taxonID	type	description	language	source
0395AF30ED11FFAF7EB643F8FEB6FB91.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ASIZP 68112 (398), 14.54 ° N, 121.7 ° E, off Aurora, Luzon, Philippines, 233 – 249 m, 29 May 2007. Paratype. ASIZP 68117 (1, 341), 16.51 ° N, 122.01 ° E, off Aurora, Luzon, Philippines, 335 – 356 m, 28 May 2007.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED11FFAF7EB643F8FEB6FB91.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Parabathymyrus with head 5.6 – 5.7 in TL; 3 supraorbital pores; 42 preanal vertebrae; 141 – 142 total vertebrae; 40 – 42 preanal lateral-line (LL) pores; 140 – 141 total LL pores.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED11FFAF7EB643F8FEB6FB91.taxon	description	Description. Head length 5.7 (5.6 in paratype) times in TL; body depth at head 16.2 (12.7); predorsal 5.7 (5.2); preanal 2.4 (2.5); trunk length 4.2 (4.8); tail length 1.7. Snout 6.6 (5.8) times in HL; eye 5.8 (4.7); interorbital 9.8 (8.2); snout-rictus 3.2 (3.1); gill opening 9.6 (5.8); interbranchial 3.8 (3.4); pectoral fin 2.5 (2.8). Pectoral-fin rays 14. P. philippinensis sp. nov. P. brachyrhynchus P. macrophthalmus Value of NMMB-P 11170. Body relatively stout, depth of head slightly larger than that of tail; head and trunk cylindrical, gradually compressed to posterior half of body; trunk long; tail moderately long. Origin of dorsal fin above pectoral fin; original of anal fin slightly anterior to middle of total length; snout short and obtuse. Eye relatively large, above posterior half of upper jaw, its posterior margin extending beyond a vertical through rictus; interorbital space narrow. Gill opening moderately high, in front of pectoral fin and extending dorsally to middle of pectoral-fin base. Anterior nostril tube-like, at front of snout; posterior nostril large, just above upper jaw, covered by a large flap dorsally. Mouth moderately large, its opening slightly oblique, rictus extending to posterior one-third of orbit; upper jaw protrudes anterior to lower jaw; upper labial flange well developed, extending from anterior nostril to two-thirds of upper-jaw length; lower jaw with a deep fold from tip to rictus; pectoral fin narrow and pointed. Vertebrae: Predorsal 8 (8), preanal 42 (42), and total 142 (141). Lateral line complete, pores moderate in size, prepectoral 8 (8), predorsal 10 (8), Preanal 40 (42), and total 140 (141). Head pores: supraorbital 3 (3), only anterior pores present, 4 th pore at dorsal-anterior corner of eye absent; infraorbital 5 (5), 1 between nostrils, 3 below eye and 1 behind rictus, none behind eye; preoperculomandibular (POM) 11 (11), 7 anterior to rictus, 4 behind rictus; supratemporal commissure (ST) 0, frontal (F) 0, adnasal (AD) 0. Teeth small, villiform, 4 – 5 rows of teeth on intermaxilla forming a rounded patch, exposed when mouth closed; vomerine teeth connected to those of intermaxilla, forming a small triangular patch; 4 – 5 rows of teeth on both jaws anteriorly, gradually narrowing to biserial posteriorly. Coloration. When fresh (Fig. 1 A, C), light brownish dorsally and paler ventrally, anterior portion of head and lower jaw blackish, fins reddish, thin black margins on dorsal and anal fins. When preserved (Fig. 1 B), body brownish, abdomen yellowish, fins pale, thin black margins on dorsal and anal fins.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED11FFAF7EB643F8FEB6FB91.