identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03958786FFEF457CF4AEFB2EFA12FE27.text	03958786FFEF457CF4AEFB2EFA12FE27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Margarodes Guilding 1829	<div><p>Genus Margarodes Guilding, 1829</p><p>Margarodes Guilding, 1829: 118, accepted valid name.</p><p>Margarodes (Sphaeraspis) Giard, 1894: 412, junior synonym.</p><p>Sphaeraspis Giard; Fernald 1903: 28, change in status (level).</p><p>Promargarodes Silvestri, 1938b: 21, junior synonym.</p><p>Acystomargarodes Bodenheimer, 1953: 152, an unavailable name.</p><p>Type species: Margarodes formicarum Guilding, 1829 .</p><p>Generic diagnosis</p><p>Adult female: Body broadly oval; derm membranous. Antennae each 7 or 8 segmented, cylindrical; each segment with hair-like setae and sensory setae; pedicel short. Blunt spines present, anterior spines longer than posterior ones. Eyespots and mouthparts absent. Thoracic spiracles developed, each with apodeme present; each spiracle with a group of perispiracular sensilla laterad to peritreme; abdominal spiracles numbering 6 or 7 pairs; thoracic and abdominal atria all containing multilocular disc-pores. Foreleg fossorial; with short coxa, trochanter with campaniform sensilla on each lateroventral face, femur strongly developed, tarsus + claw fused, with campaniform sensilla dorsally, and claw strongly sclerotized, and bifurcate in some species. Middle and hind legs slightly smaller, each similar in structure to foreleg. Anal opening simple. Multilocular disc-pores each with inner ring of few large or small loculi, outer ring containing many small loculi.</p><p>Comments: Adult female Margarodes can be distinguished from those of other genera of hypogeal margarodids by having the following major characters (contrasting character states in Neomargarodes and/or Porphyrophora are given in parenthesis): (i) abdominal spiracles numbering 6 or 7 pairs (8 pairs in Neomargarodes, 0 or 2 pairs in Porphyrophora); (ii) thoracic and abdominal spiracles each with multilocular disc-pores and simple pores in atrium (only thoracic spiracles contain atrial pores in Porphyrophora); (iii) presence of spines (spines absent in Neomargarodes and Porphyrophora);(iv) antennae each7or 8segmented and slender(6segmented in Neomargarodes and 7‒18 segmented in Porphyrophora); (v) foreleg claws each with 1 or 2 protrusions at base, or simple, without protrusions (base of foreleg claw with prominent heel and sometimes protrusions in Neomargarodes, simple in Porphyrophora); and (vi) eyespots absent (present in Porphyrophora).</p><p>One species of this genus has been recorded in south China on the roots of grasses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFEF457CF4AEFB2EFA12FE27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFEC457CF4AEFE29FFE1FC21.text	03958786FFEC457CF4AEFE29FFE1FC21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Margarodes sinensis (Silvestri 1938)	<div><p>Margarodes sinensis (Silvestri, 1938)</p><p>Promargarodes sinensis Silvestri, 1938b: 22 . Type data: CHINA: Peitao (Foochow, Fukien), Peikuan (Foochow) and Kiukaw (Hankow). Lectotype, female and first instar, by subsequent designation (Foldi 2005: 100). Type depository: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy.</p><p>Margarodes sinensis (Silvestri); Ben-Dov 2005: 68, change of combination.</p><p>Host plants: Unknown.</p><p>Distribution: China (Hubei, Fujian).</p><p>Remarks: Silvestri (1938b) and Foldi (2005) described and illustrated the adult female of M. sinensis; Jakubski (1965) and Tang &amp; Hao (1995) described the adult female and cyst. The species developed a large population in Fuqing, Putian, Zhangzhou, and other counties of Fujian province in the 1970s (Yang 1979). Specimens have not been seen in this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFEC457CF4AEFE29FFE1FC21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFEC457AF4AEFC25FF6EFE03.text	03958786FFEC457AF4AEFC25FF6EFE03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomargarodes Green 1914	<div><p>Genus Neomargarodes Green, 1914</p><p>Neomargarodes Green, 1914: 263, accepted valid name.</p><p>Margarodiella Jakubski, 1965: 81, nomen nudum.</p><p>Type species: Neomargarodes erythrocephala Green, 1914 .