identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9931BB45ED50628B9D78B1E851C98DC6.text	9931BB45ED50628B9D78B1E851C98DC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa anyiensis	<div><p>Georissa anyiensis sp. n.</p><p>Georissa hosei Godwin-Austen: Thompson and Dance 1983: 117, materials from Tatau Valley, Bukit Sarang, Bintulu, Sarawak. (non G. hosei Goodwin-Austen, 1889)</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Bukit Anyi at Bukit Sarang, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia (02°39.25'N, 113°02.72'E).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Bukit Anyi at Bukit Sarang, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia (02°39.25'N, 113°02.72'E): MZU/MOL 17.90 (leg. MZ Khalik and SK Reduan). Paratypes. Bukit Anyi at Bukit Sarang, Bintulu, Sarawak (02°39.25'N, 113°02.72'E): MZU/MOL 17.53, MZU/MOL 17.54, MZU/MOL 17.55, MZU/MOL 17.56, MZU/MOL 17.57, MZU/MOL 17.58, MZU/MOL 17.59, MZU/MOL 17.60, MZU/MOL 17.61, JJV 12840 (40), JJV 12841 (1). Bukit Lebik at Bukit Sarang, Bintulu, Sarawak (02°39.32'N, 113°02.43'E): MZU/MOL 17.50, MZU/MOL 17.51, MZU/MOL 17.52, JJV 12842 (20), JJV 12843 (1). From Thompson and Dance 1983, Bukit Sarang, Tatau valley (20°45'N, 113°02'E): UF 35914, UF 35915, UF 35921 (not seen). Each lot of examined paratypes from MZU are more than 50 individuals.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after the hill Bukit Anyi at Bukit Sarang, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia, the type locality.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: yellow to orange. Sculpture pattern: meshed - rounded to ellipsoidal or undefined mesh shape. Mesh width: 8-30 µm . Teleoconch. Color: yellow. First whorl: shouldered, cylindrical. Subsequent whorls: convex to rounded, with a deeply impressed suture. SH: 1.39-1.98 mm, SW: 1.32-1.72 mm, SI: 1.05-1.08. Total number of whorls: 2 ¼– 2 ¾ . Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak to strong growth lines are visible. Spiral sculpture: present, strongly sculpted, continuous ribs, more prominent at the periphery. Scales: at the shoulder a continuous spiral row of highly projecting diagonal crown-like scales; subordinate to that, three to four series of tall, broad or acute diagonal scales, regularly spaced, the uppermost of these always stronger than the lower ones, inter-series pacing irregular. Aperture. Shape: oval to rounded. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight. AH: 0.67-0.91 mm, AW: 0.90-1.17 mm, AI: 0.74-0.93. Holotype dimension. SH: 1.91 mm, SW: 1.72 mm, AH: 0.90 mm, AW: 1.14 mm.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>In general, G. anyiensis has a shell shape that is similar to G. kobelti, G. scalinella, and G. muluensis . However, G. anyiensis has an extremely prominent, crown-like spiral series of large scales on the shell periphery, which distinguishes it from other “scaly” Georissa .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from Bukit Anyi and Bukit Lebik, two isolated hills at Bukit Sarang, Bintulu, Sarawak.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>ML and Bayesian analyses show that the G. anyiensis individuals (16S: n = 13; CO1: n = 12) form a monophyletic group with 100% BS and 100% PP, sister group to the four species G. niahensis + G. kobelti + G. hadra + G. muluensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9931BB45ED50628B9D78B1E851C98DC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
EAF0B755CA06762D7FCE3A73F96B1A67.text	EAF0B755CA06762D7FCE3A73F96B1A67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa bauensis	<div><p>Georissa bauensis sp. n.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Wind Cave Passage 3, Wind Cave Nature Reserve, Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia (01°24.81'N, 110°08.17'E).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Wind Cave Passage 3, Wind Cave Nature Reserve, Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia (01°24.81'N, 110°08.17'E): MZU/MOL 17.89 (leg. MZ Khalik). Paratypes. Wind Cave Passage 3, Wind Cave Nature Reserve, Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia (01°24.81'N, 110°08.17'E): MZU/MOL 16.01 (25), MZU/MOL 16.02 (&gt;50). Gunung Podam, near Sungai Ayup, Kampung Bogag, Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia (01°21.15'N, 110°03.57'E): MZU/MOL 16.03 (5).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after the district of Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia, where the type locality Wind Cave Nature Reserve is located.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: red. Sculpture pattern: meshed - rounded or irregular mesh shape. Mesh width: 12-22 µm . Teleoconch. Color: orange to red. First whorl: shouldered, flat both above and below the shoulder. Subsequent whorls: convex shoulder and more rounded at the periphery. SH: 1.16-1.62 mm, SW: 1.06-1.30 mm, SI: 1.02-1.25. Total number of whorls: 2-2 ½ . Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak growth lines are visible. Spiral sculpture: present, weakly to strongly sculpted, continuous to discontinuous ribs, more prominent at the periphery. Scales: two to three major spiral series of low and small diagonal scales, regularly spaced, the upper series always stronger than the lower ones, scale series irregularly spaced. Aperture. Shape: rounded and tilted below. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight. AH: 0.57-0.78 mm, AW: 0.69-0.86 mm, AI: 0.74-0.96. Holotype dimension. SH: 1.16 mm, SW: 1.06 mm, AH: 0.58 mm, AW: 0.70 mm.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>Georissa bauensis is very similar to G. kobelti (although not closely related phylogenetically), in terms of general shell shape and spiral scale characters. However, G. bauensis is sufficiently variable to include specimens that are more similar to G. hosei and G. scalinella . Furthermore, G. bauensis has more strongly sculpted scales than G. hosei, and a more rounded and convex shell than G. scalinella .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from Gunung Podam and Wind Cave Nature Reserve, Bau, Sarawak.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>ML and Bayesian analyses resolve all individuals of G. bauensis (16S: n = 13; CO1: n = 8) as a monophyletic group with 99% BS and 100% PP, the sister group of G. silaburensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EAF0B755CA06762D7FCE3A73F96B1A67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
