identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0393A87154388E2B56B0FC79B5BFF9F7.text	0393A87154388E2B56B0FC79B5BFF9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora Treitschke 1825	<div><p>Key to the species of Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 in India</p> <p>1. Orbicular and reniform stigma of forewing conjoined along median nervure....................................... 2</p> <p>- Orbicular and reniform stigma not conjoined along median nervure.............................................. 7</p> <p>2. Semilunate annuli present below conjoint orbicular and reniform stigma.......................................... 3</p> <p>- Semilunate annuli absent below conjoint orbicular and reniform stigma.......................................... 6</p> <p>3. Forewing with postmedial band and submarginal line distinct, area between them dark........ P. nobilis Hreblay &amp; Ronkay</p> <p>- Forewing without postmedial band and the submarginal line indistinct........................................... 4</p> <p>4. Hindwing with a broad fuscous terminal band from apex to vein 2.............................................. 5</p> <p>- Hindwing without broad terminal band...................................................... P. costalis (Moore)</p> <p>5. Hindwing golden-ochreous, with an indistinct postmedial line just before the marginal band............................................................................ P. similis Bandyopadhyay, Mallick, Sanyal &amp; Chandra sp. nov.</p> <p>- Hindwing whitish, without postmedial line.......................................... P. humilis Hreblay &amp; Ronkay</p> <p>6. Forewing with a small dark apical streak just below costa.................................. P. meticulodina (Draudt)</p> <p>- Forewing without dark apical streak............................................... P. conservuloides (Hampson)</p> <p>7. Head black.......................................................................................... 8</p> <p>- Head not black...................................................................................... 12</p> <p>8. Thorax with broad white stripes on vertex and patagia.......................................... P. distorta (Moore)</p> <p>- Thorax without any stripes.............................................................................. 9</p> <p>9. Forewing with broad and dark medial band................................................................ 10</p> <p>- Forewing without medial band.................................................. P. szecsenyii Hreblay &amp; Ronkay</p> <p>10. Antemedial band bent outward below cell.................................................... P. sinuata (Moore)</p> <p>- Antemedial band of forewing bent inward below the cell.................................................... 11</p> <p>11. Forewing without submarginal line...................................................... P. albovittata (Moore)</p> <p>- Forewing with submarginal line......................................................... P. pectinata (Warren)</p> <p>12. Upper side of hindwing with medial line.................................................................. 13</p> <p>- Upper side of hindwing without medial line............................................................... 15</p> <p>13. Ventral side of palpi, thorax and abdomen crimson red....................................... P. subpurpurea Leech</p> <p>- Ventral side of palpi, thorax and abdomen not red........................................................... 14</p> <p>14. Postmedial line of forewing single...................................................... P. calamistrata (Moore)</p> <p>- Postmedial line of forewing treble..................................................... P. plumbeola (Hampson)</p> <p>15. Forewing with postmedial line double, black, filled in with golden............................ P. striatovirens (Moore)</p> <p>- Forewing with postmedial line indistinct................................................. P. discisignata (Moore)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154388E2B56B0FC79B5BFF9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154388E2A56B0F895B29BFD14.text	0393A87154388E2A56B0F895B29BFD14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora nobilis Hreblay & Ronkay 1998	<div><p>Phlogophora nobilis Hreblay &amp; Ronkay, 1998</p> <p>[Fig. 3, 23, 24]</p> <p>Phlogophora nobilis Hreblay &amp; Ronkay, 1998, in Haruta, Tinea, 15: 259.</p> <p>Type locality: Nangethanti, Annapurna Himal [Nepal].</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♀, Sikkim, Dist. West Sikkim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22087/lat 27.37864)">Yuksom</a>, 27.37864° N, 088.22087° E, 1879 m, 23. XI. 2019; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1/lat 27.1147)">Manedara</a>, 27.1147° N, 088.1000° E, 2168 m, 19. X. 2018; 1 ♀, 27. X. 2018; 1 ♂, 29. X. 2018; coll.A. K. Sanyal &amp; team; 2 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.09071&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.07071" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.09071/lat 27.07071)">Palamajua</a>, 27.07071° N, 088.09071° E, 1909 m, 03. XI. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 38–40 mm, female: 40–42 mm. P. nobilis differs from P. costalis and P. humilis in having the typical purplish brown head and thorax, and pinkish costal stripe of the forewing. Moreover, brownish-olive green ground colour of forewing and less sinuous and interrupted submarginal pale line are also diagnostic features.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Male genitalia of this species is very unique with elongated valva having a constriction below cucullus. Sacculus broad with heavily sclerotised claw-like process, the outer part of which is bifid and the inner part is short, inwardly bent. The clasper of the harpe is relatively less sclerotised, apically long and thumb-like; aedeagus vesica long without any scobination or cornuti.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Sikkim, West Bengal. Global: Nepal (Hreblay &amp; Ronkay 1998).</p> <p>Note: The species is being reported for the first time from India.</p> <p>Bionomics: Probably a very rare and range-restricted species known only from Central Himalaya, recorded in an altitudinal zone of 1900–2500 m, preferably in Wet Temperate and Mixed Coniferous Forest. Individuals were active during post-monsoon months of October–November within a very narrow annual mean temperature and annual precipitation range of 14–15 ºC and 2300–2500 mm respectively.</p> <p>NCBI GenBank accession No.: MT219970</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154388E2A56B0F895B29BFD14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154398E2A56B0FD7CB400F858.text	0393A87154398E2A56B0FD7CB400F858.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora costalis (Moore 1882)	<div><p>Phlogophora costalis (Moore, 1882)</p> <p>[Fig. 4, 25, 26]</p> <p>Chutapha costalis Moore, 1882, Descr. Indian Lep. Atkinson, (2): 131. [Type species of Chutapha]</p> <p>Euplexia olivacea Leech, 1900, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (1): 84.</p> <p>Chutapha costalis Moore: Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 495.</p> <p>Chutapha olivacea (Leech): Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 496.</p> <p>Phlogophora costalis (Moore): Yoshimoto, 1992, in Haruta, Tinea, 13: 59.</p> <p>Phlogophora costalis (Moore): Fibiger &amp; Hacker, 2007, Noct. Eur., 9: 186.</p> <p>Type locality: Darjiling [=Darjeeling, India, West Bengal].</p> <p>Material examined: India: 3 ♂♂, Uttarakhand, Dist. Pithoragarh, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.39719&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.92121" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.39719/lat 29.92121)">Jimjhini</a>, 29.92121° N, 080.39719° E, 2627 m, 18. VI. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, Sikkim, Dist. West Sikkim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22087/lat 27.37864)">Yuksom</a>, 27.37864° N, 088.22087° E, 1879 m, 19. XI. 2019; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.11189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.99126" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.11189/lat 26.99126)">Chitre</a>, 26.99126° N, 088.11189° E, 2295 m, 15. V. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.08314&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0327" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.08314/lat 27.0327)">Meghma</a>, 27.03270° N, 088.08314° E, 2971 m, 18. V. 2018; 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.0336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0509" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.0336/lat 27.0509)">Gairibas</a>, 27.05090° N, 088.03360° E, 2494 m, 21. V. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, Arunachal Pradesh, Dist. Dibang Valley, Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.96115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.76411" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.96115/lat 28.76411)">Anini</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.96115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.76411" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.96115/lat 28.76411)">Amika</a>, 28.76411° N, 095.96115° E, 3070 m, 05. VI. 2018; coll. S. Gayen &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 38–40 mm. This species closely resembles P. humilis but can be distinguished by relatively less elongated forewing and the pale olive-green forewing ground colour with paler costal border. Fresh specimens are with more prominent olive-green suffusion. However, P. costalis can be distinctly told apart from humilis by having an indistinct postmedial line just before the marginal dark suffusion of hindwing.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Uncus narrow, hook shaped; valva spindle shaped with typical harpe-digitus complex which is characterized by a slender, distally bent harpe and a triangular digitus from the middle of valva extended beyond the saccular margin; aedeagus vesica moderately scobinate with a patch of minute cornuti.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh (Moore 1882; Kirti et al. 2014).</p> <p>Global: Nepal, China (Leech 1900; Yoshimoto 1992).</p> <p>Bionomics: Distributed from Western to Eastern Himalaya, preferably within a wide altitudinal range of 1500–3000 m with annual mean temperature of 9–16 ºC and annual precipitation of 1100– 2600 mm. Individuals were active all through the year mainly in Wet Temperate Forest and rarely up to sub-alpine zone in Eastern Himalaya, with population blooms detected in May and October.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154398E2A56B0FD7CB400F858	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154348E2756B0FEA9B50BF897.text	0393A87154348E2756B0FEA9B50BF897.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora similis Bandyopadhyay, Mallick, Sanyal & Chandra 2021	<div><p>Phlogophora similis Bandyopadhyay, Mallick, Sanyal &amp; Chandra sp. nov.</p> <p>[Fig. 19–22, 51–54]</p> <p>Type material: Holotype: India: ♂, West Bengal, Dist. Kalimpong, Neora Valley National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.6512&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1073" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.6512/lat 27.1073)">Rishap</a>, 27.1073° N, 088.6512° E, 2136 m, 05. IX. 2016; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>Paratypes: 3 ♂♂, same locality as holotype.</p> <p>Type repository: National Zoological Collection (NZC), ZSI (Reg. no. HT: 7591/H10; PT: 7592/H10)</p> <p>Description: Wing expanse: 38–40 mm. Head and thorax ochreous, tinged with olive-green, vertex and patagia with dark olive green hairs; junction of each segment of legs yellow-ringed; antenna ciliated, overall brown with one-third of dorsal side ochreous, basal segment bright ochreous; palpi porrect, ochreous, dark brown at sides; abdomen ochreous, segments with fuscous suffusion, underside darker; forewing with ground colour olive-green, apically elongated with ochreous costal fascia having prominent markings of transverse lines; subbasal line up to the submedian fold, black, double and crenulate; antemedial line double, oblique, indistinct; an olive-brown triangular patch in area between subbasal and antemedial line not touching inner margin; orbicular and reniform ochreous, inner part with olive scales, upper part open, bordered with black, lower part conjoined to a semilunate ochreous patch below median nervure; ‘U’ shaped dark olive-brown patch below that up to vein 1; area between orbicular and reniform dark olive-brown; area beyond reniform with a kidney shaped black bordered olive patch; postmedial line double, crenulate, indistinct, angled inward and dark brown above vein 7; pale, dark-bordered, olive-brown submarginal line highly angled at vein 7 and vein 2, oblique in between; a marginal black line; area between submarginal and marginal line purplish. Hind wing golden-ochreous with a broad fuscous submarginal band, preceded by indistinct, pale postmedial line. Cilia of both wings olive-brown with a fine white line through them.</p> <p>Forewing underside dark suffused with traces of postmedial line; inner margin and submarginal line pale ochreous. Hindwing underside pale, costal area black speckled with traces of dark postmedial line which becomes obsolete towards anal angle.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Uncus long, distally broadened and spatulate; valva medio-ventrally broad with a bulge at the saccular margin and forming a prominent constriction below cucullus, narrow at apex; cucullus with strong corona, costa moderately sclerotised with a medial sharp but small projection dividing the costal margin in to two prominent crescents; terminally slightly bent long harpe, digitus broad, ear-shaped, not exceeding the costal margin, basal plate of harpe moderately sclerotised; vinculum ‘V’ shaped, sacculus bulbous with moderate sclerotization at dorsal margin; juxta pointed with apical sclerotization; aedeagus long, slender, sclerotised carinal region; vesica long with a large conical subterminal diverticulum; a large strongly sclerotised subterminal scobinate area opposite to the diverticulum with numerous minute cornuti.</p> <p>Female: Unknown.</p> <p>Diagnosis: The new species is definitely allied to P. costalis and P. humilis. All the three species are apparently indistinguishable in their wing pattern and coloration. The golden-ochreous hind wing with indistinct postmedial line of P. similis sp. nov. is the only distinguishing feature from its allied species.</p> <p>In the male genitalia, the new species varies hugely with its siblings. The key features being the distally broad and spatulate uncus where it is narrow in case of both P. costalis and P. humilis; valva is medio-ventrally broad with narrow cucullus compared to sickle shaped in humilis and spindle shaped in costalis; the harpe is longer compared to both the siblings and the digitus is ear-shaped compared to triangular in costalis and small spine-like in humilis; the aedeagus is also comparatively longer and slender. The conical subterminal diverticulum of the vesica of P. similis sp. nov. is absent in costalis, whereas, the minute cornuti of subterminal scobinated patch is lacking in humilis.</p> <p>Distribution: India: West Bengal (Dist. Kalimpong).</p> <p>Bionomics: Probably a very range-restricted species recorded only from Neora Valley National Park at around 2100 m altitude, in Sub-tropical Wet Hill Forest receiving 2600 mm annual precipitation with 14.6 ºC annual mean temperature. Individuals were collected in the month of September when the average trap night temperature and average trap night humidity were 17.2 ºC and 92.32% respectively.</p> <p>Etymology: The name of the new species refers to its apparently similar wing pattern with the closely allied “ costalis ” group of species, all having names ending with suffix “ lis ” including P. humilis and P. nobilis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154348E2756B0FEA9B50BF897	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154308E2356B0FEA9B186FC5B.text	0393A87154308E2356B0FEA9B186FC5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora humilis Hreblay & Ronkay 1998	<div><p>Phlogophora humilis Hreblay &amp; Ronkay, 1998</p> <p>[Fig. 5, 27, 28]</p> <p>Phlogophora humilis Hreblay &amp; Ronkay, 1998, in Haruta, Tinea, 15: 259.</p> <p>Type locality: Lal Kharka, Taplejung area [Nepal].</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♂, Sikkim, Dist. West Sikkim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22087/lat 27.37864)">Yuksom</a>, 27.37864° N, 088.22087° E, 1879 m, 23. XI. 2019; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1/lat 27.1147)">Manedara</a>, 27.1147° N, 088.1000° E, 2168 m, 19. X. 2018; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 29. X. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team; 2 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.09071&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.07071" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.09071/lat 27.07071)">Palamajua</a>, 27.07071° N, 088.09071° E, 1909 m, 03. XI. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 36–40 mm, female: 38–40 mm. Almost similar to P. costalis and very difficult to separate from outer morphology. Head, thorax and forewing darker olive-green. The hind wing is much whitish compared to costalis and have a prominent submarginal dark band lacking the postmedial line before it.</p> <p>Male genitalia: In P. humilis, the male genitalia differ widely from costalis having a much longer and narrower sickle-shaped valva with an acute and curved apex. Shorter, basally inflated harpe and elongated ampulla not crossing the saccular margin are typical to the species. Aedeagus vesica long, with a subterminal scobinated patch.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Sikkim, West Bengal (Hreblay &amp; Ronkay 1998). Global: Nepal (Hreblay &amp; Ronkay 1998).</p> <p>Bionomics: Distribution restricted to Central Himalaya, preferably within an altitudinal range of 1900–2500 m, with an annual mean temperature and annual precipitation range of 9–14 ºC and 2300–2500 mm respectively. The species was mainly recorded in wet Temperate and mixed Coniferous forests in the postmonsoon months of October and November.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154308E2356B0FEA9B186FC5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154308E2356B0FA3BB2E3F81E.text	0393A87154308E2356B0FA3BB2E3F81E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora meticulodina (Draudt 1950)	<div><p>Phlogophora meticulodina (Draudt, 1950)</p> <p>[Fig. 6, 29, 30]</p> <p>Trigonophora meticulodina Draudt, 1950, Mitt. Munchn. Ent. Ges., 40: 104.</p> <p>Phlogophora meticulodina (Draudt): Hreblay &amp; Ronkay, 1998, in Haruta, Tinea, 15: 260.</p> <p>Type locality: Li-kiang [China, Yunnan]</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♀, Uttarakhand, Dist. Uttarkashi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.39939&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.13592" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.39939/lat 31.13592)">Govind National Park</a>, Har-Ki-Dun, 31.13592° N, 078.39939° E, 3400 m, 17. VI. 2012; 1 ♂, 31.04347° N, 078.26258° E, 3200 m, 22. VI. 2012; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team; 1 ♀, Dist. Chamoli, Valley of Flowers National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=79.59398&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.7012" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 79.59398/lat 30.7012)">Ghangaria</a>, 30.70120° N, 079.59398° E, 3103 m, 15. VI. 2017; coll. S. K. Sajan.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 42–44 mm, Female: 40–42 mm. Forewing apically much elongated with pinkish tinge; differs from very similar South-Pacific species P. beatrix as forewing with dark brown apical streak instead of marginal dark lunules; submarginal line black filled below vein 7 which is pale in beatrix. Hindwing pale with ochreous submarginal line; a prominent black marginal line is present in beatrix which is lacking in meticulodina.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Uncus long, beak-shaped; valva moderately developed with sclerotised costal area and membranous saccular margin, presence of long, slender harpe and less developed ampulla, the basal plate of harpe is highly sclerotised, broad with acute apex and fused with distal part of sacculus; aedeagus with long coiled vesica without any scobinations.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Uttarakhand. Global: Pakistan, Nepal, China (Draudt 1950; Hreblay and Ronkay 1998; Bálint et al. 2014).</p> <p>Note: This species is being reported for the first time from India.</p> <p>Bionomics: Probably the rarest among all the Indian Phlogophora, the species is altitudinally very restricted, never observed below 3000 m, upper range being 3800 m recorded in Nepal. Collected mostly from sub-alpine and alpine habitats composed of Birch-Fir- Rhododendron patches. The seasonality of the species is also very specific, always recorded in the month of June within a narrow range of annual mean temperature and annual precipitation of 4.6–7 ºC and 1300–1700 mm respectively.</p> <p>NCBI GenBank accession No.: MT188152.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154308E2356B0FA3BB2E3F81E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154318E2256B0FEA9B47EFAC4.text	0393A87154318E2256B0FEA9B47EFAC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora conservuloides (Hampson 1898)	<div><p>Phlogophora conservuloides (Hampson, 1898)</p> <p>[Fig. 7, 31, 32]</p> <p>Euplexia conservuloides Hampson, 1898, J. Bomb. Soc., 11: 443.</p> <p>Chutapha conservuloides (Hampson): Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 493.</p> <p>Phlogophora conservuloides (Hampson): Yoshimoto, 1992, in Haruta, Tinea, 13: 59.</p> <p>Type locality: Sikkim [India]</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♂, Himachal Pradesh, Dist. Kullu, Great Himalayan National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.35873&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.73912" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.35873/lat 31.73912)">Thathi</a>, 31.73912° N, 077.35873° E, 2917 m, 08. IX. 2016; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.47989&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.78673" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.47989/lat 31.78673)">Shakti Waterfall</a>, 31.78673° N, 077.47989° E, 2200 m, 27. V. 2018; coll. K. Mallick &amp; team. 1 ♂, Dist. Kangra, Dharamshala, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.28016&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.22809" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.28016/lat 32.22809)">Maniyana</a>, 32.22809° N, 076.28016° E, 995 m, 27. X. 2018; coll. A. Raha &amp; team.</p> <p>4 ♂♂, Uttarakhand, Dist. Pithoragarh, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.4001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.91782" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.4001/lat 29.91782)">Gowalghat</a>, 29.91782° N, 080.40010° E, 2462 m, 16. VI. 2018; 2 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.39719&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.92121" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.39719/lat 29.92121)">Jimjhini</a>, 29.92121° N, 080.39719° E, 2627 m, 18. VI. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>2 ♂♂, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.11189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.99126" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.11189/lat 26.99126)">Chitre</a>, 26.99126° N, 088.11189° E, 2295 m, 15. V. 2018; 2 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.08314&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0327" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.08314/lat 27.0327)">Meghma</a>, 27.03270° N, 088.08314° E, 2971 m, 19. V. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.01698&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.07387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.01698/lat 27.07387)">Kalpokhri</a>, 27.07387° N, 088.01698° E, 3000 m, 24. V. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1/lat 27.1147)">Manedara</a>, 27.1147° N, 088.1000° E, 2168 m, 01. XI. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 32–34 mm, female: 30–32 mm. In forewing, a prominent black speck between subbasal and antemedial line; submarginal line dark brown in colour between vein 7 and vein 3 particularly, otherwise indistinct and pale; prominent black postmedial line which is double above vein 4; medial area with a chocolate brown triangular patch conjoining the lower part of orbicular and reniform, continuing up to middle of inner margin; area between orbicular and reniform dark chocolate brown. Hindwing pale; cilia brown preceded by a fine ochreous line; underside of both wings paler with pinkish tinge; visible postmedial lines.</p> <p>Male genitalia: The main characteristic feature is that the valva is narrow compared to its congeners and is long, pointed, sickle-shaped; harpe short, curved, horn-like, and the digitus small, blunt; aedeagus with two ridges of minute spines in carinal region.