identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
66152D583A7D3D57C71BA6AA8AA96BFC.text	66152D583A7D3D57C71BA6AA8AA96BFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zospeum vasconicum Prieto, De Winter, Weigand, Gomez & Jochum	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Ellobiidae</p><p>Zospeum vasconicum Prieto, De Winter, Weigand, Gomez &amp; Jochum sp. n. Figures 3, 4, 5</p><p>Zospeum sp. n. 1, Altonaga et al. 1994: 72 (in part).</p><p>Zospeum sp. n. 1, Jochum et al. 2012: 402, Fig. 3 A.</p><p>Zospeum sp. n. 1, Weigand et al. 2013: 8, Fig. 2.</p><p>Material.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (MNCN15.05/60147H): Spain, Prov. Gipuzkoa, Oñate,Valle de Araotz, Cueva de la Ermita de Sandaili, UTM 30TWN4580260906, N42.999442, E-2.438076, alt. c. 400 m, moist, muddy walls in karst cave, 15.11.1984, leg. C. Prieto, B. Gómez &amp; K. Altonaga.</p><p>Paratypes: locus typicus: 53 shells (UPV/EHU-FC: 74) and 4 dried snails (UPV/EHU-FC: 75), data as the holotype; 41 shells (UPV/EHU-FC: 549), 18.06.2011, leg. C. Prieto, A. Jochum, A. Weigand, R. Slapnik &amp; J. Valentinčič; 6 shells (MNCN15.05/60147P, ex UPV/EHU-FC: 549), ibid.; 6 shells (SMF 341634, ibid.), ibid.; 6 shells (RMNH.5003914, ibid.), ibid.; 6 shells (NMBE 529864/6, ibid), ibid.; 19 shells (AJC/1864), ibid.</p><p>Other material. (Fig. 2): Prov. Bizkaia: Yurre, Urkizu, Cueva de Otxas, UTM 30TWN2050081208, N43.183362, E-2.747741, alt. c. 500 m, 18.01.1981, leg. B. Gómez, R. Martín, K. Altonaga, 23 shells (UPV/EHU-FC:24); same locality, 19.06.2011, leg. C. Prieto, A. Jochum, A. Weigand, R. Slapnik &amp; J. Valentinčič, 30 shells (MCBI CSR SASA 40115), ibid., 20 shells (AJC/1867), ibid. 11 shells (RMNH.5003916); Mañaria, Cueva de Silibranka-2, UTM 30TWN2741175235, N 43.129357 E -2.662995, alt. 220m, 20.06.2011, leg. C. Prieto, A. Jochum, A. Weigand, R. Slapnik &amp; J. Valentinčič, 80 shells (UPV/EHU-FC:557), ibid., 5 shells (MCBI CSR SASA 40090), ibid., 18 shells (AJC/1851), ibid. 10 shells (RMNH.5003915); Dima, Indusi, Cueva del Cráneo, UTM 30TWN2157275145, N43.128736, E-2.734786, alt. c. 400 m, 20.06.2011, leg. C. Prieto, A. Jochum, A. Weigand, R. Slapnik &amp; J. Valentinčič, 13 shells (UPV/EHU-FC:556), ibid., 13 shells (AJC/1853).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell ca. 1.2 mm, transparent, elongate or elongate-conical with an entire, roundish and more or less thickened peristome, lacking obvious apertural barriers, but often with an obsolete lamella (denticle) in the parieto-columellar corner; columella with a single, low annular lamella.</p><p>Description</p><p>(material from type locality). Measurements of holotype and paratypes are provided in Table 1.</p><p>Shell minute, rather variable in height (on average ca. 1.2 mm), conical to elongate-conical with about 5 whorls, regularly coiled, suture deep, whorls convex, more or less strongly shouldered, especially in the more conical shells; teleoconch sculpture of fine, occasionally almost rib-like, axial striae; weak axial ribbing immediately behind the palatal-basal lip, occurring for a short distance; aperture more or less circular; peristome closely adhering to spire, reflected, moderately thickened, roundish, but often somewhat higher than wide or wider than high, taking up ca. 40% of shell height; umbilicus closed, umbilical depression deep, with fine or coarser, sometimes almost rib-like, axial striae; apertural barriers absent apart from a rather low lamella (appearing as a tiny denticle) on the parietal-columellar corner, discernable only in oblique apertural view; columella with a single, low annular lamella, only visible in body whorl at some distance from aperture.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from Zospeum biscaiense by the smaller, more elongate shell and the absence of major apertural barriers; from Zospeum schaufussi (sensu Gittenberger 1980) by the roundish peristome; Zospeum suarezi is generally smaller, and has a more elaborate, two-tiered arrangement of lamellae on the columella; in Zospeum bellesi, apertural barriers and columellar ornamentation are completely absent.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named after the pre-Roman Era Vascones Tribe (from Latin gens Vasconum), which at the arrival of the Romans during the 1st century, inhabited a territory spanning the region between the upper course of the Ebro River and the southern basin of the western Pyrenees. This tribe is considered (disputed) the ancestor of the Basque People.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Sierra de Aitzgorri and the adjacent Sierra de Aramotz-Anboto in the Provinces of Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia, Spain (Fig. 2). Both massifs are formed in Lower Cretaceous (Urgonian) limestone bedrock and separated by the valley excavated by the Deba River.