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the type series, collected off Aurora Province, east coast of Luzon, Philippines, at a depth of 233 – 356 m.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED11FFAF7EB643F8FEB6FB91.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality, the Philippines.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED11FFAF7EB643F8FEB6FB91.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Parabathymyrus philippinensis sp. nov. differs from the other four congeners in having 3 supraorbital pores (vs. 4) and 141 – 142 total vertebrae (vs. 128 – 137 in P. macrophthalmus, 149 – 152 in P. oregoni, 162 – 173 in P. brachyrhynchus, and 173 in P. fijiensis). Table 3 summarizes the selected characters of all known Parabathymyrus.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED13FFAA7EB6468BFC4FFCB1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (47, 186 – 502 mm TL). Holotype: USNM 92357 (1, 327), Southern Mindanao, Eastern Illana Bay, Utara Point, Bongo Island, Philippines, 7 ° 21 ' 45 " N, 124 ° 07 ' 15 " E, 289 m, 22 May 1908. Paratype: USNM 135121 (1, 268), Gulf of Davao, Dumalag Island, 7 ° 02 ' N, 125 ° 38 ' 4 " E, 247 m, 18 May 1908, Albatross D. 5247. Non-types: Taiwan: off Dong-gang, SW Taiwan, ca. 150 – 350 m: ASIZP 65130 (1, 383), 10 Mar. 2005. CSIRO H 7398 - 12 (1, 457), 18 Mar. 2012. CSIRO H 7419 - 07 (1, 376), 27 Dec. 2012. NMMB-P 1403 (1, 470), 4 Mar. 1965. NMMB-P 1412 (1, 405), 6 Feb. 1966. NMMB-P 2458 (1, 328), no date. NMMB-P 9079 (1, 430), 13 Jun. 2008. NMMB-P 9092 (1, 470), 13 Jun. 2008. NMMB-P 11167 (1, 345), 15 Dec. 2009. NMMB-P 11168 (1, 466), 15 Dec. 2009. NMMB-P 11169 (1, 424), 15 Dec. 2009. NMMB-P 11914 (3, 402 – 472), 26 Feb. 2011. NMMB-P 12175 (1, 428), 31 Dec. 2010. NMMB-P 13161 (1, 502), 12 Sep. 2009. NMMB-P 13674 (1, 351), 2 Jul. 2011. NMMB-P 14034 (1, 355), 3 Nov. 2011. NMMB-P 15391 (1, 420), no date. NMMB-P 15566 (1, 383), no date. NMMB-P 16437 (1, 407), 15 Jun. 2009. NMMB-P 17791 (1, 464), 9 Aug. 2012. NMMB-P 17868 (1, 392), 25 Jan. 2012. NMMB-P 17869 (1, 342), 25 Jan. 2012. USNM 398510 (1, 395), 12 Nov. 2009. USNM 400284 (1, 410), 25 May. 2010. USNM 395265 (1, 483), 16 May. 2008. Off Daxi, NE Taiwan: NMMB-P 15565 (2 of 3, 385 – 387), 23 Oct. 2011. Off Nan-fang-ao, Yilan, NE Taiwan: NMMB-P 16195 (1, 317), 20 Jul. 2010. The Philippines: USNM 344105 (6, 320 – 364), Albay Gulf, Luzon, Philippines, 363 – 385 m, 23 Sep. 1995. Vietnam: NMMB-P 12330 (1, 361), Da Nang, 9 Apr. 2011. Vanuatu: MNHN 1997 - 0827 (3, 379 – 448), 15 ° 7 ' 1.2 " S, 166 ° 55 ' 1.2 " E, 262 – 352 m, 9 Sep. 1994. Solomon Islands: MNHN 2002 - 3850 (6, 186 – 340), 9 ° 21 ' 3.6 " S, 160 ° 23 ' 13.2 " E, 357 – 359 m, 1 Oct. 2001. MNHN 2006 - 0079 (1, 343), 7 ° 28 ' 15.6 " S, 156 ° 18 ' 25.2 " E, 105 m, 2 Nov. 2004. P. philippinensis sp. nov. P. brachyrhynchus P. macrophthalmus MVF 8 - 42 - 142 11 - 52 - 164 10 - 43 - 133 * Value of NMMB-P 11170.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED13FFAA7EB6468BFC4FFCB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Parabathymyrus with 4 supraorbital pores; head 5.5 – 6.7 in TL; 49 – 58 preanal vertebrae; 162 – 173 total vertebrae; 48 – 54 preanal LL pores; 159 – 169 total LL pores. Two rows of teeth on most of both jaws.