identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039387A02028FF94FCD5F946DD1AFDA8.text	039387A02028FF94FCD5F946DD1AFDA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chironomus (Benthalia) hamatus (Freeman 1957) Ekrem & Technology & Museum & History & Trondheim & Email 2016	<div><p>Chironomus (Benthalia) hamatus (Freeman, 1957) comb. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ F9A669AB-EE75-4C5A-ABB5-C58DA7091109</p><p>Chironomus (Endochironomus) hamatus Freeman, 1957: 355 .</p><p>Endochironomus hamatus (Freeman, 1957), Freeman and Cranston (1980).</p><p>Material examined: 1 paratype male (NHMUK), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Elisabethville, 30.iii.1939, H.-J. Brédo.</p><p>The examined male paratype shows characters typical of the Chironomus group of genera: antenna with 11 flagellomeres, medially fused antepronotal lobes, inferior volsella subcylindrical with dense apical setae. Unfortunately, the slide-mounted hypopygium (Figs 1a, b) is quite distorted, but the almost parallel-sided gonostylus without subapical constriction, anal tergite bands that meet medially in front of and not encircling median tergite setae, and the shape of the superior volsella resembles what is known from Benthalia Lipina (Shilova 1980 sub Einfeldia carbonaria (Meigen, 1804), Saether 2012). Moreover, the specimen has large barrel-shaped frontal tubercles (Figs 1c, d) characteristic of Benthalia (Shilova 1980, fig. 8A 2). In addition there is a smaller pair of warts on the anterior part of vertex, dorsolaterally with respect to the frontal tubercles. A similar arrangement has been recorded for Tanytarsus epleri Ekrem et al., 2003 . For this species the pupa has large frontal warts in addition to enlarged frontal tubercles (Ekrem et al. 2003), thus similar structures might be present in the unknown pupa of Chironomus (B.) hamatus .</p><p>Some authors regard Benthalia a separate genus (e.g. Saether and Spies 2013, Yamamoto and Yamamoto 2014), while Epler et al. (2013) regard Benthalia as possible subgenus of Chironomus Meigen along with Fleuria Kieffer, Baeotendipes Kieffer, Chaetolabis Townes and Lobochironomus Ryser, Wülker &amp; Scholl. Molecular phylogenies are inconclusive for the group placement of Benthalia (Martin et al. 2007 sub Lobochironomus dissidens = Benthalia carbonaria), but indicate a closer relationship to species in Chironomus sensu stricto . Until conclusive data that are provided, preferably through molecular systematic studies with wide sampling of Chironomus species and relatives, we regard Benthalia as a subgenus of Chironomus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387A02028FF94FCD5F946DD1AFDA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ekrem, Torbjørn;Elisabeth Stur	Ekrem, Torbjørn, Elisabeth Stur (2016): NEW COMBINATIONS OF AFROTROPICAL CHIRONOMINI (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 29: 4-10, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i29.1981
039387A0202AFF95FF0EFDBEDDDFFD08.text	039387A0202AFF95FF0EFDBEDDDFFD08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladopelma inflexum (Freeman 1957)	<div><p>Cladopelma inflexum (Freeman, 1957)</p><p>Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) inflexus Freeman, 1957: 403 .</p><p>Cladopelma inflexum (Freeman, 1957), Freeman and Cranston (1980).</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male &amp; 1 paratype female (NHMUK), Sudan, Khartoum, x.1951, D. J. Lewis.</p><p>The species was listed as a new combination in Cladopelma Kieffer by Freeman and Cranston (1980), but later transferred to Cryptotendipes by Ashe et al. (1987) based on personal communication with P. S. Cranston. We have examined the male holotype (pinned specimen with hypopygium on separate celluloid strip) and a slide mounted female paratype (Fig. 2). The presence of small frontal tubercles (Figs 2c, d), male gonostyli with a narrow base (Fig. 2a) and setae ventrally on segment X of the female abdomen (Fig. 2b) points towards placement in Cladopelma . The gonocoxal appendages of the holotype can be interpreted as a small wart-like superior volsella above a weak lobe-like inferior volsella (Fig. 2a), but this is not a completely clear structure on both sides. The presence of an inferior volsella is not compatible with the present diagnosis of Cladopelma (Cranston et al. 1989, Yan et al. 2008), but more material of C. inflexum, including associated immatures, should be examined before eventual emendations to diagnostic characters of Cladopelma are made. The species is known as adults from Chad, Malawi, Niger and Sudan (Freeman and Cranston 1980, McLachlan 1975).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387A0202AFF95FF0EFDBEDDDFFD08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ekrem, Torbjørn;Elisabeth Stur	Ekrem, Torbjørn, Elisabeth Stur (2016): NEW COMBINATIONS OF AFROTROPICAL CHIRONOMINI (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 29: 4-10, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i29.1981
