haleta female with wide bright orange lateral margin; V 6 with yellowish LO; V 7, 8 semitransparent yellow. V 7 lacking anterolateral depressions; with median posterior margin shallowly emarginate, and posterolateral areas broadly rounded; V 8 median posterior margin narrowly emarginate; T 8 with lateral margins converging posteriorly and posterior margin rounded. Larva. Unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE75FFE7FF3F514C2674EA12.taxon	discussion	Remarks. LB has been guided by geographical locations in the placement of many of these specimens in addition to differences in colour and morphology. Pronotal colour may be difficult to interpret as areas of retraction of underlying muscles may appear as coloured patches (see Discussion). Microscopic illumination can make determination of the extent of paler lateral margins more difficult, (particularly so in the Takopekope and Haleta specimens )). Both these populations are tentative assignments only. Pygat. limbatipennis and Pygat. salomonis were taken together at several locations, and Tables 8, 9 give comparisons between them. Comparisons between different populations were limited by paucity of specimens from some areas, and discussion following Pygat. salomonis suggests that further studies are necessary.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE77FFE7FF3C53362627EB94.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Northern Pr., 8.77 S, 148.24 E, Popondetta, 28. ii. 1966 (QM). Diagnosis. A moderate sized (8.5 – 10 mm long) species with pale brown, pale margined elytra; distinguished from most pale coloured Pygatyphella by the absence of distinct elytral markings at base and apex. Remarks. Ballantyne (1968) described this species from 3 specimens.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE77FFE0FF3C514B26E6EADA.taxon	description	(Figs 282, 291, 292, 300, 301, 308, 312, 313)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE77FFE0FF3C514B26E6EADA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. INDONESIA IRIAN JAYA: 3.22 S, 135.28 E, Nabire 5 – 50 m, 25. viii – 2. ix. 1962, JS (BPBM). Paratypes (2). Same data as for holotype (males) (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE77FFE0FF3C514B26E6EADA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of the ‘ obsoleta ’ complex distinguished by the light brown dorsal colouration of the elytra which may lack darker markings, the very narrow posterior margin of T 8 which has rounded and slightly projecting corners; short narrow prolongation of the inner apical margins of the LL, and the asymmetrical ML which bends left in a horizontal plane. Male. 6.4 – 6.7 mm long; 2.5 – 2.7 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Fig 282): Pronotum pale brown, posteromedian area marked in brown (extends to posterior margin); pronotum semitransparent and underlying pale fat body makes pronotum appear slightly paler than elytra, MN pale brown with median brown areas reaching inner and anterior margins; with posterior and lateral margins narrowly yellow; MS light brown with narrow median dark marking; elytra pale brown, semitransparent, lacking darker markings except for pale brown areas in posterior lateral areas, with fat body irregularly distributed in small clumps; head very dark reddish brown, antennae and palpi slightly lighter, inner margins of apical segments of both maxillary and labial palpi paler brown; under surface of thorax yellowish (metasternum appears light brown); legs yellowish with dark brown tarsi; basal ventrites light brownish yellow, V 3 and 4 with median brown area that occupies about half the area, V 5 very dark brown with paler anterolateral corners; LO creamy white, posterior area of V 7 yellowish, semitransparent (muscle impressions visible); tergites brown, terminal two tergites semitransparent, yellow, heavily sclerotised. Pronotum: 1.3 – 1.4 mm long; 2.4 mm wide; W / L 1.8; lateral margins divergent posteriorly with angled convergence on both sides in 2 / 3, and rounded convergence in 1 / 3; posterolateral corners approximately 90 ° and angulate, inclined obliquely to the median line; slight kink in lateral margins on both sides in 1 / 3 and on left side only in 2 / 3. Elytron: parallel-sided; 5.1 – 5.3 mm long; with 2 well – defined interstitial lines. Head: can be retracted partially within prothoracic cavity and may not be visible from above; GHW 1.5 mm; SIW 0.15 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW (sockets very close, not contiguous). Abdomen, ventrites (Fig. 308): LO in V 7 reaches sides but not posterior margin and is shallowly bisinuate across its posterior margin; posterior area of V 7 arched but not swollen; posterolateral areas of V 7 rounded, corners not obvious. MPP as long as wide, dorsal surface lacking ridge; posterior margin squarely truncate. Tergites (Figs 312, 313): T 8 longer than wide, lateral margins converge strongly posteriorly, much narrower across posterior margin, depending on orientation appears slightly medially emarginated; posterolateral corners rounded, projecting slightly; median longitudinal area flat with ridge like lateral margins, raised above slightly sloping sides; anterolateral prolongations elongate, narrow, expanded vertically and bases lacking projecting pieces. Aedeagal sheath: emargination of right side of sternite begins at point of attachment of tergal arms laterally. Aedeagus (Figs 291, 292, 300, 301): L / W> 3 / 1; LL / ML moderate; LL not strongly divergent along their length dorsally, and a little shorter than ML at their apices; outer preapical area of LL produced angulate; inner apical area of LL prolonged, short, narrow; base of LL asymmetrically produced to left; ML lacking lateral teeth. Female, Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE77FFE0FF3C514B26E6EADA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, the type locality, is considered as a noun in apposition.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE70FFE3FF3C520E2368EF62.taxon	description	(Figs 257, 258, 377 – 396)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE70FFE3FF3C520E2368EF62.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: labelled 1. (printed) ♂; 2. (printed) Nieuw Guinea expedition; hand written Dignel; 3. pink label handwritten in ink ‘ obsoleta Ern Oliv. ’ (MNHN).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE70FFE3FF3C520E2368EF62.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to moderate sized species (6 – 10 mm long) distinguished from other Pygatyphella by a series of features including the slight production of the middle of the posterior margin of the LO, the arched but not swollen posterior area of V 7, the asymmetrical base of LL which is produced to the right, the apex of the MPP which in typical specimens is angulate and pointed, and the most prevalent dorsal colouration which has a wide triangular dark marking at the base of the elytra. Male. Overview: Typical obsoleta (Figs 377 – 379) have extensive dark markings on pronotum, median dark spots on both MN and MS, and extensive dark triangular marks at elytral base with two or three small spots towards elytral apex; lateral margins of pronotum variously rounded or angulate, sometimes differing from left to right side in one individual, kinks either absent, or developed on one or both sides, in both rounded or angulate lateral margins; head (Figs 393, 394) can be retracted within prothoracic cavity thus often not visible from above; antennal sockets very close not contiguous; LO (Figs 387 – 389) retracted to anterior portion of V 7 with median posterior margin slightly produced; area posterior to LO arched not swollen; posterolateral corners of V 7 angulate; T 8 (Figs 390 – 392) with very long anterolateral prolongations expanding vertically; ventral surface of T 8 (Figs 391, 392) with well – defined and well margined median longitudinal groove, posterior margin of which may appear ridge like in pinned specimens if MPP abuts against it; inner left side of anterior margin of median groove often appearing slightly elevated with respect to right side (appears thus viewed from side in pinned specimens only); MPP usually angulate-pointed; LL (Figs 395, 396) have rounded projection in their lateral preapical area, with inner apical area short; base of LL (dorsal aspect) asymmetrically produced to left. Wide colour variations were noted (Ballantyne, 1968), and Lloyd (1972) surmised on the probable existence of more than one species. Ballantyne (1993) addressed the variability of morphology in differing populations and this is extended below. Group 1, typical obsoleta. Conforms to description above except for slight variations listed below. Collectors for Wau 1961 – 1965 JS, JHS and MS variously.