taxonID	type	description	language	source
0393878DFFD96079FF79FAA4F1809FFA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MCZ 21247, an adult male from Portillo Grande, Departamento de Yoro, Honduras, 1,524 m elevation, collected by R. E. Stadelman on 9 May 1934. Paratopotypes. All females from the vicinity of the holotype, 1,524 – 1,828 m elevation; MCZ 21248 – 50, FMNH 21866 – 67.	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD96079FF79FAA4F1809FFA.taxon	description	Genetic reference specimen. UF 156538 (Fig. 4), an adult female from Montaña Macuzal (15.079455 ° N, 87.352985 ° W; Fig. 2), 1,760 m elevation, above El Panal to the west of Yorito, Departamento de Yoro, Honduras; collected 9 April 2008, by J. M. Butler, L. Ketzler, J. Slapcinsky, N. M. Stewart, J. H. Townsend, and L. D. Wilson; original field number JHT 2420; GenBank accession numbers GU 971733 (16 S), GU 971734 (cyt b), JN 377401 (COI).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD96079FF79FAA4F1809FFA.taxon	materials_examined	Referred specimens. 15; ANSP 28981 – 85, 28200, Montaña Macuzal S of Pueblo Viejo; USNM 339700 – 08, from the eastern slope of Pico Pijol (15.175 ° N, 87.558 ° W), 1,920 m elevation, Parque Nacional Pico Pijol, Departamento de Yoro, Honduras.	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD96079FF79FAA4F1809FFA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A member of the genus Nototriton diagnosed by possessing 13 costal grooves (> 16 costal grooves in Oedipina), the presence of a sublingual fold and hands and feet longer than broad (sublingual fold absent and hands and feet broader than long in Bolitoglossa), and small nares (NL / SL 0.006 – 0.012; 0.017 – 0.029 NL / SL in Cryptotriton and Dendrotriton). Phylogenetic analysis support inclusion of N. barbouri in the subgenus Bryotriton, for which all nominal taxa are represented by molecular data (Fig. 1). Notoriton barbouri can be distinguished from the other constituent species of Bryotriton as follows: from N. oreadorum in having relatively more narrow hind feet (HFW / SVL 0.034 – 0.052, versus 0.056 – 0.057 in N. oreadorum); from N. brodiei in having a relatively shorter tail (TL / SVL 0.802 – 1.165, versus 1.420 – 1.440 in N. brodiei), relatively longer limbs (FLL / SVL 0.156 – 0.204 and HLL / SVL 0.185 – 0.231, versus 0.148 – 0.151 and 0.166 – 0.180 in N. brodiei), and fewer maxillary teeth (41 – 53, versus 60 – 62 in N. brodiei); from N. limnospectator in having a relatively broader head (HW / SVL 0.119 – 0.141, versus 0.111 – 0.118 in N. limnospectator) and a higher average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (6.2 [± 0.9], versus 4.4 [± 0.8] in N. limnospectator); from N. mime in having relatively shorter front limbs (FLL / SVL 0.156 – 0.204, versus 0.195 – 0.246 in N. mime) and a higher average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (6.2 [± 0.9], versus 4.8 [± 0.4] in N. mime); from N. nelsoni in having a relatively shorter tail (TL / SVL 0.802 – 1.165, versus 1.144 – 1.532 in N. nelsoni) and a higher average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (6.2 [± 0.9], versus 4.9 [± 1.4] in N. nelsoni); from N. picucha in having a relatively more narrow head (HW / SVL 0.119 – 0.141, versus 0.140 – 0.148 in N. picucha) and a higher average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (6.2 [± 0.9], versus 4.0 [± 0.7] in N. picucha); from N. stuarti in having a greater number of maxillary teeth (41 – 53, versus 36 in N. stuarti), a relatively shorter tail (TL / SVL 0.802 – 1.165, versus 1.264 in N. stuarti), and relatively longer hind limbs (HLL / SVL 0.185 – 0.231, versus 0.178 in N. stuarti); and from N. tomamorum in having well-developed digits (syndactylous feet in N. tomamorum), a greater number of maxillary and vomerine teeth (41 – 53 maxillaries and 12 – 23 vomerines, versus 26 maxillaries and 11 vomerines in N. tomamorum) and smaller nares (NL / SL 0.006 – 0.012, versus 0.018 in N. tomamorum). A single species of the subgenus Nototriton, N. saslaya, also occurs in the Chortís Highlands, and differs from N. barbouri in having fewer maxillary and vomerine teeth (17 – 22 maxillaries and 3 – 11 vomerines, versus 41 – 53 maxillaries and 12 – 23 vomerines in N. barbouri). Table 3 provides a comparative summary of morphological variation among the species of Nototriton