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh (Hampson 1898; Kirti et al. 2014). Global: Nepal, China, Taiwan (Yoshimoto 1992).</p> <p>Bionomics: Recorded throughout North-Western to Eastern Himalaya, the species is active in the widest altitudinal range among all the Himalayan Phlogophora from 1000–3000 m, in a variety of forested habitats from Chir Pine to sub-alpine. Individuals were active in all the seasons with a peak in the month of May in areas receiving an annual precipitation of 1100–2500 mm and annual mean temperature of 10.1–19.9 ºC.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154318E2256B0FEA9B47EFAC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154318E2156B0FB4DB0D3FD60.text	0393A87154318E2156B0FB4DB0D3FD60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora distorta (Moore 1881)	<div><p>Phlogophora distorta (Moore, 1881)</p> <p>[Fig. 8, 33, 34]</p> <p>Euplexia distorta Moore, 1881, Proc. Zool. Soc.: 354.</p> <p>Trachea distorta (Moore): Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 121.</p> <p>Phlogophora distorta (Moore): Yoshimoto, 1992, in Haruta, Tinea, 13:59.</p> <p>Phlogophora distorta (Moore): Kononenko &amp; Pinratana, 2013, Moths of Thailand, 3 (2): 328.</p> <p>Type locality: Darjeeling [India, West Bengal]</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♂, Uttarakhand, Dist. Pithoragarh, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.40338&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.91398" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.40338/lat 29.91398)">Gowalghat</a>, 29.91398° N, 080.40338° E, 2248 m, 04. VI. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team;</p> <p>1 ♀, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.11189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.99126" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.11189/lat 26.99126)">Chitre</a>, 26.99126° N, 088.11189° E, 2295 m, 15. V. 2018; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.08993&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.01586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.08993/lat 27.01586)">Meghma</a>, 27.01586° N, 088.08993° E, 2733 m, 18. V. 2018; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.0336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0509" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.0336/lat 27.0509)">Gairibas</a>, 27.05090° N, 088.03360° E, 2494 m, 21. V. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.9877" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1194/lat 26.9877)">Manebhanjan</a>, 26.9877° N, 088.1194° E, 1975 m, 16. X. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.07441&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.13034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.07441/lat 27.13034)">Sirikhola</a>, 27.13034° N, 088.07441° E, 1914 m, 17. X. 2018, 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1141" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1105/lat 27.1141)">Rimbik</a>, 27.1141° N, 088.1105° E, 1905 m, 18. X 2018; 3 ♂♂, Palama- jua, 27.07071° N, 088.09071° E, 1909 m, 03. XI. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1/lat 27.1147)">Manedara</a>, 27.1147° N, 088.1000° E, 2168 m, 04. XI. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 32–34 mm, female: 28–30 mm. The species has distinct white tipped palpi, ciliated antenna with white basal tufts and black collar with continuous outlying patches of broad golden-white hairs. It is distinctly recognizable by its zigzag black patterns on white forewing. A trapezoid black patch on middle of costa minutely conjoined with an irregular black patch starting from lower angle of cell to inner margin; a big black triangular patch on costa just before apex; a submarginal elongated black patch with crenulate outer margin, not touching apex.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Uncus moderately long, hook-shaped; juxta broad, apically narrow, moderately sclerotised with a small triangular sclerotised projection at the middle; valva long, spindle-shaped with one distally curved harpe, cucullus with prominent corona; aedeagus vesica with scattered patches of small cornuti.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal (Moore 1881). Global: Nepal, Thailand (Yoshimoto 1992; Kononenko &amp; Pinratana 2013).</p> <p>Bionomics: Distributed from Western to Central Himalaya, preferably within altitudinal zone of 1900–2700 m, in Wet Temperate and Mixed Coniferous forests with an annual mean temperature range of 12–16 ºC and average annual precipitation of 1700–2700 mm. Individuals were recorded in both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon months.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154318E2156B0FB4DB0D3FD60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154328E2156B0FCE8B298F9C6.text	0393A87154328E2156B0FCE8B298F9C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora szecsenyii Hreblay & Ronkay 1998	<div><p>Phlogophora szecsenyii Hreblay &amp; Ronkay, 1998</p> <p>[Fig. 9, 35, 36]</p> <p>Phlogophora szecsenyii Hreblay &amp; Ronkay, 1998, Esperiana, 6: 148.</p> <p>Phlogophora szecsenyii Hreblay &amp; Ronkay: Kononenko &amp; Pinratana, 2013, Moths of Thailand, 3 (2): 327.</p> <p>Type locality: Anpan, Deorali Tanda [Nepal].</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♂, Sikkim, Dist. West Sikkim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22087/lat 27.37864)">Yuksom</a>, 27.37864° N, 088.22087° E, 1879 m, 23. XI. 2019; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 23–25 mm. A remarkably small species relative to its congeners. The species is readily identifiable by its blackish-grey ground colour of the forewings with distinctive white reniform. Multiple subbasal and postmedial golden transverse lines; the outer margin suffused with grey with prominent golden marginal specks. The species is also very similar to P. plumbeola but differs in being much smaller in size and darker in colour.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Valve spindle-shaped with the clasper being much sclerotised, long thumb-like and a small spine like digitus in the sclerotised costal region; sacculus with a half circular convex ridge of small organized spines instead of multiple irregular ones like P. plumbeola.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Sikkim. Global: Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam (Kononenko &amp; Pinratana 2013).</p> <p>Note: This species is being reported for the first time from India.</p> <p>Bionomics: A rare species in Himalaya, recorded only from Central Himalayan zone of Nepal and Sikkim, in a very narrow altitudinal range of 1800–2000 m, preferably in Wet Temperate Forest. Single individual was observed during post-monsoon month of November with an annual mean temperature of 15.6 ºC and an annual precipitation of 2300 mm.</p> <p>NCBI GenBank accession No.: MT188151</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154328E2156B0FCE8B298F9C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154328E2056B0F84DB483FD85.text	0393A87154328E2056B0F84DB483FD85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora sinuata (Moore 1882)	<div><p>Phlogophora sinuata (Moore, 1882)</p> <p>[Fig. 10]</p> <p>Euplexia sinuata Moore, 1882, Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson, (2): 125.</p> <p>Euplexia sinuata Moore: Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 220.</p> <p>Phlogophora sinuata (Moore): Yoshimoto, 1994, in Haruta, Tinea, 14: 110.</p> <p>Type locality: Darjeeling [India, West Bengal]</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♂, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.0336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0509" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.0336/lat 27.0509)">Gairibas</a>, 27.05090° N, 088.03360° E, 2494 m, 21. V. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 34 mm. The species is typically characterized by the distinct whitish sinuous antemedial band strongly angled outward below the cell, and thus can be differentiated with the closely related P. albovittata and P. pectinata, which have the antemedial white band bent inward below the cell. The basal area of forewing is much darker and wider, thus the antemedial band is relatively narrower compared to other two species. A small ochreous patch in the basal area and a distinct large ochreous patch beyond the reniform. Submarginal line sinuous, complete, defined by black in inner side and purplish-grey at outer side as in pectinata while albovittata lacks the submarginal line.