taxonID	type	description	language	source
039587E1FFFE576C887C6A36FDB6FEE2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Holotype male labelled: China: Tibet, Rongbuk, 5000 m a. sl., 10. Jul. 93, leg. T. Solhøy, det. E. Willassen, EW 41. Paratypes with same locality as holotype except: 7. Jul. 1993, EW 69, 1 female; 8 – 10.7. 93, EW 164, 1 female; 8 – 10.7. 93, 1 female. All specimens in Academica Sinica, Zoological Institute, Beijing, China.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFFE576C887C6A36FDB6FEE2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: This species is named after Torstein Solhøy, University of Bergen, who collected the specimens. Genetics: Genbank accession numbers AM 051230 – 32, mitochondrial COII gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit II.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFFE576C887C6A36FDB6FEE2.taxon	description	Male imago (n = 1) Head: Flagellomeres lost. Antennal pedicel large, with 3 setae. Eyes hairy, moderately projecting dorsomesally. Coronal suture complete. Temporal setae weak and transparent, including 18 – 20 verticals and six postorbitals. Clypeus 152 m long, 143 m wide; with 9 setae. Palps partly lost. Tentorium (Fig. 1 A) with conspicuous anterolateral projection. Thorax damaged in DNA preparation. Wing: Length 3.98 mm. VR 0.85. Membrane without setae, punctuation of microtrichia distinct at 100 x magnification. Costa produced beyond R 4 + 5. R with 20 setae. R 1 with 14 setae and 2 sensillae campaniformia. R 2 + 3 with 2 sensillae campaniformia. R 4 + 5 with 6 setae and 3 sensillae campaniformia. Alula without setae. Squama with marginal fringe of about 40 setae. Legs: Comb on ti 3 with 17 setae. Tarsi 1 – 3 respectively with following numbers of apical / preapical pseudospurs: 2 / 6, 2 / 0, 2 / 0 on p 1; 2 / 13, 2 / 6, 2 / 1 on p 2; 2 / 14, 2 / 6, 2 / 1 on p 3. Hind leg with about 45 sensillae chaetica distributed from 0.3 to 0.6 of ta 1. Hypopygium (Fig. 1 B – C): Sternapodeme trapezoid with concave anterior margin, pigmentation weak. Pars ventralis long and broad, basal ¾ with microtrichia. Aedeagal lobes visible as faint hyaline plates with rounded, weakly pigmented margins. Basal plate of gonocoxite with blunt caudal projection reaching superior volsella; ventromesal surface with long microtrichia. Basimedial setal cluster well developed, slightly directed anteriad; base somewhat prolonged caudally to ledge with marginal setae. Superior volsella somewhat orthoclad­like, nearly devoid of microtrichia, but with few weak setae dorsally and ventrally. Medial field well delineated; with dense microtrichia, but with setae near ventral margin only. Gonostyli massive with distal constriction, apex acutely pointed with 1 megaseta. Tergite IX divided into 2 protrusions, each with about 20 weak setae. Tergal bands inconspicuous. Anal point inserted below tergal protrusions; base broad and triangular, distal part slender with indication of longitudinal ridge and with setiform sensilla at apex. Female imago (n = 2) Head: Antenna with 7 flagellomeres. AR 0.28 – 0.39. Scape occasionally with 1 seta. Pedicel with 2 or 3 setae. Dorsal sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1 – 3. Coronal suture distinct. Number of temporal setae 34 – 46, including 13 – 14 postorbitals. Eyes hairy, moderately projecting dorsomesally. Clypeus 143 – 160 long 166 – 180 wide, with 12 – 15 setae. Lengths of palpomeres (µm): 47 – 57, 57 – 114, 162 – 180, 152 – 199, 238 – 322. Second palpomere with dorsodistal campaniform sensilla. Third palpomere with sensory pit. Tentorium with conspicuous anterolateral projection. Thorax: Antepronotum with 14 – 23 lateral setae. Acrostichals absent. Dorsocentrals 14 – 17 in 1 row except anteriorly, 11 – 13 prealars behind callus, about 45 – 50 