</p><p>Generic diagnosis</p><p>Adult female: In life, body broadly oval, hairy and yellowish white. Foreleg fossorial and well developed, middle and hind legs small; living underground. Slide-mounted specimens with derm membranous, body covered by hair-like setae. Antennae stout and more-or-less conical, each 6 segmented; scape broadest and membranous, remaining segments sclerotized; pedicel with a group of sensilla; most segments each with long hair-like setae and sensory setae. Eyespots and mouthparts absent. Thoracic spiracles developed, each with apodeme and a group of perispiracular sensilla laterad to peritreme; abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs; thoracic and abdominal spiracular atria each containing simple pores and multilocular disc-pores. Foreleg fossorial, with short coxa, trochanter with campaniform sensilla on each lateroventral face; femur strongly developed, with a group of long hair-like setae ventrally and many small setae laterally; tibia + tarsus + claw fused together, short and sclerotized, with campaniform sensilla dorsally; strongly sclerotized claw with different shapes of protrusions. Middle and hind legs small, each similar in structure to foreleg but with tibia separated from tarsus. Anal tube with a pair of sclerotized bars. Vulva situated on venter of last segment, surrounded by wrinkles. Abdomen with fold structures on both surfaces; each segment with hair-like setae and multilocular disc-pores in transverse segmental bands; with disc-pores becoming more numerous posteriorly, each loculus of posterior pores with indented outer margin.</p><p>Comments: Adult female Neomargarodes can be distinguished from those of other genera of hypogeal margarodids by having the following major characters (contrasting character states in Margarodes and/or Porphyrophora are given in parenthesis): (i) abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs (no more than 7 pairs); (ii) thoracic and abdominal spiracles with multilocular disc-pores and simple pores in atria (only thoracic spiracles contain atrial pores in Porphyrophora); (iii) foreleg claw base with a large prominent heel (foreleg claw base without a large prominent heel, either with prominences or simple); (iv) antennae 6 segmented, setose and more-or-less conical (with 7‒18 segments); (v) spines absent (present in Margarodes); (vi) eyespots absent (present in Porphyrophora); and (vii) derm of abdomen folded and sometimes sclerotized (abdominal derm not folded or sclerotised).</p><p>In China, four species of Neomargarodes have been recorded, mostly inhabiting the northern regions: Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Shaanxi provinces; but Neomargarodes niger (Green) is recorded from southern region, Yunnan Province, and its accurate identification is questionable. Host plants of Neomargarodes species belong to the families Amaranthaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Cannabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae and Zygophyllaceae . Neomargarodes cucurbitae Tang &amp; Hao is a pest of hamimelon ( Cucumis melo) and watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus), and Neomargarodes gossypii Yang poses a threat to peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFEC457AF4AEFC25FF6EFE03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFEA457AF4AEFE0DFF4AFC67.text	03958786FFEA457AF4AEFE0DFF4AFC67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomargarodes chenopodium Zheng & Wu 2024	<div><p>Neomargarodes chenopodium Zheng &amp; Wu, sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype: Adult ♀, CHINA: Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, / Erdos City, Etuokeqian Banner, / in Citrullus lanatus ( Cucurbitaceae) field, 14 June 2023, / Jinsuo Zhao leg. Mounted singly on a slide (BFUC).</p><p>Paratypes: CHINA: same data as holotype, 3 adult ♀♀ mounted singly on 3 slides (BFUC); 1 settled crawler, same locality as holotype but on Chenopodium album ( Amaranthaceae), 26.viii.2023, San-an Wu leg., mounted singly (BFUC) ; 3 second-instar ♀♀ nymphs, same data as above, of which 1 mounted singly on a slide, and 2 mounted together with 1 second-instar ♂ nymph (BFUC); 2 second-instar ♂♂ nymphs, same data as above, of which 1 mounted singly on a slide, and 1 already mentioned above, mounted together with 2 second-instar ♀♀ nymphs (BFUC) .</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet is derived from the name of the host plant genus, Chenopodium, and is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFEA457AF4AEFE0DFF4AFC67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFE44575F4AEF935FD16F832.text	03958786FFE44575F4AEF935FD16F832.