taxonID	type	description	language	source
03908784A35FFF94DCD6FBA2FD6D3D13.taxon	description	Redescription. Small (4.5 mm) to medium size (12.0 mm). Head from slightly to distinctly retractile; frons transverse, convex; coarsely punctate, punctures variable in size, depth, and quantity. Eyes moderately coarsely faceted; upper eye lobes narrower than lower eye lobes, from slightly to distinctly inclined in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; eye lobes from close to distant from each other, with or without ommatidia between them. Genae distinctly longer than lower eye lobes. Antennal tubercles from close to each other, somewhat V-shaped in frontal view, to distant from each other, at least somewhat U-shaped in frontal view. Antennae filiform, 11 - segmented, from very short, not reaching middle of elytra, to moderately long, slightly surpassing elytral apex; without erect setae ventrally; scape slightly and gradually widened basally, then subcylindrical, variable in length; antennomere III from shorter to longer than scape; antennomere IV usually distinctly shorter than III; antennomeres V – XI distinctly shorter than IV. Maxillary palpomere IV and labial palpomere III fusiform, with narrowed apex in females; in males from subfusiform to fusiform, always with truncate apex (truncature from narrow to slightly wide, usually wider on maxillary palpomere IV). Prothorax from slightly longer than wide to slightly wider than long; narrowed apically, often slightly rounded on anterior 3 / 4. Pronotum with or without tubercles or gibbosities, often rugose; coarsely punctate, punctures variable in size, depth, and quantity. Sides of prothorax coarsely punctate, punctures variable in size, depth, and quantity, often rugose. Prosternum narrow centrally. Prosternal process variable in size, with narrowest area from about 0.2 times to about 0.8 times procoxal width. Procoxal cavities closed behind. Mesoventral process with widest area from about 0.3 times to 0.8 times mesocoxal width. Mesocoxal cavities closed laterally. Metaventrite very short. Elytra from ovoid to elongate, often strongly convex; humeral width from as wide as posterior region of prothorax to slightly wider; lateral area close to humerus from not to distinctly constricted; surface tuberculate, tubercles variable in size and quantity; epipleural margin from almost straight from base to apex to distinctly inclined posteriorly; surface often rugose, coarsely punctate, pubescent; with or without thick and short erect setae; elytral suture fused. Femora subclaviform. Protibiae with distinct spiniform projection ventrally in male, rarely absent, absent in females; mesotibiae with distinct spiniform projection ventrally in males, from shorter to longer than that in protibiae, present even when absent in protibiae, absent in females; mesotibiae sulcate dorsally near apex. Abdomen with ventrites longitudinally convex; ventrite 5 the longest and generally longer than ventrites 3 – 4 combined; in females, it is usually swollen on anterior region, with a weakly to strongly inclined apical third or fifth and, in some cases, with a longitudinal groove on center of basal third or half.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A35FFF94DCD6FBA2FD6D3D13.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The presence of a spiniform projection on the ventral apex of the pro- and mesotibiae has not been mentioned as a sexual dimorphism in Phrynidius. Breuning (1971) reported on the tibiae of some species (translated): “ Mesotibiae with spine on the inner apex ” in P. inaequalis (Say, 1835); “ tibiae without apical spine ” in P. armatus Linsley, 1933 and P. asper Bates, 1885; and “ Mesotibiae without apical spine ” in P. echinus Bates, 1880; however, he did not note that this was a sexual feature. Another sexual dimorphism not reported in Phrynidius is the shape of the last segments of the palpi: truncate in males, subacute in females. As the features used by Lacordaire (1869) to describe Phrynidius were based on a single species, it is evident that some of them are specific and not generic. However, some features reported by Breuning (1971) need to be discussed as follows: – “ Antennae moderately strong, shorter than the body, not or slightly fringed below. ” Even considering the species known in 1971, the antennomeres III – XI are variable in width and may be distinctly slender as, for example, in P. echinoides Breuning, 1940 (Figs 106 – 108). The antennae may also be slightly longer than the body, a feature not present in the species known in 1971. No species of Phrynidius has erect setae ventrally (“ slightly fringed below ”); in some species, there are a few very short and arched dark setae ventrally, which cannot be described as a fringe; – “ scape very long and slender. ” The scape has variable length, even considering the species known in 1971 as, for example, proportionally short in P. inaequalis and distinctly longer in P. echinoides; – “ Apical palpomeres short, very convex, rounded apically. ” In fact, they are not short, especially in females, and cannot be described as rounded apically, even in females; – “ Antennal tubercles small, very close to each other and very salient. ” In fact, they are not close to each other in some species, even considering the species known in 1971 (see P. inaequalis); – “ Eyes coarsely faceted, strongly emarginate, lower eye lobes small, transverse. ” The eyes are distinctly divided in some species and the lower eye lobes are not transverse in any species; – “ humeri rounded. ” In fact, they are usually not rounded. Diversity. Herewith is a checklist of the species of Phrynidius, including the new species and new country record provided in this work: 1. Phrynidius armatus Linsley, 1933: 131 — described from Guatemala, Chimaltenango, Santa Ilena (probably, Santa Elena) and Chicavac. Currently, it is known from Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, and Nicaragua; 2. Phrynidius asper Bates, 1885: 334 — described from Guatemala, Totonicapán. Currently, it is known from Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; 3. Phrynidius cristinae Gutiérrez, Toledo & Noguera, 2020: 47 — described from Mexico, Chiapas, Reserva El Triunfo. It remains known only from Mexico (Chiapas); 4. Phrynidius diminutus Gutiérrez, Toledo & Noguera, 2020: 49 — described from Mexico, Chiapas, San Cristobal, Reserva Hitepec. It remains known only from Mexico (Chiapas); 5. Phrynidius echinoides Breuning, 1940: 407 — Breuning (1940) described this species from Mexico (no further details). However, according to Gutiérrez et al. (2020): “ Phrynidius echinoides was described by Breuning (1940) from Mexico. However, this record is probably incorrect, since the type locality is “ Cerro Zunil ”, which is located in Guatemala and not in Mexico (Selander and Vaurie 1962). ” Therefore, this species is currently known only from Guatemala; 6. Phrynidius echinus Bates, 1880: 93 — described from Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, San Juan. Additionally, Bates (1880) provided other places: Sabo and Vera Paz. According to Selander & Vaurie (1962): “ SABO = Sabob, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. Coffee plantation in the northeastern corner of Baja Verapaz about 6 km. east of Purulhá; 2900 feet; 15 ° 15 ’, 90 ° 09 ’; ” and “ VERA PAZ = Alta Verapaz or Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. Former large department now divided into two departments. ” Currently, it is known from Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama; 7. Phrynidius guatemalensis Noguera & Santos-Silva, 2023: 469 — described from Guatemala, Baja Verapaz, Hotel Ranchitos del Quetzal. It remains known only from Guatemala (Baja Verapaz); 8. Phrynidius guifarroi Santos-Silva, Van Roie & Jocqué, 2021 — described from Honduras, Cortés, Cusuco National Park. Currently, it is known from Guatemala (Baja Verapaz) and Honduras (Cortés); 9. Phrynidius guisayotensis Noguera, Anderson & Santos-Silva, sp. nov., from Honduras, Ocotepeque, El Portillo and Reserva Biológica El Guisayote; 10. Phrynidius hondureno Noguera, Anderson & Santos-Silva, sp. nov., from Honduras, (Santa Barbara, 13 km SE El Mochito) and Olancho (Parque Nacional La Muralla) and Cortés (4 km S Potrerillos and Merendón); 11. Phrynidius inaequalis (Say, 1835: 193) — described from Mexico (no further details). Currently, it is known from Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, and Veracruz), and Honduras; 12. Phrynidius jonesi Gutiérrez, Toledo & Noguera, 2020: 51 — described from Mexico, Chiapas, Trinitaria, Cinco Lagos, Lagos de Montebello. Currently, it is known from Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala (Baja Verapaz); 13. Phrynidius murallaensis Noguera, Anderson & Santos-Silva, sp. nov., from Honduras, Olancho, Parque Nacional La Muralla, Sendero Pizote; 14. Phrynidius nayaritensis Heffern, Nascimento & Santos-Silva, 2018: 70 — described from Mexico, Nayarit, 20 km E Las Piedras. Currently, it is known from Mexico (Nayarit) and Honduras (Olancho); 15. Phrynidius oaxacanensis Noguera & Santos Silva, 2023: 467 — described from Mexico, Oaxaca, Hwy 175, 76 km NE Oaxaca and 3.7 mi. S Valle Nacional. It remains known only from Mexico (Oaxaca); 16. Phrynidius obrieni Noguera & Santos-Silva, 2023: 460 — described from Honduras, Atlántida, Liberia (National Park Pico Bonito). It remains known only from Honduras (Atlántida); 17. Phrynidius palliapicalis Noguera, Anderson & Santos-Silva, sp. nov., from Honduras, Cortés (4 km S Potrerillos) and Comayagua (9 km WSW Siguatepeque); 18. Phrynidius pallifemoralis Noguera & Santos-Silva, 2023: 464 — described from Mexico, Oaxaca (3.7 miles S Valle Nacional) and Hidalgo (Hwy 105, 2.4 mi N Thanchinol). It remains known only from Mexico (Oaxaca and Hidalgo); 19. Phrynidius poriferus Noguera & Santos-Silva, 2023: 455 — described from Honduras, Atlántida (Liberia [National Park Pico Bonito] and La Ceiba). It remains known from Honduras (Atlántida); 20. Phrynidius salvadorensis salvadorensis Franz, 1954: 220 — described from El Salvador, San Salvador, San Salvador. Currently, it is known from El Salvador and Honduras; 20 a. Phrynidius salvadorensis montecristensis Franz, 1954: 221 — described from El Salvador, Santa Ana, Monte Cristo. Currently, it is known from El Salvador and Honduras; 21. Phrynidius sanctabarbaraensis Noguera, Anderson & Santos-Silva, sp. nov., from Honduras, Santa Barbara, 13 km SE El Mochito; 22. Phrynidius schusteri Noguera, Anderson & Santos-Silva, sp. nov., from Guatemala, El Progreso, Sierra de las Minas, near Cerro Pinalón, Las Cabañas; 23. Phrynidius singularis Bates, 1880: 92 — described from Guatemala, Baja Verapaz, San Jerónimo. Currently, it is known from Mexico (Oaxaca), Guatemala (Baja Verapaz), and Honduras; 24. Phrynidius skillmani Noguera & Santos-Silva, 2023: 458 — described from Guatemala, Izabal, Morales, Finca la Firmeza, Sierra de Caral. It remains known only Guatemala (Izabal); 25. Phrynidius stegosaurus Noguera, Anderson & Santos-Silva, sp. nov., from Guatemala, Alta Verapaz (Chelemhá Cloud Forest Reserve) and El Progreso (Cerro Pinalón); 26. Phrynidius tigranensis Noguera, Anderson & Santos-Silva, sp. nov., from Honduras, Francisco Morazán, Parque Nacional La Tigra; 27. Phrynidius tuberculatus Gutiérrez, Toledo & Noguera, 2020: 53 — described from Mexico, Chiapas, Jaltenango, El Triunfo. It remains known from Mexico (Chiapas); 28. Phrynidius wibmeri Noguera & Santos-Silva, 2023: 462 — described from Mexico, Verapaz, Estación de Biología Los Tuxtlas. It remains known from Mexico (Veracruz); 29. Phrynidius zacapensis Noguera, Anderson & Santos-Silva, sp. nov., from Guatemala, Zacapa, Sierra de Las Minas, El Naranjo, S slope below San Lorenzo Mine. |	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A35DFF92DCD6F9A5FCA63CB9.