</p><p>Ecology .</p><p>Live Zospeum vasconicum were found in Cueva Arrikrutz on densely perforated mats of fine mud lining the walls of the upper level of the cave. In the immediate vicinity of this colony, numerous translucent Zospeum shells were found embedded in a thick, uniform layer of mud, superficially interspersed with yellow, clumped strands of fungal aggregations (Fig. 8 A–B). Only single live individuals of Zospeum vasconicum were found on the walls of Cueva de la Ermita de Sandaili. No bats or bat guano were seen in the vicinity of the collection site.</p><p>Conservation.</p><p>In the caves where this species occurs (see above), fresh empty shells were found in relative abundance at various spots within these caves, suggesting that the species commonly occurs there, and that these populations are not immediately threatened. Still, on a global scale, its distribution is likely limited to less than 5 caves within a radius of less than 20 km2. In conjunction with the categories for the IUCN Red List (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2014), it is considered a vulnerable, narrow range endemic (Vu, D2). Habitat disturbance by unrestricted tourism may pose the largest threat. The cave entrance of Cueva de la Ermita de Sandaili contains a chapel, is openly accessible and is not protected as an entity within a natural park. Neighbouring Cueva Arrikrutz belongs to the Natural Park of Aizkorri-Araotz and opened for tourism in June 2007.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Although the populations studied in this paper were collected from currently non-contiguous caves, which are geologically part of two adjacent limestone complexes i.e. Otxas, Cráneo and Silibranka-2 of the Aramotz-Anboto massif and Sandaili of the Aizkorri massif, these populations were found to be very closely related, sharing identical or very similar CO1, 16S and H3 sequences (Weigand et al. 2013). However, morphologically, significant differences exist between these populations. Although shell dimensions are quite variable, even within populations, populations differ more or less in shell size and shape (see Table 1). Shells from the type locality and from Cueva del Cráneo, are on average, smaller, significantly less slender, have less whorls and a proportionately larger body whorl than those from Cueva Silibranka-2 and Cueva de Otxas, but the range of some characters overlap. These populations are not different in spire angle and coiling tightness. Shells from Cueva del Cráneo seem to have larger peristomes than specimens from the other caves. Observed are additional qualitative differences between the populations such as in sculptural texture (coarseness of rib-striation; ribbing behind palatal lip present in type locality and Cueva del Cráneo, indistinct or absent in Silibranka-2 and Otxas); whorl profile (topotypic shells have more convex and more strongly shouldered whorls than e.g. the Silibranka-2 population), as well as in the expression of the parieto-columellar denticle (obsolete or absent in Silibranka-2 but generally present in shells from the other caves). In some Cueva de Otxas shells, the peristome is slightly detached from the spire (Fig. 5C). We restrict the type material to (selected) shells from the Cueva de la Ermita de Sandaili. However, material documented by Jochum et al. (2012) from the neighbouring Cueva Arrikrutz within the Natural Park of Aizkorri-Araotz, Oñate (N42.997222, W2.428076), is likely also to be Zospeum vasconicum . The nearest passage of the Arrikrutz-Gesaltza cave system is less than 150 m from the Cueva de la Ermita de Sandaili on the other side of the river. However, the Arrikrutz material was not molecularly assessed by Weigand et al. (2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/66152D583A7D3D57C71BA6AA8AA96BFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jochum, Adrienne;de Winter, Anton J.;Weigand, Alexander M.;Gomez, Benjamin;Prieto, Carlos	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
C971A9D86EB382C584B939D2E8121173.text	C971A9D86EB382C584B939D2E8121173.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zospeum zaldivarae Prieto, De Winter, Weigand, Gomez & Jochum	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Ellobiidae</p><p>Zospeum zaldivarae Prieto, De Winter, Weigand, Gomez &amp; Jochum sp. n. Figures 6, 7</p><p>Zospeum sp., Prieto and Gómez 1985: 145, Fig. 3 A–B .</p><p>Zospeum sp. n. 3, Altonaga et al. 1994: 73 (in part).</p><p>Zospeum sp. n. 3, Jochum et al. 2012: 402, Fig. 3 B.</p><p>Zospeum sp. 2, Weigand et al. 2013: 8, Fig. 2.</p><p>Material.</p><p>Type material. Holotype (MNCN15.05/60148H)): Spain, Prov. Burgos, Berberana, Monte de Santiago, Cueva de Las Paúles, UTM 30TWN0062054680, N43.1282, E-2.73618, alt. c. 840 m, moist, muddy walls in karst cave, 09.11.2013, leg. C. Prieto.