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomargarodes cucurbitae Tang & Hao 2000	<div><p>Neomargarodes cucurbitae Tang &amp; Hao, 1995</p><p>Neomargarodes cucurbitae Tang &amp; Hao, 1995: 33 . Type data: CHINA: Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Hami, on roots of Cucumis melo . Holotype, female, Type depository: Entomological Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.</p><p>Neomargarodes cucurbitae Tang, 2000a: 3, replacement name for Neomargarodes cucurbitae Tang &amp; Hao; synonym and homonym (discovered by Ben-Dov 2005: 75).</p><p>Material examined: CHINA: 2 adult ♀♀, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hami City, on Cucumis melo ( Cucurbitaceae), v.1987, Junmin Su leg., mounted singly on 2 slides (SAUC) .</p><p>Host plants: Cucumis melo L., Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &amp; Nakai ( Cucurbitaceae); Karelinia caspia</p><p>(Pall.) Less., Xanthium strumarium L. ( Asteraceae); Alhagi camelorum Fisch. ( Fabaceae); Tribulus terrestris L.</p><p>( Zygophyllaceae); Orobanche pycnostachya Hance ( Orobanchaceae) (Su et al., 1992). Distribution: China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFE44575F4AEF935FD16F832	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFE04570F4AEFF64FD34F9F4.text	03958786FFE04570F4AEFF64FD34F9F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomargarodes gossypii Yang 1979	<div><p>Neomargarodes gossypii Yang, 1979</p><p>Neomargarodes gossypii Yang, 1979: 37, 46. Type data: CHINA: Henan, Hebei and Shandong, on cultivated cotton. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Beijing Agricultural University, China; Wu 2007: 200.</p><p>Neomargarodes niger Hou et al., 1985: 2, misidentification (discovered by Wu 2007: 199).</p><p>Neomargarodes chondrillae Tang &amp; Hao, 1995: 31, misidentification (discovered by Wu 2007: 200).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Note: Neomargarodes gossypii was described by Yang (1979), who stated that the syntypes are deposited in the Insect Collections of the Beijing Agricultural University. However, ScaleNet erroneously lists the depository as Beijing: Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences (García Morales et al. 2016). On checking the Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences in Beijing and the Insect Collections of China Agricultural University (= Beijing Agricultural University), we did not find any slides labelled Neomargodes gossypii but we found some specimens preserved in alcohol in CAU. These alcohol-preserved specimens are labelled with the same collection data as that published for the syntypes by Yang (1979); presumably they are part of the original type series. We slide-mounted 5 adult females. The Lectotype here designated and 2 paralectotypes are deposited in CAU, and 2 paralectotypes are deposited in BFUC; the remaining alcohol-preserved specimens are deposited in CAU.</p><p>Lectotype: 1 adult ♀, CHINA: Shandong Prov., / Dezhou City, Ningjin County, 1977. Mounted singly on a slide (CAU).</p><p>Paralectotypes: CHINA: same data as lectotype, 2 adult ♀♀, mounted singly on 2 slides (CAU); and 2 adult ♀♀, mounted singly on 2 slides (BFUC) .</p><p>Non-type material: CHINA: 2 adult ♀♀, Shandong Province, Heze City, Yuncheng County, v.1979, mounted singly on 2 slides (CAU) ; 3 third-instar ♂♂ nymphs together on 1 slide (1 in good condition, 2 damaged) (CAU); 3 ♂ pupae, same data as above, mounted together on 1 slide (CAU) . 2 adult ♀♀, Henan Province, Kaifeng City, on Arachis hypogaea ( Fabaceae), 2000, Xiaocheng Shen leg., mounted together on 1 slide (BFUC) ; 5 adult ♂♂, same data as above, 3 mounted singly on 3 slides, 2 mounted together on 1 slide, and 4 forewings mounted together on 1 slide (BFUC); 1 ♂ pupa, same data as above, and 1 first-instar nymph (in very poor condition) together on 1 slide; 5 first-instar nymphs, same data as above, mounted together on 1 slide (BFUC); 8 adult ♀♀, Shaanxi Province, Dali county, on Arachis hypogaea ( Fabaceae), 2002, Baozhen Hua leg., 2 mounted together on 1 slide, 4 mounted together on 1 slide, 2 mounted with a third-instar ♂ nymph together on 1 slide (BFUC); same data as above, 1 third-instar ♂ nymph, mounted with 2 adult ♀♀ together on 1 slide (BFUC) .