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 7) Dimensions in mm (female holotype / female paratypes). Total length, 8.05 / 7.85 – 7.90; prothoracic length, 2.25 / 2.25 – 2.35; anterior prothoracic width, 1.95 / 1.80 – 1.90; posterior prothoracic width, 2.00 / 1.90 – 2.00; maximum prothoracic width, 2.25 / 2.20 – 2.30; humeral width, 2.20 / 2.05 – 2.20; elytral length, 5.15 / 4.85 – 4.95. Description. Female holotype. Integument mostly dark brown; apex of palpomeres yellowish; anteclypeus pale yellowish brown. Head. Frons convex, sparsely, coarsely punctate; with abundant pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument on longitudinal area close to median groove and laterally between inferior margin of eyes and clypeus, and transverse area close to antennal tubercles and clypeus; remaining surface with sparse pale-yellow pubescence; with short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed throughout. Vertex coarsely, deeply punctate; with dense, bristly pale pubescence laterally between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes, glabrous centrally between upper eye lobes, and with dense, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence with glabrous areas interspersed between upper eye lobes and prothorax. Area between eyes sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, not obscuring punctures; with a few short, arched, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennal tubercles close to each other, with area between them V-shaped; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, and abundant, short, arched, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed, except glabrous apex. Genae 1.8 times longer than lower eye lobe; sparsely, coarsely punctate, except smooth apex; with abundant pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument on wide area close to eye, glabrous on apex, and dense pale-yellow pubescence close to glabrous area; with short, arched, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed. Wide central area of postclypeus with abundant, bristly pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument close to frons, distinctly sparser and yellowish-white close to anteclypeus; with short, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed on area close to frons and long, erect, squamiform yellowish-brown setae interspersed on area close to anteclypeus. Labrum sparsely, finely punctate close to anteclypeus, abundantly coarsely punctate centrally, and abundantly, coarsely, shallowly punctate anteriorly, with dense fine punctures interspersed, including inside coarse punctures; with sparse whitish pubescence on posterior half and moderately long, erect yellowish-brown setae on sides of remaining surface, except anterior margin with fringe of dense yellowish-brown setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.49 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.75 times distance between outer margins of eyes; upper lobe slightly inclined in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; area between eye lobes without ommatidia. Antennae as long as elytra, reaching middle of elytra. Scape gradually widened on basal half, subparallel-sided on apical half; with abundant pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument basally and apically and moderately sparse, squamiform, decumbent brown pubescence on remaining surface; with abundant, slender, erect, arched dark-brown setae and sparse, squamiform, erect, arched yellowish setae interspersed. Pedicel almost glabrous basally, with abundant yellowish pubescence partially obscuring integument on remaining surface; with a few short, erect, slender, arched dark-brown setae and a few short, erect, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennomere III with abundant yellowish pubescence on basal fifth and moderately sparse brown pubescence on remaining surface; with abundant, slender, erect, arched dark-brown setae interspersed throughout, and sparse, squamiform, erect, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed on basal half. Antennomere IV with abundant yellowish pubescence partially obscuring integument on basal quarter, abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument apically, and abundant brown pubescence not obscuring integument on wide central area; with moderately abundant, slender, erect, arched dark-brown setae interspersed on basal 3 / 4, and sparse, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed on basal half; apical region of outer margin without modification (Fig. 5). Antennomeres V – X with abundant dark yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence lighter apically, and a few short, slender yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennomere XI with abundant yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.19; pedicel = 0.26; IV = 0.67; V = 0.38; VI = 0.38; VII = 0.36; VIII = 0.33; IX = 0.33; X = 0.33; XI = 0.47. Thorax. Prothorax as long as wide; sides slightly, gradually widened from anterolateral angles to posterior third, then narrowed toward posterior sixth and subparallel-sided toward posterolateral angles. Pronotum coarsely rugose except longitudinal central area smooth and slightly elevated; with arched, slightly distinct gibbosity on posterior half; sparsely, coarsely punctate; posterior half with psi-shaped pale-yellow pubescent macula and remaining surface with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument; with short, subdecumbent, squamiform yellowish setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax coarsely rugose-punctate; with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument; with short, subdecumbent, squamiform yellowish setae interspersed. Prosternum sparsely, coarsely punctate, punctures shallower centrally; with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument laterally, and abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument on remaining surface, yellowish-white pubescence slenderer than yellowish-brown pubescence. Prosternal process sparsely, coarsely punctate; with abundant pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument; narrowest area 0.39 times procoxal width. Central area of mesoventrite with moderately sparse yellowish-white pubescence and sides with dense light yellowish-brown pubescence. Mesanepisterna with sparse yellowish-white pubescence close to prothorax and dense light yellowish-brown pubescence close to mesepimeron. Mesepimera almost glabrous. Mesoventral process slightly narrowed centrally, truncate apically; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument and short, decumbent, squamiform yellowish setae interspersed; narrowest area 0.5 times mesocoxal width. Metanepisterna and sides of metaventrite with abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument; remaining surface of metaventrite with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; metaventrite with short, suberect, squamiform, arched yellowish setae interspersed. Scutellum almost semi-circular shaped, with abundant pale-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument on apex of exposed area, glabrous on sides of exposed area. Elytra. Basally narrowed, wider than posterior region of prothorax, widened, rounded toward posterior quarter, then narrowed toward rounded apex; widest area 1.5 times humeral width; with moderately abundant small tubercles with blunt apex, not distinctly aligned, tubercles somewhat greater on sides of posterior third; surface somewhat rugose, sparsely, coarsely, deeply punctate; with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence on some areas, glabrous on others (probably partially lost), pubescence denser on tubercles. Legs. Femora slightly, gradually widened on basal half, more distinctly widened on apical half; with abundant pale-yellow pubescence basally and apically and brown pubescence not obscuring integument on remaining surface; with short, suberect, squamiform, arched yellowish setae interspersed. Protibiae concave ventrally near apex; with abundant pale-yellow pubescence basally, except glabrous base of ventral surface, and brown pubescence on remaining surface, brown pubescence absent on some areas, except sides of apical area with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument near glabrous apex, and dense, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence on apex of ventral surface; with moderately abundant, short, erect, slender, arched dark-brown setae and sparse, short, suberect, squamiform, arched yellowish setae interspersed. Meso- and metatibiae with pubescence and setae similar to those on protibiae, except dorsal sulcus on mesotibiae with fringe of golden setae. Dorsal surface of tarsomeres with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous central area of tarsomeres I – II; central apex of tarsomeres I – II with a few short yellowish-white setae directed backward. Abdomen. Ventrites with abundant, both whitish and yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument. Male. Unknown.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A35DFF92DCD6F9A5FCA63CB9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet ‘ tigranensis’ refers to the name of La Tigra National Park, a protected natural area in Honduras, where the individuals of the type series were collected.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A35DFF92DCD6F9A5FCA63CB9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype from HONDURAS, Francisco Morazán: P. N. [Parque Nacional] La Tigra, 19. V. 1995, R. Turnbow leg. (FSCA, formerly RHTC). Paratypes — 2 females, same data as holotype (MZSP; RHTC).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A35DFF92DCD6F9A5FCA63CB9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phrynidius tigranensis is similar to P. armatus (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Noguera & Santos-Silva (2023 )), but differs as follows: antennomere IV (Fig. 5) about 3 times as long as its maximum width; pronotum with slightly distinct gibbosities (Fig. 4); prothorax about as long as humeral width (Fig. 1); in lateral view, base of the elytra slightly inclined toward the posterior region of the pronotum (Fig. 3); narrowest area of prosternal process narrower than half of procoxal width (Fig. 2); central width of the mesoventral process 0.5 times mesocoxal width (Fig. 2). In females of P. armatus (studied through photographs of the allotype female), the antennomere IV is slightly longer than 4.0 times its maximum width, pronotum has distinct tubercles, especially centrally, in lateral view, the base of the elytra is distinctly inclined toward the posterior region of the pronotum, prothorax distinctly longer than humeral width, prothorax distinctly longer than its maximum width, narrowest area of prosternal process distinctly wider than half of procoxal width, central width of the mesoventral process about 2 / 3 mesocoxal width. It differs from P. salvadorensis salvadorensis and P. salvadorensis montecristensis (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Franz (1954 )) especially by antennomere IV shorter and the base of the elytra slightly inclined toward the posterior region of the pronotum in lateral view, while the antennomere IV is proportionally longer and the elytra are distinctly inclined toward the posterior region of the pronotum in the two subspecies of P. salvadorensis; from P. asper Bates, 1885 (see photographs on Bezark 2025) especially by the maximum elytral width about 1.5 times humeral width (2.0 times humeral width in P. asper); from P. pallifemoralis (Figs 102 – 105) by the antennomere III with abundant, erect, and arched dark setae (almost absent in P. pallifemoralis), and by the antennomere IV slightly longer than half of III (slightly shorter than III in females of P. pallifemoralis); from P. cristinae by the antennomere IV distinctly shorter than the basal width of the elytron (about as wide as the basal width of the elytron in P. cristinae), and elytra proportionally longer and narrow (shorter and wider in P. cristinae); and from P. murallaensis (Figs 35 – 47) by the antennomere III shorter than basal width of the elytron (from slightly to distinctly longer in P. murallaensis), and antennomere IV at most as long as half of basal width of the elytron (distinctly longer than half of basal width of the elytron in both sexes of P. murallaensis).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A359FF9EDCD6FF56FB7B3A1D.taxon	description	(Figs 8 – 23) Dimensions in mm (female holotype / male paratype / female paratypes). Total length, 8.95 / 7.70 / 9.10 – 9.15; prothoracic length, 2.65 / 2.55 / 2.90 – 2.92; anterior prothoracic width, 2.15 / 1.90 / 2.30 – 2.35; posterior prothoracic width, 2.15 / 1.95 / 2.30 – 2.40; maximum prothoracic width, 2.65 / 2.40 / 2.70 – 2.85; humeral width, 2.35 / 2.20 / 2.45 – 2.70; elytral length, 5.60 / 4.60 / 5.40 – 5.70. Description. Female holotype (Figs 8 – 15). Integument mostly blackish; anteclypeus mostly dark brown; antennomeres IV – XI brown. Head. Frons convex, sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, except glabrous median groove, and short, squamiform, suberect whitish setae interspersed. Vertex and area behind eyes with sculpturing and pubescence as on frons, except glabrous median groove; with interspersed squamiform whitish setae, shorter and sparser than on frons. Antennal tubercles distant from each other forming U-shaped area between them; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and abundant, short, suberect, squamiform whitish setae interspersed. Genae 1.5 times longer than lower eye lobe; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except glabrous apex. Wide central area of postclypeus with pubescence and whitish setae as on frons posteriorly, with abundant yellowish-white pubescence laterally close to anteclypeus, glabrous centrally close to anteclypeus, except a few short whitish setae on anterior margin; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Sides of postclypeus smooth, glabrous. Labrum sparsely, both coarsely and finely punctate; with sparse, long, erect yellowish-brown setae except anterior margin with fringe of dark yellowish-brown setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.45 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.77 times distance between outer margins of eyes; upper eye lobe oblique in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; area between eye lobes with one ommatidium. Antennae 1.35 times elytral length, reaching posterior quarter of elytra. Scape gradually widened on basal quarter, subparallel-sided on apical 3 / 4; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, except pale-yellow pubescence on dorsal apex, and short, arched, squamiform white setae interspersed, white setae more abundant dorsally. Pedicel almost glabrous on basal half, posterior half with pubescence and white setae as on scape. Antennomere III slightly arched, with pubescence and white setae as on scape. Basal 4 / 5 of antennomere IV with pubescence and white setae as on scape; apical fifth abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, and short, suberect whitish setae interspersed; apex with a few short white setae directed forward. Antennomeres V – IX with pubescence and setae as on apical fifth of IV. Basal 3 / 4 of antennomere X with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, and short, suberect whitish setae interspersed; apical quarter with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument and apex with a few short white setae directed forward. Antennomere XI with abundant whitish pubescence partially obscuring integument. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.85; pedicel = 0.17; IV = 0.52; V = 0.29; VI = 0.26; VII = 0.26; VIII = 0.25; IX = 0.25; X = 0.25; XI = 0.30. Thorax. Prothorax slightly longer than wide; sides slightly rounded from anterolateral angles to posterior quarter, subparallel-sided from this point toward posterolateral angles, with two rounded protuberances, one before and one after middle. Pronotum with central region gradually elevated from near posterior margin to about middle, then concave and followed by distinctly elevated tubercle; with irregular gibbosity on each side of anterior half; surface distinctly rugose, sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense dark yellowish-brown pubescence; anterocentral tubercle with short, decumbent, squamiform white setae converging toward apex; remaining surface with a few short, decumbent, squamiform white setae. Sides of prothorax coarsely rugose-punctate; with dense dark yellowish-brown pubescence. Prosternum sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense dark yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, pubescence slightly sparser centrally. Prosternal process with dense yellowish-brown pubescence, except glabrous margins; narrowest area 0.36 times procoxal width. Central area of mesoventrite with sparse brownish pubescence anterocentrally and laterally; sides with dense yellowish-brown pubescence. Mesanepisterna with dense dark yellowish-brown pubescence. Mesepimera mostly glabrous. Metanepisterna and sides of metaventrite with dense yellowish-brown pubescence; remaining surface of metaventrite with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; metaventrite with short, decumbent, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed. Scutellum with its exposed region triangular (Fig. 13), with base of this area slightly wider than 2.5 times its length; with abundant pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence almost absent anterolaterally. Elytra. Ovoid, with base almost as wide as posterior region of prothorax; sides of dorsal surface with row of five large, elevated tubercles, anterior one conical and smallest of them; sides with abundant, both small and moderately large tubercles, largest ones located superiorly just after middle; surface rugose, except dorsal area between row of tubercles and suture with small, slightly elevated protuberances; sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense dark yellowish-brown pubescence, appearing to be lighter in some areas depending on light intensity, and short, decumbent, squamiform whitish setae interspersed, setae more abundant on tubercles. Legs. Pro- and mesofemora slightly, gradually widened on basal half, more distinctly widened on apical half; metafemora more abruptly widened dorsally on apical half; all femora with dense dark yellowish-brown pubescence and moderately abundant, short, decumbent, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed. Protibiae with dense dark yellowish-brown pubescence except apex of dorsal and lateral surfaces with a few short, decumbent yellowish-white setae, apex of ventral surface with dense, bristly yellow setae, darker depending on light source and intensity; with short, decumbent, squamiform whitish setae interspersed. Meso- and metatibiae with dense dark yellowish-brown pubescence, except apex with sparse yellowish-white pubescence dorsally and laterally and abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument ventrally; dorsal sulcus on mesotibiae with dense fringe of dense golden setae. Dorsal surface of tarsomeres with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous anterocentral half of tarsomeres I and anterocentral third of tarsomeres II; central apex of tarsomeres I – II with a few short yellowish-white setae directed backward. Abdomen. Ventrites with abundant, yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence yellower on center of intercoxal process; with short, bristly, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed. Male. Similar to the female, but differing as follows: antennae brown from pedicel to antennomere XI, 1.85 times longer than the length of the elytra, reaching the apex of the apical fifth of the elytra; the elytral tubercles are less prominent and appear somewhat more separated from each other, with different arrangement — although they are aligned obliquely, they do not form a clear row as in the holotype. The third elytral tubercle is located closer to the elytral suture. Variation (Figs 16 – 23). General pubescence yellowish-brown; scape brown; pedicel and antennomeres III – XI orangish brown; legs mostly dark brown; area between eye lobes without ommatidia; lateral prothoracic rounded protuberances slightly distinct; apex of central area of pronotum before concavity with sparse, short, decumbent, squamiform white setae; central area of mesanepisterna with moderately sparse yellowish-white pubescence; scutellum with dense yellowish-brown pubescence anterocentrally and sparse white pubescence on remaining surface; area between row of tubercles and suture on dorsal surface of elytra with distinct tubercle basally; abdominal ventrites with dense yellowish-brown pubescence.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A359FF9EDCD6FF56FB7B3A1D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The term ‘ stegosaurus’ (from the Greek “ stegos, ” meaning covered, especially with a roof, and “ sauros, ” meaning lizard = lizard covered with tiles) refers to the resemblance between the elytral tubercles present in this species and the broad, vertical dorsal plates found in the species of the genus Stegosaurus Marsh, 1887 (Stegosauridae).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A359FF9EDCD6FF56FB7B3A1D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype from GUATEMALA, Alta Verapaz: Chelemhá Cloud For. [Forest] Reserve, 15.38538 - 90.06398, 2203 m, beating plants, 1. VI. 2014, M. A. Jansen & M. Barrios leg. (FSCA, formerly FWSC). Paratypes — 1 female, same data as holotype, except 15.38538 - 90.06162, 31. V – 1. VI. 2014, G. Zhang, M. Jansen & M Barrios leg. (FWSC). El Progreso: Cerro Pinalón, 15.08650 – 89.94445 ± 206 m, 2550 m, 1 male, 3. V. 2009, LLAMA # Go-B- 01 - 2 - 01, cloud forest, beating veg, WORLD WEEVIL DATABASE WWD 0126157 (CMNC). Cerro Pinalón, 15.08385 – 89.94442 ± 207 m, 2570 m, 3. V. 2009, LLAMA # Go-B- 01 - 1 - 01, cloud forest & treefall gap, beating veg., 1 female, WORLD WEEVIL DATABASE WWD 0126155, R. Anderson leg. (CMNC); Cerro Pinalón, Finca Las Nubes, 2574 m, 15.08385 ° N 89.94258 ° W, cloud forest — various, 2009 - 016, 2 females, 1 – 5. V. 2009, R. Anderson leg. (CMNC and CNIN).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A359FF9EDCD6FF56FB7B3A1D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phrynidius stegosaurus is similar to P. tuberculatus, but differs as follows: distance between apices of antennal tubercles distinctly greater than basal diameter of antennomere III; central region of the pronotum gradually elevated from near posterior margin to about middle, then concave and followed by distinctly elevated tubercle; and elytra with two moderately large tubercles on laterodorsal surface between anterior and posterior laterodorsal tubercles. In P. tuberculatus, the distance between apices of the antennal tubercles is slightly smaller than the basal diameter of antennomere III, the central region of the pronotum is gradually and slightly elevated from near the posterior margin to after the middle, then gradually inclined towards the anterior margin, and the elytra with one large tubercle on the laterodorsal surface, between the anterior and posterior laterodorsal tubercles. It differs from P. echinoides (Figs 106 – 108), by the pronotum with a strongly elevated tubercle on the anterior half (absent in P. echinoides), prosternal and mesoventral processes narrower (wider in P. echinoides), and the body, in lateral view, less elevated (more elevated in P. echinoides). Additionally, as we cannot see a spine on the apex of pro- and mesotibiae and the last segment of the palpi is fusiform in the holotype of P. echinoides, we think it is a female; therefore, another difference is the length of the antennae (longer in P. echinoides).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A355FF9BDCD6FF56FB293C71.taxon	description	(Figs 24 – 34) Dimensions in mm (male holotype / male paratypes / female paratypes). Total length, 6.70 / 6.20 – 6.90 / 6.75 – 7.85; prothoracic length, 2.00 / 1.85 – 2.20 / 1.85 – 2.30; anterior prothoracic width, 1.85 / 1.65 – 1.90 / 1.70 – 2.15; posterior prothoracic width, 2.00 / 1.85 – 2.20 / 1.95 – 2.25; maximum prothoracic width, 2.20 / 2.10 – 2.45 / 2.20 – 2.65; humeral width, 2.10 / 2.00 – 2.30 / 2.10 – 2.55; elytral length, 4.10 / 3.85 – 4.50 / 4.35 – 4.70. Description. Male holotype (Figs 24 – 33). Integument mostly dark brown; palpomeres light brown; antennae brown basally, gradually lighter toward apex; anteclypeus dark yellowish brown close to labrum. Tibiae mostly brown, lighter depending on light intensity; tarsi dark yellowish brown. Apical region of abdominal ventrite 5 brown. Head. Frons convex, abundantly, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except sparse pubescence on wide posterocentral region (pubescence on this area probably lost). Median groove very fine, slightly distinct. Vertex moderately abundantly, coarsely punctate; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures. Antennal tubercles not close to each other in dorsal view (Fig. 24); in frontal view, forming V-shaped area (Fig. 32); with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence basally, moderately abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument on wide central area, glabrous on apex. Area behind eyes abundantly, coarsely punctate; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures close to eye, smooth, glabrous close to prothorax. Genae 1.75 times longer than lower eye lobe; abundantly, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except glabrous narrow apical region. Wide central area of postclypeus close to frons with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument and abundant, minute, bristly yellowish-white setae interspersed; area close to anteclypeus with sparse yellowish-white pubescence, and short, long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Sides of postclypeus glabrous. Labrum sparsely, minutely punctate, with coarse punctures interspersed on transverse central area; with sparse, bristly yellowish-white setae, slightly more abundant anterocentrally, long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed, yellowish-brown setae more abundant laterally, and fringe of dense yellowish-brown setae on anterior margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.43 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.75 times distance between outer margins of eyes; upper eye lobe slightly oblique in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; area between eye lobes with one ommatidium (Fig. 33). Antennae 1.45 times elytral length, almost reaching posterior seventh of elytra. Scape slightly, gradually widened from base to near apex; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument except apex of dorsal surface with abundant pale-yellow pubescence; with short, arched, squamiform whitish setae interspersed dorsally. Pedicel almost glabrous on basal half, with abundant yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integument on apical half. Antennomere III glabrous on narrow basal and apical areas, with somewhat narrow area with abundant pale-yellow pubescence close to each glabrous area; remaining surface with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument and short, arched, squamiform whitish setae interspersed dorsally. Apex of outer surface of antennomere IV depressed and flattened, with dense yellowish-white pubescence (Figs 28 – 29); remaining surface with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence and short, arched, squamiform whitish setae interspersed dorsally and laterally. Antennomeres V – XI with abundant yellowish pubescence partially obscuring integument and short erect setae of same color interspersed. