taxonID	type	description	language	source
66152D583A7D3D57C71BA6AA8AA96BFC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell ca. 1.2 mm, transparent, elongate or elongate-conical with an entire, roundish and more or less thickened peristome, lacking obvious apertural barriers, but often with an obsolete lamella (denticle) in the parieto-columellar corner; columella with a single, low annular lamella.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
66152D583A7D3D57C71BA6AA8AA96BFC.taxon	description	Description (material from type locality). Measurements of holotype and paratypes are provided in Table 1. Shell minute, rather variable in height (on average ca. 1.2 mm), conical to elongate-conical with about 5 whorls, regularly coiled, suture deep, whorls convex, more or less strongly shouldered, especially in the more conical shells; teleoconch sculpture of fine, occasionally almost rib-like, axial striae; weak axial ribbing immediately behind the palatal-basal lip, occurring for a short distance; aperture more or less circular; peristome closely adhering to spire, reflected, moderately thickened, roundish, but often somewhat higher than wide or wider than high, taking up ca. 40 % of shell height; umbilicus closed, umbilical depression deep, with fine or coarser, sometimes almost rib-like, axial striae; apertural barriers absent apart from a rather low lamella (appearing as a tiny denticle) on the parietal-columellar corner, discernable only in oblique apertural view; columella with a single, low annular lamella, only visible in body whorl at some distance from aperture.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
66152D583A7D3D57C71BA6AA8AA96BFC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after the pre-Roman Era Vascones Tribe (from Latin gens Vasconum), which at the arrival of the Romans during the 1 st century, inhabited a territory spanning the region between the upper course of the Ebro River and the southern basin of the western Pyrenees. This tribe is considered (disputed) the ancestor of the Basque People.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
66152D583A7D3D57C71BA6AA8AA96BFC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Sierra de Aitzgorri and the adjacent Sierra de Aramotz-Anboto in the Provinces of Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia, Spain (Fig. 2). Both massifs are formed in Lower Cretaceous (Urgonian) limestone bedrock and separated by the valley excavated by the Deba River.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
66152D583A7D3D57C71BA6AA8AA96BFC.taxon	conservation	Conservation. In the caves where this species occurs (see above), fresh empty shells were found in relative abundance at various spots within these caves, suggesting that the species commonly occurs there, and that these populations are not immediately threatened. Still, on a global scale, its distribution is likely limited to less than 5 caves within a radius of less than 20 km 2. In conjunction with the categories for the IUCN Red List (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2014), it is considered a vulnerable, narrow range endemic (Vu, D 2). Habitat disturbance by unrestricted tourism may pose the largest threat. The cave entrance of Cueva de la Ermita de Sandaili contains a chapel, is openly accessible and is not protected as an entity within a natural park. Neighbouring Cueva Arrikrutz belongs to the Natural Park of Aizkorri-Araotz and opened for tourism in June 2007.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
C971A9D86EB382C584B939D2E8121173.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell turbinate-conical with approximately 5 1 / 2 regularly coiled, convex, rounded whorls, transparent, comparatively large; columellar and palatal-basal lip narrowly reflected; umbilicus closed, umbilical depression deep.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
C971A9D86EB382C584B939D2E8121173.taxon	description	Description. Measurements are provided in Table 2. Shell minute, turbinate-conical, with approximately 5 1 / 2 regularly coiled, convex, rounded whorls; shell transparent when fresh, chalky white with age, comparatively large, rather variable in shape; teleoconch sculpture of irregular axial striae or blunt growth lines, often crossed by an equally superficial spiral element, some distinct axial ribbing may be present for a short distance immediately behind palatal-basal lip; last whorl large and tumid, encompassing ca. 2 / 3 of shell height; aperture lunate; peristome somewhat higher than wide, closely adhering to spire, taking up about half of the shell height, angular, with a thin, straight parietal callus; apertural dentition usually consisting of a small, short lamella on the parietal wall and a tooth on the parietal-columellar corner of the peristome (barely conspicuous in frontal view (Fig. 6 A), best discernable in a slightly oblique, apertural view (Fig. 6 D )); apertural barriers can however, be entirely absent (Fig. 7 D); columella with a single, low, lamella-like dilatation (Fig. 7 G), only visible in body whorl at some distance from the aperture.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
C971A9D86EB382C584B939D2E8121173.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after Mª Pilar Zaldivar, a biologist and speleologist from the Niphargus Speleological Team, who discovered the species in the 1980 ' s.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
C971A9D86EB382C584B939D2E8121173.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
C971A9D86EB382C584B939D2E8121173.taxon	conservation	Conservation. Zospeum zaldivarae is only known from the Cueva de Las Paules. Consequently, and in conjunction with the Guidelines for the IUCN Red List (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2014) it is a vulnerable, narrow range endemic (Vu D 2) and as such, warrants immediate conservation priority. Although this cave belongs to the Natural Monument of Monte Santiago, it is nonetheless relatively easily accessible to the public.	en	Jochum, Adrienne, de Winter, Anton J., Weigand, Alexander M., Gomez, Benjamin, Prieto, Carlos (2015): Two new species of Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856 from the Basque-Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 483: 81-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.483.9167