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED13FFAA7EB6468BFC4FFCB1.taxon	description	Description. Head length 5.5 – 6.7 times in TL; body depth at head 13.4 – 16.9; predorsal 4.9 – 6.4; preanal 2.3 – 2.6; trunk length 3.6 – 4.4; tail length 1.6 – 1.8. Snout 5.4 – 7.6 times in HL; eye 4.8 – 6.5; interorbital 4.7 – 12.5; snoutrictus 2.9 – 4.2; gill opening 5.5 – 8.1; interbranchial 3.7 – 6.4; pectoral fin 2.1 – 3.4. Pectoral-fin rays 14 – 17. Body relatively stout, depth of head not much larger than that of tail; head and trunk cylindrical, gradually compressed to caudal fin; trunk long; tail moderately long. Origin of dorsal fin above pectoral fin; original of anal fin slightly anterior to middle of total length; snout short and obtuse. Eye relatively large, above posterior half of upper jaw and its posterior margin slightly behind level of rictus; interorbital space broad; gill opening moderately high, in front of pectoral fin and extended to middle of pectoralfin base. Anterior nostril tube-like, at front of snout; posterior nostril large, just above the upper jaw, covered by a large flap dorsally. Mouth moderately large, its opening slightly oblique, rictus extends to posterior one-third of orbit; upper jaw protrudes anterior to lower jaw; upper labial flange well developed, extending from anterior nostril to two-thirds of upper-jaw length; lower jaw with a deep fold from tip to rictus; pectoral fin narrow and pointed. Teeth small and villiform; intermaxilla with 4 rows of teeth forming a rounded patch, exposed when mouth closed; vomerine teeth a small triangular patch closely attached to that of intermaxilla; both jaws with 4 – 6 rows of teeth on anterior part and 1 – 2 rows on most of the remainder. Vertebrae: predorsal 8 – 13, preanal 49 – 58, total 158 – 173 and mean vertebral formula (MVF) 11 - 52 - 164. Lateral-line pores moderate in size and complete, prepectoral 7 – 10, predorsal 8 – 11, preanal 46 – 54 and total 158 – 169. Head pores: SO 4, IO 5, POM 10 – 12, ST 0, F 0, AD 0. Coloration. When fresh, pinkish brown or yellowish brown dorsally, paler ventrally, pectoral fins reddish to grayish, anterior part of median fins yellowish or pinkish, with black margin in posterior portion. When preserved, brownish gray dorsally and paler ventrally, pectoral fin white, anterior part of median fins pale, with black margins in posterior portion, mouth cavity, gill chamber and peritoneum white.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED13FFAA7EB6468BFC4FFCB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the western Pacific off Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Vanuatu and Solomon Islands. Bathymetric range 105 – 385 m.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED13FFAA7EB6468BFC4FFCB1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Smith (1994) reported 19 predorsal vertebrae for the holotype of P. brachyrhynchus, whereas all specimens we examined have 8 – 13 (n = 38) predorsal vertebrae. We also found a specimen of P. macrophthalmus that has relatively more predorsal vertebrae (15, vs. 9 – 13 in other specimens, n = 46). The relatively more predorsal vertebrae in these specimens of P. brachyrhynchus and P. macrophthalmus is apparently anomalous. Karmovskaya (2004) separated P. fijiensis from P. brachyrhynchus by having relatively more total vertebrae (173 vs. 166 – 168), fewer preanal pores (47 vs. 50 – 52), and its dorsal-fin origin above the pectoral-fin base (vs. dorsal-fin origin slightly behind middle of pectoral