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE70FFE3FF3C520E2368EF62.taxon	materials_examined	PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Wau Morobe Pr., 7.20 S, 146.42 E, 1. x. 1961 – 15. xii. 1961: male female (16 – 1700 m), 3 males (1300 m), 22 males 9 females (1200 m), female (1150 m), 8 males, 3 females, (1050 m), 1 – 4. x. 1962, 3 males (1200 m); 25. i. 1963, male (1090 m); 21. iv. 1963, male (1200 m) (BPBM); Hospital Creek, 10. v. 1965, male (1250 m) (BPBM); 1 mi N Wau 2800 feet, near Kunai Creek, Lae Road, 15. x. 1969, J E Lloyd, 5 males, female (G 260 – 263, G 263 is tube of ethanol with 2 males 1 female (JEL); Bulolo River 850 – 900 m, male (4. ii. 1966), female 24. viii. 1965, (BPBM). Extensive colouration (as for Figs 377 – 379) on pronotum, basal area of elytron with wide triangular brown marking; pronotum angulate convergence both sides 7 / 41; rounded convergence 34 / 41; left margin only angulate 3 / 41, right margin only angulate 4 / 41; kink in lateral margin on both sides in 5 / 41; on left side only in 8 / 41, on right side only in 3 / 41; MPP pointed in 40 / 41 (Figs 387, 388), rounded in 1 / 41. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., 7.18 S, 146.64 E, Bulolo, 6. xi. 1969 JS, 1 male (700 m); 18. v. 1959, JS 1 male (700 m); 21. viii. 1956, E J Ford jnr, 1 female (1170 m); Bulolo River, 8. v. 1969, JS, 680 m, 4 males 2 females, 2. ii. 1969, JS male (BPBM). Colouration as above (Fig. 377); pronotum angulate on one side only in 4 / 6; kink in lateral margin on both sides in 2 / 6, on left side only in 2 / 6, on right side only in 1 / 6, no kink either side in 1 / 6; MPP pointed. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., 6.30 S, 147.34 E, Huon Peninsula, Pindiu, 3 males 20 – 22. iv. 1963 JS (one recorded at 750 – 850 m) (BPBM). Colouration as above (Fig. 379); pronotum not angulate on either side; no lateral kinks in 2 / 3, kink on R side only in 1 / 3. MPP pointed. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., 6.43 S, 146.59 E, Lae: vii – viii. 1944, F E Skinner, 7 males; 18 – 24. i. 1962, JS 2 males (malaise trap); 10. xii. 1964, M E Bacchus, 6 males (stn 116); 26. vii. 1955, JLG, male (BPBM); Lae at Markham River Bridge, 14. x. 1969, J E Lloyd 5 males 2 females (G 233 – 34 females, 238 – 239 males, G 240 3 males JEL); Botanic Gardens J B Buck, ‘ 7 PNG VI / 1 ’ 7 males (ANIC). Colouration (Figs 258, 380). Pronotum with dark median markings in 5 males, markings reduced to faintly defined areas in remainder; elytron with apical spots small or faintly defined; dark markings restricted to a narrow band along basal 1 / 3 of suture in most males; 1 male has the extensive elytral colour of the group above, 2 males have dark marking extending from the dark suture to interstitial line 1 or 2; pronotum either angulate on both sides, right or left side only or not angulate on either side; MPP pointed. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., 7.52 S, 147.13 E, Garaina: 13 – 18. i. 1968, JS 4 males 1 female (800 m), 1 male (700 – 750 m); 11 – 14. vii. 1969 1 male 1 female JLG; 20. xi – 17. xii. 1969 W Hutton, 1 male; no date (900 – 1800 m), 1 male 800 m JS (BPBM). Colouration (Fig. 381). Pronotum with faint traces of median brown markings; elytra with reduced markings along suture as for Lae group above; left side of pronotum angulate in 2 / 9, right side angulate in 8 / 9, not converging posteriorly in 1 / 9; kink present on left side in 4 (with rounded convergence), kink present on right side in 3 (with rounded convergence). MPP pointed in 5 / 9, rounded, broadly in 2 / 9, narrowly rounded in 1 / 9. Group 2. Madang – Sek Harbor group. Has extensive colouration of Group 1 Wau group; MPP very slightly medially emarginated and the median posterior margin of T 8 is narrowly rounded. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Madang Pr., 6.07 S, 147.57 E, Madang: 8. iv. 1965 Y Haneda 6 males (ANIC); 29 – 30. v. 1968, J Buck, 26 males (in two tubes of ethanol) (ANIC). Sek Harbor, 10 mi N. Madang, 1969, J. E. Lloyd, 3 males, 23. ix (G 45 – 47); 5 males, 2 – 5. x (G 115 – 118, 120 all Behavior Voucher specimens (BHVS); G 116 has abdomen missing); male, 4 females, 3. x (G 157, 155, 156, 152, 151 BHVS); female, 5. x (G 149 BHVS); male, 12. x (G 230); male, 22. x (G 384); male, 29. x (G 105, BHVS); male, 30. x (G 106, BHVS). (JELC). Colouration extensive, pronotum with wide median marking, elytron with triangular brown basal area like Group 1; pronotal margins rounded in all pinned specimens, angulate on left side only in 5 / 26 tubed specimens; kink in L only, R only and both sides of 3 pinned specimens; in tubed specimens kink on both sides in 3 / 26, on right side only in 4 / 26, no kink on either side in remainder of tubed specimens. MPP always slightly emarginated in pinned specimens; slightly emarginated in 7 / 26 tubed specimens and not emarginated in 11 (Not all have abdomens). Group 3, E Highlands group. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Eastern Highlands Pr., 6.30 S, 145.90 E, Aiyura, 5400 ft, J H Barrett, 32 males 4 females (ANIC). 6.02 S, 145.22 E, 10.2 mi east Goroka, J E Lloyd, 2 males (G 385, 387) (JELC). Colouration (Fig. 383). With extensive dorsal dark markings as for Wau group, pronotal markings faint in 24 / 32 males while occupying the same area as those with dark marked pronotum; MS MN and markings at elytral base as for Wau group; pronotal lateral margins with angulate convergence on both sides in 5 / 32, angulate on L side only in 3 / 32, angulate on R side only in 6 / 32, remainder rounded; kink absent in 24 / 32, on R side only in 7 / 32, on L side only in 4 / 32 (kink coincides with rounded convergence on both sides in 2 / 32, kink on R side only coincides with angulate convergence in 3 / 32 and rounded in 3 / 32, and kink on L side only coincides with L side only angulate margin). V 7 with posterolateral ‘ corners’ rounded in 16 / 32, angulate in 6 / 32; length from posterior margin of LO to tip of MPP 2 / 3 total length of V 7; posterior margin of MPP pointed (2 / 32), truncate (1 / 32), rounded in rest.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE70FFE3FF3C520E2368EF62.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lloyd (1972: 163) described the complex mating behaviour, which " suggests the possibility that L. obsoleta is actually a complex of cryptic species ". These observations did not include a record of a synchronous display. He described the " sedentariness " of the males and the " intricate and expensive mating system " the significance of which " is that it reduces mating mistakes ... since it maximizes opportunities for identification ". None of Lloyd's (1972) observed mountings led to copulation; many coupled pairs (which apparently remained coupled throughout the next day) were subsequently found. Lloyd (1979 a: 330) gave details of 57 further " nuptial chases "; only 4 males mounted a female; none copulated. " My original interpretation of this elaborate pair-forming behavior was that a number of sympatric, sibling species, which morphological evidence suggests occur, make it necessary for reproductive isolation ". Lloyd (1981: 95) considered " in the seemingly variable emissions of males there is individuality that females remember and use to certify … .. that the successful chaser is the one she has observed and evaluated ". Ballantyne (1993) investigated the potential variability in this species on a smaller number of specimens and localities than is done here, and suggested the same morphological groupings. Lloyd (pers. comm., 1989), after having seen Ballantyne’s (1993) results, was not sure that a strong distinction could be made between these morphological groups. Because of the variability in the female morphology encountered here, females are tentatively assigned and no further description presented. Ballantyne (1968: 111) did not encounter the same variability and characterised females.