CBD13A0CEF642FF4CBF2E543910233F5.text	CBD13A0CEF642FF4CBF2E543910233F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa hadra Thompson & Dance 1983	<div><p>Georissa hadra Thompson &amp; Dance, 1983</p><p>Georissa hadra Thompson &amp; Dance, 1983: 115-116, fig. 32, 43-46.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Butik Besungai, a small limestone hill 0.5 miles southwest of Batu Gading, and about 4 miles northeast of Long Lama, Baram Valley, Fourth Division, Sarawak. 03°52'N, 114°25'E.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Butik Besungai, a small limestone hill 0.5 miles southwest of Batu Gading, and about 4 miles northeast of Long Lama, Baram Valley, Fourth Division, Sarawak: UF36107 (not seen). Paratypes. Butik Besungai ½ mile SW. of Batu Gading, 4 miles NE. of Long Lama, Baram Valley, 4th Div., Sarawak, Malaysia: BMNH 1984004 (seen). Baram valley, Long Lama, Bt. Besungai 0.5 m SW of Batu Gading, Sarawak (03°52.00'N, 114°25.00'E): JJV 13421 (seen).</p><p>Other material.</p><p>Lang Cave, Mulu N.P., Mulu, Sarawak (04°01.49'N, 114°49.48'E): MZU/MOL 17.32, MZU/MOL 17.33, MZU/MOL 17.34, MZU/MOL 17.35. Deer Cave, Mulu N.P., Mulu, Sarawak: JJV 10533 (this sample, approximately 120 individuals, also contains G. muluensis), JJV 10554 (5 individual of G. muluensis, 1 individual G. hadra), JJV 10533 (this sample, approximately 150 individuals, also contains G. muluensis and G. kobelti).</p><p>Butik = a misspelling of Bukit, a local name for hill.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: orange. Sculpture pattern: meshed - rounded to ellipsoidal or undefined mesh shape. Mesh width: 12-24 µm . Teleoconch. Color: orange. First whorl: with a distinct shoulder (provided with a series of minuscule scales), above the shoulder flat and tapering towards the suture, below the shoulder flat and cylindrical. Subsequent whorls: distinctly scalariform, with three separate aspects separated by two or more main spiral series of scales: above the uppermost spiral series gently curved towards the suture; in between both spiral series flat and cylindrical; below the lowest spiral series abruptly narrowed towards the deeply impressed suture (on the final whorl these three aspects fuse, forming a uniformly rounded impression). SH: 2.61-2.91 mm, SW: 2.05-2.19 mm, SI: 1.21-1.37. Total number of whorls: 2 ¾ -3 ¼ . Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, but with strong and unevenly layered growth lines. Spiral sculpture: present, weakly sculpted, continuous to discontinuous. Scales: two to four irregularly spaced series of low to high, and minute to broad diagonal scales, densely spaced, the first scale series always the strongest, weaker series appearing later at the spire. Aperture. Shape: rounded, with a tilt below the palatal side. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight to curved. AH: 1.11-1.33 mm, AW: 1.32-1.48 mm, AI: 0.83-1.01.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>Georissa hadra has scales which are densely arranged, unlike G. scalinella, G. hosei, G. muluensis, G. anyiensis, and G. kobelti, which have more widely spaced scales. In shell shape, G. hadra is similar to the later three species but larger and more distinctly scalariform. G. hadra is similar in size to G. niahensis, but it has a more slender habitus and a more rounded periphery.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The type locality for G. hadra is Bukit Besungai, Baram, Sarawak. We also obtained it at Mulu, Sarawak. Currently, therefore, the known distribution range is restricted to Mulu and Baram.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>ML and Bayesian analyses retrieve G. hadra (16S: n = 4; CO1: n = 4) as a single clade with 89% BS and 100% PP, sister to G. muluensis .</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>The paratypes of Thompson and Dance (1983) have a very pale orange color, compared to recently collected materials from Mulu; presumably the color has faded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CBD13A0CEF642FF4CBF2E543910233F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
4AC67BAAB23DFD17A5AF66B4DDA82477.text	4AC67BAAB23DFD17A5AF66B4DDA82477.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa hosei Godwin-Austen 1889	<div><p>Georissa hosei Godwin-Austen, 1889</p><p>Georissa hosei Godwin-Austen, 1889: 353, fig. 11 plate XXXIX; Smith 1893: 351, fig. 27 plate XXV; Thompson and Dance 1983: 116.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Borneo. (Unspecified)</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype (Designated by Thompson and Dance 1983). Borneo: NHMUK 1889.12.7.72 (glued on paper) (seen).</p><p>Other material.</p><p>Jambusan, North Borneo: NHMUK 92.7.20.122, NHMUK 92.7.23.33-4. Gunung Liak/Padang, Kampung Skiat Baru, Jambusan, Sarawak (01°24.05'N, 110°11.19'E): MZU/MOL 16.04, MZU/MOL 16.05, MZU/MOL 16.06, MZU/MOL 16.07. Bukit Siboyuh, Kampung Skiat Baru, Jambusan, Sarawak (01°22.90'N, 110°11.69'E): MZU/MOL 16.08. Bukit Tongak, Bidi, Bau/Jambusan, Sarawak (01°22.67'N, 110°08.32'E): MZU/MOL 16.09.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: red. Sculpture pattern: smooth. Teleoconch. Color: orange to red. First whorl: rounded or shouldered with flat surfaces above and below the shoulder. Subsequent whorls: convex to rounded; number of whorls: 2-2 ¼ . SH: 1.06-1.55 mm, SW: 1.09-1.60 mm, SI: 0.94-1.12. Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak growth lines. Spiral sculpture: present, weakly sculpted, continuous ribs, more prominent at the periphery. Scales: two to four series of low and broad vertical scales, regularly spaced, the upper scale series always the strongest, weaker series appear later at the spire, and the spaces between series are irregular. Aperture. Shape: oval. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight, palatal edge attached or removed at the body whorl. AH: 0.60-0.95 mm, AW: 0.80-1.16 mm, AI: 0.74-0.88.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>Georissa hosei has a diagnostic smooth protoconch. It possesses similar shell habitus and scale characters as G. sepulutensis, G. pyrrhoderma, and G. kobelti . However, the scales of G. hosei are rarely developed into large and acutely projected scales.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from Gunung Liak/Padang and Bukit Siboyuh at Kampung Skiat Baru, Jambusan, and Bukit Tongak, in the area of Bau, which is close to Jambusan.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>ML and Bayesian analyses shows that all G. hosei individuals (16S: n = 21; CO1: n = 11) group together in one clade with 100% BS and 100% PP, which is the sister group of all other "scaly group" species, except G. saulae .</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Godwin-Austen (1889), when he described the species, mentioned that the sides of the spire (whorls) are flat, which we find to be the case for the first whorl in our material (as well as in the lectotype). The exact type locality was not specified, but Smith (1893) reported that the specimens of G. hosei described by Godwin-Austen (1889) were from Jambusan, Sarawak. It has to be noted that G. hosei is highly variable in shell shape and sculpture, even within a local population. For example, material we collected at Gunung Liak/Padang have anything between two and four series of broad and low scales. Material from Bukit Tongak has three to four spiral threads with scales. Material from Bukit Siboyuh, finally, is brighter in color (orange), with only one or two spiral series of scales. These three limestone outcrops are all within the area of not more than 10 km radius. Thompson and Dance (1983) noted that G. hosei is widely distributed in Sarawak, and they give Baram, Marudi, Niah, Tatau, and Bukit Sarang as localities. However, as we elaborate in this paper, many of these populations are not conspecific with G. hosei . For example, the image of " G. hosei " provided by Thompson and Dance (1983) - UF 35919, from Batu Gading, Baram, appears conspecific to G. kobelti . Also, their " G. hosei " from Bukit Sarang we here describe as a G. anyiensis sp. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4AC67BAAB23DFD17A5AF66B4DDA82477	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
B0798B78B9C62055C2AFD9059605CF99.text	B0798B78B9C62055C2AFD9059605CF99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa kinabatanganensis	<div><p>Georissa kinabatanganensis sp. n.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Bukit Keruak, near Kinabatangan river, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia (05°31.385'N, 118°17.113'E).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Bukit Keruak, near Kinabatangan river, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia (05°31.38'N, 118°17.11'E): BOR/MOL 13921 (leg. M Schilthuizen). Paratypes. Bukit Keruak, near Kinabatangan river, Sandakan, Sabah (05°31.38'N, 118°17.11'E): MZU/MOL 17.26 (&gt;50). BOR/MOL 1458, BOR/MOL 11656, BOR/MOL 11665, BOR/MOL 11711, BOR/MOL 13871. Batu Pangi, Sabah: BOR/MOL 1455. Batu Tomanggong, Sabah: BOR/MOL 1456, BOR/MOL 1457, BOR/MOL 10530.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after the district of Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysia, where the type locality Bukit Keruak is located.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: orange. Sculpture pattern: smooth to meshed - rounded to undefined mesh pattern. Mesh width: 14-21 µm . Teleoconch. Color: orange. First whorl: flat and angular at the shoulder. Subsequent whorls: angular, slightly rounded at the periphery, with number of whorls: 2-2 ¼ . SH: 1.00-1.32 mm, SW: 1.13-1.37 mm, SI: 0.85-0.99. Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak to strong growth lines are visible. Spiral sculpture: present, and strongly sculpted, with continuous to discontinuous ribbings. Scales: two series of diagonal vertical scales, widely spaced in between, both series are strongly sculpted, broad, and the scales are regularly placed. Aperture. Shape: oval. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight, palatal edge attached to the body whorl. AH: 0.54-0.66 mm, AW: 0.75-0.86 mm, AI: 0.65-0.80. Holotype dimension. SH: 1.00 mm, SW: 1.18 mm, AH: 0.54 mm, AW: 0.78 mm.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>Georissa kinabatanganensis has less variation in shell sculpture compared with G. hosei and G. scalinella . G. kinabatanganensis has two series of acutely projected scales on the whorls. In some cases, the second scale series is weaker than the first, and creates a series of nodular structures at the periphery. Often the shell is wider than high, which gives it a flattened appearance. In addition, G. kinabatanganensis has widely spaced between the scale series, similar to G. muluensis .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from Bukit Keruak, Batu Tomanggong, and Pangi, in the region of Kinabatangan, Sabah.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>RAxML and Bayesian analyses show G. kinabatanganensis (16S: n = 6; CO1: n = 6) forming a clade with 97% BS and 97% PP and as a sister clade to G. sepulutensis .</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Georissa kinabatanganensis is the only species in "scaly group" Georissa to have a flat shell habitus, all examined individuals have a shell that is broader than high.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0798B78B9C62055C2AFD9059605CF99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