fin). The holotype of P. fijiensis has 50 preanal pores and 167 total pores (HH's examination). We also examined a large number of P. brachyrhynchus and found that the data for the holotype of P. fijiensis mostly fall within the range of P. brachyrhynchus (Tables 1 – 2). More specimens of P. fijiensis are needed to understand the variation of this species and whether it and P. brachyrhynchus are conspecific. HH examined three specimens from Vanuatu and seven specimens from the Solomon Islands. All these specimens are identical to those of P. brachyrhynchus that we examined. Thus they are identified as P. brachyrhynchus rather than P. fijiensis. It is also notable that the holotype of P. fijiensis does not have a black anal-fin margin, whereas all specimens of P. brachyrhynchus have a black margin on their anal fin and those from Vanuatu and the Solomons have a slightly broader black margin than those from the NW Pacific Ocean.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED16FFA47EB641A4FBDBFE4A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (57 specimens, 150 – 417 mm TL). Taiwan: Off Dong-gang, SW Taiwan: ASIZP 60859 (1, 417), 27 Oct. 2000. ASIZP 65131 (1, 375), 10 Mar. 2005. NMMB-P 1412 ex. (1, 280 mm), 6 Feb. 1966. NMMB-P 11170 (1, 351), 15 Dec. 2009. NMMB-P 11175 (1, 367), 16 Jun 2009. NMMB-P 13952 (1, 260), 5 Oct. 2010. NMMB-P 13964 (1, 285), no date. NMMB-P 14122 (1, 280), 14 Jul. 2001. NMMB-P 14212 (1, 260), 20 Oct. 2011. NMMB-P 16366 (1, 387), 23 Feb. 2012. NMMB-P 17866 (1, 380), 25 Jan. 2012. USNM 398561 (1, 339), 14 Nov. 2009. USNM 398562 (1, 330), 14 Nov. 2009. USNM 398563 (1, 385), 14 Nov. 2009. USNM 401021 (1, 398), 26 Feb. 2011. USNM 401069 (3, 337 – 415), 14 Nov. 2009. USNM 401079 (1, 373), 25 May. 2010. Off Da-xi, Yilan, NE Taiwan: NMMB-P 12230 (1, 364), 22 Jan. 2010. NMMB-P 15565 (1, 400), 23 Oct. 2011. Japan: BSKU 45 (1, 311). BSKU 9983 (1, 339), " Neotype " designated by Kamohara (1961). BSKU 9984 (1, 312). BSKU 79197 (1, 275). BSKU 95489 (1, 405). Vietnam: ASIZP 71614 (2, 252 – 287), Nha Trang, 16 Apr. 2009. ASIZP 71593 (1, 323), Nha Trang, 15 Apr. 2009. ASIZP 71594 (1, 353), Nha Trang, 16 Apr. 2009. NMMB-P 12324 (1, 297), Da Nang, 9 Apr. 2011. NMMB-P 12328 (1, 226), Da Nang, 9 Apr. 2011. NMMB-P 12332 (1,301), Da Nang, 9 Apr. 2011. NMMB-P 13953 (1, 293), Nha Trang, 18 Apr. 2009. NMMB-P 13954 (1, 294), Da Nang, 9 Apr. 2011. NMMB-P 17924 (1, 267), Phan Thiet, 29 May. 2012. NMMB-P 17926 (8, 231 – 283), Da Nang, 26 May 2012. USNM 396162 (1, 293), Nha Trang, Apr. 2009. IORAS 3243 (4, 263 – 386). E. Australia: CSIRO H 7419 - 04 (1, 377), CSIRO H 7419 - 05 (1, 410), CSIRO H 7419 - 06 (1, 380). W. Australia: CSIRO B. 3590 (1, 150), CSIRO CA 4011 (1, 308), CSIRO CA 4013 (1, 265). Hainan: IORAS 3244 (1, 280). India: ZSI uncatalogued (1, 246).	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED16FFA47EB641A4FBDBFE4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of Parabathymyrus with 4 supraorbital pores; head length 5.8 – 6.8 times in TL; 39 – 46 preanal vertebrae; 128 – 137 total vertebrae; 36 – 44 preanal LL pores; 121 – 132 total LL pores.