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE73FFDCFF3C56E6262BEFFA.taxon	description	(Figs 283, 285, 293 – 295, 302, 303, 309, 310, 314)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE73FFDCFF3C56E6262BEFFA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: E Highlands Pr., 6.0 S, 147.0 E, Okapa, c 5000 ft, 20. xii. 1964, R Hornabrook (BPBM). Paratypes (4). Female labelled as for holotype (BPBM). Eastern Highlands Pr., 6.08 S, 145.39 E, 10.2 mi E Goroka, 22. x. 1969, J Lloyd, males (G 384, 385, 387) (JEL).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE73FFDCFF3C56E6262BEFFA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One of the ‘ obsoleta complex’, distinguished by the trisinuate tip of the MPP, and the slightly projecting and angulate posterolateral corners of V 7. Male. 7.7 – 9.9 mm long; 2.8 – 3.6 mm wide; W / L 0.3 – 0.4. Colour (Figs 283, 285): Pronotum pale brown, either with well – defined dark posteromedian brown area (Goroka), or with posteromedian area very slightly darker than rest of pronotum (Okapa); pronotum appearing paler than elytra because of semitransparency and underlying pale fat body, MN pale brown with median brown areas attaining anterior margin, not reaching inner margin; MS light brown with wide median dark marking; elytra pale brown, semitransparent, with broad triangular basal marking and two small spots preapically; fat body irregularly distributed in small clumps; head very dark reddish brown, antennae and palpi slightly lighter; under surface of thorax brownish with metasternum and metepisternal plates very dark brown, metepipleural plates pale; legs largely brown (fore and middle coxae pale, hind coxae brown), with paler apices of femora and base of tibiae (giving appearance of pale ‘ knees’); apical 2 / 3 tibiae and tarsi very dark brown; ventrites 2 – 5 dark brown (basal ventrites irregularly lighter brown laterally; LO creamy white, posterior area of V 7 yellowish, semitransparent (muscle impressions visible); tergites light brown, terminal two tergites semitransparent, yellow, heavily sclerotised. Pronotum (Fig. 285): 1.4 – 1.9 mm long; 2.7 – 3.2 mm wide; W / L 1.7 – 1.9; lateral margins divergent posteriorly with angled convergence on both sides in 2 / 3 (Okapa 1, Goroka 1), rounded convergence in 1 / 3 (Goroka); posterolateral corners narrowly angulate, inclined obliquely to median line; slight kink in lateral margins on both sides in 2 / 3 (Okapa 1, Goroka 1), absent from either side in one Goroka male. Elytron: parallel-sided; 6.3 – 8.0 mm long; with 2 well – defined interstitial lines. Head: can be partially retracted within prothoracic cavity but remains moderately exposed from above; GHW 1.5 – 2.0 mm; SIW 0.15 – 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW (sockets very close but not contiguous). Abdomen, ventrites (Figs 309, 310): LO in V 7 reaching sides, not posterior margin and projecting posteriorly slightly in the middle of its posterior margin; posterior area of V 7 arched not swollen; posterolateral areas of V 7 narrowly rounded projecting slightly posteriorly (scored as PLP present). MPP as long as wide, dorsal surface lacking ridge; posterior margin trisinuate. Tergites (Figs 313, 314): T 8 width subequal to length, lateral margins converge gently posteriorly; median trough present on ventral surface of T 8, slightly asymmetrically margined, margin more strongly thickened in anterolateral left; anterolateral prolongations elongate, narrow, expanded vertically and lacking flanges. Aedeagal sheath: emargination of right side of sternite begins at point of attachment of tergal arms laterally. Aedeagus (Figs 293 – 295, 302, 303): L / W> 3 / 1; LL / ML moderate; LL moderately divergent along their length dorsally, little shorter than ML at apices; outer preapical area of LL produced angulate; inner apical area of LL prolonged, elongate narrow; base of LL asymmetrically produced (to left); ML lacking lateral teeth. Female. Associated by similarity of label data only. Coloured as for male with these exceptions: pronotum lacking defined brown markings (median area appears diffusely slightly darker); median dark marking on MS narrow and extends to mid-point only; fat body in elytra not obvious; V 6 with creamy white LO; V 7, 8 pale yellow and semitransparent; posterior margin of V 7 widely emarginated with small narrow emarginations just inside lateral margin on each side across posterior margin; posterior margin of V 8 narrowly emarginated; lateral margins of T 8 converge posteriorly, posterior margin straight. Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE73FFDCFF3C56E6262BEFFA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, the type locality, is considered as a noun in apposition.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE73FFDCFF3C56E6262BEFFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Interpretation of the posterolateral ‘ corners’ of ventrite 7 as slightly and narrowly prolonged was made when the shape was retained after soaking the abdomen in water.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4CFFDCFF3C556E270EEBCC.taxon	description	(Figs 259, 315, 316, 318, 321 – 326)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4CFFDCFF3C556E270EEBCC.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA (MCSN). Material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., 3.46 S, 143.52 E, 4 mi n Wau elev. c. 2800 ' nr Kunai Creek, Lae Rd. 1969, J. E. Lloyd, 5 males, 17. x, (G 316, 319, 321, 324, 331); 2 males, 18. x (G 351, 354); 2 males, 12. xi (G 566 orange label, G 565); 5 males, 13. xi (G 583, 584, 587, 589, 596); male, 14. xi (G 604); female, 16. x, (G 616) (JELC). Northern Pr., 9.02 S, 148.2 E, Mt Lamington, NE Papua, 1300 – 1500 feet, C T McNamara, 13 males, 4 females (one male at light) (SAM). Northern Pr., 8.52 S, 147.73 E, Kokoda, Papua, 1200 feet, 14. vii. 1933, at light, L. Cheeseman, 6 males, 4 females (NHML). Code name. Luciola 5 (Lloyd 1973 b)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4CFFDCFF3C556E270EEBCC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate sized species (9.3 – 9.8 mm long) distinguished from all other Pygatyphella by the possession of paired dorsal protuberances of V 7 in the male; similar to Pygat. eliptaminensis and distinguished by its smaller size, and colour of PN and elytra. Male. Additional features. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 325, 326) with posterior half of sternite relatively narrow; tergite short with anterior margin darker than rest. T 8 (Fig. 322) lacking median longitudinal groove.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4CFFDCFF3C556E270EEBCC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygat. peculiaris was sympatric at Kunai Creek with Pygat. huonensis. Lloyd (1973 b) described the single flash pattern of the males, which flew singly, with a flash period of 0.5 sec, contrasting with a flash period of 1.5 sec for huonensis. The projections on the dorsal surface of V 7 are apparently reflexed parts of the anterior margins of the dorsal cuticle, which ‘ faces’ the MPP, and are visible in almost all the males examined. They may be a consequence of drying and appear to have no obvious function.