</p><p>Paratypes: locus typicus: 8 specimens (MNCN15.05/60148P ex UPV/EHU-FC:1608) and 2 shells (NMBE 529904/2), 2 shells (SMF 341635) and 2 shells (RMNH.5003943), data as the holotype. 1 shell (UPV/EHU-FC:64), 12.02.1984, leg. P. Zaldívar . 2 shells (MNCN 15.05/60149, ex UPV/EHU-FC:70) and 3 shells (UPV/EHU-FC:72), 11.11.1984, leg. C. Prieto, B. Gómez &amp; P. Zaldívar, 9 specimens (UPV/EHU-FC:559), 21.06.2011, leg. C. Prieto, A. Jochum, A. Weigand, R. Slapnik &amp; J. Valentinčič . 7 specimens + 5 shells (UPV/EHU-FC:560), ibid., 3 specimens molecularly processed (Weigand et al. 2013), 7 shells (4 broken) (AJC/1877), ibid., 5 shells (broken) (MCBI CSR SASA 40598), 11.11.1984, leg. C. Prieto &amp; B. Gómez, 3 shells (RMNH.234152).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Shell turbinate-conical with approximately 5 ½ regularly coiled, convex, rounded whorls, transparent, comparatively large; columellar and palatal-basal lip narrowly reflected; umbilicus closed, umbilical depression deep.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Measurements are provided in Table 2.</p><p>Shell minute, turbinate-conical, with approximately 5 ½ regularly coiled, convex, rounded whorls; shell transparent when fresh, chalky white with age, comparatively large, rather variable in shape; teleoconch sculpture of irregular axial striae or blunt growth lines, often crossed by an equally superficial spiral element, some distinct axial ribbing may be present for a short distance immediately behind palatal-basal lip; last whorl large and tumid, encompassing ca. 2/3 of shell height; aperture lunate; peristome somewhat higher than wide, closely adhering to spire, taking up about half of the shell height, angular, with a thin, straight parietal callus; apertural dentition usually consisting of a small, short lamella on the parietal wall and a tooth on the parietal-columellar corner of the peristome (barely conspicuous in frontal view (Fig. 6A), best discernable in a slightly oblique, apertural view (Fig. 6D)); apertural barriers can however, be entirely absent (Fig. 7D); columella with a single, low, lamella-like dilatation (Fig. 7G), only visible in body whorl at some distance from the aperture.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Though comparatively large amongst Iberian species, the Zospeum zaldivarae shell is minute (shell height ca. 1.5 mm) and turbinate-conical in form. It is however, larger, wider (ca. 1.2 mm) and less elongate than other known Iberian Zospeum species except Zospeum biscaiense . Zospeum biscaiense has a more tightly coiled shell with palatal-basal apertural barriers.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named after Mª Pilar Zaldívar, a biologist and speleologist from the Niphargus Speleological Team, who discovered the species in the 1980's.</p><p>Distribution .</p><p>Only known from the type locality.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Zospeum zaldivarae was found sparingly in a muddy sediment matrix of somewhat coarse, vermiform texture interspersed by clumped aggregations of yellow- and white-coloured fungi (Fig. 8C) (Jochum et al. 2012 fig. A–B). No bats or bat guano were seen in the vicinity of the collection site. The species was found syntopically with Zospeum suarezi .</p><p>Conservation.</p><p>Zospeum zaldivarae is only known from the Cueva de Las Paúles . Consequently, and in conjunction with the Guidelines for the IUCN Red List (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2014) it is a vulnerable, narrow range endemic (Vu D2) and as such, warrants immediate conservation priority. Although this cave belongs to the Natural Monument of Monte Santiago, it is nonetheless relatively easily accessible to the public.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Zospeum zaldivarae appears to be polymorphic in the presence/absence of apertural barriers. These barriers were not noticed in the material sequenced by Weigand et al. (2013), but their presence cannot be excluded. However, we have little doubt that the dentate and edentate specimens co-occurring at the type locality are conspecific.</p><p>Zospeum zaldivarae is conchologically quite different from most other Iberian Zospeum species hitherto described. In shape, it best resembles Zospeum biscaiense . These two species share a wide shell with a reniform aperture and an angular, not roundish, peristome with a straight palatal-columellar callus. Also, phylogenetically, this species is distinct (Weigand et al. 2013) and possibly more closely related to Zospeum biscaiense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C971A9D86EB382C584B939D2E8121173	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jochum, Adrienne;de Winter, Anton J.;Weigand, Alexander M.;Gomez, Benjamin;Prieto, Carlos	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
