identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0393727E8C19110DAB907434FAD6FAC7.text	0393727E8C19110DAB907434FAD6FAC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Persexarthrus Voss	<div><p>Persexarthrus Voss ( Anthonomus Germar, 1817)</p><p>Persexarthrus Voss, 1944: 49 (Anthomorphus Weise, 1883) (type species: Anthonomus cyprius Marshall, 1925). Voss, 1960: 150. Dieckmann, 1968: 488.</p><p>Neobradybatus Hoffmann, 1963: 94 (type species: Neobradybatus variabilis Hoffmann, 1963).</p><p>Diagnosis. Small to medium sized Anthonomus species (2.2–4.4 mm) similar to Anthonomus s.str. Antennal funicle with six segments. Elytra with two transverse bands and pronotum with median longitudinal line formed of dense whitish seta-like scales. Profemora toothed. Tarsi slender, claws with or without teeth. Wings present.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393727E8C19110DAB907434FAD6FAC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Košťál, Michael	Košťál, Michael (2014): Revision of the subgenus Persexarthrus Voss of the genus Anthonomus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Anthonomini). Zootaxa 3785 (4): 561-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.5
0393727E8C1A1104AB9070B5FA92FEF0.text	0393727E8C1A1104AB9070B5FA92FEF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) baudueri Desbrochers	<div><p>Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) baudueri Desbrochers des Loges</p><p>Figs 1, 5, 9, 14, 15</p><p>Anthonomus baudueri Desbrochers des Loges, 1875: clxxxvii. Desbrochers des Loges, 1892: 141. Dieckmann, 1968: 490. Anthonomus baudueri var. abeillei Desbrochers des Loges, 1892: 142. Dieckmann, 1968: 490. Anthonomus cyprius Marshall, 1925: 75 . Voss, 1944: 49. Dieckmann, 1968: 490.</p><p>Bradybatus ornatoides Reitter, 1898: 354 . Dieckmann. 1968: 490.</p><p>Type locality. Lebanon.</p><p>Type series. In the MNHN collection, separated from coll. Desbrochers, there are two males designated by Dieckmann (1968) as a lectotype and a paralectotype of “ Anthonomus baudueri Dbr. ”. The lectotype bears the labels “Leban / type ”. Although the locality does not correspond to the original description, Dieckmann (1968) decided to designate this specimen as a lectotype because of its good match to the original description, and the handwritten label “ type ”. Another specimen sold to Heyden labeled as a “ type ” belongs to A. stierlini Desbrochers and was excluded from the syntype series by Dieckmann (1968). I share the opinion of the first revising author and regard this specimen as a valid lectotype. I dissected the genitalia.</p><p>Synonyms. In the original description of Anthonomus baudueri var. abeillei, there is no locality given. Dieckmann (1968) did not find types of this taxon in the Desbrochers´collection. In the series of Bradybatus abeillei Desbrochers in the collection of Abeille de Perrin (MNHN), there is a pair of specimens belonging to Persexarthrus that correspond to the original description. I dissected the genitalia of both specimens and designated the male as a lectotype. The lectotype is 3.25 mm long, is with a missing right antenna and is labeled “ Abeillei Desb. Liban / 1122 / MUSEUM PARIS Collection Abeille de Perrin 1919 / Michael Košťál reprep. 2013 / LECTOTYPUS Anthonomus baudueri var. abeillei Desbrochers Michael Košťál des. 2013 [red printed]“. The heavily damaged female with the original label „ Abeillei Db.“ was designated as paralectotype. Both specimens are conspecific with the lectotype of A. baudueri .</p><p>Anthonomus cyprius was described based on 10 specimens bred from buds of Persica vulgaris collected in Cyprus. There are eight males and two females in the Marshall collection (BMNH). Two males and both females bear labels “ PARALECTOTYPUS ... Design. Dieckmann”. As this designation was never published I designated a 2.80 mm long, completely preserved male, glued on a triangular mounting-board as a lectotype of A. cyprius Marshall. The lectotype is labeled “ Type [red margined circle] / CYPRUS Bred from peach buds IV. 1925 D. S. Wilkinson / Pres. by Imp. Bur. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1925-269. / Anthonomus cyprius, Mshl. TYPE. ♂ / LECTOTYPUS Anthonomus cyprius Marshall Michael Košťál des. 2013 [red printed]”. The remaining specimens with the same locality labels, six of which (5 ♂♂, 1 ♀) bear a pink label “ BRED peach buds...” were designated as paralectotypes. All 10 specimens are conspecific with the lectotype of A. baudueri and were labeled accordingly “ Anthonomus baudueri Desbrochers Michael Košťál det. 2013”.