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4CFFDEFF3C5113275AEEEA.taxon	description	(Figs 397 – 404)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4CFFDEFF3C5113275AEEEA.taxon	description	Specimens examined. Solomon Islands, 8.00 S, 159.10 E: Tatamba, 0 – 50 m, 2 – 15. ix. 1964, RS 3 males; Tirotongna on Freycinetia, JLG, 17. x. 1981, 1 male; Pirega, 22. vi. 1960, COB 1 male. Florida Group, Takopekope, 12. ix. 1960, COB 2 males (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4CFFDEFF3C5113275AEEEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Moderate sized (6.0 – 7.4 mm long); pronotum red yellow with an anterior median dark mark; elytra black; venter of body yellow; median posterior projection of ventrite 7 with rounded apex; T 8 with ventrally directed flanges on long and vertically expanded anterior prolongations; MPP with dorsal ridge; T 8 with short posteromedian ridge; ML of aedeagus with lateral teeth; aedeagal sheath with basal 1 / 3 of posterior area subparallel-sided. Male. 6.0 – 7.4 mm long; 2.6 – 3.3 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 397, 398): PN orange, anteromedian ‘ hourglass’ shaped dark mark almost reaching anterior but not posterior margin; MN light orange, MS light brown; elytra dark brown; head antennae and palpi dark; ventral surface of thorax and base of all legs dingy yellow, all tarsi dark brown, apical half all tibiae dark brown; all tergites pale yellow and semitransparent; ventral abdomen yellow except for brown posterior half V 4, dark brown V 5, pale LO in 6, 7. Pronotum (Fig. 397): 1.3 – 1.7 mm long; 2.1 – 2.7 mm wide; W / L 1.6; lateral margins with rounded convergence, lacking indentations; posterolateral corners broadly rounded, with irregularities. Elytron: 4.7 – 5.7 mm long; interstitial lines not as well – defined as sutural ridge except Takopekope male with 3 lines. Head: not able to be retracted completely into prothoracic cavity; GHW 1.5 – 1.8 mm; SIW 0.15 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW (sockets very close but not contiguous). Abdomen, ventrites (Figs 401 – 404): posterior margin of LO in V 7 entire, not emarginated, LO not reaching sides or posterior margin, occupying half or less of V 7. MPP about as long as wide, conspicuous, apex truncate or rounded; MPP with broad dorsal slightly off – centre ridge. Tergites: T 8 (Fig. 404) wider than long (visible entire posterior portion), median posterior margin slightly produced, narrowly rounded; conforms most closely to pattern 3; ventral surface of posterior median area with short, slightly elevated straight ridge; anterolateral prolongations elongate, expanded in vertical plane, and with ventrally directed projecting pieces at their bases (Not visible in Fig. 404). Aedeagal sheath: sternite subparallel-sided for about 1 / 3 of its length from tergite articulation before emargination on left side. Aedeagus (Figs 399, 400): L / W <3; LL / ML moderate; LL divergent along length dorsally, slightly shorter than ML; apices of LL rounded, not out – turned width narrower than that of ML; base of LL produced and rounded; ML with paired wide rounded lateral teeth at level of ejaculatory orifice. Female, Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4CFFDEFF3C5113275AEEEA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the absence of types or reliably identified specimens it is reasonable to identify these specimens as plagiata. Two species of Luciola with dark marked pronota were recorded from the general study area, caledonica from New Caledonia and plagiata from the Solomons Ile St George (presumed to be St Jorge Island off the SW coast of Santa Isabel). Blanchard’s (1853) specimens approach these specimens in size, colouration and their type locality. Bourgeois (1884) described a convex shape and size, which approaches species like salomonis; however his description of the colour and morphology of the abdomen strongly suggests a female, and on that basis the synonymy is suggested (females are often larger than the males). Only two species from the Solomon Islands studied here have dark markings on the pronotum (the other Pygat. limbatifusca has two small dark spots on the pronotum, and pale margined elytra). Ballantyne and Buck (1979) suggested an overall similarity between aphrogeneia, caledonica, and carolinae, which are all distinguished here (aphrogeneia retained in Atyphella and carolinae assigned to Magnalata). Two distinctively coloured species are recorded from New Caledonia, viz. Bourgeoisia antipodum (Bourgeois) which is entirely black dorsally, and Luciola caledonica (Bourgeois). Heller (1916) recorded caledonica from Ile Art, Ile Nou and Ile des Pins. He recorded only species from New Caledonia with no reference to sex of specimens. Fauvel (1904) recorded a description of luminosity on Ile d’Art on trees and bushes by ‘ Lucioles’ (he considered it could have been L. caledonica, but it could just as easily have been Bourgeoisia antipodum). LB found no specimens of caledonica in the Bourgeois collection in Paris in 2002 and specimens from New Caledonia treated here as “ New Caledonia 2 ” have strong eye emarginations in the male. Recent collections on New Caledonia by the QM team included only specimens which were entirely dark dorsally.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4EFFDEFF3C567E23A5EC9C.taxon	description	(Fig. 260)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4EFFDEFF3C567E23A5EC9C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Southern Highlands Pr., 6.33 S, 143.30 E, Tage, Lake Kutubu (QM). Diagnosis. This species was described for a single specimen, distinguished from all other Pygatyphella by its striking yellow dorsal colouration with black markings. The aedeagus is of the same pattern as seen in the ‘ obsoleta complex’.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4EFFDFFF3C54432137EF92.taxon	description	(Figs 405 – 416)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4EFFDFFF3C54432137EF92.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Central Pr., Russell Island: Pavuvul Is, Pepesala, 0 – 100 m, 19. vii. 1964, RS (BPBM). Paratype (1). SOLOMON ISLANDS: Central Pr., Russell Island, R Lever (NHML); carries identification label as possible new species (Fig. 411).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4EFFDFFF3C54432137EF92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only species in the Pygatyphella Group B complex with pale dorsal colouration. Male. 8.8 – 9.2 mm long; 3.8 – 4.0 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 405 – 407): Pronotum very pale light brownish yellow, semitransparent with underlying fat body visible, 2 barely defined small median brown areas; elytra yellowish brown, semitransparent, basal 1 / 3 very slightly darker than rest; head, antennae and palpi very dark brown; venter of thorax pale yellowish brown except for brown tarsi; V 1, 2 yellowish, V 3 with small midlateral brown markings, V 4 mostly dark brown with lateral areas narrowly pale; V 5 very dark brown with 4 very small yellow spots along anterior margin; LO in V 6, 7 creamy white, posterior area of V 7 yellowish; basal tergites yellowish, T 4 – 6 marked irregularly in light brown, extent of markings increases from 4 – 6; T 7 and 8 orange yellow and semitransparent. Pronotum (Fig. 407): 2.0 – 2.2 mm long; 3.4 – 3.5 mm wide; W / L 1.6; lateral margins with rounded convergence in posterior areas; lacking indentation near posterolateral corners; with slight irregularities along posterolateral corners, corners rounded and projecting beyond median posterior margin. Elytron: parallel-sided; 7.0 mm long; interstitial lines not well – defined. Head: moderately exposed, not able to be completely retracted into prothoracic cavity; GHW 2.0 – 2.3 mm; SIW 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW, sockets very close not contiguous; frons not defined. Abdomen, ventrites (Figs 408 – 410): V 6 very short (probably post – mortem effect as it seems to be retracted anteriorly beneath V 5); LO in V 7 occupying less than half V 7, not reaching sides, posterior margin not emarginated; muscle impressions clearly visible through cuticle in posterior half which is arched not swollen; posterolateral corners of V 7 angulate. MPP symmetrical, elongate, subparallel-sided, posterior margin very slightly obliquely truncate (scored as rounded), with broad dorsal ridge slightly to left of centre. Tergites: T 8 (Fig. 410) as wide as long, with low rounded barely curved elevation in posterior area to one side of mid-line; lateral margins converge posteriorly and median posterior margin (from above) narrowly rounded; anterolateral prolongations of T 8 elongate, narrow, anterior ends narrowly rounded, expanded vertically; ventrally directed pieces on prolongations of T 8 appear to be present at base of prolongation. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 414, 415) subparallel-sided for half its length past articulation with sheath tergite, with right side emarginate; left lateral margin of anterior arms of tergite slightly produced; anterior margin of tergite not emarginate. Aedeagus (Figs 412, 413, 416): L / W 2.25; LL / ML wide; LL diverge along most of length dorsally, are slightly shorter than ML, with apices rounded and subequal in width to ML; ML bearing narrow pointed lateral teeth, apex rounded truncate; base of LL not asymmetrically produced, slightly irregularly rounded. Female, Larva. Unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4EFFDFFF3C54432137EF92.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition formed from the type locality. Olivier recognised the distinctiveness of the NHML specimen (Fig. 411).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4FFFD8FF3C56B62617E98A.taxon	description	(Figs 417 – 439)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4FFFD8FF3C56B62617E98A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. SOLOMON ISLANDS. (NHML). Other specimens examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Bougainville, 1931, J Waterhouse, 5 males, 2 females (BPBM); 5.91 S, 154.98 E, Togerao 15 – 21. iv. 1968, Tawi, 5 males, 2 females (BPBM); 6.40 S, 155.7 E, Kokure, 9 – 16. vi. 1958, EF, male 2 females (BPBM). SOLOMON ISLANDS: Western Pr., Choiseul 7.10 S, 156.95 E, Kitipi River, 80 m, 14. iii. RS male (BPBM); Malangona 2. iii. 1964 PS male (BPBM). 8.07 S, 156.75 E, Gizo 2 – 60 m, 18. xi. 1963 JG 2 males, female (BPBM); 0 – 140 m xii. 1980 NK female; Gizo Island 30 m, MV light, 4. viii. 1964, JS, male (BPBM); 1 – 100 m, 11. vii. 1959, JG, 2 males (one male at light); 0 – 100 m, iii. 1985, NK, female; 50 – 120 m, 16 – 26. iv. 1964 malaise trap, JS male (BPBM). Western Province, Vella Lavella 7.75 S, 156.65 E: Mt Arewana 100 – 400, 16. ix. 1963, JG, male, female (BPBM); Gingola 10 m, ix. 1964, JG, PS, 2 males, 2 females (BPBM); Kow, 30 m, 25 – 28. xi. 1963, PS, 5 males, 2 females (BPBM); Kundurumbangara 60 – 80 m, 15. xi. 1963 JG, PS, 3 males, female (BPBM); Pusisoma, 14 – 29. xi. 1963, PS, 16 males, female (BPBM); Ulo Crater, 10 m, 7 – 17. xii. 1963, JG, PS, 12 males, 7 females (3 males, 1 female in malaise trap) (BPBM). Isabel Pr., Santa Isabel: 8.00 S, 159.10 E, Buala, 18. viii. 1964 RS, male light trap (BPBM); Molao 30. vi. 1960 COB, male (BPBM). Guadalcanal Pr., Guadalcanal, 8.0 S, 159 E, Kolosulu, 20. v. 1960 COB, 6 males 3 females (BPBM); 9.61 S, 160.28 E, Lame near Mt Tatuve, 300 m, 18. v. 1960, COB, 4 males 2 females (BPBM); 9.32 S, 160.12 E, 10 mi nw Honiara, at Mavo bridge 25 – 26. xi. 1969 J. E. Lloyd, 11 males (G 649 – 652, 654, 55, 657 – 658,660 – 662, of which 660 and 662 have flashes recorded). (JELC); 13 kms SE Honiara 50 – 500 m, 1. xi. 1970, NK, male (BPBM); Betikama River, ix. 1960, WB, male (BPBM); 9.53 S, 160.36 E Paripao, 21. v. 1960, COB 4 males, female (BPBM); Sahuluatea 200 – 400 m, i. 1973 NK, 5 males (BPBM); Tambalia 30 – 35 km E Honiara, 22 – 25. v. 1964 JS, RS, 3 males (one male sweeping) (BPBM). Malaita Pr., Malaita 9.00 S, 161.00 E: Auki, 2 – 20 m, Calamus, 2. x. 1957 JG, male; Dala 7 – 30. vi. 1964, RS, JS 3 males, female (male in malaise trap) (BPBM). 9.08 S, 160.25 E, Nggela Is, Haleta 200 – 250 m, 11. viii – 10. x. 1964, RS, 2 males, female (BPBM). Code name. Luciola 1 (Lloyd, 1973 b)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4FFFD8FF3C56B62617E98A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from other similarly coloured species by the retracted LO in V 7, the arched posterior area of V 7. Distinguished from Pygat. limbatipennis by the pale lateral elytral margins, and narrower and apically pointed teeth on the ML in the latter (see Tables 8, 9 for comparisons). Male. The major island populations of this species are distinguished in Table 9. 6.5 – 11.2 mm long. Colour (Figs 417 – 420; Table 9): PN orange-yellow, semitransparent (irregular retraction of fat body material beneath cuticle leaves various patches which may appear pale brown); MN usually paler yellow than PN, often with aggregation of fat body beneath cuticle; MS orange, retraction of material beneath cuticle may appear slightly darker colour depending on direction of illumination (especially in Gizo males); elytra very dark brown – black; epipleuron of Bougainville males brownish – orange often with narrow aggregation of fat body; under microscope illumination from above lateral margins of elytra appear slightly semitransparent but are not paler; head antennae and palpi very dark brown; most of ventral surface yellow (semitransparent in area of metasternum and also basal abdomen), legs yellow with brown tibiae and tarsi of legs 1 only, and brown tarsi only of legs 2, 3, or all legs coloured as for legs 1; V 2 and 3 yellow; V 3 narrowly (some Vella Lavella) or widely (Malaita) dark brown; V 4 dark brown, yellow margined laterally, sometimes with median pale yellow area, except in Gizo males where all of V 4 is dark brown,; V 5 entirely dark brown; V 6, 7 creamy yellow in area of LO, posterior area of V 7 yellowish, semitransparent and well sclerotised; basal abdominal tergites brown, T 7, 8 uniformly dingy yellow, semitransparent. Pronotum: Bougainville 2.0 – 2.4 mm long; 3.0 – 3.9 mm wide; W / L 1.5 – 1.6. Vella Lavella 1.5 – 2.0 mm long; 2.7 – 3.3 mm wide; W / L 1.6 – 1.8. Gizo 1.6 – 2.1 mm long; 2.8 – 3.4 mm wide; W / L 1.6 – 1.7. Guadalcanal 1.4 – 1.7 mm long; 2.4 – 3.0 mm wide; W / L 1.7. Elytron: Bougainville 7.2 – 8.8 mm long; Vella Lavella 5.5 – 6.5 mm long; Gizo 6.0 – 6.5 mm long; Guadalcanal 5.0 – 6.3 mm long; convex-sided, with 3 barely elevated interstitial lines. Head: can be partially retracted within prothoracic cavity thus often not visible from above; Bougainville: 1.9 – 2.5 mm; SIW 0.15 – 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; Vella Lavella GHW 1.8 – 2.0 mm; SIW 0.15 – 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; Gizo 1.8 – 2.0 mm; SIW 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; Guadalcanal 1.5 – 1.9 mm; SIW 0.15 – 0.2 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; antennal sockets very close not contiguous; ASD <ASW. Abdomen, ventrites (Figs 421 – 427): LO occupying all of V 6; LO in V 7 occupying less than half area of V 7, not reaching sides, posterior margin not emarginated; muscle impressions clearly visible through cuticle in posterior half which is arched not swollen; posterolateral corners of V 7 angulate. MPP (Figs 422 – 428) symmetrical or not, elongate, lateral margins converge slightly posteriorly, posterior margin rounded, squarely or obliquely truncate, or medianly emarginate (see Table 9); with a dorsal ridge developed to the left of centre. Tergites (Figs 421, 422 – 427, 436 – 440): T 8 conforms to patterns 1 – 4 (Table, 9) and occasionally as wide as long, with a curved elevation in posterior area to one side of mid-line; lateral margins converge posteriorly and median posterior margin (from above) elongate and narrowly to moderately broadly rounded, except very short in Malaita males; anterolateral prolongations of T 8 elongate, narrow (from below), and expanded vertically; ventrally directed pieces on prolongations of T 8 present arising from ventral surface of prolongations. Aedeagal sheath like that of Pygat limbatipennis. Sternite subparallel-sided for 1 / 3 – ½ of its length past articulation with sheath tergite, with right side emarginate; left lateral margin of anterior arms of tergite slightly produced; anterior margin of tergite not emarginate. Aedeagus (Figs 428 – 435): L / W <3; LL / ML wide; LL diverging along most of length dorsally, slightly shorter than ML, LL apices rounded and subequal in width to ML; ML bearing broad rounded lateral teeth, apex of ML rounded truncate; base of LL not asymmetrically produced, slightly irregularly rounded. Female. 4.7 (Kukugai) – 7.5 (Bougainville) mm long. Coloured as for male with these exceptions: basal abdominal ventrites yellow, V 5 dark brown, LO creamy yellow in V 6; V 7, 8 orange yellow, semitransparent and well sclerotised. Pronotum of similar outline to that of male. Head of winged female form. Posterior margin of V 7 shallowly emarginated with posterolateral corners widely rounded; median posterior margins of V 8 not emarginated; lateral margins of V 8 converge evenly posteriorly, posterior margin truncate.