from the Chortís Highlands. Nototriton barbouri is further distinguished from all other species of Nototriton in the Chortís Highlands by model-corrected genetic distances (Table 2), being 1.3 – 1.9 % (16 S) and 7.8 – 8.5 % (cyt b) divergent from its closest relative, N. limnospectator, 3.3 % (16 S) and 11.7 – 12 % (cyt b) divergent from samples from RVS Texíguat, and 3.3 % (16 S) and 11.4 % (cyt b) divergent from samples from PN Pico Bonito. McCranie & Wilson (2002) provided a description of the coloration in life of an adult female (USNM 339700), as well as morphological data for two males and 13 females of N. barbouri (as “ southern Yoro ” populations; McCranie & Wilson 2002: 136 – 137). Geographic and ecological distribution. I consider this taxon to be restricted to the Sierra de Sulaco in southwestern Departamento de Yoro, where it is known to occur from 1,520 – 1,920 m elevation in the Lower Montane Wet Forest formation (Holdridge 1967) in Broadleaf Cloud Forest (Townsend 2014). This species is known from two localities: the vicinity of the type locality in an unprotected patch of remant cloud forest on the top of Montaña Macuzal (maximum elevation approximately 1,945 m) at the eastern terminus of the Sierra de Sulaco; and in the cloud forests of PN Pico Pijol (maximum elevation approximately 2,282 m) at the western end of the Sierra de Sulaco. These localities are separated by approximated 26 airline km, and represent the highest portions of the Sierra de Sulaco, with the lowest intervening point on the ridge formation connecting these two areas being> 1,180 m elevation (Fig. 3).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD96079FF79FAA4F1809FFA.taxon	description	Natural history. This species has been found utilizing daytime refugia inside bromeliads (Schmidt 1936), rotten logs and abandoned hummingbird nests (McCranie & Wilson 2002), and in leaf litter packed at the base of a large karst outcrop. McCranie & Wilson (1992) reported finding this species actively foraging at night on low limbs and branches of small trees and shrubs. McCranie & Wilson (1992) provided a detailed account of reproductive behavior in N. barbouri from PN Pico Pijol, in which they found a clutch of five eggs without an attending adult and a second clutch with a single female present inside of an abandoned hummingbird nest suspended from limbs approximately 2 m above the ground. The clutch was removed from the nest along with the attending female, and the nest and female were subsequently placed back on the tree with a cloth collecting bag tied around the nest. The next morning, the female had deposited an additional six eggs, and subsequent examination of the nest revealed four other clutches of eggs in various stages of development (McCranie & Wilson 1992). Clutch size ranged from 5 – 19 eggs, with average egg capsule diameter ranging from 4.7 – 5.2 mm for the six clutches; no egg guarding behavior was observed (McCranie & Wilson 1992).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD96079FF79FAA4F1809FFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A single specimen (AMNH 54949) from a locality near Lago de Yojoa (“ El Volcán, ” north slopes of Cerro Azul Meámbar, 860 m elevation) was assigned to this taxon (McCranie & Wilson 2002: 576). Nototriton limnospectator was recently confirmed from localities in the immediate vicinity of the “ El Volcán ” locality in Parque Nacional Cerro Azul Meámbar (Townsend et al. 2011 b), and I consider AMNH 54949 to be representative of N. limnospectator, and not a disjunct lower elevation locality for N. barbouri sensu stricto. Photographs of the genetic reference specimen (Fig. 4; UF 156538) appear in Köhler (2011: 76) and Rafaëlli (2013: 368).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD96079FF79FAA4F1809FFA.taxon	description	Description of unassigned populations from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios. Restriction of the taxon Nototriton barbouri to populations inhabiting the highlands of southern Yoro (Montaña de Pijol and Montaña de Macuzal) leaves two allopatric lineages from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios without assignment to an existing taxon. With no referable name present in the synonymy of N. barbouri for either of these populations, putatively endemic to highland forests in the central and western portions of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios in Parque Nacional Pico Bonito and Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texiguat (Figure 4), I herein describe these two cryptic lineages as new taxa. Together, they form a clade with N. brodiei, a species restricted to the Sierra de Omoa and Sierra de Caral in northwestern Honduras and adjacent Guatemala, and N. stuarti, a species endemic to the Montañas del Mico in eastern Guatemala (Fig. 1).