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED16FFA47EB641A4FBDBFE4A.taxon	description	Description. Head length 5.8 – 6.8 times in TL; body depth at head 12.2 – 17.5; predorsal 5.0 – 6.3; preanal 2.4 – 2.7; trunk length 3.8 – 4.7; tail length 1.4 – 1.7. Snout 5.2 – 7.8 times in HL; eye 5.0 – 7.8; interorbital 4.5 – 8.1; snoutrictus 2.9 – 3.8; gill opening 4.7 – 9.5; interbranchial 3.5 – 7.2; pectoral fin 2.3 – 4.0. Pectoral-fin rays 12 – 17. Body relatively stout, depth of head slightly greater than that of tail; head and trunk cylindrical, gradually compressed to posterior half of body; trunk long; tail moderately long. Origin of dorsal fin above pectoral fin; origin of anal fin slightly anterior to middle of total length (one specimen with the origin far behind the tip of pectoral fin); snout short and obtuse. Eye relatively large, above posterior half of upper jaw and its posterior margin slightly behind level of rictus; interorbital space broad. Gill opening moderately high, in front of pectoral fin and extended to middle of pectoralfin base. Anterior nostril tube-like, at front of snout; posterior nostril large, just above the upper jaw, and covered by a flap dorsally. Mouth moderately large, its opening slightly oblique, rictus extending to posterior one-third of orbit; upper jaw protrudes anterior to lower jaw; upper labial flange well developed, extending from anterior nostril to two-thirds of upper-jaw length; lower jaw with a deep fold from tip to rictus; pectoral fin narrow. Teeth small and villiform, anterior portion of intermaxilla with 4 – 5 rows of teeth, forming a rounded patch, followed a small triangular patch of teeth on vomer; 4 – 5 rows anteriorly and gradually narrowing to biserial posteriorly on both jaws. Tongue long, broad and thick, free from the mouth floor. Vertebrae: predorsal 9 – 13 (one with 15), preanal 39 – 46, total 128 – 137, and MVF 10 - 43 - 133. Lateral-line pores moderate in size and complete, prepectoral 5 – 9, predorsal 6 – 11 (one with 12), preanal 36 – 44, and total 121 – 132. Head pores: SO 4, IO 5, POM 9 – 12 (mainly 10 – 11), ST 0, F 0, AD 0. Coloration. When fresh, light brown dorsally, lower body paler, lateral-line ossicles white, posterior portion of dorsal and anal fins white and become black at the end; mouth cavity, gill chamber and peritoneum white.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED16FFA47EB641A4FBDBFE4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the western Pacific off Japan, Taiwan, Hainan, Vietnam, Australia and India. Bathymetric range of specimens collected from Taiwan ca. 100 – 300 m.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
0395AF30ED16FFA47EB641A4FBDBFE4A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although this species was previously recorded from Taiwan, we have reidentified these vouchers and all are P. brachyrhynchus. Additional specimens of P. macrophthalmus were found in Taiwanese collections. The holotype of Parabathymyrus macrophthalmus was destroyed in World War II. Kamohara (1961) designated a neotype (BSKU 9983), but this was not done in a revisionary work and is not valid. One specimen from Taiwan (NMMB-P 11170) has a relatively posteriorly situated dorsal-fin origin and 15 predorsal vertebrae (vs. 9 – 13 in other specimens). We consider it to be anomalous.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Shao, Kwang-Tsao (2015): Notes on the congrid eel genus Parabathymyrus from the western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species (Pisces: Anguilliformes: Congridae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 131-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.15