</p><p>Bradybatus ornatoides was described from Lebanon (Beirut) with a remark on the similarity to Anthonomus amygdali Hustache (as “ Anthonomus ornatus Reiche ”), the six-segmented funicle apparently misleading Reitter to place the species in the genus Bradybatus . The number of type specimens was not mentioned. One can assume from the locus typicus and the original description that the object of Reitter´s description was a female of A. baudueri, as suspected by Dieckmann (1968). All characters mentioned in the original description correspond perfectly to a female of A. baudueri . The type is known to be lost. Neither myself nor Dieckmann (1968) could locate the type in either part of Reitter’s collection (HNHM, NMW) or in the Stierlin collection (DEI). Therefore, in the interest of nomenclatural stability I decided to designate a neotype in accordance with the provisions of Article 75 of the Code (ICZN 1999). It is a perfectly preserved female, 3.27 mm in length and fully corresponding to the original description of Bradybatus ornatoides . The neotype is labeled as follows: “Hasrun Liban Toursa 17.4. 26 W. Wittmer / NEOTYPUS Bradybatus ornatoides Reitter Michael Košťál des. 2013 [red printed]“ and is deposited in the MSNM collection.</p><p>Redescription. Male (Fig. 14). Length 2.6–3.3 mm. Body: moderately slender, sides slightly broadened posteriorly. Rostrum: blackish, length (Rl/Pl ≈ 1.4); in lateral view evenly curved, very slightly broadened to apex; in dorsal view parallel from base to antennal insertion, distal part markedly broadened to apex, densely striatepunctate from base to apex, in basal half with whitish seta-like recumbent scales. Head: frons of same width as rostrum, very densely and finely sculptured, with white seta-like scales directed laterally; eyes prominent. Antennae: Reddish brown with darkened club, inserted at about 2/3 of rostrum length; funicular segment 1 2.5x longer than wide, segment 2 hardly twice as long as wide; club spindle-shaped, about twice as long as wide. Pronotum: blackish brown with reddish anterior margin, with large rounded regular punctures, intervals between punctures narrower than their diameter; on sides and in middle line densely covered with whitish and yellowish recumbent seta-like scales forming lateral broad and medial narrow longitudinal white lines on pronotum disc, between white areas intermixed sparse black subrecumbent setae; transverse (Pw/Pl ≈ 1.50), broadest shortly after middle, with unequally rounded sides, slightly and broadly constricted in anterior third, nearly flat on disc. Elytra: Dark brown except reddish brown interstriae 2–4 in third quarter of elytral length; moderately long (El/Ew ≈ 1.5), diverging posteriorly, widest at 3/4 of length, flat on disc. Striae and interstriae visible only on sparsely squamose parts, whitish recumbent seta-like scales densely covering scutellum, anterior part of interstria 6 creating short longitudinal lateral band. Anterior part of elytral disc densely squamose, forming subtriangular macula with posteriorly divergent margins from scutellum until one-half of elytral length. Transverse band in posterior one-half and patch on interstriae 4–5 shortly before apex as well as elytral apex itself densely whitish squamose, in middle of transverse band scales yellowish. Elytra, except densely white squamose parts, with sparse black subrecumbent setae. Legs: Brown, with tarsi, except darkened tarsomere 3, distal half of tibiae, femorotibial junction and basal parts of femora reddish to yellow, covered with whitish recumbent to subrecumbent seta-like scales; profemora with large triangular tooth and marked emargination between tooth and femoral apex (Fig. 1), meso- and metafemora with small sharp tooth; tarsomere 3 bilobed and distinctly wider than tarsomere 2, tarsomere 3 slightly shorter than tarsomeres 1–2 combined; claws simple. Venter: Uniformly covered with white seta-like scales; medial part of metasternum, ventrite 1 and 2 with clearly visible, large round punctures partially blending into rough transverse furrowing. Penis: Fig. 5 a–c. Plates of sternite IX: Fig. 5 d.</p><p>Female (Fig. 15). Length 2.7–3.5 mm. As in male except integument lighter in color, reddish brown; rostrum slightly longer (Rl/Pl ≈ 1.6), visibly narrowed in distal part between antennal insertion and apex, finely punctured, with antennal insertion at or shortly behind middle of rostrum; recumbent scales on pronotum yellowish, scaling of elytra markedly reduced, mostly to transverse band and apical patches. Spermatheca: Fig. 9.