scutellars. Protuberance of epimeron II with 3 – 10 setae. Wing: Length 4.32 – 4.56 mm. VR 0.86 – 0.88. Punctuation of membrane distinct at 40 x magnification. Costa moderately produced beyond R 4 + 5. R with 21 or 22 setae. R 1 with 19 – 26 setae and 2 sensillae campaniformia. R 2 + 3 with 2 or 3 sensillae campaniformia. R 4 + 5 with 18 – 21 setae and 3 or 4 sensillae campaniformia. Alula with 7 – 9 setae. Squama with marginal fringe of about 55 setae. Legs: Comb of hind tibia with 17 setae. Tarsi 1 – 3 respectively with following numbers of apical / preapical pseudospurs: 2 / 8 – 13, 2 / 0 – 4, 2 / 0 on p 1; 2 / 14 – 16, 2 / 7, 2 / 0 – 2 on p 2; 2 / 20 – 22, 2 / 8, 2 / 4 on p 3. Hind leg with about 350 or more sensilla chaetica distributed from 0.09 – 0.1 to 0.70 – 0.74 on in ta 1. Ta 4 cordiform. Genitalia (Fig. 1 D – E): Sternite VIII with 14 – 17 setae on each side, gonocoxapodeme fairly distinct. Gonapophysis VIII with slightly elevated ridge and weak flap that barely covers base of ventrolateral lobe. Seminal capsules with short, sclerotised neck, capsule surface with weak granulation. Seminal ducts relatively short. Gonocoxite IX with thumblike projection curving mesad, 16 – 19 setae mainly on projection. Tergite IX deeply divided into 2 protrusions, each with about 16 or 17 setae near posterior and lateral margin. Segment X more or less concealed by projection of GcIX, posterolateral protrusion somewhat oval in lateral and triangular in ventral view. Cerci ear­shaped in lateral view.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFFE576C887C6A36FDB6FEE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Males of D. solhoyi may be readily identified by the unique combination of genitalic characters. Although the flagellomeres are lost in the single available male specimen, the size of the pedicel and the conspicuous anterolateral projection of the tentorium (Fig. 1 A) indicate that the male antennae are normal sized with 13 flagellomeres. Females may be recognised by the thumb­shaped gonocoxite IX, which has a roughly trapezoid profile in lateral view.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFFB576D887C6AC4FC91F8E8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male: China: Tibet, Rongbuk, 5000 m a. sl., 7. Jul. 1993, leg. T. Solhøy, det. E. Willassen, EW 36. In Academica Sinica, Zoological Institute, Beijing.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFFB576D887C6AC4FC91F8E8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species name is from Latin aculeatus, sharp­pointed, referring to the cuspidate microtrichia on the mesal edge of the male gonocoxite. Genetics: Genbank accession number AM 051233, mitochondrial COII gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit II.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFFB576D887C6AC4FC91F8E8.taxon	description	Male imago (n = 1) Head: Antenna plumose with 13 flagellomeres; longest antennal seta longer than ultimate flagellomere; AR 1.2; pedicel large, with 3 setae. Eyes moderately projecting dorsomesally; with pubescence between ommatidia. Coronal suture complete. Temporal setae including 3 orbitals, 17 verticals, and 9? postorbitals. Clypeus 130 m long, 107 m wide; with 12 setae. Palpomere lengths (m): 37, 85, 133, 126, 211. Tentorium with conspicuous anterolateral projection. Thorax damaged in DNA preparation. Wing: Length 3.17 mm. VR 0.88. Membrane without setae, punctuation of microtrichia distinct at 100 x magnification. Costa produced beyond R 4 + 5. R with 15 setae, R 1 with 12 setae and 2 sensillae campaniformia, R 2 + 3 with 2 sensillae campaniformia, R 4 + 5 with 3 setae and 1 sensilla campaniformia. Alula without setae. Squama with marginal fringe of about 35 setae. Legs: Comb on ti 3 with 15 setae. Tarsi 1 – 3 respectively with following numbers of apical / preapical pseudospurs: 2 / 0, 2 / 0, ­ / ­ on p 1; 2 / 7, 2 / 5, 2 / 0 on p 2; 2 / 10, 2 / 5, 2 / 0 on p 3. Hind leg with about 25 sensillae chaetica distributed from 0.45 to 0.52 of ta 1. Hypopygium: Sternapodeme arced. Pars ventralis moderately large (Fig. 2 B); with longitudinal striae, but without microtrichia. Aedeagal lobes sickle­shaped, mesal margin well sclerotised. Basal plate of gonocoxite weakly developed. Basimedial setal cluster absent. Medial field almost completely devoid of microtrichia dorsally; dorsal edge of mesal margin (Fig. 2 A) with ornamentation of thornlike microtrichia that are particularly dense on the ventral side (Fig. 2 C); ventromesal margin of gonocoxite with setae and weak microtrichia (Fig. 2 B) Gonostyli somewhat flattened and twisted, apex with sclerotised point and 1 megaseta. Tergite IX divided into 2 oval protrusions, each with about 15 moderately long setae. Tergal bands relatively distinct, running from anterior margin of tergite IX to the free base of anal point. Anal point inserted between tergal protrusions; base broad with microtrichia; distal part slender and nude, apex slightly expanded with 1 distal peg­sensilla (Fig. 2 D). Female imago (n = 1, putative association) Head: Antennae partly lost. Pedicel with 5 or 6 setae. Coronal suture complete. Temporal setae more or less contiguous, about 40 on each side, including 9 postorbitals. Eyes pubescent, moderately projecting dorsomesally. Clypeus 167 m long, 152 m wide, with 24 setae. Palps lost. Tentorium with conspicuous anterolateral projection. Thorax: Antepronotum with 9 lateral setae. Acrostichals absent. Dorsocentrals 16 in 1 row, except anteriorly; 9 prealars behind callus, and about setae on 40 scutellum. Protuberance of epimeron II with 8 setae. Wing: Length 4.11 mm. VR 0.91. Punctuation of membrane visible at 125 x magnification. Costa well produced beyond R 4 + 5. R with 18 setae. R 1 with 19 setae and 2 sensillae campaniformia. R 2 + 3 with 2 sensillae campaniformia. R 4 + 5 with 18 setae and 3 sensillae campaniformia. Alula with 5 setae. Squama with marginal fringe of about 60 setae. Legs: Lost except right hind femur and tibia. Comb of hind tibia with 15 setae. Genitalia (Fig. 2 E): Sternite VIII with about 20 short setae on each side. Gonocoxapodeme conspicuous with distinct anteromesal curve. Gonapophysis VIII with flap covering mesal part of ventolateral lobe. Seminal capsules elongate with long neck, capsule surface with weak granulation. Seminal ducts with few bends. Gonocoxite IX with laterally directed knoblike projection; about 15 weak setae confined to knob. Tergite IX completely divided into 2 plates, of which broader lateral parts are slightly more sclerotised; each plate with about 20 relatively short setae. Segment X slightly protruding laterad. Cerci rounded in lateral view.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFFB576D887C6AC4FC91F8E8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The male of D. aculeata is superficially similar to Diamesa bertrami Edwards and also to the Himalayan Diamesa kasaulica Pagast described by Serra­Tosio (1983). The ornamentation of the mesal edge and otherwise smooth medial field may serve as diagnostic features of male D. aculeata. Both D. bertrami and D. kasaulica have hairy eyes as opposed to the weakly pubescent eyes in D. aculeata. The only female specimen with pubescent eyes in the Rongbuk material presumably also belongs to D. aculeata. Antennae, palps, and most of the legs are lacking and the wings were preserved in a folded state. A short, partial Cox II sequence was recovered from the male of D. aculeata, but sequences were not obtained from the putative female.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFFB576D887C6AC4FC91F8E8.