taxonID	type	description	language	source
0393843A754FFE23FE8FF0ED9DC7B858.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 2. Pygophora hirtimana Malloch, 1935.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754FFE23FE8FF0ED9DC7B858.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: Nouvelles Hebrides (VANUATU), I. Tanna (19.5 ° S 169.3 ° E), A. De la Rue, 1934, 1 ♂ (Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France).	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754FFE23FE8FF0ED9DC7B858.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. PNG, Bismarck Archipelago (type locality); Solomon Islands; Japan: Bonin Isl. (27.1 ° N 142.2 ° E); Vanuatu (new record). It is mysterious for me how P. hirtimana could settle such a remote islands as Bonin and Tanna.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754FFE23FE8FF0ED9DC7B858.taxon	discussion	DISCUSSION. Apparently, Snyder [1965] didn’t read Crosskey’s [1962] revision of Pygophora, the first species he described P. boninensis Snyder, 1965 is most probably P. macularis Wiedemann, 1830. I suspect that the majority of Snyder’s species of Pygophora are synonyms, but examination of the type material in Bishop Museum is required to be sure. However, P. tarsaseta Snyder, 1965 with the intricately modified hind tarsus is no doubt a synonym of P. hirtimana Malloch, 1935 as follows from drawings on Figs 1 – 2 (the bunch of setulae on tar 1 – 3 may look longer or shorter depending on angle of view) and as well from descriptions.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754FFE21FC05F00B9CEABFFA.taxon	description	Fig. 3.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754FFE21FC05F00B9CEABFFA.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. Holotype ♂: INDONESIA, W Papua prov., Lake Habbema, 3350 m asl, 4.14 ° S 138.71 ° E, 26.12.2014, N. Vikhrev. The same locality, 10.12.2017, N. Vikhrev, 1 ♂, 1 ♀.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754FFE21FC05F00B9CEABFFA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. An endemic of the highlands of New Guinea. NOTES ON MALE. This species was known from single male holotype [Vikhrev, 2015], the second collected male generally fits well the description, but some points could be specified. Orbital chaetotaxy should be described as follows: apart from typical 2 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae there are 2 – 3 strong supernumerary inclinate setae and 4 – 6 additional setulae around inclinate setae (1). Chaetotaxy of t 2 of the holotype was described as “ 3 strong pd ”, the second male has 1 ad and 3 pd on left t 2 and 4 pd on right t 2 (2). Additional presutural dc seta is unusually strong for Pygophora, so it is better to describe dc as: 2 + 3 (3). The type locality was indicated as West Papua Province, actually it is Papua Province of Indonesia (4).	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754FFE21FC05F00B9CEABFFA.taxon	description	FEMALE (Fig. 3) of this species was unknown. According to examination of the first female specimen collected in 2017, it differs from male as follows: body length larger: 7.7 mm; wings darkened on anterior half only; t 1 with 2 pv; t 2 with 4 pd and a dense row of 4 – 5 shorter ad setae in middle 1 / 3; t 3 without apical lobe; shape of abdomen typical for Pygophora female, with pointed apex.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754FFE21FC05F00B9CEABFFA.taxon	description	2. The diagnosis given above quite contradicts the description of male P. unicolor by Shinonaga, Tewari [2008] which in my opinion has significant errors: “ upper and lower squama creamy white … f 2 with 2 long bristles on the middle of pv surface … f 3 with a sparse row of long bristles on av surface … ”. The most important error is that the most remarkable character of male P. unicolor, the reduced femoral chaetotaxy is missing. 