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Unfortunately, the male genitalia structure could not be examined as the abdomen of the single collected specimen was unavailable.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Sikkim, West Bengal (Moore 1882; Hampson 1908). Global: Nepal (Yoshimoto 1994).</p> <p>Bionomics: A very rare species, restricted to the Central Himalaya and till date only recorded from Nepal on a single occasion after its description. One single individual was captured from the adjacent area of the type locality in the pre-monsoon month of May. The species is only reported around 2500 m altitude in the Wet Temperate forests at an average trap night temperature of 12.24 ºC and average trap night humidity of 93.67%.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154328E2056B0F84DB483FD85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154338E3F56B0FC8CB4C8FE11.text	0393A87154338E3F56B0FC8CB4C8FE11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora albovittata (Moore 1867)	<div><p>Phlogophora albovittata (Moore, 1867)</p> <p>[Fig. 11, 37, 38]</p> <p>Euplexia albovittata Moore, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc.: 57.</p> <p>Euplexia albovittata Moore: Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 226.</p> <p>Phlogophora albovittata (Moore): Holloway, 1989, Malay. Nat. J., 42 (2–3): 57–225.</p> <p>Phlogophora albovittata (Moore): Kononenko &amp; Pinratana, 2013, Moths of Thailand, 3 (2): 327.</p> <p>Type locality: Darjeeling [India, West Bengal]</p> <p>Material examined: India: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Sikkim, Dist. West Sikkim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22087/lat 27.37864)">Yuksom</a>, 27.37864° N, 088.22087° E, 1879 m, 19. XI. 2019; 1 ♀, 22. XI. 2019; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 23. XI. 2019; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37947" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22678/lat 27.37947)">Khoyngtey</a>, 27.37947° N, 088.22678° E, 1950 m, 28. XI. 2019; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.60463&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.25722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.60463/lat 27.25722)">Begha</a>, 27.25722° N, 088.60463° E, 1596 m, 07. XII. 2019; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Dist. North Sikkim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.60463&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.65842" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.60463/lat 27.65842)">Rabum</a>, 27.65842° N, 088.60463° E, 2000 m, 13. XII. 2019; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.07441&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.13034" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.07441/lat 27.13034)">Sirikhola</a>, 27.13034° N, 088.07441° E, 1914 m, 12. VIII. 2016; 2 ♂♂, 17. X. 2018; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.11189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.99126" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.11189/lat 26.99126)">Chitre</a>, 26.99126° N, 088.11189° E, 2295 m, 15. V. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.08314&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0327" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.08314/lat 27.0327)">Meghma</a>, 27.03270° N, 088.08314° E, 2971 m, 19. V. 2018; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.0336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0509" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.0336/lat 27.0509)">Gairibas</a>, 27.05090° N, 088.03360° E, 2494 m, 21. V. 2018; 2 ♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.0202&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.16998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.0202/lat 27.16998)">Molley Camp</a>, 27.16998° N, 088.0202° E, 3510 m, 26. V. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.01698&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.07387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.01698/lat 27.07387)">Kalpokhri</a>, 27.07387° N, 088.01698° E, 3000 m, 24. V. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.9877" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1194/lat 26.9877)">Manebhanjan</a>, 26.9877° N, 088.1194° E, 1975 m, 16. X. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1/lat 27.1147)">Manedara</a>, 27.1147° N, 088.1° E, 2168 m, 27. X. 2018; 1 ♂, 29. X. 2018; 2 ♂♂, 30. X. 2018; 1 ♂, 31. X. 2018; 1 ♂, 04. XI. 2018; 1 ♀, 07. XI. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.09071&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.07071" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.09071/lat 27.07071)">Palamajua</a>, 27.07071° N, 088.09071° E, 1909 m, 03. XI. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.00525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1189/lat 27.00525)">Khopidara</a>, 27.00525° N, 088.1189° E, 2054 m, 06. XI. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, Arunachal Pradesh, Dist. Dibang Valley, Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.1598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.68275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.1598/lat 28.68275)">Malini Camp</a>, 28.68275° N, 095.15980° E, 1870 m, 28. X. 2017; 1 ♂, 29. X. 2017; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.80807&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.96387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.80807/lat 28.96387)">Mipi</a>, 28.96387° N, 095.80807° E, 1552 m, 31. X. 2017; coll. N. Singh; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.81697&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.93824" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.81697/lat 28.93824)">Brango</a>, 28.93824° N, 095.81697° E, 1467 m, 09. IV. 2018; coll. R. Ranjan.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 38–40 mm, female: 34–36 mm. The species has distinct white tipped palpi, ciliated antenna with white basal tufts and completely blackish-brown thorax. It is characterized by typical silverywhite forewing with chocolate-brown suffusion; basal area irregularly black-brown; a broad antemedial irregular white band dentate inwardly below cell; medial band broad, chocolate-brown; orbicular blackish and reniform white. The species is almost similar to Bornean P. nigroplumbea (Warren, 1912) which differs from it by having a continuous dark grey forewing costa extended up to the distal edge of reniform, whereas in albovittata, the area is broken above reniform with the extension of white colour of the reniform, leaving only a few dark speckling.</p> <p>Male genitalia: The male genitalia of the species is characterized by spindle shaped valva with relatively short but strong harpe and less sclerotised digitus; the aedeagus vesica is characterized by one circular ridge of upwardly directed spines. The notable difference with nigroplumbea can be observed in the scobinated patch of vesica being present in opposite direction (Holloway 1989).</p> <p>Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu (Moore 1867; Cotes &amp; Swinhoe 1888; Hampson 1894; Kirti et al. 2014). Global: Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java), Japan, Korea (Cotes &amp; Swinhoe 1888; Leech 1900; Dudgeon 1905; Hampson 1908; Roepke 1948; Lin 1993; Kononenko &amp; Pinratana 2013).</p> <p>Bionomics: Most widely distributed among all the Indian Phlogophora, ranging throughout the Himalayas (except Trans-Himalaya), North-Eastern Hills and Western Ghats, in wide habitat types ranging from Evergreen, Temperate and Coniferous forests. In Himalaya, the species is recorded in the altitudinal zone of 1450–3500 m, receiving annual precipitation of 1300–2700 mm and annual mean temperature of 8–16 ºC. The species was recorded in all three major seasons of the year with maximum abundance in October–November.</p> <p>NCBI GenBank accession No.: MT219962, MT219963, MT219964, MT219967, MT219969</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154338E3F56B0FC8CB4C8FE11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A871542C8E3F56B0FC78B110F885.text	0393A871542C8E3F56B0FC78B110F885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora pectinata (Warren 1888)	<div><p>Phlogophora pectinata (Warren, 1888)</p> <p>[Fig. 12, 39, 40]</p> <p>Euplexia pectinata Warren, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc.: 308.