taxonID	type	description	language	source
0392C355FFEF1E41DFD2B59998257C39.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna with flagellomeres oval, apically tapering and elongated. Rostrum about 1.2 times as long as remainder of head. Prescutum and presutural scutum dark brown with anterior area darker. Pleuron dark brown to brownish black. Wing with stigma oval, dark brown. Distance between tips of R 4 and R 5 slightly longer than distance between tips of R 1 and R 4. Tip of outer gonostylus bispinous, outer spine small, inner spine large and bent ventrally. Interbase oval; laterally producing into a narrow, apically acute outgrowth, beak-shaped in lateral aspect. Description. Male. Body length 9.3 – 9.5 mm (excluding rostrum), wing length 8.0 – 8.2 mm, rostrum length 0.7 – 0.8 mm, antenna length 1.4 – 1.5 mm. Head (Fig. 1 B). Dark brown with brownish black setae. Antenna (Fig. 1 C) brown with scape and pedicel darker. Scape long cylindrical, three times as long as wide. Pedicel oval. Flagellomeres oval, apically tapering and elongated, with dark brown verticils that subequal in length to or slightly longer than corresponding flagellomere; verticils on basal flagellomeres unilaterally arranged. Rostrum about 1.2 times as long as remainder of head, dark brown with brownish black setae. Palpus dark brown with dark brown setae. Thorax (Fig. 1 D). Pronotum black with two sides dark brown. Prescutum and presutural scutum dark brown with anterior area darker. Postsutural scutum dark brown with middle area paler. Scutellum dark brown. Mediotergite brown with two sides dark brown. Pleuron (Fig. 1 A) dark brown to brownish black. Setae on thorax brownish black. Coxae and trochanters dark yellow; femora and tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow with terminal segments darkened. Setae on legs brown. Wing (Fig. 1 E) tinged with brownish yellow, base and costal field conspicuously light yellow. Stigma oval, dark brown; a scarcely apparent brown seam on anterior cord; wing tip narrowly darkened; darkened area over basal portions of CuA, CuP and A 1. Veins pale brown, yellow in yellow areas and darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc ending near fork of Rs, sc-r at its tip; distance between tips of R 4 and R 5 slightly longer than distance between tips of R 1 and R 4; cell dm about 1.5 times as long as wide; m-cu close to or just beyond fork of M. Halter pale yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 1 A). Dark brown with tergites slightly paler. Setae on abdomen brown. Hypopygium (Fig. 2). Brownish yellow. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with a broad U-shaped emargination (Fig. 2 A). Gonocoxite conical with brown setae, setae on inner side slender and denser (Figs 2 A – B). Outer gonostylus slightly curved with subtip slightly expanded; tip blackened and bispinous, outer spine small, inner spine large and bent ventrally (Figs 2 A – B, E). Inner gonostylus curved with basal 1 / 3 expanded and tip pale (Figs 2 A – B, E). Aedeagal complex with semen pump spherical (Figs 2 C – D), ejaculatory apodeme elongated with base widened (Figs 2 C – D); aedeagus rod-shaped with tip bent dorsally (Figs 2 A – D). Parameres fused forming flattened transverse plate with short basal and apical parts, tip of apical part bent dorsally (Figs 2 C – D). Interbase oval; laterally producing into a narrow, apically acute outgrowth, beak-shaped in lateral aspect (Figs 2 C – D, F – G). Female. Body length 11.1 – 12.2 mm (excluding rostrum), wing length 8.0 – 8.8 mm, rostrum length 0.7 – 0.8 mm, antenna length 1.3 – 1.4 mm. Generally similar to male by body coloration. Ovipositor (Fig. 3): tergite 9 brown with two sides darker, tergite 10 dark brownish yellow with caudal edge darker; sternite 8 dark brownish yellow two lateral edges brownish black; cercus dark brown gradually to brownish yellow, distal part curved dorsally; hypogynial valve dark brown, tip reaching approximately 3 / 5 of cercus. Material examined. 