3. Examination of our material of P. unicolor shows that there are 2 geographical forms which I regard here in the subspecies rank. The nominotypical P. u. unicolor Stein, 1920 is represented by larger specimens and males with all femora basally dark. Crosskey [1962] examined the holotype of P. unicolor (type locality: Indonesia, Java, Wonosobo (7.35 ° S 109.90 ° E, 750 m asl )) and described it as having body length 5 mm and abdomen entirely black. Our specimens from Borneo and Bali belong to the nominotypical subspecies, the geographical reason (Java situating between Bali and Borneo) also confirms it. The South Asian mainland from India to Vietnam is inhabited by a subspecies described below as P. unicolor crosskeyi ssp. n. It has a smaller size and males with mostly or entirely yellow femora.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE26FF7DF5229B32BE77.taxon	description	Figs 5, 8.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE26FF7DF5229B32BE77.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. Holotype ♂: THAILAND, Chiang Mae prov. (Rd. 1095, 5 km E of border with Mae Hong Son prov.), 19.25 ° N 98.64 ° E, 1130 m asl, 15.11.2010, N. Vikhrev. Paratypes, 6 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀: INDIA: Goa state (Margao env.), 15.124 ° N 74.003 ° E, 19.02.2009, K. Tomkovich, 1 ♀; Meghalaya state, Tyrna env., YPTrap, 25.24 ° N 91.67 ° E, 18 – 21.12.2013, K. Tomkovich, 2 ♀♀; W Bengal state, Kalimpong, 27.07 ° N 88.44 ° E, 1 – 11.12.2013, K. Tomkovich, 2 ♀♀. THAILAND: Chanthaburi prov.: Krating Resort env., 12.82 ° N 102.13 ° E, N. Vikhrev: 23.12.2007, 1 ♀; 8.02.2009, 1 ♀; A. Ozerov, 8.02.2009, 1 ♂; N. Vikhrev, 1 – 4.11.2009, 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀; Pong Nam Ron env. (12.92 ° N 102.25 ° E), 20.12.2008, N. Vikhrev, 1 ♀; Chiang Mai prov.: Sop Poeng env., 19.122 ° N 98.805 ° E, 13 – 17.11.2009, N. Vikhrev, 1 ♀; (Rd. 1095, 5 km E of border with Mae Hong Son prov.), 19.25 ° N 98.64 ° E, 1130 m asl, 15.11.2010, N. Vikhrev, 1 ♀; Chonburi prov., Chan Ta Then waterfall, 13.242 ° N 101.045 ° E, 3.02.2009, N. Vikhrev, 1 ♀; Trat prov., Ko Chang Isl., 12.1 ° N 102.3 ° E, 8 – 14.12.2011, N. Vikhrev, 1 ♂. VIETNAM, Lao Cai prov., Lao Cai env., 22.492 ° N 103.897 ° E, 135 m asl, 3.11.2015, D. Gavryushin, 1 ♀.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE26FF7DF5229B32BE77.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. S Asian mainland from India in the west through Thailand to Vietnam in the east.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE26FF7DF5229B32BE77.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Small Pygophora with male femora yellow except for hind one which is more or less darkened in basal half. Paralobe of hypopygium at middle of the inner surface with a characteristic semicircular-shaped process (Fig. 8); sternite 5 as on Fig. 10. P. unicolor crosskeyi ssp. n. differs from the nominotypical P. u. unicolor as follows: — Body length: ♂ — 3.8 – 4.1 mm, ♀ — about 5 mm. ♂: Femora mostly dark, only apical 1 / 4 yellow (Fig. 4). ♀: Abdominal tergites entirely black. Sunda Islands: Borneo, Java and Bali. ................................. P. u. unicolor Stein — Body length: ♂ — 2.9 – 3.2 mm, ♀ — about 4 mm. ♂: Legs yellow, only f 3 more or less darkened in basal 2 / 3 (Fig. 5). ♀: tergites 3 to 5 whitish-grey on posterior margin. S Asian mainland: India, Thailand, Vietnam. ..................................................... P. u. crosskeyi ssp. n. VARIATIONS. 1. One male (Thailand, Trat prov.) and female (Thailand, Chonburi prov.) have all femora and tibiae evenly dark brown. Shinonaga, Tewari [2008] also described their male as “ legs entirely dark brown ”. 2. Three females (Thailand, Chiang Mae; India, Goa and West Bengal) have postpedicel entirely orange-yellow instead of normal brown with a yellowish base.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE26FF7DF5229B32BE77.