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD5607CFF79FADEF2149996.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. USNM 578300 (Fig. 5), an adult male from Cerro El Chino (15.525394 ° N, 87.278672 ° W), 1,420 m elevation, above La Liberación, Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texiguat, Departamento de Atlántida, Honduras; collected 19 June 2010 by B. K. Atkinson, C. A. Cerrato-Mendoza, J. H. Townsend, and L. D. Wilson; original field number JHT 3159. GenBank accession numbers JN 377387 (16 S), JN 377391 (cyt b), JN 377403 (COI). Paratypes. Four, all from about 2.5 km (airline) NNE of La Fortuna (15.44 ° N, 87.31 ° W), Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texiguat, Departamento de Yoro; one male, USNM 339710, 1,690 m elevation; and two females, USNM 339709, 1,690 m elevation, and USNM 339711, 1,800 m elevation; and one cleared-and-stained specimen, USNM 509333, 1,600 m elevation, GenBank accession number AF 199138 (cyt b).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD5607CFF79FADEF2149996.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A member of the genus Nototriton diagnosed by possessing 13 costal grooves (> 16 costal grooves in Oedipina), the presence of a sublingual fold and hands and feet longer than broad (sublingual fold absent and hands and feet broader than long in Bolitoglossa), and small nares (0.006 – 0.010 NL / SL; 0.017 – 0.029 NL / SL in Cryptotriton and Dendrotriton). Phylogenetic analysis supports inclusion of N. nelsoni in the subgenus Bryotriton, belonging to the northern clade with N. brodiei, N. oreadorum, and N. stuarti (Fig. 1). From the other members of the northern clade, N. nelsoni can be distinguished from N. brodiei by having a relatively broader head (HW / SVL 0.127 – 0.142, versus 0.120 in N. brodiei), relatively longer limbs (FLL / SVL 0.173 – 0.198 and HLL / SVL 0.203 – 0.223, versus 0.148 – 0.151 and 0.166 – 0.180 in N. brodiei), and by having fewer maxillary teeth (38 – 53, versus 60 – 62 in N. brodiei); from N. oreadorum by having a relatively longer and broader head (HL / SVL 0.185 – 0.226 and HW / SVL 0.127 – 0.142, versus 0.178 – 0.182 and 0.117 – 0.122 in N. oreadorum) and relatively longer front limbs (FLL / SVL 0.173 – 0.198, versus 0.158 – 0.178 in N. oreadorum); and from N. stuarti in having relatively longer hind limbs (HLL / SVL 0.203 – 0.223, versus 0.178 in N. stuarti) and a greater number of maxillary teeth (38 – 53, versus 36 in N. stuarti). From the other constituent species of Bryotriton, N. nelsoni can be differentiated from N. barbouri by having a relatively longer tail (TL / SVL 1.144 – 1.532, versus 0.802 – 1.165 in N. barbouri) and a lower average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (4.9 [± 1.4], versus 6.2 [± 0.9] in N. barbouri); from N. lignicola in having relatively broader hind feet (HFW / SVL 0.044 – 0.058, versus 0.035 – 0.046 in N. lignicola) and a lower average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (4.9 [± 1.4], versus 5.9 [± 0.5] in N. barbouri); from N. limnospectator in having a relatively broader head (HW / SVL 0.127 – 0.142, versus 0.111 – 0.118 in N. limnospectator); from N. mime in having a relatively longer tail (TL / SVL 1.144 – 1.532, versus 0.698 – 1.117 in N. mime) and relatively shorter limbs (FLL / SVL 0.173 – 0.198 and HLL / SVL 0.203 – 0.223, versus 0.195 – 0.246 and 0.224 – 0.254 in N. mime); from N. picucha in having broader hind feet (HFW / SVL 0.044 – 0.058, versus 0.042 – 0.043 in N. picucha) and a higher average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (4.9 [± 1.4], versus 4.0 [± 0.7] in N. picucha); and from N. tomamorum in having feet with well-developed digits (syndactylous feet in N. tomamorum), a greater number of maxillary and vomerine teeth (38 – 53 maxillary teeth and 17 – 24 vomerine teeth, versus 