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4FFFD8FF3C56B62617E98A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Olivier (1911) described the uniformly black elytra and obsolete interstitial lines of Atyphella salomonis. Pic's (1911) variety limbatipennis differed only in the yellow elytral margin. A description of the light production of this species follows the description of M. limbata. Assignment of any specimens other than those with associated flashing data is tentative only. Island populations differ from each other and within the differing localities on each island, especially in the shape of the MPP and the length of the median posterior area of T 8 (see Tables 8, 9). This species was taken with Pygat. limbatipennis at six locations on Guadalcanal, and two on Choiseul. Interpretation of colour patterns in some specimens assigned here to Pygat. limbatipennis (q. v.) has been difficult as microscopic illumination confused the issue and it is possible that subsequent studies may find intergrades between the two species.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE49FFD9FF3C57DE22F1EC04.taxon	description	(Figs 261, 262, 445, 446, 449)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE49FFD9FF3C57DE22F1EC04.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Southern Highlands Pr., 6.33 S, 143.30 E, Tage, Lake Kutubu, 2700 feet, 15. x. 1960, flying after dark, J. H. Barrett (QM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE49FFD9FF3C57DE22F1EC04.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Most similar to Pygat. undulata, with which it shares a bluntly rounded V 7 with a broad short MPP; MPP not enveloped by the apex of T 8 which is not down turned; distinguished by its smaller size (8 – 10 mm vs 13 – 14 mm), and variable brown markings on the pronotum (undulata has an unmarked pale pronotum).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE49FFDAFF3C55DB26E7ED3A.taxon	description	(Figs 456 – 466)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE49FFDAFF3C55DB26E7ED3A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Western Highlands Pr., 5.49 S, 144.1 E Tomba, slopes of Mt Hagen, 2450 m, 23 – 25. v. 1963, JS (BPBM). Paratypes (10). Same data as for holotype, 9 males. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Southern Highlands Pr., 6.4 S, 143.4 E, Dimifa, SE Mt Giluwe, 2200 m, 11. x. 1958, JLG, male (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE49FFDAFF3C55DB26E7ED3A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Elytra pale brown, semitransparent, with wide inner margin along suture darker brown; interstitial lines not well developed; MPP symmetrical, quite broad, with apex rounded or slightly pointed; posterolateral pronotal corners rounded; outer and inner preapical areas of LL not produced. Male. 8.6 – 9.8 mm long; 3.2 – 4.0 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 456 – 461): Pronotum (Fig. 462) pale yellowish brown, very semitransparent in lateral areas, with median area widely marked in dark brown (extending almost to posterior margin and narrowly retracted from anterior margin), with irregular darker brown areas in 6 / 11; lateral margins of median dark area converging slightly posteriorly and edged with thin line of fat body corresponding to the area on the hypomeron where the lateral flattened area slopes vertically; MN whitish yellow (underlying fat body contributes to apparent colour), with sparse and very pale brown median areas in 6 / 11, brown area expanding almost to posterior margin and slightly darker brown in 4 / 11; MS light brown with narrow to wide median dark marking; elytra pale brown, very semitransparent especially at edges where colour not confused by underlying hind wing and body outline, with an extensive (semitransparent) darker brown area extending from and adjacent to MS laterally to humerus and anteriorly to elytral base, and posteriorly along suture almost to apex (Figs 458 – 461); apical area extending across to outer margin near apex in 4 / 11 (Fig. 459), or separated from an outer brown area in 7 / 11 (Fig 461); basal brown area restricted to basal half of elytra in 1 / 11 (Fig 460) with brown apical area continuous obliquely from suture to lateral margin; head very dark reddish brown, antennae and palpi slightly lighter; under surface of thorax light brown; metasternum darker brown, metapleural plates yellow (underlying dried muscles may show through cuticle and appear darker brown); legs with bases light brown, all tibiae and tarsi dark brown; basal ventrites very dark brown, LO in V 6, V 7 creamy white, remainder of V 7 yellowish, whitish yellow if an underlying cluster of fat body; basal tergites dark brown, T 7, 8 and 9 light brown semitransparent. Pronotum (Fig. 462): 1.6 – 1.7 mm long; 2.8 – 3.0 mm wide; W / L 1.7; lateral margins strongly divergent posteriorly with angled convergence on both sides in 3 / 11, one side angled one side rounded in 1 / 11, and rounded convergence in remainder; indentation of lateral margin apparent on left side only of 1 / 11 (scored as absent); posterolateral corners approximately 90 ° and angulate, inclined obliquely to median line; anterior area of hypomeron flattened and curved, not differentiated from widely flattened posterior area. Elytron: parallel-sided; 7.2 – 8.2 mm long; no interstitial lines well – defined. Head: can be retracted partially within prothoracic cavity; GHW 1.6 – 1.7 mm; SIW 0.25 mm; SIW / GHW 0.15; ASD <ASW (sockets close not contiguous). Abdomen, ventrites (Figs 463, 464): LO in V 7 not reaching sides or posterior margin, entire across posterior margin; posterior area of V 7 is scored as (very gently) arched but does not have obvious underlying muscle impressions (fat body covers much of the posterior area of V 7); posterolateral areas of V 7 rounded or pointed (pointed MPP and rounded T 8 in 6 / 11; pointed MPP and angulate posterior margin of T 8 in 2 / 11, rounded MPP and rounded margin of T 8 in 3 / 11). Tergites: T 8 longer than wide, lateral margins rounded or converging slightly posteriorly, and posterior margin rounded in 9 / 11, with angulate posterolateral ‘ corners’ and a short, pointed median posterior margin in 2 / 11; ventral surface with a shallow median longitudinal trough which is finely margined; anterolateral prolongations shorter than posterior (entire) area T 8, narrow, not obviously expanded, lacking ventrally directed pieces. Aedeagal sheath: emargination of right side of sternite begins at point of attachment of tergal arms laterally. Aedeagus (Figs 465, 466): L / W> 3 / 1; LL / ML moderate; LL divergent along their length dorsally, a little shorter than ML, LL apices subequal in width to ML; outer preapical area of LL not produced, inner apical area of LL not prolonged; base of LL asymmetrically produced (to left); ML lacking lateral teeth. MPP as long as wide, dorsal surface lacking ridge. Female, Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE49FFDAFF3C55DB26E7ED3A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, the type locality, is considered as a noun in apposition.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4AFFDBFF3C5414237CEA7A.taxon	description	(Figs 467 – 478)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4AFFDBFF3C5414237CEA7A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., 3.46 S, 143.52 E, Wau, elevation ca 2800 feet, X – XI. 1968, J E Lloyd (G 593 ANIC). Paratypes (20). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Morobe Pr., 3.46 S, 143.52 E, Wau, same data as holotype, 3 males (G 595 ANIC; G 320, 323 JELC); 1050 m, 4 – 11. xi. 1961, JS, 3 males, female (BPBM). Chimbu Pr., Uberie, 26. ix. 1966, R Carver, R Mackay, 6 males (ANIC). Hudewa, L Wagner, 6 males 2 females (SAMA). Code name. Luciola 12 (Lloyd, 1973 b)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4AFFDBFF3C5414237CEA7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only species of Pygatyphella with bipartite LO in V 7. Male. 7.8 – 7.9 mm long; 3.0 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Figs 467 – 469): Pronotum pale yellowish, semitransparent, with paired median darker markings appearing heart shaped; clumps of fat body clearly visible through cuticle confusing colour; MN yellowish, pale brown markings covering most of inner area of each plate adjacent to MS and fat body evident especially around margins; MS light brown, quite transparent, devoid of fat body; elytra pale light brown, semitransparent, fat body in interstitial lines and around most punctures, lateral margin irregularly dark brown and some fainter traces of brown spots over inner paler area in Hudewa and Uberie males, lateral margin pale in three Wau males with faint traces of apical brown areas; head, antennae, palpi dark brown; most of ventral surface of thorax yellowish (except for brown metasternum) and all tarsi brown; basal abdominal ventrites very pale yellowish with fat body clearly visible beneath transparent cuticle; LO creamy yellow, posterior area of V 7 behind LO yellowish;. Pronotum: 1.3 – 1.4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide; W / L 1.9; lateral margins straight, divergent slightly posteriorly, lacking small indentation before rounded / angulate posterolateral corners, which are <90 ° and inclining obliquely to median line; width across posterior margin of pronotum subequal to, or slightly wider than (Hudewa males) that across elytral humeri. Elytron: 6.3 – 6.5 mm long; parallel-sided; inner two interstitial lines well – defined. Head: barely retracted within prothoracic cavity at rest and visible from above; GHW 2.0 mm; SIW 0.15 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD much less than ASW; antennal sockets very close not contiguous. Abdomen, ventrites (Figs 468, 470, 471): LO entire in V 6, bipartite in 7 reaching sides not posterior margin, occupies> ½ area of V 7, with LO halves closely approaching in median line. Ventrite 7 with rounded emarginations (Figs 470, 471) to either side of MPP base; MPP longer than wide, lateral margins converging slightly posteriorly, posterior margin rounded; lacking dorsal ridge. Tergites (Figs 472, 473): T 8 visible posterior portion about as wide as long; posterolateral areas of T 8 angulate, posterior margin between these ‘ corners’ produced, lateral margins converging with posterior margin broadly truncate or rounded; anterolateral prolongations very elongate, narrow, expanded vertically, lacking projections at their bases; ventral surface of T 8 (Figs 472, 473) lacking posteromedian ridge; with projections in anterolateral left (small flange), posterolateral left (1 – 3 lines, strongly curved in Hudewa male, 1 – 3 lines in Uberie males, 1 line in Uberie and Sisiak male), anterolateral right (scarcely developed in Sisiak and Hudewa male), 1 – 2 oblique in posterolateral right. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 478 – 480): emargination on right side begins at tergite articulations; further narrow emargination on right side just before apex. Aedeagus (Figs 474, 475): L / W 4; LL / ML moderate; LL narrow, divergent along length dorsally, considerably shorter than ML; LL very narrow at apices; ML asymmetrical curving to left in horizontal plane. Female. Associated by similarity of label data and dorsal colour pattern to that of Hudewa and Uberie males. 7.5 – 7.7 mm long. Coloured as for male with these exceptions: Wau female has pale coloured elytra with very faint traces of the lateral dark markings seen in the other females; LO creamy yellow in V 6; V 7, 8 orange yellow, semitransparent and well sclerotised. Pronotum of similar outline to that of male, median anterior margin not produced. Head of winged female form. Posterior margin of V 7 widely emarginated with posterolateral corners rounded; median posterior margins of V 8 and T 8 narrowly emarginated; lateral margins of V 8 converge evenly posteriorly, posterior margin rounded.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4AFFDBFF3C5414237CEA7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The differences in colour of the elytral margins between the Wau males and the Hudewa and Uberie populations may not be significant as the single Wau female has the lateral elytral margins with paler outlines of the more pronounced colour in the coloured males. Lloyd (1973 b: 995) characterised the twinkling pattern of light production, a " rapid twinkle-like burst of 2 [or more, up to 7, Lloyd pers. comm.] short modulations of increasing intensity ". The dappled dorsal colouration may well resemble bird droppings or light dappling and function as protection in the day time. Only Lloyd’s specimens are characterised by patterns of light production.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4BFFDBFF3C53D42354E9C4.taxon	description	(Figs 263, 441 – 444, 447, 448, 450 – 455)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4BFFDBFF3C53D42354E9C4.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Female. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: in collection of Dr W. Wittmer, Switzerland. Other material examined. All specimens in BPBM unless indicated otherwise. IRIAN JAYA: 4.10 S, 138.95 E, Nabire: 5 – 50 m, 25. viii – 2. ix. 1962, 2 males, J. S.; S. Geelvink Bay 13 males, female (10 – 15 m, 1 – 5. ix. 1962, J. S., 3 males; 10 – 30 m, 1 – 4. ix. 1962, male; 5 – 50 m, 25. viii – 2. ix. 1962, 7 males, J. S.; 10 – 40 m, 5. x. 1962, jungle, light trap, male, H. Holtman; 7. x. 1962, female, jungle, N. Wilson. Cyclops Mts: 2.34 S, 140.31 E, Ifar, 450 – 500 m, 8. ix. 1962, male; 300 – 500 m, 26. vi. a 1962, male, J. S.; Sabron, 930 feet, vi. 1936, 1 male, L. Cheesman (NHML)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4BFFDBFF3C53D42354E9C4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A large (13 – 14 mm long) species with uniformly bright yellow pronotum and dingy yellow elytra with very dark brown apical and basal markings; V 7 large, swollen and apically truncate, apex largely enveloped by the down turned apex of T 8; most similar to Pygat. tagensis, in which T 8 apex does not engulf the apex of V 7, distinguished by its larger size and the uniform colour of the pronotum. Female. 14.5 mm long. Coloured as for male except pronotum is paler yellow, the creamy white LO restricted to V 6 and V 7, 8 and T 7, 8 are orange yellow, and more heavily sclerotised than preceding segments. Ballantyne (1968: 116) characterised the holotype female.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE4BFFDBFF3C53D42354E9C4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ballantyne (1968) felt the distinctive colouration allowed reliable association of sexes, and assigned 11 males.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE44FFD5FF3C57DE26E7EF92.taxon	description	(Figs 479 – 487)	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE44FFD5FF3C57DE26E7EF92.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male. IRIAN JAYA: 3.55 S, 136.21 E Moanemani, Kamo Valley, 1500 m, 15. viii. 1962, JS (BPBM). Paratypes (22). Same data as holotype, 14 males, 2 females. IRIAN JAYA: 3.55 S, 136.21 E Wisselmeren: Itouda, Kamo valley, 1500 – 1700 m, 18. viii. 1962, JS, male; 13. viii. 1955, JLG, male. Enarotadi, 1500 m, 14. viii. 1962, JS, 3 males. Urapura – Itouda, Kamo Valley, 12. viii. 1955, JLG, male (BPBM).	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE44FFD5FF3C57DE26E7EF92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to the ‘ obsoleta ’ complex in its dorsal colouration, distinguished from all other Pygatyphella by the extensive LO in V 7 which reaches to sides and almost to the posterior margin, and the lack of any arching of the area posterior to the LO. Male. 8.2 – 10.2 mm long; 3.4 – 4.0 mm wide; W / L 0.4. Colour (Fig. 479, 480): Pronotum pale yellowish, posteromedian area with subtriangular brown area (extending to posterior margin) in one Itouda male, entirely pale in one Itouda male, and with median brown area restricted and somewhat irregular in remainder; semitransparent, underlying pale fat body makes pronotum appear slightly paler than elytra, MN pale with faint traces of median brown areas not reaching inner and anterior margins in 4 / 11 (Moanami); MN entirely pale (Itouda male); MN with median brown areas dark brown in 5 / 11 (Itouda and Moanami); MS light brown with narrow median dark marking in all but 2 Itouda males where median marking is 1 / 2 width of MS and ¾ its length; elytra pale brown, semitransparent, with fat body fairly regularly distributed in small clumps; subtriangular basal dark area is darker along extreme base of suture, not approaching outer margins of MS, reaching to