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. Named in memory of R. W. Crosskey, whose contribution to the study of the genus Pygophora is difficult to overestimate.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE26FE96F00B9E6FBF85.taxon	description	Figs 4, 11. Pygophora unicolor unicolor Stein, 1920. Pygophora unicolor Stein, 1920.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE26FE96F00B9E6FBF85.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL: INDONESIA, Bali prov., Handara Golf Resort, 8.245 ° S 115.160 ° E, 1300 m asl, 17 – 22.12.2016, N. Vikhrev, 1 ♀; Bedugul, 8.272 ° S 115.158 ° E, 1300 m asl, 23 – 27.12.2016, N. Vikhrev, 1 ♀. MALAYSIA, Borneo, Sabah state, Kinabalu Mt. env., 5.977 ° N 116.579 ° E, 1430 m asl: 18 – 25.12.2011, N. Vikhrev, 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; 13 – 17.02.2014, N. Vikhrev, 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE26FE96F00B9E6FBF85.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. Sunda Islands: Borneo, Java, Bali. The below given description of P. yanbulat sp. n. poses a question: if Crosskey’s New Guinean record from Kassam (6.24 ° S 146.00 ° E) was a misidentification of P. yanbulat sp. n. or both species are distributed in New Guinea? Colleagues from Bishop Museum may examine Kassam’s specimen and clarify the situation.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE26FE96F00B9E6FBF85.taxon	discussion	REMARKS. Males from Malaysian Borneo in ZMUM collection seem to be the first known males of nominotypical subspecies of P. u. unicolor. Male genitalia are identical to those of P. u. crosskeyi ssp. n. (Figs 8 and 10), differences between two subspecies are in body size and leg colour of males. Among 11 ♂♂ of P. u. unicolor there is one with remarkable femoral chaetotaxy: setae on f 2 and left f 3 are reduced while right f 3 has 3 pv and 2 av setae almost as strong as in females.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE27FC05F3109B40B970.taxon	description	Figs 6, 7, 9 – 10, 12 – 13.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE27FC05F3109B40B970.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL. Holotype ♂: INDONESIA, Papua prov., Wamena env., Baliem Resort, 2000 m asl, 4.059 ° S 139.032 ° E, 16 – 25.12.2014, N. Vikhrev, 1 ♂. Paratypes, 14 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, the same locality, 11 – 16.12.2017, N. Vikhrev, M. Yanbulat.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE27FC05F3109B40B970.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. MALE (Fig. 6). Body length: 3.2 – 3.7 mm. Head. Frons black, fronto-orbital plates brown, parafacial and face whitish-grey, occiput grey. Frons at least 1 / 3 head width. Anterior facets of eye enlarged. Apart from typical 2 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, fronto-orbital plates with 1 supernumerary inclinate seta (0.3 – 0.6 x as long as strong inclinates) and 1 small setulae near anterior inclinate seta. Antenna dark brown, postpedicel long, falling mouth margin by 0.1 of its length; postpedicel 5 times as long as wide. Arista with 6 (5) upper and 4 (3) lower hairs, these hairs form a sparse rows almost all along the length of arista (i. e. as in P. longipila Stein, 1910, not as in most Pygophora), aristal hairs as long as width of postpedicel (Fig. 12). Palpi yellow with dense black setulae, mentum of proboscis shining black. Thorax black, scutum in anterior view greyish-black, with 3 indistinct black vittae, humeral calli and pleura grey dusted. Typical 1 + 3 strong dc, but one more pair of dc setulae is distinct in front (0.3 – 0.4 x as long as anterior prst dc). Acrostichal setulae in 2 rows, no minute hairs between ac rows present; 1 – 2 pairs of prst ac are distinctly elongated. Wings distinctly and evenly darkened. Calypters brownish, halter yellow. Legs black, but knees yellowish and tibiae more or less brownish, especially fore tibia. f 1 with a row of 9 – 10 strong pv setae and 10 – 12 weak setulae. t 1 with long fine pv (2 – 2.5 x t 1 