26 maxillary teeth and 11 vomerine teeth in N. tomamorum) and smaller nares (NL / SL 0.006 – 0.010, versus 0.018 in N. tomamorum). Nototriton nelsoni can be distinguished from N. saslaya, the only species of the subgenus Nototriton that occurs in the Chortís Highlands, by having more maxillary and vomerine teeth (38 – 53 maxillary teeth and 17 – 24 vomerine teeth, versus 17 – 22 maxillary teeth and 3 – 11 vomerine teeth in N. saslaya). Each of the species of Bryotriton in the northern clade are allopatric with respect to each other, and N. nelsoni can be further distinguished from these species based on model-corrected genetic distances (Table 2), being 2.1 % (16 S) and 9 % (cyt b) divergent from its closest relative, N. stuarti, and 2.3 % (16 S) and 5.4 – 5.7 % (cyt b) divergent from samples from PN Pico Bonito, the geographically closest population, itself described as a new species below.	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD5607CFF79FADEF2149996.taxon	description	Description of holotype. An adult male (SVL = 31.9 mm, total length = 68.4 mm) with a slender body and reduced limbs. The head is rounded, slightly broader than the body; nostrils are relatively small (NL / SVL = 0.006), and the snout is acutely rounded and of moderate length. Nasolabial grooves are visible but slight, with nasolabial protuberances apparent. The eyes are relatively large and protuberant. The mental gland is not apparent. There are 53 maxillary teeth, 4 slightly enlarged premaxillary teeth in line with the maxillary teeth, and 24 vomerine teeth in two well-defined arches. The limbs are short (CLL / SVL = 0.42), with approximately 3.5 costal grooves between the adpressed limbs. The hands and feet are narrow with well-developed digits bearing subdigital pads. The relative length of the digits is I <IV <II <III on the hands and I <V <II <IV <III on the feet, and the tail is longer than the body (TL / SVL = 1.114). Measurements of holotype (in mm). SVL 31.9; AG 19.1; TW 3.8; HL 6.9; HW 4.2; TL 41.0; HLL 7.2; FLL 6.4; CLL 13.6; FFW 1.1; HFW 1.5; NL 0.2; eyelid length 1.8; eye width 0.9; interorbital distance 1.6; anterior rim of orbit to snout 1.5; distance separating internal margins of nares 1.4; distance separating external margins of nares 1.8. Color in life of holotype. Description of the coloration of the holotype based on a series of color photographs taken in life (color names and numbers follow Köhler [2012]): dorsal surfaces of paratoid region of head, body, and tail darkly mottled, with dominant ground color being Dark Carmine (61); lateral surfaces more heavily mottled with Brick Red (36), becoming nearly solid Ferruginous (35) near the edge of the ventral coloration, with Sepia (286) spots beginning on the centrolateral portion of costal groove 3 and becoming larger posteriorly, with one large blotch present centrolaterally from costal groove 12 to the hind limb; series of irregular Salmon Color (251) middorsal botches corresponding with the relative position of each vertebra, forming the center of a faint herringbone dorsal pattern; dorsal surfaces of head and dorsal and lateral surfaces of body covered with small, irregular Smoky White (261) and Pearl Gray (262) spots; dorsal surface of head mottled Sepia (286), Dark Carmine (61), and Carmine (64), with Smoky White (261) and Pearl Gray (262) spotting, becoming more profuse on lateral surfaces of head; series of Pearl Gray (262) spotting lining the margin of the upper lip; dorsal surface of limbs Sepia (286) with Dark Carmine (61), Deep Vinaceous (248), and Light Pratt’s Rufous (71) stippling, becoming more profuse towards body; ventral surface of head and body Fuscous (283), with Smoky White (261) and Pearl Gray (262) spots slighting larger than those seen laterally; dorsal and lateral surfaces of tail Dark Carmine (61), with Smoky White (261) and Light Lavender (201) spotting more profuse laterally; ventral ground color of tail Dusky Brown (285), being somewhat darker than body, with scattered Smoky White (261) and Light Lavender (201) spotting; color of iris Peach Red Ruby (70). Osteology. Based on examination of digital radiographs for the holotype (Fig. 6 A), Nototriton nelsoni is a typical member of the genus possessing a single cervical vertebra, 14 trunk vertebrae (13 of which bear ribs), and 2 caudosacral vertebrae; a