</p><p>Host plants: Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Ten. ex Breitenb ( Araceae); Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium Wimm. &amp; Grab., Ixeris polycephala Cass. ex DC., Xanthium strumarium L. ( Asteraceae); Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. ( Cannabaceae); Cucumis melo L. ( Cucurbitaceae); Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla in Hallier &amp; Brand ( Cyperaceae); Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill ( Dioscoreaceae); Euphorbia kansui Liou ex S. B. Ho, Ricinus communis L. ( Euphorbiaceae); Arachis hypogaea L., Glycine max (L.) Merr, Gueldenstaedtia verna (Georgi) Boriss., Medicago falcata L., Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek, Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi &amp; H. Ohashi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ( Fabaceae); Gossypium hirsutum L. ( Malvaceae); Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv., Setaria italica var. germanica (Mill.) Schred., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Zea mays L. ( Poaceae); Rumex acetosa L. ( Polygonaceae); Potentilla chinensis Ser. ( Rosaceae); and Tribulus terrestris L. ( Zygophyllaceae) (Wu 2007, Tang &amp; Hao, 1995).</p><p>Distribution: China (Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFE04570F4AEFF64FD34F9F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFF74567F4AEFB91FCDDFA57.text	03958786FFF74567F4AEFB91FCDDFA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neomargarodes niger (Green 1912)	<div><p>Neomargarodes niger (Green, 1912)</p><p>Margarodes niger Green, 1912: 75 . Type data: INDIA: Madras [= Tamil Nadu], Bellary District, in soil with egg cocoons of grasshoppers. Syntypes, immature, Type depository: the Natural History Museum, London, UK .</p><p>Neomargarodes niger (Green), Morrison 1928: 77, change of combination.</p><p>Host plants: Alhagi maurorum Medik., Arachis hypogaea L. ( Fabaceae); Cynodon dactylon (L.) Persoon ( Poaceae) (García Morales et al. 2016).</p><p>Distribution: China (Yunnan), India, Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks: Neomargarodes niger was reported from Yunnan province on unknown perennial grass on a dry hill top by Ferris (1950); however, both Jakubski (1965) and Jikun Yang (1979) doubted the identification. Specimens of this species have not been seen in this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFF74567F4AEFB91FCDDFA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFF74564F4AEF9B9FFA2FC2F.text	03958786FFF74564F4AEF9B9FFA2FC2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porphyrophora Brandt	<div><p>Genus Porphyrophora Brandt in Brandt &amp; Ratzeburg, 1833</p><p>Coccionella Hahnemann, 1793: 193, junior synonym.</p><p>Porphyrophora Brandt in Brandt &amp; Ratzeburg, 1833: 355.</p><p>Coccionella Ben-Dov, 2005: 83, subsequent use; regarded as nomen oblitum.</p><p>Porphyrophora Ben-Dov, 2005: 83 . subsequent use; regarded as nomen protectum.</p><p>Type species: Porphyrophora frischii Brandt, 1883 (= Coccus polonicus Linnaeus, 1758: 456).</p><p>Generic diagnosis</p><p>Adult female: In life, body egg-shaped, hairy, violet-red; legs well developed, foreleg fossorial; living underground. In microscope slide mount, derm membranous, with a granular pattern; body covered by long hair-like setae and a few small setae. Antennae stout and more-or-less conical, each 7–18 segmented, sometimes apical segment with a pseudosegment; most segments naked, except apical segment with a group of flagellate setae and sensory setae; sensillum placodeum present on segment IV containing a group of sensilla. Eyes present, with surrounding cuticle reticulate or smooth. Mouthparts absent. Thoracic spiracles each with a strong apodeme; peritreme circular, containing 4–22 spiracular disc-pores; each spiracle with 2–12 perispiracular sensilla situated laterad to peritreme. Abdominal spiracles numbering 2 pairs or absent. Foreleg fossorial, coxa with a triangular lateral plate; trochanter with 10–20 campaniform sensilla on each surface; femur large and strong, with many short setae laterally and a group of long setae ventrally; tibia short; tarsus fused with claw, and with a group of campaniform pores dorsally; claw enlarged and heavily sclerotized. Middle and hind legs each similar in structure to foreleg but small. Anal opening simple. Multilocular disc-pores each with 1–3 concentric rings or a slight spiral of loculi; posterior disc-pores slightly larger than anterior ones. Microducts each small, with sclerotized circular pore and inner ductule long and filamentous.