</p><p>Variability. Male rostrum in basal half sometimes with feebly visible medial carina. Pronotum often without reddish anterior margin. Black subrecumbent setae on pronotum and elytra often absent. Dorsal subtriangular macula of white scales on elytra varies considerably in its size and shape. Tarsomere 3 in males sometimes lighter in color. Tibiae may be entirely reddish in some males.</p><p>FIGURES 9–13. Spermatheca of (9) Anthonomus baudueri; (10) A. brevispinus; (11) A. variabilis; (12) A. behnei; (13) A. fraudulentus .</p><p>FIGURES 20–22. (20) A. behnei ♂, (21) idem ♀; (22) A. fraudulentus .</p><p>Diagnosis. Characteristic of this species are the relatively large triangular tooth on the profemur with an emargination between the tooth and femoral apex and the bilobed tarsomere 3, which is markedly wider than tarsomere 2.</p><p>Comparative notes. The most closely similar species to A. baudueri are A. brevispinus and A. variabilis each of which has a small tooth on the profemur and a narrow tarsomere 3.</p><p>Biological notes. Marshall (1925) reported rearing this species (as A. cyprius) from peach buds ( Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch). I have repeatedly collected A.baudueri in Jordan (Sakib, Bir Khidad) by beating Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb and in Syria (Al Sihl) from Prunus sp. in the second half of their blossoming period.</p><p>Distribution. Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan.</p><p>Non-type specimens examined. CYPRUS: Paphos, Kallepeia, 300 m, 19.IV.1995, Sprick leg. (1 ♀ WM); Paphos, Panagia, 800 m, 6.IV.2010, Makris leg. (2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ MT, 1 ♀ WM); Polis, 10 km NO: Yjalia, 100 m, 15.IV.1995, Suppantschitsch leg. (1 ♀ BC). LEBANON: Beyrouth (1 ♂, 1 ♀ ISZP); Hasrun, Toursa, 17.IV.1926, Wittmer leg. (1 ♂ MSNM). SYRIA: Al Sihl pr. An Nabk, 1550 m, 34°01.8’N 36°37.7’E, 14.IV.2009, Košťál leg.</p><p>(4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ KO); Idlib, IV. 1961 (1 ♂ MNHN). ISRAEL: Jerusalem (1 ♂ MSNM, 1 ♂ BMNH). JORDAN: Bir Khidad pr. Ash Shawbak, 1600 m, 30°26.2’N 35°31.8’E, 1.IV.2013, Košťál leg. (2 ♂♂ KO); Dayr Abu Said pr. Irbid, 600 m, 32°27.2’N 35°42.5’E, 29.III.2013, Košťál leg. (1 ♂ KO); Sakib pr. Aljun, 1000 m, 32°17.0’N 35°47.5’E, 29.III.2013, Košťál leg. (2 ♂♂ KO); Sakib pr. Ajlun, 900 m, 32°16.1’N 35°47.9’E, 21.III.2006, Košťál leg. (5 ♂, 8 ♀♀ KO); Sakhra pr. Ajlun, 1150 m, 32°22.2’N 35°48.5’E, 22.III.2006, Košťál leg. (4 ♂♂ KO).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393727E8C1A1104AB9070B5FA92FEF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Košťál, Michael	Košťál, Michael (2014): Revision of the subgenus Persexarthrus Voss of the genus Anthonomus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Anthonomini). Zootaxa 3785 (4): 561-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.5
0393727E8C101105AB9071FEFD39FBCC.text	0393727E8C101105AB9071FEFD39FBCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) brevispinus Pic	<div><p>Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) brevispinus Pic</p><p>Figs 2, 6, 10, 16, 17</p><p>Anthonomus brevispinus Pic, 1902: 139 . Dieckmann, 1968: 492.</p><p>Neobradybatus funebris Hoffmann, 1963: 96 . Dieckmann, 1968: 492.</p><p>Type locality. “Caucase: Araxesthal”.</p><p>Type series. Dieckmann (1968) designated two males from the Pic collection (MNHN) as lectotype and paralectotype. These specimens were not located either in the Pic collection or in the general collection of MNHN.</p><p>Synonyms. Neobradybatus funebris was described based on six specimens from Iran. There are two males and one female of a Persexarthrus species in the Hoffmann collection (MNHN) labeled in a full accordance with the original description. I dissected genitalia of one male and the female. One male bears a red-printed label “ TYPE ”, two other specimens “ PARATYPE ”. Hoffmann gives a clear reference to a single type specimen: “ type mâle, ma collection”. In accordance with Article 73.1.1. of the Code (ICZN 1999), this specimen should be regarded as a holotype. The holotype is 3.50 mm long, completely preserved, heavily abraded and labeled “W. Laizengou 14.III.61 IRAN G. REMAUDIERE / s Amygdalus scoparius / Neobradybatus funebris m. A. Hoffmann det. / TYPE [red printed] / MUSEUM PARIS 1968 Col. A. HOFFMANN / Michael Košťál reprep. 