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material: China: Tibet, Rongbuk, 5000 m a. sl., 9. Jul. 1993, Malaise Trap, leg. T. Solhøy, det. E. Willassen; 1 female (IZAS).	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFF45761887C6A7EFDBAFD22.taxon	description	Female imago (n = 2) Head: Antenna with 7 flagellomeres. AR 0.50 – 0.53. Pedicel with 2 setae. Dorsal sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1 – 3. Coronal suture distinct. Temporal setae weak, 32 – 36 in number including 11 – 13 postorbitals, frontals slightly separated from remaining temporals. Eyes hairy, moderately projecting dorsomesally. Clypeus 123 – 133 long, 123 – 133 wide, with 11 – 16 setae. Lengths of palpomeres (µm): 38, 76, 109, 118, 241. Second palpomere with distal campaniform sensilla. Third palpomere with sensory pit. Tentorium with conspicuous anterolateral projection. Thorax: Antepronotum with 6 – 9 lateral setae. Acrostichals absent. Dorsocentrals 9 – 11 in 1 row, 7 – 9 prealars behind callus, 39 – 41 scutellars. Protuberance of epimeron II with 4 – 6 setae. Wing: Length 3.14 – 3.19 mm. VR 0.85 – 0.89. Punctuation of membrane visible with 125 x magnification. Costa moderately produced beyond R 4 + 5. R with 12 setae. R 1 with 13 or 14 setae and 2 sensillae campaniformia. R 2 + 3 with 2 sensillae campaniformia. R 4 + 5 with 10 or 11 setae and 4 – 6 sensillae campaniformia. Alula with 7 or 8 setae. Squama with marginal fringe of about 32 – 35 setae. Legs: Comb of hind tibia with 13 setae. Tarsi 1 – 3 respectively with following numbers of apical / preapical pseudospurs: 2 / 0, 2 / 0, 0 / 0 on p 1; 2 / 10, 2 / 2, 0 / 0 on p 2; 2 / 14, 2 / 4, 0 / 0 on p 3. Hind leg with dense sensilla chaetica distributed from 0.08 to 0.63 on in ta 1. Ta 4 cordiform. Genitalia (Figs. 3 A – B): Sternite VIII with 16 – 20 setae on each side. Gonocoxapodeme fairly distinct, with caudally displaced separate part running near posterior margin of gonapophysis. Gonapophysis VIII with flap composed of 2 parts, a mesal part with acute projection, and a lateral tonguelike lobe separated by rugulose cavity near base of ventrolateral lobe. Seminal capsules with short, sclerotised neck, capsule surface with weak granulation. Seminal ducts relatively short. Gonocoxite IX with 26 – 28 setae distributed from base to apex over longitudinal ridge; projection at apex relatively weak. Tergite IX deeply divided into 2 plates, each with 11 or 12 setae and a knoblike projection posterolaterally. Segment X with prominent protrusion directed slightly anterolaterad. Cerci somewhat boot­shaped in lateral view.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFF45761887C6A7EFDBAFD22.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The female genitalia of this species are unique but the specimens cannot at present be associated with any males of Diamesa. I refrain from describing it as a new species because there are several possible candidates of Himalayan Diamesa with unknown females. The concave margin of the gonapophysis is particularly distinctive. It makes the flap appear more or less with two pointed lobes. The somewhat rugulose area between these lobes extends to a cavity beneath the flap and may fit the ventral projection of the cerci during oviposition. The characteristic shape of the cerci seems similar to a species described (Tokunaga 1966: fig. 7 b) from Afghanistan as Diamesa sp. near confluens Kieffer.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFF45761887C6A7EFDBAFD22.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: China: Tibet, Rongbuk, 7. Jul. 1993, leg. T. Solhøy, det. E. Willassen, EW 70, 1 female; China: Tibet, Rongbuk, water trap, 8 – 10.7 1993, leg. T. Solhøy, det. E. Willassen, EW 96 (IZAS). Genetics: Genbank accession numbers AM 051227 – 28, mitochondrial COII gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit II.