97C7B2D5E3E9ECAA887417F70428D806.text	97C7B2D5E3E9ECAA887417F70428D806.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa kobelti Gredler 1902	<div><p>Georissa kobelti Gredler, 1902</p><p>Georissa kobelti Gredler, 1902: 61; Zilch 1973: 265, fig. 11; Thompson and Dance 1983: 117, fig. 28, 50-52.</p><p>Georissa hosei Godwin-Austen: Thompson and Dance 1983: 117, fig. 47-49, material from Bukit Besungai at Baram Valley, Niah, Kejin trib. of Baram river (non G. hosei Goodwin-Austen, 1889).</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Niah, Baram (Sarawak, Borneo). Unspecified.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype (Designated by Zilch 1973). Niah, Baram (Sarawak, Borneo): SMF 215893a (not seen).</p><p>Other material.</p><p>Trade Cave, Niah National Park, Niah, Sarawak (03°49.13'N, 113°46.86'E): MZU/MOL 17.36. Great Cave, Niah National Park, Niah, Sarawak: MZU/MOL 17.37. Bukit Kaijin, Baram, Sarawak (03°41.75'N, 114°27.55'E): MZU/MOL 17.38, MZU/MOL 17.39, MZU/MOL 17.40, MZU/MOL 17.41, MZU/MOL 17.42, MZU/MOL 17.43, MZU/MOL 17.44, MZU/MOL 17.45, MZU/MOL 17.46, MZU/MOL 17.47, MZU/MOL 17.48, MZU/MOL 17.49, JJV 10217. Bukit Kasut, Niah N.P., Niah, Sarawak: JJV 10254. Niah N.P., Niah, Sarawak: JJV 1565, JJV 5466, JJV 10306, JJV 10392. Deer Cave, Mulu N.P., Mulu, Sarawak: JJV 10533 (the sample, approximately 150 individuals, also contains G. muluensis and G. hadra). Tatau river valley, Bukit Sarang, Bintulu, Sarawak: JJV 12551, JJV 12838. From Thompson and Dance 1983, Niah, Baram (Sarawak, Borneo): UF 35919, UF 36179 (not seen).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: orange to red. Sculpture: meshed - semi-oval mesh shape. Mesh width: 11-22 µm . Teleoconch. Color: ranging from red to yellow. First whorl: convex to rounded. Subsequent whorls: convex to rounded. SH: 1.75-2.11 mm, SW: 1.48-1.75 mm, SI: 1.18-1.28. Total number of whorls: 2 ¾ -3. Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak growth lines. Spiral sculpture: present with thin but strongly continuous spiral ribs, forming small acute scales near the suture. Scales: three to four spiral rows of tilted, nearly vertical scales, the upper series stronger than the lower ones, scale prominence ranging from high to low and from small and acute to broadly sculpted and ear-like. Scales are regularly spaced, as are the scale series themselves. Aperture. Shape: rounded to oval. Basal side: rounded, angular before the columellar region. Parietal side: curved. AH: 0.82-1.04 mm, AW: 1.02-1.17 mm, AI: 0.71-0.90.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>The image of the G. kobelti lectotype by Zilch (1973) does not provide detailed information about the scale characters of G. kobelti as compared to the images of the individual from UF provided by Thompson and Dance (1983), which clearly shows the diagnostic characters of the ear-like scale pattern of this species. In shell habitus, G. kobelti is similar to some populations of G. anyiensis, G. saulae, and G. hosei, but these species differ from G. kobelti by the pattern of their diagonal scales.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The lectotype in Senckenberg (SMF 215893a) was obtained from an unspecified location. As far as known, the species is restricted to the area of Niah to Baram, northern Sarawak. Thompson and Dance (1983) also stated that they examined this species from Beluru, which is located between Niah and Baram.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>In the ML and Bayesian analyses of G. kobelti (16S: n = 8; CO1: n = 8), the Niah and Baram populations form highly supported clades (99% and 100% BS, respectively, and 100% PP for both clades), which are paraphyletic with respect to G. niahensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/97C7B2D5E3E9ECAA887417F70428D806	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
79A2CF435F54680FFC2B699CC1416DE5.text	79A2CF435F54680FFC2B699CC1416DE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa muluensis	<div><p>Georissa muluensis sp. n.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Lagang Cave, Mulu National Park, Mulu, Sarawak, Malaysia (04°03.06'N, 114°49.37'E).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Lagang Cave, Mulu National Park, Mulu, Sarawak, Malaysia (04°03.06'N, 114°49.37'E): MZU/MOL 17.86 (leg. MZ Khalik and SK Reduan). Paratypes. Lagang Cave, Mulu National Park, Mulu, Sarawak (04°03.06'N, 114°49.37'E): MZU/MOL 17.30 (13), MZU/MOL 17.31 (9).</p><p>Other material.</p><p>Deer Cave, Mulu National Park, Mulu, Sarawak: JJV 10533 (this sample, approximately 120 individuals, also contains specimens of G. hadra), JJV 10554 (this sample contains 5 individual of G. muluensis, 1 individual G. hadra), JJV 10533 (this sample, approximately 150 individuals, also contains specimens of G. hadra and G. kobelti). Mulu N.P., Mulu, Sarawak: JJV 10527.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, the type locality.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: yellow. Sculpture pattern: meshed - ellipsoidal mesh shape. Mesh width: 16-26 µm . Teleoconch. Color: yellow. First whorl: shouldered, above the shoulder flat, nearly horizontal; below the shoulder flat, cylindrical, but abruptly withdrawn into the deeply incised suture. Subsequent whorls: convex to rounded. SH: 1.67-2.05 mm, SW: 1.57-1.79 mm, SI: 1.08-1.18. Total number of whorls: 2 ¼ -3. Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak to strong growth lines are visible. Spiral sculpture: present, consisting of thin, but strongly sculpted and continuous ribs. Scales: two to three series of tall and diagonal scales, regularly spaced, the upper scale series always stronger than the lower ones, weaker series appear later at the spire or consist only of randomly spaced arrays of acute nodules, widely spaced between the first and second scale series, more densely spaced later. Aperture. Shape: rounded to slightly oval. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight to slightly curved. AH: 0.82-0.98 mm, AW: 1.03-1.18 mm, AI: 0.77-0.83. Holotype dimension. SH: 1.67 mm, SW: 1.53 mm, AH: 0.82 mm, AW: 1.07 mm.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>The wide spacing of the major spiral scale series of G. muluensis is similar to G. kinabatanganensis, but G. muluensis has a more elongated shell shape, rather than the more flattened habitus of G. kinabatanganensis . In general shell shape and sculpture G. muluensis also resembles G. hadra, which, however, is larger and more elongated.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the small area of Lagang Cave, Mulu National Park, Mulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>ML and Bayesian analyses show that the individuals of G. muluensis (16S: n = 4; CO1: n = 4) form a monophyletic group with 100% BS and 100% PP, which is the sister group of G. hadra .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/79A2CF435F54680FFC2B699CC1416DE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
2CCB43F09EFE1504D8BC30CEE486ACF4.text	2CCB43F09EFE1504D8BC30CEE486ACF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa niahensis Godwin-Austen 1889	<div><p>Georissa niahensis Godwin-Austen, 1889</p><p>Georissa niahensis Godwin-Austen, 1889: 353; Thompson and Dance 1983: 119.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Niah Hills, Borneo. (Unspecified)</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype (Designated by Thompson and Dance 1983). Niah Hills, Borneo: NHMUK 1889.12.7.69 (glued on paper) (seen). Paralectotype. Niah Hills, Borneo: NHMUK 1889.12.7.70 (glued on paper) (seen).</p><p>Other material.</p><p>Painted Cave, Niah National Park, Niah, Sarawak (03°48.68'N, 113°47.25'E): MZU/MOL 17.25.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: red. Sculpture pattern: smooth and meshed - ellipsoid to irregular mesh shape. Mesh width: 12-19 µm . Teleoconch. Color: orange to red. First whorl: curved above the shoulder, flat and cylindrical below the shoulder. Subsequent whorls: convex, angular at the periphery. SH: 1.81-2.53 mm, SW: 1.51-1.99 mm, SI: 1.10-1.29. Total number of whorls: 3-3 ¼ . Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only strong and unevenly layered growth lines. Spiral sculpture: present, strongly sculpted, continuous to discontinuous, well defined from the first whorl all the way to the peristome. Scales: a single spiral series of low and minute acute scales, regularly spaced at the first whorl, but weaker, grading to imperceptible on the body whorl. Aperture. Shape: rounded. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight to curved. AH: 0.85-1.24 mm, AW: 0.92-1.27 mm, AI: 0.83-1.02.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>Georissa niahensis has a distinctive single series of small scales on the whorl shoulder, close to the suture. G. niahensis is one of the largest Bornean Georissa, in shell size only matched by G. hadra (which, however, is more slender, angular at the shoulder and has a flat to slightly rounded whorls). In general shell shape, G. niahensis is closest to G. kobelti, but the latter species is more rounded, while G. niahensis has a distinctly convex periphery.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known to occur only at Niah, Sarawak.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>ML and Bayesian analyses of G. niahensis (16S: n = 8; CO1: n = 7) showed that all G. niahensis specimens form one clade with 100% BS and 100% PP. The sister group is the G. kobelti population from Baram ( G. kobelti is paraphyletic).</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Both Godwin-Austen (1889) and Thompson and Dance (1983) did not mention anything about the small scale-like nodules close to the suture of G. niahensis . Godwin-Austen (1889): "Shell elongately conoid, solid, imperforate; sculpture a very in-distinct, ill-defined spiral liration, about 20 on the penultimate whorl, upon a rough surface crossed by transverse lines of growth; color ruddy ochre; spire high; apex pointed, finely papillated, minutely lirate; suture impressed; whorls 4 ½ convex; aperture oval, oblique; peristome simple, acute below; columellar margin straight". Thompson and Dance (1983): " G. niahensis is similar in sculpture to G. williamsi but is much larger. G. niahensis also shows similarities to the hosei group in the depth of the suture and the relatively rapid expanding whorls, but it lacks the node-like sculpture found among species of that group." The scales are relatively small which are not very conspicuous among the strong growth lines, and this is the reason why in the previous description of the species the scale characters were lacking. Thompson and Dance (1983) compared G. niahensis with what they call the hosei group, based on the size and the deeply impressed suture.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2CCB43F09EFE1504D8BC30CEE486ACF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
0489A22D9C569A311C9436A606D45126.text	0489A22D9C569A311C9436A606D45126.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa pyrrhoderma Thompson & Dance 1983	<div><p>Georissa pyrrhoderma Thompson &amp; Dance, 1983</p><p>Georissa pyrrhoderma Thompson &amp; Dance, 1983: 123, fig. 64.</p><p>Georissa pyrrhoderma van Benthem-Jutting, in Beron 2015: 181.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Borneo, Sarawak, First Division, western side of Gunong Selabor, Semabang entrance to Lobang Batu Cave (00°55'N, 110°25'E).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Borneo, Sarawak, First Division, western side of Gunong Selabor, Semabang entrance to Lobang Batu Cave: UF36183 (not seen). Paratypes. Borneo, Sarawak, First Division, western side of Gunong Selabor, Semabang entrance to Lobang Batu Cave: UF 36184, UF 36185 (not seen).</p><p>Other materials.