039387A0202BFF95FF0EFD5ED953FC79.text	039387A0202BFF95FF0EFD5ED953FC79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kiefferulus pruinosus (Freeman 1961) Ekrem & Technology & Museum & History & Trondheim & Email 2016	<div><p>Kiefferulus pruinosus (Freeman, 1961) comb. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ 0A207111-3F6B-4169-A6EB-2CDDC478E839</p><p>Chironomus (Endochironomus) pruinosa [sic!] Freeman, 1961: 246.</p><p>Endochironomus pruinosus (Freeman, 1961), Freeman and Cranston (1980).</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male (MNHN), Madagascar Nord, Montagne d’Ambre 1000m, 23.xi-4.xii.1958, B. Stuckenberg.</p><p>The male holotype lacks frontal tubercles, has numerous setae on vein R in an otherwise bare wing (Fig. 3a), and has divided mid- and hind tibial combs, each with spur. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres and an AR of about 2.7. The hypopygium (Fig. 3b) lacks median tergite setae, has Y-shaped anal tergite bands, almost bare superior volsella, setose inferior volsella that is slightly expanded dorso-ventrally and gonostylus with slight subapical constriction. The species fits quite well in the definition of Kiefferulus Goetghebuer after the inclusion of Nilodorum Kieffer by Cranston et al. (1990). Indeed Freeman (1961) had discussed the similarity with Nilodorum in the original description, especially with regard to the appearance of the thorax (Fig. 3c). He chose not to place the species there due to the normally developed maxillary palps and the narrow inferior volsella, but these characters later have been argued not to be diagnostic at genus-level (Cranston et al. 1990). The shape of the superior volsella (Fig. 3b) is quite aberrant compared to other species in Kiefferulus, but we interpret this as a species-specific trait.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387A0202BFF95FF0EFD5ED953FC79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ekrem, Torbjørn;Elisabeth Stur	Ekrem, Torbjørn, Elisabeth Stur (2016): NEW COMBINATIONS OF AFROTROPICAL CHIRONOMINI (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 29: 4-10, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i29.1981
039387A0202CFF93FF0EFF0EDEC5FEA8.text	039387A0202CFF93FF0EFF0EDEC5FEA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synendotendipes woodi (Freeman 1957) Ekrem & Technology & Museum & History & Trondheim & Email 2016	<div><p>Synendotendipes woodi (Freeman, 1957) comb. n.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ F6E9848E-4A3B-4A06-A2C3- 44209379EA86</p><p>Chironomus (Endochironomus) woodi Freeman, 1957: 355 .</p><p>Endochironomus woodi (Freeman, 1957), Freeman and Cranston (1980).</p><p>Material examined: Holotype male (NHMUK), Malawi, Ruo, 6.iv.1916, R. C. Wood; 2 males &amp; 1 female paratype as holotype; 1 paratype male (NHMUK) Uganda, Natadgidza?, v.1937, G. L. R. Hancock; 1 paratype male (NHMUK) Nigeria, Zungeru, xi.1910, J. W. Scott-Macfie; 2 males (ZMBN) Ghana, Eastern Region, Bothi falls, at light, 14.x.1994, T. Andersen et al.; 1 male (ZMBN) Ghana, Western Region, Ankasa Game Production Reserve, Malaise trap #10, 6-12. xii.1993, T. Andersen et al.</p><p>The examined material fits well with the definitions of Synendotendipes Grodhaus (as opposed to Endochironomus Kieffer) in lacking a tarsal beard in the adult male, lacking mid- and hind tibial spurs, and by having a very slightly broadened base of the superior volsella (Figs 4a, b). The species also has a head without frontal tubercles (Fig. 4c) and thorax with widely divided, but well developed antepronotal lobes (Fig. 4d) as is typical for Synendotendipes (Cranston et al. 1989) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387A0202CFF93FF0EFF0EDEC5FEA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ekrem, Torbjørn;Elisabeth Stur	Ekrem, Torbjørn, Elisabeth Stur (2016): NEW COMBINATIONS OF AFROTROPICAL CHIRONOMINI (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) Abstract. CHIRONOMUS Journal of Chironomidae Research 29: 4-10, DOI: 10.5324/cjcr.v0i29.1981