</p><p>Comments: Adult females of Porphyrophora can be distinguished from those of other genera of hypogeal margarodids by the following characters: (i) abdominal spiracles numbering 2 pairs or absent; (ii) thoracic spiracles each with multilocular disc-pores in atrium but abdominal spiracles without any pores; (iii) foreleg claw simple, without a heel; (iv) antennae each 7–18 segmented, more-or-less conical, usually naked except apical segment; (v) spines absent; and (vi) eyespots present.</p><p>In China, five species of Porphyrophora have been recorded, all inhabiting the northern regions: Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The host plants belong to Fabaceae, Poaceae, Primulaceae and Boraginaceae . Porphyrophora ningxiana Yang is a pest of licorice root ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFF74564F4AEF9B9FFA2FC2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFF44564F4AEFC21FC7EFAFB.text	03958786FFF44564F4AEFC21FC7EFAFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porphyrophora ejinensis Zheng & Wu 2024	<div><p>Porphyrophora ejinensis Zheng &amp; Wu, sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype: Adult ♀, CHINA: Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, / Ejin Banner, on Sophora alopecuroides ( Fabaceae), / 24 April 2018, / Yu chun Li leg. Mounted singly on a slide (BFUC).</p><p>Paratypes: CHINA: same data as holotype, 9 adult ♀♀, mounted singly on 9 slides (BFUC) . Same data as holotype except for date and collector, 4 third-instar ♀♀ nymphs, 6.ix.2017, San-an Wu leg., of which 2 mounted together on 1 slide, and 2 mounted together with 2 second-instar ♀♀ nymphs together on 1 slide (BFUC); same data as above, 2 second-instar ♀♀ nymphs mounted together with 2 third-instar ♀♀ nymphs on 1 slide (BFUC) .</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet is derived from the name of the type locality, “Ejin”, combined with the Latin ending ‘- ensis ’, meaning ‘from’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFF44564F4AEFC21FC7EFAFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFCE455EF4AEFF64FC15FE5B.text	03958786FFCE455EF4AEFF64FC15FE5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porphyrophora neimonggolensis Zheng & Wu 2024	<div><p>Porphyrophora neimonggolensis Zheng &amp; Wu, sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype: Adult ♀, CHINA: Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, / Ulagai Grassland, on Cleistogenes squarrosa ( Poaceae), / 29 June 1989. Mounted together with a paratype adult ♀ on 1 slide (SAUC).</p><p>Paratypes: CHINA: same data as holotype, 1 adult ♀ mounted together with holotype on a slide. 2 adult ♀♀, Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Zhengxiangbai Banner, on Androsace incana ( Primulaceae), 17.viii.1989, mounted together on 1 slide (SAUC) .</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet is derived from the name of the type locality, “Nei Monggol”, combined with the Latin ending ‘- ensis ’, meaning ‘from’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFCE455EF4AEFF64FC15FE5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFCC455DF4AEF9E1FD3DFECB.text	03958786FFCC455DF4AEF9E1FD3DFECB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porphyrophora ningxiana Yang 1979	<div><p>Porphyrophora ningxiana Yang, 1979, stat. rest.</p><p>Porphyrophora ningxiana Yang, 1979: 41, 47. Type data: CHINA: North West China, Ningxia, on roots of Hedysarum scoparium and on roots of "licorice". Syntypes, female, male, and first instar, Type depository: Beijing Agricultural University, China .</p><p>Porphyrophora sophorae Tang &amp; Hao, 1995: 66, misidentification.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype: 1 Adult ♀, CHINA: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, / Lingwu City, on Glycyrrhiza uralensis ( Fabaceae), / 16 August 1975. Mounted with other 3 adult ♀♀ together on a slide (SAUC) . Lectotype specimen is indicated with a circle in permanent marker.</p><p>Paralectotypes: CHINA: same data as holotype, 3 adult ♀♀ mounted together with lectotype on 1 slide (SAUC) .