</p><p>Gunong Silabur, Serian, Sarawak, Malaysia (00°57.45'N, 110°30.20'E): MZU/MOL 17.09, MZU/MOL 17.10, MZU/MOL 17.11, MZU/MOL 17.12, MZU/MOL 17.13, MZU/MOL 17.14, MZU/MOL 17.15, MZU/MOL 17.16, MZU/MOL 17.17, MZU/MOL 17.18, MZU/MOL 17.19, MZU/MOL 17.20, MZU/MOL 17.21, MZU/MOL 17.22, MZU/MOL 17.23, MZU/MOL 17.24.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: red to brown. Sculpture pattern: smooth to meshed, with ellipsoid mesh shape. Mesh width: 11-26 µm . Teleoconch. Color: brown to red. First whorl: shouldered, slightly curved above the shoulder, flat, cylindrical below the shoulder. Subsequent whorls: initially shouldered, but soon grading into uniformly rounded and quickly expanding whorls, with a deeply impressed suture; number of whorls: 2 ¼ -2 ½ . SH: 1.16-1.31 mm, SW: 1.12-1.20 mm, SI: 1.03-1.09. Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak to strong growth lines are visible. Spiral sculpture: present, strong spiral sculpture. Scales: a single series of low, small and acute, unevenly spaced scales above the periphery, occasionally, in the vicinity of the aperture, subordinate series of minute scales accompany the major series. Aperture. Shape: rounded, tilted below the palatal side. Basal side: rounded, strongly angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight, palatal edge attached to the body whorl. AH: 0.58-0.63 mm, AW: 0.75-0.85 mm, AI: 0.73-0.81.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>Georissa pyrrhoderma has a shell habitus that is similar to G. kobelti, G. hosei, and G. sepulutensis . The latter two species are high variable and are morphologically, especially in sculpture, closely related to G. pyrrhoderma . Therefore, G. pyrrhoderma is nearly indistinguishable from certain forms of these other species.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Only known from the type locality, Gunung Silabur, Serian, Sarawak, Malaysia.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>In the ML and Bayesian analyses, all G. pyrrhoderma (16S: n = 28; CO1: n = 26) individuals group together in one clade with 99% BS and 100% PP. Its sister clade is G. scalinella + G. kinabatanganensis .</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>In the original description, Thompson and Dance (1983) did not compare G. pyrrhoderma with members of their hosei -group (which our molecular analyses show it belongs in). Instead, they considered it allied to G. borneensis . Possibly this misalignment was caused by the fact that the type specimens appear to lack the series of scales that is present on most of the specimens we collected. Nonetheless, given the restricted range of collection localities at Gunung Silabur and the degree of variability in our material, we consider our and Thompson and Dance’s material as conspecific. The paratypes specimen NHMUK 1984005 (Semabang entrance to Lobang Batu Cave, W. side of Gunong Selabor, 1st. Div., Sarawak, Malaysia: seen) is G. silaburensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0489A22D9C569A311C9436A606D45126	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
9CC8A70C3E74AC89FAF5733EB3AC0C22.text	9CC8A70C3E74AC89FAF5733EB3AC0C22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa saulae (van Benthem-Jutting 1966) van Benthem-Jutting 1966	<div><p>Georissa saulae (van Benthem-Jutting, 1966)</p><p>Hydrocena saulae van Benthem-Jutting, 1966: 40, fig. 2; Saul 1967: 109.</p><p>Georissa saulae (van Benthem-Jutting): Thompson and Dance 1983: 118, fig. 29, 53-54; Haase and Schilthuizen 2007: 217, fig. 2; Clements 2008: 2762; Schilthuizen et al. 2012: 278; Beron 2015: 181; Phung et al. 2017: 68, fig. 8; Osikowski et al. 2017: 80.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Malaysia, Borneo, Sabah, Laying cave, Keningau.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Malaysia, Borneo, Sabah, Laying cave, Keningau: ZMA/MOLL 135731 (seen). Paratypes. Malaysia, Borneo, Sabah, Laying cave, Keningau: ZMA/MOLL 135598 (seen), ZMA/MOLL 135599 (seen).</p><p>Other material.</p><p>Simbaluyon limestone hill, Sabah, Malaysia: RMNH/MOL 333913, RMNH/MOL 333919. Crocker Range National Park, Gua Laing, Keningau, Sabah (05°29.00'N, 116°08.00'E): RMNH/MOL 335180, ZMA/MOLL 315592, ZMA/MOLL 315593, JJV 1119. Sepulut Valley, Gua Pungiton, Sabah (04°42.41'N, 116°36.04'E): BOR/MOL 28, BOR/MOL 12770, JJV 7544. Sepulut valley, Gua Sanaron, Sabah (04°42.05'N, 116°36.01'E): BOR/MOL 29, BOR/MOL 32, BOR/MOL 3493, JJV 7660. Pinangah valley, Batu Urun (Bukit Sinobang), Sabah (04°48.40'N, 116°37.35'E): BOR/MOL 31, JJV 1144, JJV 5632, JJV 7993. Mahua, Sabah: BOR/MOL 33. Pun Batu, Sepulut, Sabah (04°45.00'N, 116°10.00'E): JJV 1268. Sepulut valley, Batu Punggul, Sabah: JJV 1904.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: red to brown. Sculpture: meshed - ellipsoidal mesh pattern. Mesh width: 29-54 µm . Teleoconch. Color: brown to red. First whorl: convex to rounded. Subsequent whorls: convex to rounded. SH: 1.32-1.86 mm, SW: 1.14-1.48 mm, SI: 1.12-1.26. Total number of whorls: 2 ½ -3 ¼ . Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: often present, when formed by vertical connections between corresponding scales on successive spiral ribs. These vertical connections, especially on the first whorls, form evenly spaced ribs that are raised when crossing a spiral rib. Spiral sculpture: present at the early teleoconch, subsequently becoming weaker, and later only short discontinuous lines are visible in between the radial sculptures. Scales: usually three or four discontinuous series of vertical, low to high-projecting scales, broad to pointed (only if the spiral series of scales are discontinuous). Aperture. Shape: rounded to slightly oval. Basal side: rounded, slightly angular before the columellar region. Parietal side: straight, connected to the palatal edge. AH: 0.58-0.83 mm, AW: 0.70-0.94 mm, AI: 0.76-0.92. Holotype dimension. SH: 1.60 mm, SW: 1.28 mm, AH: 0.66 mm, AW: 0.80 mm.