</p> <p>Euplexia pectinata Warren: Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 221.</p> <p>Phlogophora pectinata (Warren): Yoshimoto, 1994, in Haruta, Tinea, 14: 110.</p> <p>Type locality: Thundiani [Pakistan]</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♀, Himachal Pradesh, Dist. Kullu, Great Himalayan National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.46146&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.75618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.46146/lat 31.75618)">Dhel</a>, 31.75618° N, 077.46146° E, 3567 m, 29. VIII. 2016; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.35765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.76558" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.35765/lat 31.76558)">Ropa</a> FRH, 31.76558° N, 077.35765° E, 1515 m, 19. IX. 2019; coll. K. Mallick &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, 1 ♀, Uttarakhand, Dist. Chamoli, Valley of Flowers National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=79.59402&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.70122" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 79.59402/lat 30.70122)">Ghangaria</a>, 30.70122° N, 079.59402° E, 3128 m, 28. VIII. 2016; coll. H. Kumar.</p> <p>1 ♀, Sikkim, Dist. West Sikkim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22087/lat 27.37864)">Yuksom</a>, 27.37864° N, 088.22087° E, 1879 m, 20. XI. 2019, 1 ♀, 23. XI. 2019; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.08993&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.01586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.08993/lat 27.01586)">Meghma</a>, 27.01586° N, 088.08993° E, 2733 m, 18. V. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♀, Arunachal Pradesh, Dist. Tawang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.71025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.52915" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.71025/lat 27.52915)">Lumla</a>, 27.52915° N, 091.71025° E, 2427 m, 14. IX. 2016; coll. J. Saini; 2 ♀♀, Dist. Dibang Valley, Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.90814&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.23309" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.90814/lat 28.23309)">Mayodia</a>, 28.23309° N, 095.90814° E, 2463 m, 29. XII. 2016; coll. S. Gayen; 3 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.1598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.68275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.1598/lat 28.68275)">Malini Camp</a>, 28.68275° N, 095.15980° E, 1870 m, 27. XI. 2017; 1 ♂, 28. XI. 2017; coll. N. Singh.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 32–34 mm, female: 34–36 mm. P. pectinata is typically identified by the pectinated antenna in males, whereas in female it is filiform. It closely resembles P. albovittata in outer morphology. The major differences are observed in the forewing of the two species having a distinct black spot conjoined with the basal patch in case of albovittata whereas it is disjunct from the basal area in pectinata; the submarginal sinuous line is distinctly defined in pectinata whereas it is completely absent in albovittata. Hindwing completely fuscous unlike albovittata where the basal and inner area are whitish.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Uncus short; valva spindle shaped; harpe and digitus longer compared to albovittata; the vesica is typically characterized by well distributed patch of small cornuti.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana, Tamil Nadu (Hampson 1908). Global: Pakistan, Nepal (Warren 1888; Yoshimoto 1994).</p> <p>Bionomics: Widely distributed species ranging throughout Himalayas from North-Western to Eastern Himalaya, Western Ghats and Semi-Arid region, preferably in the altitudinal zone of 1500–3500 m in Himalaya, in wide ranging habitat types from Chir Pine Forest to sub-alpine Birch- Rhododendron Forest. The species was recorded from a comparatively broad range of mean annual temperature from 4.6–16 ºC and an annual precipitation range of 1000–2300 mm. Although recorded throughout the year, maximum abundance was detected mainly in the month of November.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A871542C8E3F56B0FC78B110F885	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A871542E8E3D56B0FEA9B43AFB8B.text	0393A871542E8E3D56B0FEA9B43AFB8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora subpurpurea Leech 1900	<div><p>Phlogophora subpurpurea Leech, 1900</p> <p>[Fig. 13, 14, 41, 42]</p> <p>Phlogophora subpurpurea Leech, 1900, Trans. Ent. Soc., 48: 71.</p> <p>Trigonophora subpurpurea (Leech): Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 490.</p> <p>Phlogophora subpurpurea Leech: Yoshimoto, 1994, in Haruta, Tinea, 14: 110.</p> <p>Type locality: Ta-Chien-lu [China, Sichuan]</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♀, Himachal Pradesh, Dist. Kullu, Great Himalayan National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.49486&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.78847" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.49486/lat 31.78847)">Shakti</a>, 31.78847° N, 077.49486° E, 2258 m, 30. VIII. 2016; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team;</p> <p>1 ♀, Uttarakhand, Dist. Uttarkashi, Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.99303&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.12172" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.99303/lat 31.12172)">Changsil</a>, 31.12172° N, 077.99303° E, 3200 m, 15. VII. 2012; 3 ♂♂, Dist. Pithoragarh, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.38988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.92711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.38988/lat 29.92711)">Vayman</a>, 29.92711° N, 080.38988° E, 3065 m, 03. VII. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 58–60 mm, female: 46–48 mm. Similar to P. meticulodina but easily distinguishable by the scarlet red coloration of underside of palpi, thorax and abdomen; forewing much darker, rufous brown with purplish suffusion, markings dark chocolate brown; orbicular, reniform and lower half of postmedial line marked with purplish white; a narrow silvery-grey line originating from a same coloured apical patch along outer margin which becomes obsolete in the middle. Hindwing pale brown with flesh coloured tinge; outer margin greyish; underside of both wings crimson red with prominent postmedial lines.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Uncus hook shaped; valva apically narrow, medio ventrally broadened; basal plate of harpe moderately sclerotised; clasper long, blunt, round-tipped; ampulla very small, less sclerotised; in aedeagus, carina region with a thumb like sclerotised plate; vesica without any scobination.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand (Hampson 1908). Global: Pakistan, Nepal, China (Tibet) (Leech 1900; Yoshimoto 1994; Bálint et al. 2014).</p> <p>Bionomics: Distributed in North-Western and Western Himalaya and mostly active in altitudinal range of 3000–3200 m, covering sub-alpine and alpine habitats. Seasonal window is also very narrow, activity recorded mostly during transition of pre-monsoon and monsoon, in the months of July–August within an average trap night temperature range of 7–11 ºC and annual precipitation range of 1100–1700 mm.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A871542E8E3D56B0FEA9B43AFB8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A871542E8E3C56B0FA81B3F0FE49.text	0393A871542E8E3C56B0FA81B3F0FE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora calamistrata (Moore 1882)	<div><p>Phlogophora calamistrata (Moore, 1882)</p> <p>[Fig. 15, 43, 44]</p> <p>Dianthecia calamistrata Moore, 1882, Descr. Indian lep. Atkinson, (2): 124.</p> <p>Euplexia calamistrata (Moore): Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 230.</p> <p>Phlogophora calamistrata (Moore): Fibiger &amp; Hacker, 2007, Noct. Eur., 9: 186.</p> <p>Type locality: Darjeeling [India, West Bengal].