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.96; pedicel = 0.18; IV = 0.71; V = 0.36; VI = 0.32; VII = 0.28; VIII = 0.28; IX = 0.25; X = 0.23; XI = 0.36. Thorax. Prothorax slightly rounded on 4 / 5, subparallel-sided on apical fifth. Pronotum with distinct protuberance centrally between anterior and posterior fifths, with its dorsal surface distinctly concave on middle of pronotum, forming two moderately elevated tubercles with blunt apex; with slightly elevated, conical tubercle on each side of middle; surface mostly rugose, abundantly, coarsely punctate; central protuberance with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence, pubescence denser on tubercles and with short, squamiform whitish setae on apex of tubercles; lateral tubercles with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence; remaining surface with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, but with areas with sparse pubescence. Sides of prothorax coarsely rugose-punctate; with moderately abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternum with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument except almost glabrous sides of anterocentral region. Prosternal process with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; narrowest area 0.3 times procoxal width. Wide central area of mesoventrite with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument centrally and laterally; sides with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence. Mesanepisterna, mesepimera, metanespisterna, and metaventrite with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence slightly denser and yellower on center of metaventrite. Scutellum with its exposed region triangular (Fig. 31), with base of this area 2.0 times its length; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence obscuring integument, except sparser pubescence on sides. Elytra. Ovoid, with base slightly wider than posterior region of prothorax; anterior 3 / 4 of dorsal surface with moderately abundant and large conical tubercles not aligned, posterior ones close to suture; abundantly, coarsely punctate; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence absent close to some of punctures, denser on apex of nearly all tubercles. Legs. Femora slightly, gradually widened on basal half, more distinctly widened on apical half; ventral surface concave near apex; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence slightly darker depending on light intensity. Protibiae with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except apex of dorsal and lateral surfaces with sparse yellowish setae and apical third of ventral surface with dense, erect, squamiform yellowish-brown setae; with a few, minute, squamiform, decumbent whitish setae interspersed; apex of ventral surface with distinct spine (Fig. 30). Mesotibiae with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence except apical fifth of lateral surfaces with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, apical fifth of ventral surface with short, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence, and dorsal sulcus with fringe of dense golden erect setae; ventral apex of ventral surface with spine with same length of that on protibia. Metatibiae with pubescence as on mesotibiae except erect golden setae on dorsal surface. Dorsal surface of tarsi with abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous central region of tarsomeres I – II; central apex of tarsomeres I – II with a few short yellowish-white setae directed backward. Abdomen. Ventrites with abundant, pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence whitish on sides of intercoxal process. Female. Similar to male, differing by the antennae shorter, 1.2 times elytral length, slightly surpassing base of posterior third of elytra, and ventral apex of pro- and mesotibiae without spine (Fig. 34). Variation. Frons with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence throughout; prosternum with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument throughout.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A355FF9BDCD6FF56FB293C71.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet ‘ sanctabarbaraensis’ refers to the state of Santa Barbara, Honduras, where the type locality occurs and from where all specimens have been collected.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A355FF9BDCD6FF56FB293C71.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from HONDURAS, Santa Barbara: 13 km SE El Mochito, 16. VII. 1977. C. W. & L. O’Brien & Marshall leg. (FSCA, formerly RHTC). Paratypes — 1 male, same data as holotype (RHTC); 3 females, same data as holotype, except 22. VII. 1977 (1 male, 3 females, RHTC; 1 female, MZSP); 1 male, 2 females, same data as holotype, except 31. VII. 1977 (3 females, RHTC; 1 male, MZSP).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A355FF9BDCD6FF56FB293C71.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phrynidius sanctabarbaraensis is similar to P. wibmeri (see photographs on Bezark 2025 and the original description), but differs as follows: body slender; elytra about twice as long as humeral width; distance between upper eye lobes shorter than basal width of elytron; distance between apices of antennal tubercles shorter than maximum diameter of scape; and elytra without erect and arched setae. In P. wibmeri, the body is stouter, distance between upper eye lobes larger than the basal width of elytron, distance between the apices of the antennal tubercles is equal to maximum diameter of the scape, and elytra with short and arched setae. Phrynidius sanctabarbaraensis differs from P. hondureno (Figs 48 – 59) by the slender body (stouter in P. hondureno), distance between the upper eye lobes equals to 2 / 3 the basal width of the elytron (at least slightly shorter than the basal width of the elytron in P. hondureno), and distance between the apices of the antennal tubercles shorter than the maximum diameter of the scape (at least equals to maximum diameter of the scape in P. hondureno). It differs from P. echinus Bates, 1880 (see photographs on Bezark 2025 and Noguera & Santos-Silva 2023) especially by the dorsal protuberance at the center of the pronotum concave between the tubercles (not concave and forming two tubercles in P. echinus), and by the metatibiae wider (slender in P. echinus). Phrynidius sanctabarbaraensis differs from P. cristinae (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Gutiérrez et al. (2020 )) especially by the antennal tubercles not contiguous basally (contiguous in P. cristinae), area near apex with large tubercles, causing the elytra not to be distinctly rounded at the apex in dorsal view (without large tubercles near apex and elytra distinctly rounded at the apex in dorsal view in P. cristinae), and by the elytra coarsely punctate (finely punctate in P. cristinae).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A350FF86DCD6FF56FBEF38ED.taxon	description	(Figs 35 – 47) Dimensions in mm (male holotype / female paratype). Total length, 7.20 / 7.70; prothoracic length, 2.20 / 2.25; anterior prothoracic width, 1.70 / 1.80; posterior prothoracic width, 1.85 / 1.95; maximum prothoracic width, 2.30 / 2.25; humeral width, 2.00 / 2.10; elytral length, 4.50 / 4.95. Description. Male holotype (Figs 35 – 44). Integument mostly black; ventral mouthparts reddish brown except palpomeres brown with yellowish apex; anteclypeus yellowish brown except translucent anterior region; antennae brown, except reddish-brown base of pedicel and slightly lighter base of antennomeres III – IV; trochanteres mostly reddish brown, especially pro- and mesotrochanters; tarsomeres V and tarsal claws dark reddish brown. Head. Frons sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Vertex, area behind eyes, and genae with sculpturing, pubescence and squamiform setae as on frons, except glabrous apex of genae. Antennal tubercles close to each other, with area between them almost V-shaped; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and abundant, short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed frontally. In frontal view, genae 1.8 times longer than lower eye lobe. Area close to frons of wide central area of postclypeus with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, arched, squamiform whitish setae interspersed; area close to anteclypeus with moderately sparse whitish pubescence and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Labrum with sparse white pubescence and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed on anterior half, except anterior margin with fringe of dense yellowish-brown setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.46 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.73 times distance between outer margins of eyes; upper lobe slightly inclined in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; area between eye lobes without ommatidia. Antennae 1.2 times elytral length, almost reaching posterior third of elytra. Scape slightly, gradually widened on basal third, subcylindrical on remaining surface; with dense yellowish-white pubescence, except yellowish pubescence on base and dense pale-yellow pubescence on apex of dorsal and lateral surfaces; with short, squamiform, suberect, arched yellowish setae interspersed basally, and short, suberect, arched, squamiform, both whitish and brownish setae interspersed on remaining surface. Pedicel with basal half glabrous, except dorsal surface with sparse yellowish-brown pubescence, and distal half with dense yellowish-white pubescence and short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Antennomere III with dense yellowish-white pubescence on basal quarter and narrow apical area on dorsal surface; remaining surface with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, and short, squamiform, arched, suberect, both whitish and brownish setae interspersed. Antennomere IV (Fig. 39) without flattened and depressed area on apex of dorsal surface; with dense yellowish-white pubescence on basal fifth, brownish pubescence on remaining basal 3 / 4, and abundant brownish pubescence not obscuring integument on apical quarter; basal 3 / 4 with short, squamiform, arched, suberect, both whitish and brownish setae interspersed; apical quarter with a few short, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Antennomeres V – X with abundant brownish pubescence partially obscuring integument, and short, erect yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennomere XI with abundant yellowish-white pubescence dorsally and on apical half of sides, and abundant brownish pubescence partially obscuring integument on remaining surface; with short, erect yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.08; pedicel = 0.24; IV = 0.68; V = 0.36; VI = 0.30; VII = 0.30; VIII = 0.28; IX = 0.28; X = 0.28; XI = 0.40. Thorax. Prothorax about as long as wide; sides gradually widened from anterolateral angles to about posterior third, then rounded and narrowed toward subparallel-sided posterior sixth. Pronotum rugose; somewhat sparsely, coarsely punctate; with three slightly distinct gibbosities, one on each side about middle, another centrally near posterior third; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, except gibbosities partially with yellowish-white pubescence converging toward their apices; with short, squamiform whitish setae interspersed, squamiform setae more abundant on center of posterior third. Sides of prothorax with sculpturing, pubescence, and whitish setae as on pronotum, except absent on gibbosities. Prosternum moderately sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, with abundant, minute whitish setae interspersed. Prosternal process with yellowish-brown pubescence and abundant, bristly whitish setae interspersed; narrowest area 0.38 times procoxal width. Ventral surface of meso- and metathorax with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and moderately abundant, bristly whitish setae interspersed, pubescence sparser and whitish near metacoxal cavities and absent close to them. Mesoventral process subparallel-sided, 0.48 times mesocoxal width. Scutellum with exposed area triangular, with its basal area about twice its length; with dense pale-yellow pubescence except subglabrous laterobasal areas. Elytra. Ovoid, basally slightly wider than posterior region of prothorax; widest area 1.55 times humeral width; with moderately abundant and small tubercles subaligned in three rows, one near suture, one about lateral curvature, another arched located between innermost and outermost ones; abundantly, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence; with short, squamiform whitish setae interspersed, whitish setae denser on nearly all tubercles, and converging toward their apices. Legs. Femora slightly, gradually widened on basal half, more distinctly widened on apical half; ventral surface concave near apex; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except base with slightly sparser yellowish-white pubescence and apex with sparser whitish pubescence; with short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Tibiae with abundant yellowish-white pubescence basally and abundant, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed; apical sides with moderately sparse whitish pubescence; dorsal apex of protibiae glabrous; ventral sixth with bristly dark yellowish-brown pubescence; dorsal sulcus of mesotibiae with dense, erect, short golden setae; remaining surface with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, squamiform whitish setae interspersed. Ventral apex of pro- and mesotibiae with distinct spiniform projection (Figs 40 – 41). Dorsal surface of tarsomeres with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous anterocentral region of tarsomeres I; central apex of tarsomeres I – II with a few short yellowish-white setae directed backward. Abdomen. Ventrites with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument; ventrites 1 – 2 with short, squamiform whitish setae interspersed; ventrites 3 – 5 with abundant, short, slender whitish setae interspersed. Female (Figs 45 – 47). Similar to male, differing by pro- and mesotibiae (Figs 45 – 46) without spiniform projection on apex of ventral surface.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A350FF86DCD6FF56FBEF38ED.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet ‘ murallaensis’ refers to the name of La Muralla National Park, a protected natural area in the Department of Olancho, Honduras, where the individuals of the type series were collected.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A350FF86DCD6FF56FBEF38ED.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from HONDURAS, Olancho: P. N. [Parque Nacional] La Muralla, Sendero Pizote, 10. VI. 2003, R. Turnbow leg. (FSCA, formerly RHTC). Female paratype, same data as holotype (RHTC).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A350FF86DCD6FF56FBEF38ED.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phrynidius murallaensis is similar to P. cristinae (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Gutiérrez et al. (2020 )), but differs as follows (female): body, in lateral view not strongly convex (Fig. 37); elytra proportionally narrower, maximum width equal to 1.55 times humeral width (Fig. 35); antennomere IV longer than V – VI together (Fig. 35); and mesoventral process (Fig. 36) distinctly wider basally than apically and not gradually widened from base to apex. In females of P. cristinae, the body, in lateral view, strongly convex, elytra are wider, with a maximum width equal to 1.65 times the humeral width, antennomere IV as long as V – VI together and the mesoventral process is distinctly wider apically than basally and is gradually widened from base to apex. It differs from P. armatus Linsley, 1933 (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Noguera & Santos-Silva (2023 )) by the prothorax proportionally wider (slender in P. armatus), pronotum, in lateral view, not strongly convex (strongly convex in P. armatus), central region of the prosternal and mesoventral processes narrower than the half of pro- and mesocoxa, respectively (distinctly wider in P. armatus), and elytral tubercles not aligned and shorter (subaligned and distinctly larger in P. armatus). See remarks under Phrynidius tigranensis.