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (LHEL 002 A 01 – LHEL 002 A 04), China: Sichuan Province, Emeishan City, Mt. Emei, Jingshui (29 ° 35 ′ 56 ″ N, 103 ° 20 ′ 47 ″ E, 710 m), 2015. VIII. 20, Xiao Zhang, light trap. Distribution. Sichuan (Emeishan). Remarks. Alexander (1940 a) firstly described this species based on a male from Sichuan, China and provided figures of the wing and male hypopygium for this species. In this study, the description and illustration for female are provided for the first time. In addition, more detailed description and illustration for male hypopygium are also provided.	en	Ma, Shuo, Xu, Yuanyuan, Xin, Tongle, Liu, Chang, Yang, Ding, Zhang, Xiao (2024): Contribution to the knowledge of the crane fly genus Helius (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China. Zoological Systematics 49 (4): 331-342, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2024405, URL: http://zoobank.org/39a1b53f-12bb-4add-9494-08babc635b74
0392C355FFE81E43DFD2B70F9E0D79E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna with flagellomeres oval, apically tapering and elongated. Rostrum nearly as long as remainder of head. Prescutum and presutural scutum yellow with a very narrow darkened median line. Pleuron yellow to brownish yellow. Wing with stigma indistinct, pale yellow. Distance between tips of R 4 and R 5 about four times as long as distance between tips of R 1 and R 4. Tip of outer gonostylus bispinous, inner spine smaller. Interbase oval, tip significantly expanded laterally; laterally producing into a narrow, apically acute outgrowth. Description. Male. Body length 7.5 – 7.6 mm (excluding rostrum), wing length 6.5 – 6.7 mm, rostrum length 0.4 – 0.5 mm, antenna length 0.9 – 1.0 mm. Head (Fig. 4 B). Pale brownish yellow with vertex dark brown. Setae on head dark brown. Antenna (Fig. 4 C) brown with scape paler. Scape long cylindrical with tip slightly expanded, about 2.5 times as long as wide. Pedicel oval. Flagellomeres oval, apically tapering and elongated, with unilaterally arranged dark brown verticils; verticils on outer flagellomeres long, subequal in length to or slightly longer than corresponding flagellomere. Rostrum nearly as long as remainder of head, brownish yellow with dark brown setae. Palpus brownish yellow with brown setae. Thorax (Fig. 4 D). Pronotum pale brown. Prescutum and presutural scutum yellow with a very narrow darkened median line. Postsutural scutum pale yellow with middle area darker. Scutellum pale yellow with middle area darker. Mediotergite yellow with two sides of base paler. Pleuron (Fig. 4 A) yellow to brownish yellow. Setae on thorax dark brown. Fore coxa pale brownish yellow, mid and hind coxae yellow; trochanters yellow; remainder of legs pale brownish yellow. Setae on legs brown. Wing (Fig. 4 E) tinged with pale brownish yellow, costal field slightly light yellow. Stigma indistinct, pale yellow. Veins yellow to brownish yellow. Venation: Sc ending just before fork of Rs, sc-r at its tip; distance between tips of R 4 and R 5 about four times as long as distance between tips of R 1 and R 4; cell dm about 1.5 times as long as wide; m-cu close to or just beyond fork of M. Halter yellow with knob paler. Abdomen (Fig. 4 A). Tergite 1 dark brown; sternite 1 pale yellow. Segment 2 – 7 pale brownish yellow with caudal areas dark brown. Segment 8 – 9 dark brown. Setae on abdomen dark brown. Hypopygium (Fig. 5). Pale brownish yellow. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with a broad and shallow U-shaped emargination (Fig. 5 A). Gonocoxite cylindrical with base slightly expanded. Setae on gonocoxite dark brown; shorter, slender and denser on inner side (Figs 5 A – B). Outer gonostylus slightly curved with subtip slightly expanded; tip blackened and bispinous, inner spine smaller (Figs 5 A – B, E). Inner gonostylus curved with basal half expanded (Figs 5 A – B, E). Aedeagal complex with semen pump inverted pear-shaped (Figs 5 C – D), ejaculatory apodeme very short and stout with tip trifurcated (Figs 5 C – D); aedeagus rod-shaped with tip curled dorsally (Figs 5 A – D). Parameres fused forming flattened transverse plate with long basal and apical parts, tip of apical part bent dorsally (Figs 5 C – D). Interbase oval, tip significantly expanded laterally; laterally producing into a narrow, apically acute outgrowth (Figs 5 C – D, F – G). Female. Unknown. Type material. Holotype ♂ (TYPE 003 B 01), China: Sichuan Province, Emeishan City, Mt. Emei, Linggongli (29 ° 34 ′ 58 ″ N, 103 ° 17 ′ 24 ″ E), 2016. V. 21, Zehui Kang. Paratypes. 1 ♂ (TYPE 003 B 02), same data as holotype. 1 ♂ (TYPE 003 B 03), China: Sichuan Province, Emeishan City, Mt. Emei, Qingyinge (29 ° 34 ′ 27 ″ N, 103 ° 23 ′ 30 ″ E), 2016. V. 20, Zehui Kang. Distribution. Sichuan (Emeishan). Etymology. The name of the new species refers to H. (H.) pallidissimus Alexander, 1930, as the two species are very similar morphologically. Remarks. This new species is similar to H. (H.) pallidissimus from China by having a similar pale body coloration, but can be separated by the basal flagellomeres being oval (Fig. 4 C), the femora, tibiae and tarsi of the legs being uniformly pale brownish yellow (Fig. 4 A), and the tip of the interbase being significantly expanded laterally with an apically acute outgrowth (Figs 5 C – D, F – G). In H. (H.) pallidissimus, the basal flagellomeres are short and crowded (Fig. 6 C), the femora, tibiae and tarsi of the legs gradually change from yellow to brownish yellow (Fig. 6 A), and the tip of the interbase is slightly expanded with an apically blunt outgrowth (Figs 7 C – D, F – G).	en	Ma, Shuo, Xu, Yuanyuan, Xin, Tongle, Liu, Chang, Yang, Ding, Zhang, Xiao (2024): Contribution to the knowledge of the crane fly genus Helius (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China. Zoological Systematics 49 (4): 331-342, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2024405, URL: http://zoobank.org/39a1b53f-12bb-4add-9494-08babc635b74
0392C355FFEA1E4FDFD2B3449FC37E46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna with basal flagellomeres short and crowded. Rostrum about 1.4 times as long as remainder of head. Prescutum and presutural scutum pale yellow with anterior area paler. Pleuron pale yellow to yellow. Wing with distance between tips of R 4 and R 5 about 2.5 times as long as distance between tips of R 1 and R 4. Tip of outer gonostylus bispinous, outer spine slightly smaller. Interbase oval, tip slightly expanded; laterally producing into a narrow, apically blunt outgrowth, hook-like in lateral aspect. Description. Male. Body length 6.5 – 6.9 mm (excluding rostrum), wing length 6.1 – 6.5 mm, rostrum length 0.6 – 0.7 mm, antenna length 1.4 – 1.5 mm. Head (Fig. 6 B). Light gray with dark brown setae. Antenna (Fig. 6 C) with scape pale yellow, pedicel brown and flagellomeres brownish black. Scape long cylindrical, three times as long as wide. Pedicel oval, tip slightly expanded. Basal flagellomeres short and crowded with unilaterally arranged dark brown verticils; outer flagellomeres long, apically tapering and elongated, with long dark brown verticils that longer than corresponding flagellomere. Rostrum about 1.4 times as long as remainder of head, pale brownish yellow with pale brown setae. Basal segments of palpus pale brownish yellow with tips darker, terminal segment brown with tip darker. Setae on palpus