completely fused skull roof formed through contact of the parietal bones; frontal processes of premaxilla fused at point of origin and separate immediately dorsoposterior to origin; preorbital vomerine processes well-developed into a pair of elongate arches each bearing a single row of numerous teeth, extending beyond the outer margins of the choanae; columella absent; phalangeal formulae 1 - 2 - 3 - 2 and 1 - 2 - 3 - 3 - 2; penultimate phalanges reduced, exceeded in length by terminal phalanges on digits II, III, and IV of the forelimbs and digits II, III, IV, and V of hind limbs; terminal phalanges slightly expanded at distal tips, expansion more pronounced in digit III of forelimbs and digit III of the hindlimbs; mesopodial elements not mineralized. Examination of radiographs of the three paratypes (USNM 339709 – 11) generally agreed with those of the holotype; with one paratype (USNM 339710) demonstrating incomplete fusion of the skull with sutures apparent between the frontal and parietal elements, and a small frontoparietal fontanelle.	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD5607CFF79FADEF2149996.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Dr. Cyril “ Cirilo ” Hardy Nelson-Sutherland, Professor Emeritus and co-founder of the Department of Biology at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, and co-founder and former director and curator of the university herbarium, which was renamed in his honor in 2011. Dr. Nelson devoted his career to studying the flora of Honduras and providing instruction and guidance to generations of Honduran biology students, a career which culminated with the publication of the 1,576 - page magnum opus, the Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Honduras, Espermatofitas (Nelson- Sutherland 2008). Geographic and ecological distribution. Nototriton nelsoni is known only from highland forest within Refugio de Vida Silvestre Texíguat, 1,420 – 1,800 m (Fig. 3). Known localities fall entirely within the Lower Montane Wet Forest formation (Holdridge 1967), with the habitat at the type locality being Broadleaf Cloud Forest and the locality for the paratypes being Mixed Cloud Forest transitioning to Broadleaf Cloud Forest (Townsend 2014).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD5607CFF79FADEF2149996.taxon	description	Natural history. The holotype was collected as it crawled out of an arboreal bromeliad approximately 1.5 m above the ground on a rainy night. The collection site was at the top of a small peak at the northern terminus of a ridgeline leading to the highest portion of RVS Texíguat, and the overstory was somewhat stunted with a palmdominated understory and a dense covering of epiphytic plants. This species has also been found utilizing rotten logs as daytime refugia, in sympatry with the worm salamander Oedipina gephyra (McCranie et al. 1993: 387). The congener N. tomamorum is known from a single specimen collected near a stream just below the locality where the four paratypes of N. nelsoni were collected.	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD5607CFF79FADEF2149996.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A photograph of the holotype of Nototriton nelsoni appeared in Townsend et al. (2012: 98) as “ Nototriton sp. ”.	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD0607EFF79FD35F6339EF6.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. USNM 497552, an adult female from the south slope of Cerro Búfalo (15.66 ° N, 86.79 ° W), 1,540 m elevation, Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, Departamento de Atlántida, Honduras; collected 30 May 1996 by S. Gotte and J. R. McCranie; original field number LDW 10 724; GenBank accession number AF 199137 (cyt b). Paratype. USNM 339712, an adult female from Quebrada de Oro (15.64 ° N, 86.80 ° W), 1,210 m elevation, Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, Departamento de Atlántida, Honduras; GenBank accession numbers AF 199201 (16 S), AF 199136 (cyt b).