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A34FFF82DCD6FBF2FAE93AAC.taxon	description	(Figs 48 – 59) Dimensions in mm (male holotype / male paratypes / female paratypes). Total length, 6.30 / 5.80 – 7.30 / 5.80 – 7.85; prothoracic length, 2.00 / 1.90 – 2.35 / 1.70 – 2.45; anterior prothoracic width, 1.65 / 1.60 – 1.85 / 1.60 – 2.15; posterior prothoracic width, 1.95 / 1.80 – 2.15 / 1.70 – 2.45; maximum prothoracic width, 2.15 / 2.10 – 2.50 / 2.05 – 2.75; humeral width, 2.10 / 1.90 – 2.30 / 1.95 – 2.70; elytral length, 3.65 / 3.40 – 4.50 / 3.60 – 4.80. Description. Male holotype (Figs 48 – 57). Integument mostly black, more dark brown depending on light intensity; anteclypeus dark yellowish brown; anterior fifth of labrum brownish; ventral mouthparts reddish brown, except yellowish apex of palpomeres; antennae dark brown, slightly lighter depending on light intensity. Head. Frons convex, abundantly, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence close to clypeus, sparse on remaining surface; with minute, erect, squamiform yellowish-brown setae interspersed; with a few short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Median groove very fine, distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Area between antennal tubercles subsmooth; with moderately sparse pale yellowish-brown pubescence and minute, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed. Remaining surface of vertex somewhat sparsely, coarsely punctate; sides and area close to prothorax with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument; remaining surface subglabrous. Antennal tubercles not close to each other in dorsal view (Fig. 48); in frontal view, almost forming V-shaped area (Fig. 55); frontally almost entirely glabrous; dorsal area between them with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence basally, glabrous apically. Area behind eyes abundantly, coarsely punctate close to eye, smooth close to prothorax; with very sparse, minute yellowish-white setae close to eye, glabrous close to prothorax. Genae 2.3 times longer than lower eye lobe; somewhat sparsely, coarsely punctate, except smooth apical third; with very sparse, minute pale yellowish-brown pubescence on wide area close to eye, distinctly abundant close to glabrous apex. Wide central area of postclypeus close to frons with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument and short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed; area close to anteclypeus with sparse yellowish-white pubescence. Sides of postclypeus mostly glabrous. Labrum moderately abundantly, finely punctate, with coarse punctures interspersed; with very sparse, decumbent yellowish-white setae close to anteclypeus, absent on remaining surface; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae, more abundant laterally and close to light anterior area; anterior margin with fringe of dense yellowish-brown setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.54 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.76 times distance between outer margins of eyes; upper eye lobe slightly oblique in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; area between eye lobes without ommatidia (Fig. 54). Antennae 1.75 times elytral length, slightly surpassing elytral apex. Scape slightly, gradually widened on basal third, subcylindrical on remaining surface; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except apex of dorsal surface with sparser yellowish-white pubescence; with short, squamiform, arched, both whitish with yellowish setae interspersed dorsally and laterally. Basal half of pedicel with sparse yellowish-brown setae dorsally, glabrous on remaining surface; posterior half with dense yellowish pubescence. Antennomere III slightly arched; with dense yellowish pubescence basally and apically, and dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence on remaining surface; with short, squamiform whitish setae interspersed dorsally. Antennomere IV without depressed and flattened area on apex of outer surface (Fig. 53); with abundant yellowish-white pubescence basally and on apical third, and dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence on remaining surface; with short, decumbent, slightly thicker whitish setae interspersed on basal 2 / 3. Antennomeres V – VI with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Antennomeres VII – IX with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument basally and dense, yellower pubescence on remaining surface. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.78; pedicel = 0.15; IV = 0.56; V = 0.31; VI = 0.30; VII = 0.30; VIII = 0.27; IX = 0.26; X = 0.25; XI = 0.32. Thorax. Prothorax slightly wider than long; sides gradually widened from anterolateral angles to about posterior third, then rounded and narrowed toward subparallel-sided posterior sixth. Pronotum somewhat rugose; with four, moderately elevated tubercles centrally, one on each side slightly before middle, one centrally almost aligned with lateral ones, another centrally on posterior half; moderately abundantly, coarsely punctate; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, pubescence denser on longitudinal center of posterior half; with a few short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax somewhat rugose, abundantly coarsely punctate; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternum moderately abundantly coarsely punctate, punctures shallower centrally; with abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence denser laterally. Prosternal process gradually widened from base to apical sixth, them more strongly widened; abundantly, coarsely punctate; with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument; narrowest area 0.45 times procoxal width. Ventral surface of meso- and metathorax with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument on some areas. Mesoventral process subparallel-sided on apical 2 / 3; apex truncate; with sculpturing and pubescence as on prosternal process; narrowest area 0.42 times mesocoxal width. Scutellum with its exposed region triangular (Fig. 52), with base of this area about 3.0 times its length; with abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, except glabrous anterolateral areas. Elytra. Ovoid, strongly inclined apically; epipleural margin distinctly inclined on posterior third; anterior 3 / 4 of dorsal surface with abundant, moderately large conical tubercles, not aligned; apical quarter with sparse small conical tubercles; abundantly, coarsely punctate; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, pubescence absent on some areas; apex with very short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Legs. Femora slightly, gradually widened on basal half, more distinctly widened on apical half; ventral surface concave near apex; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Protibiae concave ventrally near apex; with distinct spiniform projection on apex of ventral surface (Fig. 56); with abundant yellowish-white pubescence basally; apex of dorsal surface glabrous; sides of apical quarter with sparse whitish pubescence; remaining surface with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except apical quarter of ventral surface with dense, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence. Mesotibiae with pubescence and setae as on protibiae on basal 3 / 4; apical quarter with moderately sparse whitish pubescence on sides, abundant, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence ventrally, and fringe of dense golden setae on dorsal sulcus. Metatibiae with abundant yellowish-white pubescence basally; apex of dorsal and lateral surfaces with sparse whitish pubescence; apex of ventral surface with dense, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence. Dorsal surface of tarsomeres with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous central region of tarsomeres I – II; central apex of tarsomeres I – II with a few short whitish setae directed backward. Abdomen. Sides of ventrite 1 and most of intercoxal process with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence. Ventrites 2 – 4 mostly with sparse yellowish-white pubescence; ventrite 5 with moderately sparse, short yellowish-brown pubescence on basal third, and more abundant and longer yellowish-white pubescence on remaining surface. Female (Figs 58 – 59). Similar to male, differing by the antennae shorter, 1.52 times elytral length, reaching about posterior quarter of elytra, and ventral apex of pro- and mesotibiae (Fig. 58) without spine. Variation. Integument mostly brown or light brown; antennae brown except dark brown distal segments; frons with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence throughout; vertex with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument throughout; genae with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence throughout; area between eye lobes with one ommatidium; ventral surface of meso- and metathorax with very sparse yellowish-brown pubescence; elytra with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence throughout.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A34FFF82DCD6FBF2FAE93AAC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet ‘ hondureno ’ (Spanish, meaning a resident of Honduras) refers to the country of the type locality of the new species.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A34FFF82DCD6FBF2FAE93AAC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from HONDURAS, Santa Barbara: 13 km SE El Mochito, 22. VII. 1977. C. W. & L. O’Brien & Marshall leg. (FSCA, formerly RHTC). Paratypes — 4 males, 3 females, same data as holotype (1 female, MZSP; 4 males, 2 females, RHTC); 2 males, 6 females, same data as holotype except 16. VII. 1977 (1 male, MZSP; 1 male, 6 females, RHTC); 2 males, 2 females, same data as holotype except 31. VII. 1977 (RHTC). Olancho: P. N. [Parque Nacional] La Muralla, 1 female, 31. V. 1995, R. Turnbow leg. (RHTC); 1 female, 1. VI. 1995, R. Turnbow leg. (RHTC); 1 male, 2. VI. 1995, R. Turnbow leg. (RHTC); 1 female, 15 ° 05 ’ 49 ” N, 86 ° 44 ’ 17 ” N, 1450 m, 4 - 7. VII. 2002, A. B. T. Smith (CMNC); 5 males, 3 females, 15.09430 - 86.73870, 1400 - 1500 m, 2 – 4. V. 2010, R. S. Anderson, cloud forest (CMNC); 2 females, 15.09814 - 86.74039, 1500 m, 2. V. 2010, LLAMA Wa-C- 01 - 1 - 02, sifted leaf litter (CMNC). Cortés: 4 km S Potrerillos, 1 female, 1. VIII. 1977, C. W. & L. O’Brien & Marshall leg. (RHTC); Merendon, 15 ° 30 ’ 12 ” N 88 ° 11 ’ 54 ” W, 1 female, 7. VI. 2003, R. Turnbow leg. (RHTC).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A34FFF82DCD6FBF2FAE93AAC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phrynidius hondureno is similar to P. wibmeri (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Noguera & Santos-Silva (2023 )), but differs as follows: antennae slightly surpassing elytral apex in males; and antennomere IV (Fig. 53) without depressed area with dense pubescence on apical area. In P. wibmeri, the antennae in males reach about posterior third of the elytra and the antennomere IV has flattened and depressed area with dense pubescence. It differs from P. sanctabarbaraensis (Figs 24 – 34) by the body more convex (less convex in P. sanctabarbaraensis), and by the epipleural margin distinctly inclined posteriorly (Fig. 50) (practically straight from base to apex (Fig. 26) in P. sanctabarbaraensis). It also resembles P. obrieni (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Noguera & Santos-Silva (2023 )), but differs by the elytra without conspicuous erect setae (present in P. obrieni).