</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♀, Sikkim, Dist. West Sikkim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22087/lat 27.37864)">Yuksom</a>, 27.37864° N, 88.22087° E, 1879 m, 22. XI. 2019; 1 ♂, 24. XI. 2019; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37947" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22678/lat 27.37947)">Khoyngtey</a>, 27.37947° N, 088.22678° E, 1950 m, 27. XI. 2019; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.19749&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.4138" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.19749/lat 27.4138)">Sachen</a>, 27.41380° N, 088.19749° E, 2193 m, 01. XII. 2019; 3 ♀♀, Dist. North Sik- kim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.60463&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.65842" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.60463/lat 27.65842)">Rabum</a>, 27.65842° N, 088.60463° E, 2000 m, 13. XII. 2019; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.268&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0402" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.268/lat 27.0402)">Darjeeling</a>, 27.0402° N, 088.268° E, 2119 m, 15. X. 2018; 2 ♂♂, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1/lat 27.1147)">Manedara</a>, 27.1147° N, 088.1000° E, 2168 m, 27. X. 2018; 6 ♂♂, 29. X. 2018; 1 ♂, 30. X. 2018; 8 ♂♂, 31. X. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team; 2 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.09071&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.07071" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.09071/lat 27.07071)">Palamajua</a>, 27.07071° N, 088.09071° E, 1909 m, 03. XI. 2018; 4 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1093&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1093/lat 27.0499)">Dhotrey</a>, 27.0499° N, 088.1093° E, 2531 m, 05. XI. 2018, 2054 m; 8 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.00525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1189/lat 27.00525)">Khopidara</a>, 27.00525° N, 088.1189° E, 2054 m, 06. XI. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 36–38 mm. The species is unmistakable with white head and thorax, forewing ground colour being pale olive to ochreous-brown. A white-bordered black streak between subbasal and antemedial line below median nervure. Orbicular and reniform black and white-bordered and filled in with olive; distinct blackcentred claviform present; postmedial and submarginal lines whitish, defined by black and the latter originating from an olive apical patch. Hindwing pale fuscous, underside with distinct cell spot and postmedial line.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Uncus long; elongated valva with bulbous cucullus, a distinct costal flap and broad sacculus. Aedeagus with two tiny carinal spines and vesica with robust claw-like cornutus.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Sikkim, West Bengal (Moore 1882; Hampson 1908). Global: Bhutan (Dudgeon 1905).</p> <p>Bionomics: A very restricted-range species known mainly from Central Himalaya, within a narrow altitudinal range of 1900–2500 m, preferably in Wet Temperate Forest, and active only during post-monsoon months of October–December. The species was only observed in areas having annual precipitation and annual mean temperature range of 2400–2800 mm and 14–16 ºC respectively.</p> <p>NCBI GenBank accession No.: MT219965, MT219966, MT219968</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A871542E8E3C56B0FA81B3F0FE49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A871542F8E3C56B0FFC0B4EDFA1C.text	0393A871542F8E3C56B0FFC0B4EDFA1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora plumbeola (Hampson 1894)	<div><p>Phlogophora plumbeola (Hampson, 1894)</p> <p>[Fig. 16, 45, 46]</p> <p>Euplexia plumbeola Hampson, 1894, Fauna Brit. Ind., 2: 217.</p> <p>Euplexia plumbeola Hampson: Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 235.</p> <p>Phlogophora plumbeola (Hampson): Yoshimoto, 1994, in Haruta, Tinea, 14: 111.</p> <p>Type locality: Sikhim [= Sikkim, India]</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♂, Uttarakhand, Dist. Uttarkashi, Govind National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.2635&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.06264" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.2635/lat 31.06264)">Taluka</a>, 31.06264° N, 078.26350° E, 2900 m, 14. VI. 2012; 1 ♂, Govind Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.16183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.02863" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.16183/lat 31.02863)">Kedarkanta</a>, 31.02863° N, 078.16183° E, 2800 m, 29. V. 2012; 2 ♂♂, Dist. Pithoragarh, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.40338&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.91398" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.40338/lat 29.91398)">Gowalghat</a>, 29.91398° N, 080.40338° E, 2248 m, 14. VI. 2018; 5 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.4001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.91782" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.4001/lat 29.91782)">Gowalghat</a>, 29.91782° N, 080.40010° E, 2462 m, 16. VI. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.39719&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.92121" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.39719/lat 29.92121)">Jimjhini</a>, 29.92121° N, 080.39719° E, 2627 m, 18. VI. 2018; 4 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.38988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.92711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.38988/lat 29.92711)">Vayman</a>, 29.92711° N, 080.38988° E, 3065 m, 03. VII. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male 36–38 mm. The plumbeous/slaty blue-grey colour of the head, thorax and forewing is typical to P. plumbeola which also justifies the species name. Bunch of golden hairs present at the end of thorax. The golden pattern on the forewing is distinct on plumbeous background; reniform spot distinctly golden; a submarginal golden band with three prominent outward dentations between veins 2 and 4. Hindwing fuscous with a distinct whitish marginal line not reaching the costa and an indistinct medial line. Underside of forewing pale slatygrey; hindwing white and grey suffused, with black cell spot and prominent waved postmedial line.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Male genitalia is characterized by moderately broad uncus with lanceolate apex; broad valva with acute cucullus and a long medially bent harpe; the basal plate of harpe with apical sclerotization and presence of short digitus; sacculus with presence of multiple irregular spines in the dorsal margin.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Uttarakhand, Sikkim (Hampson 1898). Global: Nepal (Yoshimoto 1994).</p> <p>Bionomics: Although, known till date only from Central Himalayan landscape of Sikkim and Nepal, our current record extends its distribution west-ward up to north-western Uttarakhand. Currently the species is found to fly within an altitudinal range of 2200–3000 m, preferably in Oak-Fir dominated Temperate Forest patches within an annual mean temperature of 8–12 ºC and annual precipitation of 1400–1700 mm. Individuals were found to be active in a very narrow seasonal window, mainly in the transition of pre-monsoon and monsoon.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A871542F8E3C56B0FFC0B4EDFA1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A871542F8E3B56B0F874B32EFCDC.text	0393A871542F8E3B56B0F874B32EFCDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora striatovirens (Moore 1867)	<div><p>Phlogophora striatovirens (Moore, 1867)</p> <p>[Fig. 17, 47, 48]</p> <p>Euplexia striatovirens Moore, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc.: 58.</p> <p>Euplexia discisignata Moore: Hampson, 1894, Fauna Brit. Ind., 2: 213.</p> <p>Euplexia striatovirens Moore: Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 233.</p> <p>Phlogophora striatovirens (Moore): Yoshimoto, 1994, in Haruta, Tinea, 14: 111.</p> <p>Type locality: Darjeeling [India, West Bengal]</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♂, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.0336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0509" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.0336/lat 27.0509)">Gairibas</a>, 27.05090° N, 088.03360° E, 2494 m, 21. V. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♀, Arunachal Pradesh, Dist. Dibang Valley, Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.08074&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.10532" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.08074/lat 29.10532)">Anini</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.08074&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.10532" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.08074/lat 29.10532)">Patharnallah</a>, 29.10532° N, 096.08074° E, 2029 m, 19. IV. 2017; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.14857&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.15354" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.14857/lat 29.15354)">Bruni</a>, 29.15354° N, 096.14857° E, 2436 m, 20. IV. 2017; coll. S. Gayen.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 28–30 mm, female: 30–32 mm. Although being very distinctive morphologically, it was earlier considered as a junior subjective synonym of P. discisignata by Hampson (1894). In 1908, he treated both the species as different which was confirmed recently as Gyulai et al. (2015) discussed significant differences in morphology between the two species. P. striatovirens differs mainly in the ground colour of forewing being rusty brown to greenish in fresh or live specimens. Presence of a double, sinuous basal line with black inner edge and an antemedial double line with black outer edge; postmedial line double, sinuous, black-edged enclosing the reniform mark which is partly filled with black on inner half; submarginal line pale yellowish-green, highly dentate with a pale patch on its inner edge between veins 7 and 4; marginal area dark purplish fuscous.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Uncus spatulate, valva broad with strongly sclerotised harpe bearing multiple irregular spines; the dorsal margin of sacculus also heavily sclerotised but lacks spines; aedeagus slender, carinal region sclerotised with minute spines; vesica long with small cornuti in the basal part.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland (Moore 1867; Hampson 1908).</p> <p>Global: Nepal, China (Yoshimoto 1994; Han et al. 2008).</p> <p>Bionomics: Distributed in Central to Eastern Himalaya and North-Eastern Hills, the species was recorded to fly within altitudinal zone of 2000–2500 m, preferably in Temperate and Coniferous forests. Individuals were found to be active in early pre-monsoon months of April–May in a narrow range of average trap night temperature at 9–11 ºC and an annual precipitation range of 1200–2200 mm.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A871542F8E3B56B0F874B32EFCDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8.text	0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlogophora discisignata (Moore 1867)	<div><p>Phlogophora discisignata (Moore, 1867)</p> <p>[Fig. 18, 49, 50]</p> <p>Euplexia discisignata Moore, 1867, Proc. Zool. Soc.: 57.</p> <p>Euplexia discisignata Moore: Hampson, 1894, Fauna Brit. Ind., 2: 213.</p> <p>Euplexia discisignata Moore: Hampson, 1908, Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus., 7: 232;</p> <p>Phlogophora discisignata (Moore): Kononenko &amp; Pinratana, 2013, Moths of Thailand, 3 (2): 328.</p> <p>Phlogophora discisignata (Moore): Gyulai et al., 2015, Zootaxa, 3949 (4): 589.</p> <p>Type locality: Darjeeling [India, West Bengal].</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♀, Uttarakhand, Dist. Pithoragarh, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.24781&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.13751" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.24781/lat 30.13751)">Chilamdhar</a>, 30.13751° N, 080.24781° E, 1714 m, 09. X. 2017; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♂, Sikkim, Dist. West Sikkim, Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.22087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.37864" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.22087/lat 27.37864)">Yuksom</a>, 27.37864° N, 088.22087° E, 1879 m, 23. XI. 2019; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team.</p> <p>1 ♀, West Bengal, Dist. Darjeeling, Singalila National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1141" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1105/lat 27.1141)">Rimbik</a>, 27.1141° N, 088.1105° E, 1905 m, 18. X 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1/lat 27.1147)">Manedara</a>, 27.1147° N, 088.1000° E, 2168 m, 30. X. 2018; 1 ♀, 31. X. 2018; 1 ♂, 04. XI. 2018; coll. A. K. Sanyal &amp; team; 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.09071&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.07071" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.09071/lat 27.07071)">Palamajua</a>, 27.07071° N, 088.09071° E, 1909 m, 03. XI. 2018; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.1189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.00525" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.1189/lat 27.00525)">Khopidara</a>, 27.00525° N, 088.1189° E, 2054 m, 06. XI. 2018; coll. K. Bhattacharyya &amp; team.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Wing expanse: Male: 28–30 mm, female: 30–32 mm. Forewing ground colour of male is whitish pale yellow which is often greenish in fresh specimens; for females the ground colour of forewing more suffused with darker brown. The basal and postmedial area of forewing paler with few blackish streaks; medial area having ashy-brown patch from costa to submedian fold the lower part of which is sap green; reniform white with few brown specks; inner side of orbicular and reniform black; the marginal area suffused with purplish-grey with a black submarginal line.</p> <p>Male genitalia: Uncus narrow, hook-shaped, valva spindle shaped with presence of a slender less-sclerotised harpe; aedeagus vesica broad, spherical.</p> <p>Distribution: India: Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Nagaland (Moore 1867; Hampson 1908). Global: Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam (Dudgeon 1905; Yoshimoto 1994; Kononenko &amp; Pinratana, 2013; Gyulai et al. 2015).</p> <p>Bionomics: Distributed in Western to Central Himalaya and North-Eastern Hills, the species was found to be active within a narrow altitudinal range of 1700–2100 m, preferably in Wet Temperate and Mixed Coniferous Forest. Individuals were recorded only in the post-monsoon months of October–November within a narrow average trap night temperature range of 15–16 ºC and annual precipitation range of 1800–2600 mm.</p> <p>DNA Barcode: The generated 13 DNA barcodes can be accessed in NCBI with respective accession numbers, as novel submissions of P. distorta, P. albovittata, P. calamistrata, P. nobilis, P. meticulodina to the database with first submission of P. subpurpurea from India.</p> <p>The overall mean distance in the final dataset comprising of the generated sequences aligned with all the available sequences of Phlogophora (14 species) from global database was found to be 4.8% (Fig. 55). The mean withinspecies distance of the dataset was 0.6% with highest of 2.5% in P. subpurpurea. Whereas, the highest interspecific genetic distance was resulted between P. calamistrata and P. meticulosa (11.8%). The sequences of P. subpurpurea was represented by a single clade with 4.5–11.1% of interspecific divergence (lowest with P. periculosa, P. iris and highest with P. calamistrata). P. albovittata and P. calamistrata formed two separate clades with 9.5% genetic divergence between them. P. calamistrata showed high divergences with all the other species used in the analysis (9.5–11.8%). P. distorta formed sister clades with P. albovittata with interspecific divergence of 5.4%. All the 14 species showed cohesive clustering as per the NJ Tree except the 4 sequences generated for P. albovittata which clustered with the unpublished sequence of P. nigroplumbea taken from BOLD database. As the two species are very similar in their outer morphology and genitalia structure, and P. nigroplumbea being typically distributed in Indonesia and Philippines (Holloway 1989), the identity of the BOLD sequence of the same remains doubtful.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393A87154298E3856B0F81CB548FEF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran;Dey, Rushati;Bhattacharyya, Kamalika;Mallick, Kaushik;Mazumder, Arna;Gayen, Subrata;Das, Moumita;Raha, Angshuman;Sanyal, Abesh Kumar;Kumar, Vikas;Uniyal, Virendra Prasad;Chandra, Kailash	Bandyopadhyay, Uttaran, Dey, Rushati, Bhattacharyya, Kamalika, Mallick, Kaushik, Mazumder, Arna, Gayen, Subrata, Das, Moumita, Raha, Angshuman, Sanyal, Abesh Kumar, Kumar, Vikas, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Chandra, Kailash (2021): Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5004 (2): 311-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.2.4