</p><p>Non-type material: CHINA: 8 adult ♀♀, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yanchi county, on Glycyrrhiza uralensis ( Fabaceae), 14.ix.2017, Lei Chen leg., mounted singly on 8 slides (BFUC) ; 1 ♀ cyst larva, same data as above, mounted singly on a slide (BFUC) .</p><p>Host plants: Oxytropis glabra (Lam.) DC., Corethrodendron scoparium (Fisch. &amp; C.A. Mey.) Fisch. &amp; Basiner, Thermopsis lupinoides auct. non (L.) Link: E. Peter, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch ( Fabaceae).</p><p>Distribution: China (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFCC455DF4AEF9E1FD3DFECB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFC94556F4AEF917FCB1FC32.text	03958786FFC94556F4AEF917FCB1FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porphyrophora polonica (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Porphyrophora polonica (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>Coccus polonicus Linnaeus, 1758: 456 . Type data: EUROPE. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name. Note: Type material lost (D.J. Williams, 1985, pers comm. to Y. Ben-Dov) (García Morales et al. 2016).</p><p>Coccus pilosellae Linnaeus, 1758: 456 . Type data: EUROPE: on roots of Hieracium pilosella . Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Williams 2007: 450).</p><p>Coccus radicum Beckmann, 1790: 3 . Type data: EUROPE: on roots of perennial plants, such as Scleranthus, Uva ursi and others. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Jakubski 1965: 18). Note: Depository of type material unknown.</p><p>Coccionella polonica (Linnaeus), Hahnemann 1793: 1090, change of combination. Porphyrophora frischii Brandt, 1833: 225 . Type data: Locality not indicated: on Scleranthus perennis . Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernald 1903: 29).</p><p>Porphyrophora polonica (Linnaeus), Burmeister 1835: 78, change of combination.</p><p>Coccus alchemillae Walker, 1852: 1082, junior synonym.</p><p>Porphyrophora alchimillae Signoret, 1869: 842, nomen nudum.</p><p>Margarodes (Porphyrophora) polonicus (Linnaeus), Cockerell 1902: 258, change of combination.</p><p>Coccus alchimillae Fernald, 1903: 325, nomen nudum.</p><p>Porphyrophora polonica polonica (Linnaeus), Goux 1948: 185, change in status (level).</p><p>Coccionella alchimillae Lindinger, 1954: 615, nomen nudum.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: 1 adult ♀, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Manas county, on Sophora alopecuroides ( Fabaceae), viii.1980, mounted singly on 1 slide (SAUC) ; 1 adult ♀, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Lingwu City, on Caragana korshinskii ( Fabaceae), viii.2011, Yanru Zhang leg., mounted singly (BFUC) ; 1 adult ♀, Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Erdos City, Uxin Banner, Tuke Town, on Agropyron desertorum ( Poaceae), 21.ix.1989, mounted together with 5 first-instar nymphs on 1 slide (SAUC) ; 5 adult ♀♀, Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Erdos City, Dalad Banner, on Caragana korshinskii ( Fabaceae), 25.viii.2023, San-an Wu leg., mounted singly on 5 slides (BFUC) ; same data as above, 4 first-instar nymphs, mounted together on 1 slide (BFUC); and 2 ♀♀ cyst larvae, mounted singly on 2 slides (BFUC) .</p><p>Host plants: In China: Sophora alopecuroides L., Caragana korshinskii Kom. ( Fabaceae); and Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult. ( Poaceae).</p><p>Distribution: China (Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye (Turkey).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFC94556F4AEF917FCB1FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFC04550F4AEFC30FBE6F89B.text	03958786FFC04550F4AEFC30FBE6F89B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Margarodidae Cockerell 1899	<div><p>Key to genera and species of adult female Margarodidae from China</p><p>1(0) Abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs (genus Neomargarodes)................................................ 2</p><p>- Abdominal spiracles numbering fewer than 8 pairs.......................................................... 5</p><p>2(1) Antenna with segments II and III fused together................................................ N. niger (Green)</p><p>- Antenna with segments II and III separate................................................................. 3</p><p>3(2) Foreleg claw with basal prominent heel angular.............................. N. chenopodium Zheng &amp; Wu, sp. nov.