2013”. The other two specimens with identical locality labels and red printed label “ PARATYPE ” should be regarded as paratypes. In the Smreczyński collection (ISZP), there is one female with identical labeling as above and a red printed label “ PARATYPE ”, which should also be regarded as a paratype. Dieckmann (1968) saw five of six type specimens, however referring to them as females, and found them all to be conspecific with his lectotype of A. brevispinus Pic. Hence, I have no doubt about the specific identity of A. brevispinus .</p><p>Redescription. Male (Fig. 16). Length 3.2–3.9 mm. Body: moderately slender, very slightly broadened posteriorly. Rostrum: blackish, length (Rl/Pl = 1.32–1.41); in lateral view evenly curved, uniform in width from base to apex; in dorsal view with sides parallel to antennal insertion, in distal part very slightly broadened to apex; densely striate-punctured from base to apex; in basal half bearing white seta-like recumbent scales. Head: frons same width as rostrum, very densely and finely sculptured, with white seta-like scales directed laterally; eyes prominent. Antennae: Reddish with dark brown club, inserted at about 2/3 length of rostrum; funicular segments 1 and 2 2.5x longer than wide; club spindle-shaped, about twice as long as wide. Pronotum: reddish brown, lighter than elytra color; with large rounded regular punctures, intervals between punctures considerably narrower than diameter of punctures; on sides and in middle line densely covered with whitish and yellowish recumbent seta-like scales forming lateral broad and medial white longitudinal lines; transverse (Pw/Pl ≈ 1.35), broadest shortly after middle, with unequally rounded sides, slightly and broadly constricted in anterior one-third; disc convex. Elytra: Dark brown, with slightly lighter area on interstriae 2–4 in third quarter of elytral length; moderately long (El/Ew ≈ 1.5), moderately rounded at sides widest behind middle, flat on disc. Striae and interstriae visible only in areas where scales are sparse; whitish recumbent seta-like scales densely covering scutellum. Elytral base, two clear transverse bands at end of first and second third of elytral length, dispersed patches between both transverse bands and patch on interstriae 4–5 shortly before apex as well as elytral apex itself densely whitish squamose, in middle of posterior transverse band scales yellowish. Elytra except densely white squamose parts with scattered small whitish patches of scales and brown sparse scales between white bands and patches. Legs: Dark brown to black, except tarsi with darkened tarsomere 3, distal half of tibiae, femorotibial junction and basal parts of femora reddish to yellow; covered with whitish recumbent or subrecumbent seta-like scales. Profemora with small sharp tooth (Fig. 2). Meso- and metafemora with small sharp tooth. Tarsomere 3 weakly bilobed and only slightly wider than tarsomere 2, onychium shorter than tarsomeres 1–2 combined; claws simple. Venter: Uniformly covered with white seta-like scales, medial part of metasternum, ventrite 1 and 2 with fine, very dense transverse furrowing with no or only few small round scattered punctures. Penis: Fig. 6 a–c. Plates of sternite IX: Fig. 6 d.</p><p>Female (Fig. 17). Length 3.7–4.4 mm. As in male except integument lighter, reddish brown. Rostrum considerably less densely squamose, distal part more broadened to apex, finely punctured, with antennal insertion after middle of rostrum length. Recumbent scales on pronotum sides yellowish, scaling of elytra markedly reduced, mostly to transverse bands and apical patches. Elytra between bands only with blackish, subrecumbent sharp setalike scales. Spermatheca: Fig. 10.</p><p>Variability. Integument varies considerably from yellowish red to dark brown. Elytral bands of white scales vary considerably in size and shape. Legs are very variable in color. In some specimens tibiae may be entirely reddish. Some specimens, especially from the south of the area of distribution, have reddish pronotum and dark brown elytra.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the small sharp tooth on the profemur without an emargination between the tooth and femoral apex, larger size (3.2–4.4 mm) and the narrow tarsomere 3 being only slightly wider than tarsomere 2.</p><p>Comparative notes. The most closely related species is A. variabilis, from which A. brevispinus differs by its larger size (3.2–4.4 mm), on average broader apex of penis, more sclerotized lobes of plates of sternite IX and spermatheca with more developed ramus and nodulus as well as stouter corpus in relation to cornu. The anterior elytral band in males is formed by densely arranged whitish seta-like scales which are narrower and only rarely confluent with the posterior band.