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A34BFF80DCD6FE32FA823BF9.taxon	description	(Figs 60 – 68) Description. Female holotype. Integument mostly black; palpomeres reddish brown except slightly yellowish apices of segments; anteclypeus mostly brownish; anterior quarter of labrum dark brown; pedicel and antennomeres III – XI dark brown, gradually, slightly lighter toward XI, especially depending on light intensity; tarsi mostly dark reddish brown, slightly lighter toward tarsomere V. Dimensions in mm (Female holotype). Total length, 6.15; prothoracic length, 1.80; anterior prothoracic width, 1.50; posterior prothoracic width, 1.60; maximum prothoracic width, 1.90; humeral width, 1.90; elytral length, 3.80. Head. Frons convex, abundantly, deeply, coarsely punctate; with moderately abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument; with short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed; with short, erect, slender brownish setae interspersed, slightly distinct depending on the angle of the light source. Vertex moderately sparsely, deeply, coarsely punctate, punctures slightly finer than on frons; with abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument; with short, erect, slender brownish setae interspersed, slightly distinct depending on the angle of the light source; with a few short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Median groove almost indistinct. Antennal tubercles not close to each other (Fig. 60); with moderately abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous apex; with abundant, slender, short, erect brownish setae interspersed; with a few short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Area behind eyes abundantly, coarsely punctate close to eye, smooth close to prothorax; with moderately abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence no obscuring integument on punctate area, glabrous on smooth area. Genae 2.1 times longer than lower eye lobe; sparsely, deeply, coarsely punctate; with moderately abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument except glabrous apex; with short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Wide central area of postclypeus with pubescence and setae as on frons close to it, pubescence slightly sparser, finer and yellowish-white close to anteclypeus; with short, squamiform, arched, both yellowish-brown and whitish setae interspersed close to frons; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed close to anteclypeus. Sides of postclypeus glabrous. Labrum almost smooth close to anteclypeus, abundantly, finely punctate on remaining surface; with coarse punctures interspersed on transverse central region; with sparse, decumbent whitish setae posteriorly, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae on remaining surface, erect setae gradually denser toward anterior margin; anterior margin with fringe of dense yellowish-brown setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.44 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.82 times distance between outer margins of eyes; upper eye lobe slightly oblique in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; eye lobes well separated, area between eye lobes without ommatidia (Fig. 68). Antennae 1.1 times elytral length, almost reaching middle of elytra. Scape slightly, gradually widened on basal third, subcylindrical on remaining surface; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument, except apex of dorsal surface with sparser yellowish-white pubescence; dorsal surface with abundant, somewhat thick, arched dark-brown setae interspersed; with short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed throughout, more abundant dorsally. Pedicel with sparse yellowish-white pubescence on base of dorsal surface, glabrous on remaining basal area; with dense whitish pubescence on remaining surface. Antennomere III with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, except dense whitish pubescence on apex; with abundant, somewhat thick, arched dark-brown setae interspersed; with short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed throughout, more abundant dorsally. Antennomere IV without depressed and flattened area on apex of dorsal surface (Fig. 65); with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument on basal 4 / 5, and moderately abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument on apical fifth; basal 4 / 5 with sparse, both squamiform, arched whitish setae and slender, arched dark-brown setae interspersed. Antennomeres V – VII with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence on basal half and abundant yellowish-white pubescence on apical half; with short, erect yellowish-white setae interspersed, more abundant ventrally. Antennomeres VIII – XI mostly with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence denser toward XI; with short, erect yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.85; pedicel = 0.19; IV = 0.62; V = 0.28; VI = 0.26; VII = 0.24; VIII = 0.24; IX = 0.24; X = 0.24; XI = 0.28. Thorax. Prothorax about as long as wide; sides rounded, slightly less so close to posterolateral angles. Pronotum without tubercles; moderately abundantly, coarsely punctate, with the general surface irregular; with abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, with short, decumbent whitish setae interspersed, except longitudinal, moderately narrow whitish pubescence band close to anterior and posterior margins, posterior band denser and longer; with a few short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed, denser on whitish anterior band. Sides of prothorax with sculpturing, pubescence, and setae as on pronotum, without whitish pubescent bands. Prosternum sparsely, coarsely punctate, punctures shallower toward central region; with moderately abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, and sparse whitish pubescence on remaining surface, whitish pubescence gradually sparser toward central region. Prosternal process abundantly, coarsely punctate; with sparse, bristly yellowish-white pubescence; narrowest area 0.22 times procoxal width. Mesoventrite with very sparse whitish pubescence centrally and abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument laterally. Mesanepisterna sparsely, coarsely punctate; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument and slender, whitish setae interspersed. Mesepimera, metanepisterna, and sides of metaventrite with sparse pale yellowish-brown pubescence and slender whitish setae interspersed; remaining surface of metaventrite with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, whitish pubescence denser close to mesocoxal cavities. Mesoventral process sparsely, coarsely punctate; with sparse whitish pubescence; apex 0.31 times mesocoxal width. Scutellum with its exposed region subtriangular (Fig. 64), with base of this area about 3.0 times its length; with dense whitish pubescence except glabrous anterolateral areas. Elytra. Ovoid, with epipleural margin slightly inclined on posterior third; with sparse, slightly elevated, not aligned tubercles with blunt apex, tubercles slightly more elevated between middle and posterior third; abundantly, coarsely, deeply punctate; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument on some areas, especially on posterior quarter, sparser or absent on others; with a few short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Legs. Femora slightly concave near apex of ventral surface; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, squamiform, arched whitish setae interspersed. Tibiae with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, except apex with sparser whitish pubescence dorsally and laterally, this area larger on metatibiae, dense, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence on ventral quarter of protibiae, abundant yellowish-brown pubescence on apical sixth of meso- and metatibiae, and dense pale-yellow setae on dorsal sulcus of mesotibiae; with both short, squamiform, arched whitish setae and short, slender, arched dark brown setae interspersed on pale yellowish-brown pubescence. Dorsal surface of tarsomeres with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous central region of tarsomeres I – II; central apex of tarsomeres I – II with a few short whitish setae directed backward. Abdomen. Ventrites 1 – 4 with moderately sparse whitish pubescence, denser on sides of intercoxal process; ventrite 5 with moderately abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, longer on apical half, and short, moderately thick whitish setae interspersed, especially on basal half. Male. Unknown.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A34BFF80DCD6FE32FA823BF9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet “ zacapensis ” refers to the name of the Guatemalan department where the type locality of this species is located.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A34BFF80DCD6FE32FA823BF9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype from GUATEMALA, Zacapa: Sierra de Las Minas, “ El Naranjo, ” S slope below San Lorenzo Mine, 15.07329 - 89.68481, 1600 – 1700 m, oak forest, 21 – 24. V. 2010, P. Skelley, G. Steck & B. Sutton leg. (FSCA).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A34BFF80DCD6FE32FA823BF9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phrynidius zacapensis is similar to P. wibmeri and P. hondureno but differs from both by the pronotum without tubercles or gibbosities (present in these two species). It is also somewhat similar to P. echinus (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Noguera & Santos-Silva (2023 )), but differs as follows: antennae not reaching middle of elytra; antennae stouter; scape and antennomere III shorter; narrowest area of prosternal process is narrower, about 0.2 times procoxal width; and pronotum without tubercles or elevated areas. In females of P. echinus, the antennae distinctly surpass the middle of the elytra and are slender, scape and antennomere III are distinctly longer, narrowest area of the prosternal process wider, about 0.3 times the procoxal width, and the pronotum has elevated areas. The new species differs from P. inaequalis by the antennal tubercles not close to each other (close in P. inaequalis) and by antennomere III longer than the scape (distinctly shorter in P. inaequalis).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A346FF8DDCD6FF56FAAB3D51.taxon	description	(Figs 69 – 79) Dimensions in mm (female holotype / female paratype). Total length, 8.20 / 7.80; prothoracic length, 2.40 / 2.35; anterior prothoracic width, 2.05 / 2.00; posterior prothoracic width, 2.25 / 2.20; maximum prothoracic width, 2.60 / 2.55; humeral width, 2.45 / 2.50; elytral length, 5.15 / 5.15. Description. Female holotype. Integument mostly dark brown; antennae light brown from apical quarter of antennomere IV; anteclypeus mostly dark yellowish brown; palpomeres brown except yellowish-brown apices; and metatarsomere V mostly dark orangish brown. Head. Frons slightly convex, moderately abundantly, deeply, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, arched, thick whitish setae interspersed, setae not distinctly squamiform. Vertex with sculpturing, pubescence, and whitish setae as on frons, except glabrous median groove. Antennal tubercles not close to each other (Fig. 69), with distance between their apices wider than basal diameter of scape; pubescence and whitish setae as on frons, whitish setae more abundant frontally. Area behind eyes moderately abundantly, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence almost obscuring integument; with a few short, thick whitish setae interspersed. Genae 1.95 times longer than lower eye lobe; sculpturing, pubescence, and whitish setae as on frons, except smooth and glabrous apex. Wide central area of postclypeus with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument close to frons, pubescence slightly lighter than on frons, with sparse, thick whitish setae interspersed; area close to anteclypeus with moderately abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence longer anteriorly; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed close to anteclypeus. Sides of postclypeus with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except glabrous apex. Labrum sparsely, finely punctate with moderately abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument centrally, except glabrous area close to anteclypeus; posterolateral areas with a few short, bristly yellowish-brown setae; remaining surface with sparse, long, erect yellowish-brown setae, except anterior margin with fringe of dense yellowish-brown setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.45 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.80 times distance between outer margins of eyes; upper eye lobe oblique in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; eye lobes not well separated, area between eye lobes without ommatidia (Fig. 75). Antennae 1.2 times elytral length, reaching posterior third of elytra. Scape with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence except apex with dense yellowish pubescence, yellowish pubescence denser dorsally and laterally; with short, thick, arched whitish setae interspersed. Pedicel with sparse yellowish-brown pubescence on base of dorsal surface, glabrous on remaining basal area; with dense yellowish pubescence on apical half. Antennomere III with abundant yellowish-white pubescence basally, dense yellowish pubescence apically, and dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence on remaining surface; with short, thick, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennomere IV without modification on apical region; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, thick, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed on dark region, and abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument on light apical region. Antennomeres V – IX with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, and short, erect setae of same color interspersed. Antennomere XI with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument on basal half, and dense yellowish-white pubescence on apical half; with short, erect setae of same color interspersed. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.08; pedicel = 0.20; IV = 0.80; V = 0.48; VI = 0.40; VII = 0.40; VIII = 0.36; IX = 0.36; X = 0.32; XI = 0.44. Thorax. Prothorax slightly wider than long; sides rounded, slightly straighter on posterior fifth. Pronotum with three slightly elevated tubercles on anterior half, one on each side slightly before middle, another centrally, slightly more elevated, more elongated, located between anterior margin of lateral tubercles and anterior fifth; middle of posterior half transversely, slightly tumid; moderately abundantly, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence on tubercles, transverse tumid area, and other irregular areas, and sparser pale yellowish-brown pubescence between these areas. Sides of prothorax abundantly, coarsely punctate; with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures and partially obscuring integument. Prosternum with moderately sparse yellowish-white pubescence. Prosternal process abundantly, moderately coarsely punctate; with abundant yellowish pubescence partially obscuring integument; narrowest area 0.24 times procoxal width. Mesoventrite with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument centrally and dense yellowish pubescence laterally. Mesanepisterna with abundant yellowish pubescence partially obscuring integument close to mesoventrite; remaining surface with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Mesepimera with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument. Metaventrite with dense yellowish pubescence, except slightly sparser pubescence between central region and sides, and sparser pubescence close to metacoxal cavities. Scutellum with its exposed region widely triangular (Fig. 74), with base of this area about 4.0 times its length; with abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument centrally, glabrous laterally. Elytra. Ovoid, with epipleural margin slightly inclined on posterior third; with moderately abundant and slightly elevated tubercles dorsally, tubercles not aligned and slightly more elevated on posterior half; moderately abundantly, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence on tubercles, sparser, not obscuring integument on remaining surface; with short, thick, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed, more abundant on apex of tubercles. Legs. Femora slightly concave near apex of ventral surface; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, slightly yellower apically, and short, thick, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Tibiae with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, except apex with sparser whitish pubescence laterally, almost glabrous dorsally, dense, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence on apical third of ventral surface of protibiae and narrow ventral area close to apex of meso- and metatibiae, and fringe of dense erect yellowish-brown setae on dorsal sulcus of mesotibiae. Dorsal surface of tarsomeres with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous anterocentral region of tarsomeres I – II; central apex of tarsomeres I – II with a few short whitish setae directed backward. Abdomen. Ventrites with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, except sparse pubescence on central region of ventrite 2, distinctly sparser yellowish-white pubescence on central area of ventrites 3 – 4 and base and apex of ventrite 5. Male. Unknown.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A346FF8DDCD6FF56FAAB3D51.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet ‘ palliapicalis’ (from the Latin ‘ pallidus ’ (pale, discolored) and ‘ apex ’ (tip, end )) refers to dense yellowish-white pubescence on the apex of some antennomeres (the first four and the last).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A346FF8DDCD6FF56FAAB3D51.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype from HONDURAS, Cortés: 4 km S Potrerillos, 1. VIII. 1977, C. W. & L. O’Brien & Marshall leg. (FSCA, formerly RHTC). Female paratype from HONDURAS, Comayagua: 9 km WSW Siguatepeque, 2. XII. 1995, R. Turnbow leg. (RHTC).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A346FF8DDCD6FF56FAAB3D51.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phrynidius palliapicalis is similar to P. asper (see photographs on Bezark 2025) but differs as follows (females): antennal tubercles more distant, distance between apices slightly shorter than twice basal diameter of the antennomere III (Fig. 73); prothorax wider (Fig. 69); elytral tubercles small and more abundant (Fig. 69); and elytra slender (Fig. 69). In P. asper, the antennal tubercles are closer to each other, distance between their apices at most as wide as basal diameter of the antennomere III, prothorax is slender, elytra distinctly wider, and the elytral tubercles are larger and sparser. It differs from females of P. armatus Linsley, 1933 (see photographs on Bezark (2025), in Gutiérrez et al. (2020), and in Noguera & Santos-Silva (2023 )) especially by the prothorax proportionally wider (slender in P. armatus), pronotal tubercles slightly conspicuous (distinct in P. armatus), and by the elytral tubercles small (distinctly larger in P. armatus). Phrynidius palliapicalis differs from P. hondureno (Figs 55 – 59) especially by the antennomere III distinctly shorter (longer P. hondureno), and by the pronotal tubercles slightly conspicuous and not concave anteriorly (distinctly more conspicuous and concave anteriorly in P. hondureno). It differs from P. zacapensis (Figs 60 – 68) by the eye lobes closer to each other (more distant between them in P. zacapensis), abdominal intercoxal process distinctly wider (narrower in P. zacapensis), and by the tibiae without squamiform white setae (present in P. zacapensis). Phrynidius palliapicalis differs from P. inaequalis (Fig. 80) especially by antennal tubercles more distant from each other (closer in P. inaequalis), and by the antennomere III longer (shorter in P. inaequalis). Finally, it differs from P. murallaensis (Figs 35 – 47) by the elytra proportionally wider (narrower in P. murallaensis) and by the metatarsomere V stouter and shorter (slender and longer in P. murallaensis).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A344FF8ADCD6F963FB7E3E31.taxon	description	(Figs 81 – 89) Dimensions in mm (female holotype / female paratype). Total length, 7.65 / 6.00; prothoracic length, 2.15 / 1.60; anterior prothoracic width, 1.85 / 1.35; posterior prothoracic width, 1.85 / 1.40; maximum prothoracic width, 2.15 / 1.60; humeral width, 2.00 / 1.60; elytral length, 4.80 / 3.90. Description. Female holotype. Integument mostly dark brown; apex of palpomeres yellowish; apical third of antennomere IV and entire surface of V – XI brown (lighter depending on light intensity); anteclypeus mostly dark yellowish brown; labrum with transverse yellowish-brown band on anterior quarter. Head. Frons slightly convex, moderately abundantly, deeply, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, pubescence lighter close to base of antennal tubercles; with short, arched, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed. Vertex with sculpturing as on frons; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures and partially not obscuring median groove, and a few short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennal tubercles moderately close to each other (Fig. 81), distance between apices almost twice basal diameter of antennomere III; with dense light yellowish-brown pubescence, with abundant, minute yellowish-white setae interspersed, and arched, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed, squamiform setae more abundant than on frons. Area behind eyes sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and a few short, arched, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed. Genae 1.95 times longer than lower eye lobe; sparsely, coarsely punctate on superior half, punctures indistinct on inferior half; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence, except glabrous apex; with short, squamiform, arched yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Wide central area of postclypeus with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence almost obscuring integument close to frons, except glabrous central area, with short whitish setae interspersed; area close to anteclypeus with moderately abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Sides of postclypeus glabrous. Labrum with sparse yellowish-white pubescence except anterior margin with fringe of dense yellowish-brown setae, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed on posterior half, some erect setae dark brown basally. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.58 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.78 times distance between outer margins of eyes; upper eye lobe oblique in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; eye lobes not well separated, area between eye lobes without ommatidia (Fig. 89). Antennae 1.25 times elytral length, almost reaching posterior third of elytra. Scape with abundant yellowish-white pubescence basally, and abundant yellowish pubescence apically, apical pubescence denser dorsally and laterally; remaining surface with dense brown pubescence (partially lost); with short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae and slender, arched dark-brown setae interspersed. Pedicel glabrous on basal half, with abundant yellowish pubescence on apical half. Antennomere III with dense yellowish pubescence basally and apically, and dense brown pubescence on remaining surface; with short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae and slender, arched dark-brown setae interspersed. Antennomere IV (Fig. 88) with abundant yellowish pubescence basally; remaining basal 2 / 3 with dense brown pubescence and short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae and slender, arched dark-brown setae interspersed; apical third with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; outer side of apical region not flattened or depressed but with yellowish-white pubescence more abundant than on remaining apical third. Antennomeres V – X and basal 2 / 3 of XI with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; apical third of XI with dense yellowish-white pubescence; with short, erect yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.35; pedicel = 0.21; IV = 0.79; V = 0.49; VI = 0.44; VII = 0.42; VIII = 0.39; IX = 0.42; X = 0.42; XI = 0.53. Thorax. Prothorax as long as wide; sides rounded from anterolateral angles to posterior fifth, then subparallel-sided. Pronotum with three moderately elevated tubercles, one on each side about middle, subcircular with blunt apex, another elongate, located centrally from near anterior margin to about posterior third, slight concave dorsally on anterior half; surface somewhat rugose; moderately sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence on irregular areas, pubescence sparser between dense pubescent areas; with a few short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax with punctures, pubescence, and squamiform setae as on pronotum. Prosternum with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence denser laterally and close to procoxal cavities, distinctly sparser on remaining surface. Prosternal process with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument; narrowest area 0.42 times procoxal width. Mesoventrite with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument centrally and dense yellowish pubescence laterally. Mesanepisterna and mesepimera with abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Mesoventral process 0.6 times mesocoxal width. Metaventrite with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, slightly sparser centrally, and absent close to metacoxal cavities; with short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Scutellum with its exposed region widely triangular; with abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument centrally, glabrous laterally. Elytra. Ovoid, with epipleural margin almost straight from base to apex; anterior 2 / 3 of dorsal surface with large, moderately elevated tubercles not aligned with blunt apex; each elytron with large, elevated, conical tubercle on beginning of posterior third of dorsal surface (Fig. 85); remaining posterior third with small tubercles not aligned; moderately abundantly, coarsely punctate throughout; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument on some areas, sparser on others; with short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Legs. Femora slightly concave near apex of ventral surface; with dense brown pubescence except apex with dense yellowish-white pubescence; with short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Tibiae with dense brown pubescence, except dense yellowish-white pubescence basally on dorsal and lateral surfaces, apex with moderately abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument dorsally and laterally on protibiae and near apex of meso- and metatibiae, whitish pubescence absent on apical region of dorsal surface, apical third of ventral surface of protibiae mostly with dense, bristly yellowish-brown pubescence, apical area of meso- and metatibiae with bristly yellowish-brown pubescence, and dorsal sulcus of mesotibiae with fringe of erect yellowish-brown setae. Dorsal surface of tarsomeres with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous central region of tarsomeres I – II; central apex of tarsomeres I – II with a few short whitish setae directed backward. Abdomen. Ventrites with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, less dense centrally on ventrites 1 – 4, except sides of intercoxal process, central apex of ventrite 1, and central area near apex of ventrite 5 with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, and apex of ventrite 5 with very sparse whitish pubescence. Male. Unknown.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A344FF8ADCD6F963FB7E3E31.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet “ guisayotensis ” refers to the El Guisayote Biological Reserve, the area where the paratype was collected.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A344FF8ADCD6F963FB7E3E31.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype from HONDURAS, Ocotepeque: El Portillo, 7. X. 1993, R. Turnbow leg. (FSCA, formerly RHTC). Female paratype from HONDURAS, Ocotepeque: R. B. Guisayote [Reserva Biologica El Guisayote], 22. V. 1995, R. Turnbow leg. (RHTC).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A344FF8ADCD6F963FB7E3E31.