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>Georissa saulae possesses clear diagnostic shell characters for distinction from other “scaly” Georissa species. G. saulae lacks a clear formation of spiral ribbing: although the spiral arrangement of the scales gives the impression of spiral sculpture, no underlying ribs are discernable. G. scalinella, G. kinabatanganensis, and G. hosei, on the other hand, have clear diagnostic spiral ribs. The shell whorls of G. saulae are broad but not as rapidly expanding as in G. hosei, G. scalinella or G. kinabatanganensis . It can also be distinguished from G. scalinella and G. hosei on the basis of a more elongate-conical shell shape and the aperture shape that is more rounded rather than oval.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The type locality of Georissa saulae is Laying cave, in the Crocker Range, Keningau, Sabah (a misspelling of Laing cave). Otherwise known from limestone outcrops in Sabah’s interior, viz., Simbaluyon, Sinobang, Sanaron, and Pungiton, and also has been recorded from Mahua, Sabah, which is not a limestone area. Phung et al. (2017) also report it from Pulau Tiga, Sabah.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>ML and Bayesian analyses show Georissa saulae (16S: n = 11) as a monophyletic group with 100% BS and 100% PP. Schilthuizen et al. (2012) reported that G. saulae is a paraphyletic group from which emerges the cave-dwelling species G. filiasaulae (Haase and Schilthuizen 2007), a fully unsculptured species that was not included in the present study. G. saulae + G. filiasaulae are sister to all other species in the "scaly group" (unpublished data).</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Georissa saulae was initially described as Hydrocena saulae van Benthem-Jutting, 1966, then assigned to the genus Georissa by Thompson and Dance (1983). Thompson and Dance (1983) compared G. saulae with G. scalinella, and even suggested G. saulae might be a subspecies. In contrast, we find that G. saulae is a proper species with very distinct conchological characters, especially the presence of radial ribs on the shell, which makes it easy to identify. In some specimens from the entrance of the Batu Sanaron cave system, the vertical scales are spaced, and radial sculpture is weak. Such individuals presumably represent the hybrid zone with the cave-dwelling G. filiasaulae (Haase and Schilthuizen 2007, Schilthuizen et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9CC8A70C3E74AC89FAF5733EB3AC0C22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
52CEE790316365EEBF506FD11C98E6C7.text	52CEE790316365EEBF506FD11C98E6C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa scalinella (van Benthem-Jutting 1966) van Benthem-Jutting 1966	<div><p>Georissa scalinella (van Benthem-Jutting, 1966)</p><p>Hydrocena scalinella van Benthem-Jutting, 1966: 39, fig. 1; Saul 1967: 108.</p><p>Georissa scalinella (van Benthem-Jutting): Thompson and Dance 1983: 119; Phung et al. 2017: 68, fig. 8B.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Lahad Datu Caves on Teck Guan Estate, Sabah.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Lahad Datu Caves on Teck Guan Estate, Sabah: ZMA/MOLL 135736 (seen). Paratypes. Lahad Datu Caves on Teck Guan Estate, Sabah: ZMA/MOLL 135735 (seen), ZMA/MOLL 315596 (seen).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: orange to red. Sculpture: smooth to meshed - semi oval mesh to undefined mesh pattern. Mesh width: 7-17 µm . Teleoconch. Color: orange. First whorl: flat at the shoulder. Subsequent whorls: flat above, slightly rounded below the periphery. Total number of whorls: 2 ¼ -2 ½ . SH: 1.56-1.80 mm, SW: 1.46-1.65 mm, SI: 1.03-1.15. Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak to strong growth lines are visible. Spiral sculpture: present, and strongly sculpted, with continuous and discontinuous ribbing. Scales: a series of acute scales, low to highly projected, and regularly spaced. Intercept between growth lines and spiral ribbings form small pointed scale structures throughout the length of the body whorl. Aperture. Shape: oval. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight, palatal edge attached to the body whorl. AH: 0.78-0.94 mm, AW: 0.97-1.12 mm, AI: 0.75-0.89. Holotype dimension. SH: 1.88 mm, SW: 1.72 mm, AH: 0.84 mm, AW: 1.18 mm.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>Georissa scalinella has a series of scales at the shoulder. In habitus and scale characters, it resembles G. pyrrhoderma from Gunung Silabur, Sarawak. The angular shoulder and small scale-like nodular structure at the intersection of strong spiral ribbings and growth lines are diagnostic for G. scalinella .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality, Teck Guan Estate, Lahad Datu, Sabah, and also reported by Phung et al. (2017) at Pulau Tiga, Sandakan, Sabah. However, this may also refer to one of the other "scaly group" species from Sabah.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Georissa scalinella was first described as Hydrocena scalinella van Benthem-Jutting, 1966, before reclassified as Georissa by Thompson and Dance (1983). van Benthem-Jutting (1966) described G. scalinella as having strong spiral ribbing and multiple lines of scales.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/52CEE790316365EEBF506FD11C98E6C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