</p><p>Biological notes. Hoffmann (1963) reports this species ( A. funebris) in Iran from Prunus (Amygdalus) scoparia (Spach) C. K. Schneider. I collected many specimens in Armenia (Saravan) on P. fenzliana Fritsch, four specimens in Iran (Khaneh Zenyan) on P. eleagnifolia Spach and seven specimens in Syria (Al Sihl) together with A. baudueri on shrubby Prunus (Amygdalus) sp. In Syria the almond trees were slightly into the second half of blossoming; in Armenia and Iran they had small fruits.</p><p>Distribution. Syria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran.</p><p>Non-type specimens examined. SYRIA: Yabrud 20 km SW, 1700 m, 3.V.2000, Kresl leg. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ BC); Al Sihl pr. An Nabk, 1550 m, 34°01.8’N 36°37.7’E, 14.IV.2009, Košťál leg. (5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ KO). ARMENIA: Saravan env., 1600 m, 39°43.0’N 45°37.6’E, 27.V.2011, Košťál leg. (18 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀ KO). IRAN: Kohgiluyeh va Boyer- Ahmad, Belghays spring, 26.IV.2011, Salahi leg. (1 ♀ THU); Khaneh Zenyan pr. Shiraz, 2000 m, 29°36.7’N 52°16.3’E, 26.IV.2006, Košťál leg. (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ KO).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393727E8C101105AB9071FEFD39FBCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Košťál, Michael	Košťál, Michael (2014): Revision of the subgenus Persexarthrus Voss of the genus Anthonomus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Anthonomini). Zootaxa 3785 (4): 561-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.5
0393727E8C111106AB9074A5FD00FA70.text	0393727E8C111106AB9074A5FD00FA70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) variabilis (Hoffmann) Hoffmann	<div><p>Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) variabilis (Hoffmann)</p><p>Figs 7, 11, 18, 19</p><p>Neobradybatus variabilis Hoffmann, 1963: 94 . Dieckmann, 1968: 493.</p><p>Type locality. Navabgan (Iran).</p><p>Type series. This species was described based on four specimens from Iran. In the collection of Hoffmann (MNHN), there are three males with locality labels corresponding to the original description except the year of collection “1961” which Hoffmann mistakenly cites as 1962. They bear handwritten labels “ Neobradybatus variabilis ...” and should be considered as syntypes (see below) of the nominotypical form. Moreover, there is one female each of Hoffmann´s varieties with the same collecting data bearing original handwritten labels “ Neobradybatus variabilis v. obliteratus ...”, “ Neobradybatus variabilis v. pallidus ... / TYPE [red handwritten]” and “ Neobradybatus variabilis v. ruficollis ... / TYPE [red printed]”. One male of the nominotypical type has red-printed label “ TYPE ”, two other males “ PARATYPE ”. As Hoffmann gives in the original description no reference to any holotype, I decided in accordance with Articles 73.1.1. and 73.2. of the Code (ICZN 1999) to designate a male specimen labeled as “ TYPE ” as a lectotype of Noebradybatus variabilis Hoffmann. I dissected genitalia of this specimen. The lectotype is 2.85 mm long, completely preserved and labeled “Navabgan 1200 m 16.III.61 IRAN G.REMAUDIERE / s Amygdalus reuteri / Neobradybatus variabilis m. A. Hoffmann det. / TYPE [red printed] / MUSEUM PARIS 1968 col. A. HOFFMANN / Michael Košťál reprep. 2013 / LECTOTYPUS Neobradybatus variabilis Hoffmann Michael Košťál des. 2013”. The other two males with identical labeling except for evidently mistaken “Pseudobradybatus...” instead of “ Neobradybatus ...” were designated as paralectotypes. In the Smreczyński collection (ISZP), there is one male with the identical original labeling as the two paralectotypes. I designated it as a paralectotype as well. In the same collection, there is one female of each of Hoffmann´s varieties with the same collecting data bearing handwritten labels “ Neobradybatus variabilis v. pallidus ...” and “ Neobradybatus variabilis v. ruficollis ...” and a red printed label “ PARATYPE ”.</p><p>Synonyms. According to Article 45.6.3. of the Code (ICZN 1999), Neobradybatus varabilis v. obliteratus, N. variabilis v. pallidus and N. variabilis v. ruficollis should be regarded as infrasubspecific and hence unavailable.</p><p>Redescription. Male (Fig. 18). Length 2.4– 3.2 mm. Body, rostrum, head, antennae, pronotum, legs and venter as in A. brevispinus . Elytra: As in A. brevispinus, but anterior elytral band formed by densely arranged whitish seta-like scales broader and often nearly confluent with posterior band, forming whitish very broad band. Penis: Fig. 7 a–c. Plates of sternite IX: Fig. 7 d.