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phrynidius guisayotensis is similar to P. pallifemoralis (Figs 102 – 105), but differs as follows (females): scape proportionally longer (Fig 81), distinctly longer than genal length; pronotal tubercles less elevated (Fig. 84); and dorsal tubercles on posterior third of elytra larger and more elevated (Figs 81, 83, 84). In P. pallifemoralis, the scape is shorter, slightly longer than genal length, pronotal tubercles are more elevated, especially the anterolateral ones, and the dorsal tubercles on the posterior third of elytra are smaller and less elevated. It differs from P. tigranensis (Figs 1 – 7) and P. murallaensis (Figs 35 – 47), especially by the dorsal surface of the posterior third of elytra with a large tubercle (Fig. 84) (distinctly smaller in P. tigranensis and P. murallaensis). Phrynidius guisayotensis differs from P. armatus (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Gutiérrez et al. (2020 )), by the pronotal tubercles less elevated (more elevated in P. armatus), and the dorsal surface of the posterior third of elytra with a large tubercle (smaller in P. armatus). Phrynidius guisayotensis is also similar to P. cristinae (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Gutiérrez et al. (2020 )), but differs by the distance between the apices of the antennal tubercles almost twice the basal diameter of the antennomere III (slightly wider than the basal diameter of the antennomere III in P. cristinae), antennomere III shorter than scape (as long as scape in P. cristinae), and the dorsal surface of the posterior third of elytra with large tubercle (distinctly smaller in P. cristinae).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A343FFB7DCD6FA43FEF63EC1.taxon	description	(Figs 90 – 98) Dimensions in mm (male holotype / female paratype). Total length, 7.80 / 6.70; prothoracic length, 2.60 / 2.25; anterior prothoracic width, 2.00 / 1.70; posterior prothoracic width, 2.05 / 1.90; maximum prothoracic width, 2.40 / 2.30; humeral width, 2.25 / 2.00; elytral length, 4.80 / 4.40. Description. Male holotype (90 – 97). Integument mostly blackish; apex of palpomeres reddish brown; anteclypeus brownish laterally, mostly blackish centrally; anterior third of labrum brown; scape dark brown; pedicel and antennomeres III – XI brown, more reddish brown depending on light intensity, except dark brown apex of pedicel; tarsal claws dark yellowish brown. Head. Frons slightly convex, moderately abundantly, deeply, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures; with a few short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Vertex sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures; with a few short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennal tubercles close to each other (Fig. 90), distance between apices equal to basal diameter of antennomere III; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence, except frontal apex with sparse whitish pubescence, and glabrous remaining surface of apex; with short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed frontally, squamiform setae more abundant than on frons. Area behind eyes moderately sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Genae 1.15 times longer than lower eye lobe; sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures, except glabrous apex. Wide central area of postclypeus close to frons with pubescence and squamiform setae as on frons; area close to anteclypeus with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, and long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed. Sides of postclypeus with pubescence as on frons superiorly, glabrous inferiorly. Labrum sparsely, moderately coarsely punctate; with sparse whitish pubescence on posterior 2 / 3; anterior third with moderately short, erect yellowish-brown setae except anterior margin with fringe of dense yellowish-brown setae; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed, more abundant laterally. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.38 times distance between outer margins of eyes; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.73 times distance between outer margins of eyes; upper eye lobe oblique in relation to the axis of lower eye lobe; eye lobes not well separated, area between eye lobes with one ommatidium (Fig. 97). Antennae 1.7 times elytral length, surpassing elytral apex on apical third of antennomere X. Scape with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, thick, arched whitish setae interspersed, thick setae more abundant dorsally. Pedicel with sparse whitish setae on dorsal surface of basal third, glabrous on remaining basal third, and dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence on remaining surface; with minute, arched, thick whitish setae interspersed. Antennomere III with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, thick, arched whitish setae interspersed, thick setae more abundant dorsally. Basal 2 / 3 of antennomere IV with pubescence and thick setae as on III; apical third with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Antennomeres V – X with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, and short, erect yellowish-white setae interspersed. Basal half of antennomere XI with abundant yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument and apical half with denser yellowish pubescence; with short, erect yellowish-white setae interspersed. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.82; pedicel = 0.18; IV = 0.64; V = 0.36; VI = 0.33; VII = 0.33; VIII = 0.28; IX = 0.28; X = 0.28; XI = 0.38. Thorax. Prothorax longer than wide; sides divergent on anterior quarter, slightly divergent on wide central area, with slight protuberance on beginning of this area, followed by weak concavity, then convergent toward parallel-sided ninth. Pronotum with large, elevated protuberance centrally between anterior and posterior fifths (Fig. 97), distinctly, gradually elevated anteriorly, slightly concave on basal half of dorsal surface, then gradually inclined toward its posterior region; with one slightly elevated, subcircular tubercle with rounded apex on each side of middle; surface entirely somewhat rugose; moderately abundantly, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures; with a few short, squamiform yellowish-white setae interspersed. Sides of prothorax rugose, moderately sparsely, coarsely punctate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures. Prosternum sparsely, coarsely punctate, punctures shallower centrally; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, pubescence slightly sparser, yellowish white centrally. Prosternal process with dense yellowish-brown pubescence centrally, slightly sparser, yellowish white basally and apically; narrowest area 0.28 times procoxal width. Mesoventrite with sparse yellowish-white pubescence centrally and dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence laterally. Mesanepisterna with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence. Mesepimera with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence close to mesanepisternum, subglabrous on remaining surface. Mesoventral process with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous lateral margins; apex 0.52 times mesocoxal width. Metaventrite with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence laterally and abundant, mostly yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument centrally, except glabrous area close to metacoxal cavities; with short, squamiform, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Scutellum with its exposed region triangular; with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument except almost glabrous lateral areas. Elytra. Ovoid, with epipleural margin slightly inclined on posterior third; basal quarter of dorsal surface with moderately small, sparse conical tubercles, the two most apical and closest to suture slightly larger; with true large, elevated tubercles about apex of anterior third of dorsal surface, transversely subaligned, innermost and outermost conical, central larger, more elevated and flattened laterally, outermost projected sideward; with two large, elevated tubercles slightly after middle of dorsal surface, both rounded apically and larger than all other elytral tubercles, innermost larger, outermost projected sideward; base of posterior third of dorsal surface with one moderately large and elevated tubercle; remaining posterior 2 / 3 with sparse, conical, small tubercles; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring punctures. Legs. Femora slightly pedunculate-clavate; with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, thick, arched whitish setae interspersed. Tibiae with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence and short, thick, arched whitish setae interspersed, except apical fifth of protibiae with sparse whitish pubescence laterally, sparse whitish pubescence dorsally except glabrous apex, and dense, bristly dark yellowish-brown setae on ventral surface, apical sixth of mesotibiae with whitish pubescence laterally, abundant, bristly yellowish-brown setae ventrally, and fringe of dense erect yellowish-brown setae on dorsal sulcus, and apical sixth of metatibiae with sparse whitish pubescence dorsally and laterally, and abundant, bristly yellowish-brown setae ventrally; ventral apex of protibiae (Fig. 94) and mesotibiae (Fig. 95) with spine. Dorsal surface of tarsomeres with abundant whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence distinctly sparser centrally and absent basally on tarsomeres I – II; central apex of tarsomeres I – II with a few short whitish setae directed backward. Abdomen. Sides of ventrites 1 – 2 with dense pale yellowish-brown pubescence; remaining surface with sparser yellowish-white pubescence. Sides of ventrites 3 – 4 and base of ventrite 5 with moderately abundant pale yellowish-brown pubescence; remaining surface with distinctly sparser yellowish-white pubescence, except apical third of ventrite 5 with sparse whitish pubescence. All ventrites with short, thick, arched yellowish-white setae interspersed. Female (Fig. 98). Scape and pedicel and basal third of antennomere III brown and remaining surface orangish brown; antennomeres V – XI orangish brown; tarsomeres V and claws reddish brown. Antennae 1.35 times elytral length, almost reaching posterior fifth of elytra. The chromatic variation cannot be regarded as sexual dimorphism, as coloration can vary to some extent in both sexes of the species.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A343FFB7DCD6FA43FEF63EC1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet ‘ schusteri ’ refers to the famous coleopterist Jack Clayton Schuster (February 29, 1944 – June 01, 2024) in recognition of his numerous studies on the Guatemalan beetle fauna, but also his unwavering support for entomologists to visit and collect insects in Guatemala.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A343FFB7DCD6FA43FEF63EC1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype from GUATEMALA, El Progreso: Sierra de las Minas, near Cerro Pinalón, Las Cabañas, 2579 m, near 15.08467 - 89.94299, cloud forest, 12 – 15. V. 2010, P. Skelley, G. Steck & B. Sutton leg. (FSCA). Female paratype, same data as holotype (FSCA).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A343FFB7DCD6FA43FEF63EC1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Phrynidius schusteri is similar to P. tuberculatus (see photographs on Bezark (2025) and in Gutiérrez et al. (2020 )) but differs as follows: central tubercle of pronotum not reaching anterior margin (Fig. 97); prosternal process narrower (Fig. 91), narrowest area in male 0.29 times procoxal width; and elytral tubercles projected sideward on posterior half of elytra with distinct rounded apex. In P. tuberculatus, the central tubercle of the pronotum reaches the anterior margin, prosternal process wider, narrowest area in male wider than 0.4 times the procoxal width, and the elytral tubercles projected sideward on the posterior half of elytra conical, with apex narrowly rounded. Phrynidius schusteri differs from P. armatus (see photographs on Bezark (2025), in Gutiérrez et al. (2020), and Noguera & Santos-Silva (2023 )) by the antennomere III distinctly longer (Fig. 90), much longer than the scape (distinctly shorter and about as long as scape in P. armatus); prothorax proportionally wider (proportionally narrower in P. armatus), central tubercle of the pronotum distinctly more elevated (Fig. 93) (not strongly elevated in P. armatus), and the posterior half of elytra with large tubercle projected sideward (Fig. 90) (absent in P. armatus). It also differs from P. singularis and P. nayaritensis by the posterior half of elytra with a large tubercle projected sideward (Fig. 90) (absent in these two species); and from P. echinoides (Figs 106 – 108), by the central tubercle of the pronotum more elevated and not reaching the anterior margin (Fig. 97) (less elevated and reaching the anterior margin in P. echinoides).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A37EFFB7DCD6F9D3FE1E3CB9.taxon	description	(Figs 99 – 101)	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A37EFFB7DCD6F9D3FE1E3CB9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described based on a single female from Mexico (Chiapas). It remained known only from this Mexican state (Bezark 2024; Monné 2024; Tavakilian & Chevillotte 2024). In males of P. jonesi, the spine on the ventral surface of protibiae (Fig. 100) is very small, nearly absent, while that in the mesotibiae (Fig. 101) is very distinct.	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
03908784A37EFFB7DCD6F9D3FE1E3CB9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. GUATEMALA (new country record), Baja Verapaz: 7 km E Purulhá, 2 males, 6. VI. 1991, J. Wappes leg. (FSCA; MZSP).	en	Noguera, Felipe A., Anderson, Robert, Santos-Silva, Antonio (2025): Synopsis of Phrynidius Lacordaire (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini): description of new species, new records, checklist and updated key to species. Zootaxa 5686 (3): 301-338, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5686.3.1