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD0607EFF79FD35F6339EF6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A member of the genus Nototriton diagnosed by possessing 13 costal grooves (> 16 costal grooves in Oedipina), the presence of a sublingual fold and hands and feet longer than broad (sublingual fold absent and hands and feet broader than long in Bolitoglossa), and small nares (NL / SVL 0.006 – 0.009; NL / SVL 0.017 – 0.029 in Cryptotriton and Dendrotriton). Phylogenetic analysis supports inclusion of N. oreadorum in the subgenus Bryotriton, and is recovered as a member of the northern clade with N. brodiei, N. nelsoni, and N. stuarti (Fig. 1). From the other species of the northern clade of Bryotriton, N. nelsoni can be distinguished from N. brodiei in having a relatively shorter tail (TL / SVL 0.117 – 0.122, versus 1.420 – 1.440 in N. brodiei), relatively longer front limbs (FLL / SVL 0.158 – 0.178, versus 0.148 – 0.151 in N. brodiei), relatively shorter hind limbs (HLL / SVL 0.190 – 0.222, versus 0.166 – 0.180 in N. brodiei), and fewer maxillary teeth (47 – 52, versus 60 – 62 in N. brodiei); from N. nelsoni in having a relatively shorter and narrower head (HL / SVL 0.178 – 0.182 and HW / SVL 0.117 – 0.122, versus 0.185 – 0.226 and 0.127 – 0.142 in N. nelsoni), relatively shorter front limbs (FLL / SVL 0.158 – 0.178, versus 0.173 – 0.198 in N. nelsoni), and a higher average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (6.0 [± 0.7], versus 4.9 [± 1.4] in N. nelsoni); and from N. stuarti by having a relatively narrower head (HW / SVL 0.117 – 0.122, versus 0.138 in N. stuarti), shorter tail (TL / SVL 1.111 – 1.169, versus 1.264 in N. stuarti), longer hind limbs (0.190 – 0.222, versus 0.178 in N. stuarti), smaller nares (NL / SVL 0.006 – 0.009, versus 0.012 in N. stuarti), and more maxillary teeth (47 – 52, versus 36 in N. stuarti). From the remaining species of Bryotriton, N. oreadorum can be differentiated from N. barbouri in having relatively broader hind feet (HFW / SVL 0.056 – 0.057, versus 0.034 – 0.052 in N. barbouri); from N. lignicola in having relatively broader hind feet (HFW / SVL 0.056 – 0.057, versus 0.035 – 0.046 in N. lignicola); from N. limnospectator in having a higher average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (6.0 [± 0.7], versus 4.4 [± 0.8] in N. limnospectator); from N. mime in having a relatively longer and broader head (HL / SVL 0.178 – 0.182 and HW / SVL 0.117 – 0.122, versus 0.182 – 0.201 and 0.121 – 0.138 in N. mime), a relatively longer tail (TL / SVL 1.111 – 1.169, versus 0.698 – 1.117 in N. mime), relatively shorter limbs (FLL / SVL 0.158 – 0.178 and HLL / SVL 0.190 – 0.222, versus 0.195 – 0.246 and 0.224 – 0.254 for N. mime), more maxillary teeth (47 – 52, versus 27 – 46 in N. mime), and a higher average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (6.0 [± 0.7], versus 4.8 [± 0.4] in N. mime); and from N. picucha in having a relatively shorter and narrower head (HL / SVL 0.178 – 0.182 and HW / SVL 0.127 – 0.142, versus 0.197 – 0.198 and 0.140 – 0.148 in N. picucha), shorter limbs (FLL / SVL 0.158 – 0.178 and HLL / SVL 0.190 – 0.222, versus 0.195 – 0.246 and 0.224 – 0.254 for N. picucha), more maxillary and vomerine teeth (47 – 52 maxillary teeth and 20 – 22 vomerine teeth, versus 41 maxillary teeth and 16 – 19 vomerine teeth for N. picucha), and a higher average number of costal grooves between adpressed limbs (6.0 [± 0.7], versus 4.0 [± 0.7] in N. picucha). One species of Bryotriton, N. tomamorum, is unique among members of the subgenus in having syndactylous feet (well-differentiated digits in N. oreadorum) and large nares (NL / SVL 0.018, versus 0.006 – 0.009 in N. oreadorum). Nototriton oreadorum can be distinguished from N. saslaya, the only species of the subgenus Nototriton found in the Chortís Highlands, by having more maxillary and vomerine teeth (47 – 52 maxillary teeth and 20 – 22 vomerine teeth, versus 17 – 22 maxillary teeth and 3 – 11 vomerine teeth in N. saslaya). The four species of the northern clade of Bryotriton are all allopatric, and are further differentiated from all other species of Nototriton in the Chortís Highlands by model-corrected genetic distances (Table 2), being 1.5 % (16 S) and 6 % (cyt b) divergent from its closest relative, N. brodiei, and 2.3 % (16 S) and 5.4 – 5.7 % (cyt b) divergent from samples from N. nelsoni, the species with the most geographically proximate population.	