</p><p>Female (Fig. 19). Length 2.8–3.5 mm. As in female of A. brevispinus . Spermatheca: Fig. 11.</p><p>Variability. The integument varies considerably from yellow to reddish brown. Elytral bands are very variable. More commonly the anterior band is very broad, but some specimens have separated bands as in A. brevispinus . The variability of the legs is as in A. brevispinus .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the small sharp profemoral tooth without an emargination between the tooth and femoral apex, smaller size (2.4–3.5 mm) and narrow tarsomere 3, which is only slightly wider than tarsomere 2.</p><p>Comparative notes. The most closely related species is A. brevispinus, from which A. variabilis differs only by smaller size, on average narrower apex of penis, less sclerotized lobes of plates of sternite IX and spermatheca with weakly developed ramus and nodulus as well as smaller corpus in relation to cornu. The anterior elytral band in males is formed by densely arranged whitish seta-like broad scales and often is nearly confluent with the posterior band. The similarity of the two species, which differ only in body size and slight, questionably significant differences in genitalia and elytral pattern, is reminiscent of other sibling species in the genus, e.g. A. pomorum (Herbst) and A. humeralis (Panzer) or A. rufus Gyllenhal and A. commutatus Dieckmann, which have different host plants (Dieckmann 1968; 1975) suggesting an isopatric speciation of these species. I could confirm different host plants in Iran (Khaneh Zenyan), where I collected A. brevispinus and A. variabilis in one place on two different Prunus species.</p><p>Biological notes. This species was collected in Iran from “ Amygdalus reuteri ” (Hoffmann 1963). Also in Iran, I collected this species in Khaneh Zanyen from P. eburnea (Spach) Aitchison and in Morgab env. on shrubby species, which was either P. erioclada Bornmüller or P. lycioides (Spach) C. K. Schneider (I. Mehregan pers. comm.). Beetles were always collected by beating Prunus, which were after the middle of their blossoming or were with small fruits.</p><p>Distribution. Iran. Record from Izmir, Turkey (Dieckmann 1968) requires confirmation.</p><p>Non-type specimens examined. IRAN: Qorveh env., 1700 m, 35°10.3’N 48°54.9, 17.V.2013, Košťál leg. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ KO); Kazeroun, V.1959, Remaudiere leg. (1 ♂, MNHN); Ardakan env., 2300 m, 30°22.0’N 51°46.9’E, 6.V.2008, Košťál leg. (1 ♀ KO); Khaneh Zenyan pr. Shiraz, 2000 m, 29°36.7’N 52°16.3’E, 26.IV.2006, Košťál leg. (1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ KO); Morghab env., 2250 m, 30°23.4’N 53°11.0’E, 13.V.2013, Košťál leg. (1 ♂ KO); Navabgan (Darab), 1200 m, 16.III.1961, Remaudiere leg. (3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ MNHN); Rayen 15 km W, 3000 m, 29°33.3’N 57°18.3’E, 24.IV.2006, Košťál leg. (3 ♂♂, 1♀ KO).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393727E8C111106AB9074A5FD00FA70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Košťál, Michael	Košťál, Michael (2014): Revision of the subgenus Persexarthrus Voss of the genus Anthonomus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Anthonomini). Zootaxa 3785 (4): 561-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.5
0393727E8C121107AB90767EFDB1FB74.text	0393727E8C121107AB90767EFDB1FB74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) fraudulentus (Voss) Voss	<div><p>Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) fraudulentus (Voss)</p><p>Figs 4, 13, 22</p><p>Anthomorphus fraudulentus Voss, 1960: 150 .</p><p>Type locality. Kandahar (Afghanistan).</p><p>Type series. Anthomorphus fraudulentus was described based on a single specimen from Southern Afghanistan, Kandahar - Kuna. I examined one female specimen from coll. Voss (ZFMK) labeled “ Holotypus [red printed] / Anthomorphus (Persexarthrus) fraudulentus E. Voss det. 1956 n.sp. [red asterisk] / J. Klapperich Kandahar – Kuna 1200 m, 1.3.53 S-Afghanistan / Anthomorphus fraudulentus Voss, 1959 [folded label]”. I dissected its genitalia and added a label “Michael Košťál reprep. 2013”. This specimen fully corresponds to the original description and there is no doubt it is the holotype. The holotype is 2.94 mm long, completely preserved, with right elytron disjointed.