dark brown. Thorax (Fig. 6 D). Pronotum pale yellow. Prescutum and presutural scutum pale yellow with anterior area paler. Postsutural scutum pale yellow with middle area darker. Scutellum pale yellow. Mediotergite dark brown with middle area slightly daker. Pleuron (Fig. 6 A) pale yellow to yellow. Setae on thorax pale brown. Coxae and trochanters pale yellow; femora yellow; tibiae pale brownish yellow; tarsi brownish yellow with terminal segments darkened. Setae on legs brown. Wing (Fig. 6 E) tinged with yellow. Veins pale yellow to yellow. Venation: Sc ending before fork of Rs, sc-r at its tip; distance between tips of R 4 and R 5 about 2.5 times as long as distance between tips of R 1 and R 4; cell dm about twice as long as wide; m-cu from just before to just beyond fork of M. Halter pale yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 6 A). Yellow to brownish yellow with pale brown setae. Hypopygium (Fig. 7). Pale brown. Posterior margin of tergite 9 with a broad V-shaped emargination (Fig. 7 A). Gonocoxite cylindrical with base slightly expanded. Setae on gonocoxite brown; shorter, slender and denser on inner side (Figs 7 A – B). Outer gonostylus slightly curved with subtip slightly constricted; tip blackened and bispinous, outer spine slightly smaller (Figs 7 A – B, E). Inner gonostylus curved with basal 2 / 3 expanded (Figs 7 A – B, E). Aedeagal complex with semen pump oval (Figs 7 C – D), ejaculatory apodeme short and stout (Figs 7 C – D); aedeagus rod-shaped with tip curled dorsally (Figs 7 A – D). Parameres fused forming flattened transverse plate with short basal and apical parts, tip of apical part bent dorsally (Figs 7 C – D). Interbase oval, tip slightly expanded; laterally producing into a narrow, apically blunt outgrowth, hook-like in lateral aspect (Figs 7 C – D, F – G). Female. Body length 7.3 – 7.7 mm (excluding rostrum), wing length 6.7 – 7.0 mm, rostrum length 0.5 – 0.6 mm, antenna length 1.0 – 1.1 mm. Generally similar to male by body coloration. Ovipositor (Fig. 8): tergite 9 yellow with middle area darker, tergite 10 yellow; sternite 8 yellow; cercus yellow to brownish yellow, distal part curved dorsally; hypogynial valve brownish yellow with middle of base paler, tip reaching approximately middle of cercus. Material examined. 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (LHEL 002 B 01 – LHEL 002 B 04), China: Sichuan Province, Chongzhou City, Anzihe Nature Reserve, Shaoyaogou Protection Station (30 ° 48 ′ 08 ″ N, 103 ° 12 ′ 58 ″ E, 1434 m), 2016. VII. 30, Yuqiang Xi, light trap. 2 ♂ (LHEL 002 B 05 – LHEL 002 B 06), China: Sichuan Province, Chongzhou City, Anzihe Nature Reserve, Shaoyaogou Protection Station (30 ° 47 ′ 59 ″ N, 103 ° 13 ′ 05 ″ E, 1450 m), 2016. VII. 31, Yuqiang Xi, light trap. Distribution. Sichuan (Emeishan, Chongzhou). Remarks. Alexander (1930 b) firstly described this species based on two females from Sichuan, China and provided figure of the wing for this species. In this study, the description and illustration for male are provided for the first time. In addition, more detailed description and illustration for female ovipositor are also provided. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32100356) and the National Animal Collection Resource Center, China. Acknowledgements We are also very grateful to Dr. Zehui Kang (Qingdao, Shandong, China) and Dr. Yuqiang Xi (Zhengzhou, Henan, China) for collecting the specimens.	en	Ma, Shuo, Xu, Yuanyuan, Xin, Tongle, Liu, Chang, Yang, Ding, Zhang, Xiao (2024): Contribution to the knowledge of the crane fly genus Helius (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China. Zoological Systematics 49 (4): 331-342, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2024405, URL: http://zoobank.org/39a1b53f-12bb-4add-9494-08babc635b74