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD0607EFF79FD35F6339EF6.taxon	description	Description of holotype. An adult female (SVL = 33.7 mm, total length = 73.1 mm) with a slender body and reduced limbs. The head is slightly rounded and slightly broader than the body; nostrils are relatively small (NL / SVL = 0.009), and the snout is rounded and of moderate length. Shallow nasolabial grooves are present, with nasolabial protuberances also apparent but not pronounced. The eyes are relatively large and protuberant. There are 47 maxillary teeth, 4 slightly enlarged premaxillary teeth in continuous line with the maxillaries, and 22 vomerine teeth in two well-defined arches. The limbs are short (CLL / SVL = 0.37), with approximately five costal grooves between the adpressed limbs. The hands and feet are narrow with well-defined digits that bear subdigital pads. The relative length of the digits is I <IV <II <III on the hands and I <V <II <IV <III on the feet, and the tail is longer than the body (TL / SVL = 1.169). Measurements of holotype (in mm). SL 33.7; AG 19.5; TW 4.9; HL 6.0; HW 4.1; TL 39.4; HLL 6.4; FLL 6.0; CLL 12.4; FFW 1.0; HFW 1.9; NL 0.3; eyelid length 1.7; eye width 1.2; interorbital distance 1.3; anterior rim of orbit to snout 1.5; distance separating internal margins of nares 1.1; distance separating external margins of nares 1.6. Coloration. Color in life of the female paratype (USNM 339712) as described by McCranie & Wilson (2002: 144) is as follows (color names follow Smithe 1975 – 1981): dorsal surface of body Mars Brown (223 A), all lateral surfaces Mars Brown (223 A) with silver flecks; dorsal surface of tail Verona Brown (223 B); ventral and subcaudal surfaces Raw Unber (223) with pale gold flecking. Osteology. Based on examination of digital radiographs for the holotype (Fig. 6 B), Nototriton oreadorum is a typical member of the genus possessing a single cervical vertebra, 14 trunk vertebrae (13 of which bear ribs), and 2 caudosacral vertebrae; a partially fused skull roof formed through contact of the frontal and parietal bones, with the anterior portion of the frontals unfused and creating a narrow suture; frontal processes of premaxilla fused at point of origin and separate immediately dorsoposterior to origin; preorbital vomerine processes well-developed into a pair of symmetrical elongate arches, each bearing a single row of numerous teeth, extending beyond the outer margins of the choanae; columella absent; phalangeal formulae 1 - 2 - 3 - 2 and 1 - 2 - 3 - 3 - 2; penultimate phalanges reduced, equaled or exceeded in length by terminal phalanges on digits II, III, and IV of the forelimbs and digits II, III, IV, and V of hind limbs; terminal phalanges slightly expanded at distal tips, expansion more pronounced in digit III of forelimbs and digit III of the hindlimbs; mesopodial elements not mineralized. Examination of radiographs of the paratype (USNM 339712) generally agreed with those of the holotype, with the paratype having less complete fusion of the frontal and parietal elements than the holotype.	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD0607EFF79FD35F6339EF6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet means “ belonging to the mountain nymphs ”, referring to the Oreads of Greek mythology. The Oreads were female nature deities associated with mountains and valleys, alluding to the steep and challenging terrain at the type locality. Geographic and ecological distribution. This species is known only from the vicinity of Cerro Búfalo in Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, Honduras, 1,210 – 1,540 m elevation. The distribution falls within the Lower Montane Wet Forest formation (Holdridge 1967), with the habitat at the type locality classified as Broadleaf Cloud Forest (Townsend 2014).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
0393878DFFD0607EFF79FD35F6339EF6.taxon	description	Natural history. The holotype of N. oreadorum was found during the day under a log on a relatively steep forested slope on the south-southeastern face of Cerro Búfalo (McCranie & Townsend 2011). This species occurs in sympatry with another endemic semi-fossorial salamander, Oedipina petiola, a species known only from a single specimen collected from under another log located uphill from the type locality (McCranie & Townsend 2011).	en	Townsend, Josiah H. (2016): Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt) (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras. Zootaxa 4196 (4): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.4.3