</p><p>Redescription. Female (Fig. 22). Length 2.9 mm. Body: moderately slender, very slightly broadened posteriorly. Rostrum: yellowish, long (Rl/Pl = 1.31); in lateral view regularly curved, uniform in width from base to apex; in dorsal view with parallel sides to antennal insertion, upper sides markedly emarginate at rostrum base making lateral rostral grooves visible here, in distal part first slightly narrowed and then slightly broadened to apex, shiny, densely finely punctured from base to apex, in basal quarter with few seta-like recumbent scales. Head: frons broader than rostrum at base and of same width as rostrum at apex, very densely and finely sculptured, with white seta-like scales directed laterally; eyes prominent. Antennae: Yellowish red with slightly darkened club, inserted slightly behind middle of rostrum length; funicular segment 1 2.3x longer than wide, segment 2 hardly longer than wide; club spindle-shaped, about twice as long as wide. Pronotum: yellowish, with medium sized rounded punctures, intervals between punctures of about same width as diameter of punctures; on sides of disc and in anterior part of midline with sparse whitish recumbent seta-like scales forming narrow medial white line restricted to anterior part of pronotum; transverse (Pw/Pl = 1.36), broadest shortly in middle, with subparallel sides in middle part of pronotum length, visibly constricted after anterior margin, weakly convex at the disc. Elytra: Yellowish; moderately long (El/Ew = 1.46), subparallel, widest after 1/2 of length, flat on disc. Striae and interstriae visible on the majority of their surface. Whitish recumbent seta-like scales clustered on elytral base, between second and third 1/3 of elytral length forming a band, on interstriae 4–5 shortly before apex forming a patch and on apex itself. Elytra with scattered scales among densely squamose parts of elytra. Legs: Entirely yellowish, covered with whitish recumbent, on posterior femoral side at base nearly upright long white seta-like to hair-like thin scales; profemora with large triangular tooth and anteapical emargination (Fig. 4); tarsomere 3 very small, emarginate, of same width as tarsomere 2, onychium of the same length as tarsomeres 1–2 combined; claws simple. Venter: Regularly covered with white seta-like scales, medial part of metasternum, ventrite 1 and 2 with fine dense transverse furrowing and clearly visible, small round punctures. Spermatheca: Fig. 13.</p><p>Variability. There is only a single female known of this species.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is easily recognizable by its large profemoral teeth and very narrow tarsomere 3 as well as by a very short funicular segment 2.</p><p>Comparative notes. Anthonomnus fraudulentus is most closely related to A. baudueri, from which it differs by narrow tarsomere 3 and a globose funicular segment 2 that is slightly longer than wide.</p><p>Biological notes. No available data.</p><p>Distribution. Afghanistan.</p><p>Non-type material examined. None.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393727E8C121107AB90767EFDB1FB74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Košťál, Michael	Košťál, Michael (2014): Revision of the subgenus Persexarthrus Voss of the genus Anthonomus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Anthonomini). Zootaxa 3785 (4): 561-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.5
0393727E8C131100AB90757DFD5DFAE4.text	0393727E8C131100AB90757DFD5DFAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) behnei	<div><p>Anthonomus (Persexarthrus) behnei sp. n.</p><p>Figs 3, 8, 12, 20, 21</p><p>Type locality. Morghab (Iran).</p><p>Type series. Holotype: male “ IRAN mer. FARS Kuhha-ye Zagros Mts. Michael Košťál leg. / Kuh-e Kum Mts. Morghab env. 2250 m N 30°23.4’ E 53°11.0’ 13.v.2013 / Amygdalus sp. / HOLOTYPUS Anthonomus behnei sp.n. Michael Košťál des. 2013“ (KO). Paratypes: same data as holotype (15 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀ KO; 1 ♂ 1♀ DEI; 1 ♂ 1♀ BE); “ IRAN mer. FARS Kuhha-ye Zagros Mts. Michael Košťál leg. / Ardakan env. 2300 m N 30°22.0’ E 51°46.9’ 6.v.2008 “ (1 ♀ KO).; “ IRAN mer. FARS Kuhha-ye Zagros Mts. Michael Košťál leg. / Khaneh Zenyan pr. Shiraz 2000 m N 29°36.7’ E 52°16.3’ 3.v.2008 / Amygdalus sp.” (2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ KO); same data but date “ 14.v.2013 ” (1 ♂, 1 ♀ KO).