</p><p>- Foreleg claw with basal prominent heel swollen and rounded ................................................... 4</p><p>4(3) Multilocular disc-pores each with a bright central loculus; disc-pores on abdominal sternites I–IV few, forming transverse segmental bands only 1 or 2 pores wide. Feeding mainly on Fabaceae ............................. .. N. gossypii Yang</p><p>- Multilocular disc-pores each without a bright central loculus; disc-pores on abdominal sternites I–IV numerous, forming transverse segmental bands 3–6 pores wide. Feeding on Cucurbitaceae and Amaranthaceae ...... N. cucurbitae Tang &amp; Hao</p><p>5(1) Abdominal spiracles numbering 6 or 7 pairs (genus Margarodes). Body with many spines on thorax and abdomen. Foreleg claw sometimes bifurcate.................................................................. M. sinensis (Silvestri)</p><p>- Abdominal spiracles numbering 2 pairs or absent. Body without spines. Foreleg claw acute, never bifurcate (genus Porphyrophora)...................................................................................... 6</p><p>6(5) Long hair-like setae few and relatively short (each less than 100 μm long); each abdominal tergite with transverse segmental band of setae only 1 or 2 setae wide..................................... P. neimonggolensis Zheng &amp; Wu, sp. nov.</p><p>- Long hair-like setae numerous and long (each more than 200 μm long); each abdominal tergite with transverse segmental band of setae 2–9 setae wide................................................................................ 7</p><p>7(6) Antenna with 10 segments. Multilocular disc-pores each without a bright central loculus... P. violaceae Matesova &amp; Jashenko</p><p>- Antenna with 9 segments or fewer. Multilocular disc-pores each with a bright central loculus......................... 8</p><p>8(7) Abdominal tergites each with transverse segmental band of setae about 6–9 setae wide. Thoracic spiracle with 7–22 spiracular disc-pores.................................................................... P. ningxiana Yang, stat. rest.</p><p>- Abdominal tergites each with transverse segmental band of setae about 2–6 setae wide. Thoracic spiracle with 4–6 spiracular disc-pores........................................................................................... 9</p><p>9(8) Abdominal sternites each with transverse band of setae only 2 or 3 setae wide.Antenna with 7–9 (mostly 7) segments. Sclerotized plate around eyespot with a reticulated texture............................................ P. polonica (Linnaeus)</p><p>- Abdominal sternites each with transverse band of setae about 4–6 setae wide. Antenna with 9 segments. Sclerotized plate around eyespot smooth...................................................... P. ejinensis Zheng &amp; Wu, sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFC04550F4AEFC30FBE6F89B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
03958786FFC04550F4AEFF64FFBFFD83.text	03958786FFC04550F4AEFF64FFBFFD83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porphyrophora violaceae Matesova & Jashenko 1988	<div><p>Porphyrophora violaceae Matesova &amp; Jashenko, 1988</p><p>Porphyrophora violaceae Matesova &amp; Jashenko, 1988: 755 . Type data: KAZAKHSTAN: South Kazakhstan, Chikment Oblast, near Kelintube sand dunes, on Lappula semiglabra . Holotype, female and first instar, Type depository: Zoological Museum, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.</p><p>Host plants: Lappula semiglabra (Ledeb.) Gürke ( Boraginaceae).</p><p>Distribution: China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region); Kazakhstan.</p><p>Remarks: Jashenko &amp; Rochshektayeva (2014) reported P. violaceae Matesova &amp; Jashenko from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Jashenko (1990) provided a description and illustration of the adult female and male, and the first-instar nymph; Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007) described the adult female. Specimens of P. violaceae have not been seen in this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03958786FFC04550F4AEFF64FFBFFD83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zheng, Xinyi;Wu, San’An	Zheng, Xinyi, Wu, San’An (2024): A review of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in China, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 5506 (4): 451-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5506.4.1