anterior margin of elytron, not covering outer anterior edge of humerus, and is paler brown in outer half; head very dark reddish brown, antennae and palpi slightly lighter, under surface of thorax light brown except for very dark brown metasternum and apparently pale metepipleural plates (underlying fat body confuses interpretation); legs pale with dark brown tibiae and tarsi; basal ventrites very dark brown; LO creamy white, occupying almost all of V 7 with narrow posterior margin semitransparent (muscle impressions not visible here); basal tergites light brown with paired darker spots in lateral areas, T 7 pale brown semitransparent, T 8 yellowish semitransparent. Pronotum: 1.7 – 2.0 mm long; 3.0 – 3.5 mm wide; W / L 1.7; lateral margins divergent posteriorly with rounded convergence on both sides in all but one male where R side is angulate; posterolateral corners approximately 90 ° and angulate, inclined obliquely to median line; slight kink in lateral margins on both sides. Elytron: parallel-sided; 6.5 – 8.2 mm long; with 2 well – defined interstitial lines. Head: can be retracted partially within prothoracic cavity, usually visible from above; GHW 1.8 – 2.1 mm; SIW 0.25 mm; SIW / GHW 0.1; ASD <ASW (sockets very close not contiguous). Abdomen, ventrites (Fig. 487): LO in V 7 reaching to sides and almost posterior margin, not emarginated across posterior margin; posterior area of V 7 very narrow, not arched or swollen; posterolateral areas of V 7 rounded, corners not obvious. MPP short, dorsal surface lacking ridge; posterior margin rounded. Tergites: T 8 longer than wide, not strongly sclerotised, posterior margin rounded; ventral surface lacking median longitudinal groove; anterolateral prolongations elongate (shorter than posterior entire portion), narrow, not obviously expanded vertically and lacking projections from their bases. Aedeagal sheath (Figs 483, 484): emargination of right side of sternite begins at point of attachment of tergal arms laterally; anterior margin of tergite darker than rest, all of tergite component quite short. Aedeagus (Figs 485, 486): L / W> 3 / 1; LL / ML moderate; LL divergent along length dorsally, a little shorter than ML at apices; outer preapical area of LL slightly produced and rounded; inner apical area of LL prolonged, short and narrow; preapical inner margin of LL with very small tooth; base of LL not asymmetrically produced; ML lacking lateral teeth. Female. 9.5 – 10.0 mm long. Coloured (Fig 481, 482) as for male with these exceptions: pronotum pale with no dark markings in one, with very faint brown markings in second female; MS with short narrow median dark line half as long as MS and not extending to posterior margin; elytra almost entirely pale in one, second female with irregular and very pale markings at elytral base along inner two interstitial lines and a single brown preapical spot near elytra apex; second female has extensive basal colour of male but considerably paler brown; V 7,8 light brown semitransparent; V 7 with posterior median emargination and posterolateral corners broadly rounded; posterior margin of V 8 with narrow medial emargination; lateral margins of T 8 converge posteriorly with a small emargination in each side just before the straight posterior margin. Larva. Not associated.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE44FFD5FF3C57DE26E7EF92.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, the type locality, is considered as a noun in apposition. This species exhibits the characteristic dorsal colouration of the ‘ obsoleta complex’ and the distinctive aedeagal modifications but ventrite 7 is neither arched nor swollen and the LO occupies most of this ventrite.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE45FFD5FF3C550321BCEDBC.taxon	materials_examined	Type. " South Seas " location of type unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE45FFD5FF3C550321BCEDBC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Boisduval described a specimen, which he did not sex, with a yellow pronotum having an anterior dark spot, the underside ' lutea' and the abdomen black ringed.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE45FFD6FF3C548B2163EF1A.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Ile Waigiou (may be Waigeo off NW tip of Irian Jaya 130 E, 0 S). Location of holotype unknown.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE45FFD6FF3C548B2163EF1A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ballantyne believes Olivier (1913) incorrectly synonymised L. limbata and L. rubiginosa with L. marginipennis. Both Blanchard's (1853) Luciola limbata and Luciola rubiginosa Olivier (1883) from the Solomons were described with the MS black, consistent with the specimens described here as M. limbata, while Guérin-Méneville's (1838) L. marginipennis was described with a red MS. This species is not reliably identified in collections due in part to confusion over the actual publication date of Guérin-Méneville's (1838), and also the lack of type material. Cowan (1970) and Bocák (1998) resolved the issue of the publication date and their opinions are followed here. Guérin-Méneville (1838) has been considered the author of marginipennis in all references to the species since Motschulsky (1854). Although Boisduval (1835) attributed Lampyris marginipennis to Guérin-Méneville, Boisduval's description of the species is the first published use of the name to be associated with a description, although it is impossible to determine the sex. His specimens were taken in ' Ile Waigiou’, which is probably Waigeo (130 E, 0 S) off the NW tip of Irian Jaya. Guérin-Méneville's (1838) work has consistently been quoted in the literature as 1830 and both Laporte (1833) and Boisduval (1835) had apparently seen Guérin-Méneville's work long before it was published (Ballantyne, 1988). Guérin-Méneville's description of the antepenultimate abdominal segment yellow and the penultimate emarginated indicates he based Lampyris marginipennis on a female. However the specimen was 7 mm long and taken in Papua at ‘ Offak’ (Lea 1909 thought this could have been Mt Arfak). While this study has not revealed any species with orange pronotum, dark brown elytra with lateral pale margins from the island of New Guinea, several Luciola and Pteroptyx species with colouration of orange pronotum and dark elytra are known (these also conform to the smaller size described) (Ballantyne 1987 a; work in progress). Dejean's (1837) record is a catalogue name only, and Germar's (1848) record of the species from Adelaide is erroneous. [No species of firefly have been recorded in Australia south of Sydney (Ballantyne & Lambkin 2000)].	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
0394D665BE46FFD6FF3C568B266CEAA4.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pygoluciola stylifer Wittmer, 1939, by monotypy (RMNH). Specimens of Luciola obsoleta Olivier were incorrectly identified by Haneda (1966) as Pygoluciola sp. (Ballantyne 1987 b). This genus has not been recorded from New Guinea; Ballantyne (1968) described a single unusual New Guinean female, which she tentatively assigned to Pygoluciola. This female is assigned here to Missimia gen. n. Pygoluciola was described for a single species, stylifer, possessing unusual modifications to abdominal ventrite 7 and T 8 (Wittmer, 1939). McDermott (1966) regarded Pygoluciola as a subgenus of Luciola. Ballantyne (1968) redescribed the subgenus, keyed and described four species (two of them new), and assigned Luciola hamulata Olivier to Pygoluciola. Ballantyne and McLean (1970) figured aspects of the morphology. Ballantyne (1987 b) described certain presumed sexual characters of certain species of Pygoluciola (eg curved legs, and terminal abdomen structure) and suggested uses in a reproductive context. Ballantyne and Lambkin (2001) described a new species and (2006) reassigned Pygoluciola to generic status based on representatives from Borneo only. Ballantyne (2008) described a new species from the Philippines, and Fu and Ballantyne (2008) a new species from mainland China, and an extended generic description.	en	Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine (2009): Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Zootaxa 1997: 1-188