</p><p>Description. Male (holotype) (Fig. 20). Length 2.43 mm. Body: moderately slender, very slightly broadened posteriorly. Rostrum: black, long (Rl/Pl = 1.45); in lateral view regularly weakly curved, uniform in width from base to apex; in dorsal view widened from base to apex, densely roughly sculptured with intermixed elongated punctures, especially at apex, before antennal insertion with two parallel slightly indicated furrows, with dark brown recumbent seta-like scales, at rostrum base intermixed with recumbent whitish seta-like scales. Head: frons approximately of same width as rostrum at base, very densely sculptured, with white and light brown seta-like scales mostly directed laterally and some anteriorly; eyes prominent. Antennae: Reddish brown with dark brown club, inserted at about 2/3 of rostrum length; funicular segment 1 2.1x longer than wide, segment 2 much more slender than segment 1, slightly longer than wide; club spindle-shaped, 2.4x as long as wide. Pronotum: dark brown to blackish with brown narrow anterior margin, with large, irregularly rounded punctures: intervals between punctures considerably narrower than puncture diameter, shining; on sites and in middle line moderately densely covered with whitish and intemixed brown recumbent seta-like scales forming nearly unnoticeable broad lateral clearly visible medial white longitudinal line; transverse (Pw/Pl = 1.52), broadest shortly after middle, with unequally rounded sides, slightly and broadly constricted at anterior margin; disc slightly convex. Elytra: Dark brown to blackish, interstria 1 very slightly lighter; suboval (El/Ew = 1.45), in first two thirds of length slightly divergent, broadly rounded at posterior third, widest between medium and last third, flat on disc. Striae formed by deep round closely arranged punctures, weakly narrower than interstriae; interstriae very finely sculptured. Whitish recumbent hair-like tiny scales very densely covering scutellum; considerably longer whitish elongated (l/w ≈ 7) seta-like scales sparsely scattered on elytra and here intermixed with light brown subrecumbent thin scales, especially in posterior half of elytra with blackish suberect seta-like scales. More densely arranged scales only feebly indicate anterior disc macula, broad anterior band and the posterior band. Legs: Dark brown to black except brown reddish femoral base, femorotibial junction, tibial apex, tarsomere 1 and basal part of claws, sparsely covered by whitish to brown reddish subrecumbent to suberect seta-like scales; profemora with large triangular sharp tooth (Fig. 3), meso- and metafemora with very small sharp tooth; tarsomere 3 weakly bilobed and only slightly wider than tarsomere 2, onychium shorter than tarsomeres 1–2 combined; claws with small teeth in middle of their length. Venter: Regularly covered with white seta-like scales, medial part of metasternum, ventrite 1 and 2 with fine dense transverse furrowing and round deep punctures. Penis: Fig. 8 a–c. Plates of sternite IX: Fig. 8 d.</p><p>Female (Fig. 21). As in male except rostrum slightly longer (Rl/Pl = 1.56–1.65) and more strongly curved. Spermatheca: Fig. 12.</p><p>Variability. Length in males 2.2–3.1 mm, in females 2.6 – 4.0 mm. Integument varies only slightly, especially in some larger specimens which have the humeri brown to brown-reddish. Elytra of densely white squamose specimens with two dark bands with only blackish seta-like scales. Anterior dark band V-shaped, convergent posteriorly, posterior one rectangularly transverse. In some specimens the distal half of the femora is reddish.</p><p>Etymology. I devote this species to my friend and eminent weevil specialist Lutz Behne, who helped me considerably with material from the Dieckmann collection and with literature.</p><p>Diagnosis. Anthonomus behnei is the only known species of the subgenus Persexarthrus with toothed claws.</p><p>Comparative notes. This species is most similar to dark specimens of A. variabilis, from which it differs by having toothed claws and less developed sexual dimorphism and by genitalia of both sexes.</p><p>Biological notes. I collected this species in Iran in Khaneh Zenyan on Prunus eburnea (Spach) Aitchison together with A. variabilis and in Morghab on a shrubby species, which was either P. erioclada Bornmüller or P. lycioides (Spach) C. K. Schneider (I. Mehregan pers. comm.).</p><p>Distribution. Iran.</p><p>Non-type specimens examined. None.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393727E8C131100AB90757DFD5DFAE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Košťál, Michael	Košťál, Michael (2014): Revision of the subgenus Persexarthrus Voss of the genus Anthonomus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Anthonomini). Zootaxa 3785 (4): 561-574, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.5