834CC209F159637B68AE4B55D7F350E1.text	834CC209F159637B68AE4B55D7F350E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa sepulutensis	<div><p>Georissa sepulutensis sp. n.</p><p>Georissa scalinella van Benthem-Jutting: Schilthuizen et al. 2005: 134-135 (non G. scalinella van Benthem-Jutting, 1966).</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Sepulut valley, Gua Pungiton near Kg. Labang, Sabah, Malaysia (04°42.41'N, 116°36.04'E).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Sepulut valley, Gua Pungiton near Kg. Labang, Sabah, Malaysia (04°42.41'N, 116°36.04'E); BOR/MOL 13922 (leg. M Schilthuizen). Paratypes. Simbaluyon limestone hill, Sabah: RMNH/MOL 333905 (18), RMNH/MOL 333982 (23), RMNH/MOL 334006 (7). Tinahas, Sabah: RMNH/MOL 333984 (&gt;50), RMNH/MOL 334013 (&gt;50). Sepulut valley, Gua Sanaron, Sabah (04°42.05'N, 116°36.01'E): BOR/MOL 36, BOR/MOL 39, BOR/MOL 13870 (1). Sepulut Valley, Gua Pungiton, Sabah (04°42.41'N, 116°36.04'E): BOR/MOL 12278. Sepulut valley, Batu Punggul, Sabah: RMNH/MOL 187650, BOR/MOL.40. Baturong, Sabah: BOR/MOL 37.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after the town of Sepulut, Sabah, Malaysia, near which the type locality Gua Pungiton, as well as the other known localities, is located.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: red to brown. Sculpture: smooth to meshed - semi-oval mesh to undefined mesh pattern. Mesh width: 7-17 µm . Teleoconch. Color: red. First whorl: flat to rounded at the shoulder. Body whorl: rounded, with number of whorls: 2-2 ¾ . SH: 1.11-1.52 mm, SW: 1.11-1.37 mm, SI: 0.94-1.07. Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak growth lines are visible. Spiral sculpture: present, and strongly sculpted. Scales: a series of pointed vertical scales, acute and highly projected, and regularly spaced. Aperture. Shape: oval and tilted below. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight, palatal edge attached to the body whorl. AH: 0.62-0.81 mm, AW: 0.76-0.96 mm, AI: 0.72-0.87. Holotype dimension. SH: 1.34 mm, SW: 1.23 mm, AH: 0.65 mm, AW: 0.82 mm.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>Unlike Georissa kinabatanganensis, G. sepulutensis has a series of scales only at the shoulder, which makes it resemble in habitus and scale characters G. pyrrhoderma from Gunung Silabur, Sarawak.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Distributed in the Sepulut Valley, Sabah; known from the following limestone localities: Simbaluyon, Sanaron, Tinahas, and Pungiton.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>ML and Bayesian analyses show G. sepulutensis (16S: n = 10; CO1: n = 2) as two clades with 93% BS and 97% PP, and as the sister species to G. kinabatanganensis sp. n.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Georissa sepulutensis and G. kinabatanganensis were previously included in G. scalinella (van Benthem-Jutting, 1966). Based on the genetic and morphological distinctness, we here consider them as separate species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/834CC209F159637B68AE4B55D7F350E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
4E30116CE956D1EBCE91DC54A80C25EE.text	4E30116CE956D1EBCE91DC54A80C25EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Georissa silaburensis	<div><p>Georissa silaburensis sp. n.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Gunong Silabur, Serian, Sarawak, Malaysia (00°57.28'N, 110°30.22'E).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Gunong Silabur, Serian, Sarawak, Malaysia (00°57.28'N, 110°30.22'E): MZU/MOL 17.88 (leg. MZ Khalik and SK Reduan). Paratypes. Gunong Silabur, Serian, Sarawak, Malaysia (00°57.28'N, 110°30.22'E): MZU/MOL 17.01, MZU/MOL 17.02, MZU/MOL 17.03, MZU/MOL 17.04, MZU/MOL 17.05, MZU/MOL 17.06, MZU/MOL 17.07, MZU/MOL 17.08. Borneo, Sarawak, First Division, western side of Gunong Selabor, Semabang entrance to Lobang Batu Cave (00°55'N, 110°25'E): NHMUK 1984005 (seen). Each lot of examined paratypes from MZU are more than 50 individuals.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named after Gunung Silabur, Serian, Sarawak, Malaysia, the type locality.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Protoconch. Color: red. Sculpture pattern: meshed - round to irregular mesh pattern. Mesh width: 8-18 µm . Teleoconch. Color: red. First whorl: rounded. Subsequent whorls: convex, number of whorls: 2-2 ¼ . SH: 1.59-1.99 mm, SW: 1.50-1.76 mm, SI: 1.06-1.13. Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent or weak to strong growth lines. Spiral sculpture: present, thin but strongly sculpted, continuous ribs, more prominent at the periphery. Scales: two to six or more randomly sculpted series of low and broad horizontal scales, or else acute horizontal nodules on the spiral sculpture, scale series irregularly spaced, which series is the most prominent is not consistent across individuals. Aperture. Shape: rounded. Basal side: rounded, angular at the columellar region. Parietal side: straight, palatal edge attached to slightly removed from the body whorl. AH: 0.95-1.09 mm, AW: 1.00-1.17 mm, AI: 0.92-0.99. Holotype dimension. SH: 1.68 mm, SW: 1.53 mm, AH: 0.95 mm, AW: 1.09 mm.</p><p>Cross diagnosis.</p><p>The shell shape of G. silaburensis is distinct compared to other "scaly group" Georissa . It has rapid shell expansion like G. hosei and G. scalinella, but G. silaburensis has a different sculpture, consisting of horizontal, rather than vertical or diagonal scales. In addition, the whorls are rounded and convex, with the aperture almost circular, close to G. saulae .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known from the inside of the cave system of Gunung Silabur, Serian, Sarawak.</p><p>Molecular analysis.</p><p>ML and Bayesian analyses show that the individuals of G. silaburensis (16S: n = 10; CO1: n = 9) form one clade with 95% BS and 98% PP, the sister group of G. bauensis .</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Georissa silaburensis was only found inside the cave entrance, with water flowing from the cave roof, and approximately less than 50% light penetration. In shell shape and reduced sculpture, it resembles another cave specialist, G. filiasaulae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E30116CE956D1EBCE91DC54A80C25EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery;Hendriks, Kasper;Vermeulen, Jaap J.;Schilthuizen, Menno	Khalik, Mohd Zacaery, Hendriks, Kasper, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Schilthuizen, Menno (2018): A molecular and conchological dissection of the " scaly " Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae). ZooKeys 773: 1-55, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