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFF65766887C6984FDBBFB8D.taxon	description	Female imago (n = 1) Head: Antenna with ultimate flagellomeres lost. Pedicel with 1 seta. Dorsal sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1 – 3. Coronal suture complete. Number of temporal setae 34, including 7 postorbitals; frontals and orbitals slightly separated from remaining verticals. Eyes hairy, fairly small and moderately projecting dorsomesally. Clypeus 130 m long, 170 m wide, without setae. Palps short; lengths of palpomeres (µm): 33, 55, 115, 72, 77. Second palpomere with or without distal campaniform sensilla. Third palpomere with sensory pit. Tentorium tube­like without anterolateral projection. Thorax: Antepronotum with 11 lateral setae. Acrostichals absent. Dorsocentral setae, 10, in 1 row, 11 prealars behind callus, 36 scutellars. Protuberance of epimeron II with 14 setae. Wing: Length 4.49 mm. VR 0.94. Punctuation of membrane visible with 125 x magnification. Costa moderately produced beyond R 4 + 5. R with 15 setae. R 1 with 12 setae and 3 sensillae campaniformia. R 2 + 3 with 1 sensillae campaniformia. R 4 + 5 with 11 setae and 2 sensillae campaniformia. Alula without setae. Squama with marginal fringe of about 45 setae. Legs: Comb of hind tibia with 19 setae. Tarsi 1 – 3 respectively with following numbers of apical / preapical pseudospurs: 2 / 8, 2 / 2, 2 / 1 on p 1; 2 / 21, 2 / 19, ­ / ­ on p 2; 2 / 25, 2 / 10, 2 / 2 on p 3. Hind leg with about 170 sensilla chaetica distributed from 0.14 to 0.95 on in ta 1. Ta 4 cordiform. fe ti ta 1 ta 2 ta 3 ta 4 ta 5 LR BV SV p 1 1630 1748 1087 483 313 123 189 0.62 4.03 3.11 p 2 1890 1772 851 407 ­ ­ ­ 0.48 ­ 4.31 p 3 2008 2055 1158 644 455 133 189 0.56 3.67 3.51 Genitalia (Fig. 3 C): Sternite VIII with 12 or 13 setae on each side; caudolateral margin with deep incision near gonocoxite IX. Gonocoxapodeme distinct and running almost to anterior margin of genital chamber. Gonapophysis VIII with caudomesally projecting flap covering most of ventrolateral lobe. Seminal capsules large, ovoid, with short neck; capsule surface with weak granulation. Seminal ducts relatively long. Gonocoxite IX with massive rounded projection bearing close to 30 long setae. Tergite IX completely divided into 2 narrow plates, each with 10 setae. Segment X with small, ventrally directed protrusion. Cerci more or less oval in lateral view.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFF65766887C6984FDBBFB8D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The short palps, the relatively small clypeus which is devoid of setae, and the massive projections of the gonocoxites are distinctive features of this species. Sensilla chaetica distributed nearly to the distal end of ta 1 is also unusual in Diamesa. Spermathecae of similar size have previously been observed only in the Diamesa dampfi group (Willassen & Serra­Tosio 1988). Characteristics of the head, including the tubelike tentorium, indicate that the male of Diamesa sp. 2 has short antennae. I know of no likely candidates among described species and suggest that males of this species remain undiscovered.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
039587E1FFF65766887C6984FDBBFB8D.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: China: Tibet, Rongbuk, 5000 m asl., 8 – 10.7. 93, leg T. Solhøy, det. E. Willassen, EW 216 (IZAS). Genetics: Genbank accession number AM 051229, mitochondrial COII gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit II.	en	Willassen, Endre (2005): New species of Diamesa (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Tibet: conspecific males and females associated with mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 1049: 19-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169954