width). f 2: a row of 6 – 8 a setae in basal half; complete row of av which are in basal half 0.5 – 0.7 x as long as femur width and short in apical half; 3 (2) fine long (1.3 x femur width) pv in basal half and a row of short pv in apical half; 2 preapical pd. t 2 with 2 p setae (1.5 x as long as tibia width). f 3 in basal half with 3 pv, the second one the longest, about 2 x as long as femur width; in apical half with 3 strong av. t 3 with 1 av, 2 ad and 2 pd, all strong 1.5 – 2 x as long as tibia width. Abdomen entirely dark. Anterior margin of tergites dust- ed grey, this dusting is more extensive and distinct on lateral surface; posterior margin of tergites has narrow whitish band. Tergites without specialized bristles; tergite 5 without marked dorsal keel. The paralobe of hypopygium as on Fig. 9; abdominal sternite 5 as on Fig. 10. FEMALE (Fig. 7) differs from male as follows: larger, body length: 3.6 – 4.3 mm; arista with longer hairs; postpedicel shorter, falling mouth margin by 0.25 of its length; scutum in anterior view distinctly grey dusted, with 3 distinct black vittae; calypters whitish; all tibiae brownish; posterior margin of tergites with more extensive whitish band; shape of abdomen typical for Pygophora female, with pointed apex.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE27FC05F3109B40B970.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. Named after the co-collector of the type series and my wife MariaYanbulat, the surname is given in the nominative case as apposition.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE27FC05F3109B40B970.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. P. yanbulat sp. n. differs from other species with entirely black body as follows: — Supernumerary inclinate seta absent. Aristal densely haired in basal half, while apical half hairless (Fig. 11). Frons at middle 1 / 4 or less of head width. ♂: Mid and hind femora without strong setae. Tibiae and apical 1 / 4 of femora yellow, sometimes legs entirely yellow (Figs 4 – 5). At middle of the paralobe of hypopygium on the inner surface there is a characteristic semicircular-shaped process (Fig. 8). ♀: Apical 1 / 4 of femora yellow. Acrostichal with 2 rows of setulae and minute hairs inside. ................................................................ unicolor Stein — Apart from typical 2 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae, fronto-orbital plates with 1 supernumerary inclinate seta. Aristal hairs form a sparse rows almost all along the length of arista (Figs 12). Frons at middle 1 / 3 or more of head width. ♂: Mid and hind femora with setae as strong as in female, femoral setae 1.5 – 2 x as long as width of femora (f 2 with 3 pv; f 3 with 3 pv and 3 av). Legs entirely black or dark brown, only knees yellowish (Fig. 6). The paralobe of hypopygium without inner process at middle (Fig. 9). ♀: Femora entirely black (Fig. 7). Acrostichal setulae in 2 rows, without minute hairs inside. ................................. yanbulat sp. n. The size, body shape and presence of supernumerary inclinate seta P. yanbulat sp. n. reminds P. enigma Crosskey, 1962, which also was collected in Baliem Resort. However, P. enigma has the abdomen mostly and legs entirely yellow; the arista is haired on basal half only; the male genitalia are strongly different.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
0393843A754AFE27FC05F3109B40B970.taxon	biology_ecology	ECOLOGY. The majority of specimens of P. yanbulat sp. n. were collected at forest edge around Baliem Resort, from tree and brush foliage from a height of 1.5 – 3.0 m, some specimens from the Resort garden (Fig. 13). Acknowledgements. I thank Oleg Kosterin (Novosibirsk) for corrections of the text.	en	Vikhrev, N. E. (2019): Notes on taxonomy of Pygophora Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae). Russian Entomological Journal 28 (4): 464-469, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.4.16
