identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039087CD7E04732A47C6FC82F312FB33.text	039087CD7E04732A47C6FC82F312FB33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophoplax Tesch 1918	<div><p>Lophoplax Tesch, 1918</p><p>Lophoplax Tesch, 1918: 196; Takeda 1977: 120; Ng 1987: 100; Poore &amp; Ahyong 2023: 667, 670, 680, fig. 14.112i.</p><p>Myopilumnus Deb, 1989 (type species Myopilumnus andamanicus Deb, 1989, by monotypy; gender masculine)</p><p>Type species. Lophoplax bicristata Tesch, 1918, by original designation and monotypy; gender feminine.</p><p>Remarks. The presence of prominent areolets on the carapace is a character found in all species of Lophoplax but the number, size and strength vary considerably. In the type species, L. bicristata, the transverse protogastric areolet is especially distinct, with the epigastric areolet relatively low and not prominent, with all the other areolets not obvious, notably, the hepatic one is only represented by a tubercle. In addition, the dorsal surface of the carpus of the cheliped has one raised plate, without areolets (cf. Tesch 1918: pl. 12 fig. 2; unpublished photographs of syntype male). On the other hand, the other species included in Lophoplax by Tesch (1918), L. sculpta, has well developed and very prominent smooth epigastric, protogastric and hepatic areolets (Fig. 3A–C). The same is true for L. sordida n. sp. and L. pannosa n. sp. (Figs. 3D–F, 4D). In L. takakurai, there are no prominent areolets, with the gastric regions only possessing clusters of granules (cf. Sakai 1935: pl. 7 fig. 2; Sakai 1976: pl. 191 fig. 4). In L. sextuberculata, the epigastric, protogastric and hepatic areolets are present but smaller and arranged more or less in a subtransverse row (Takeda &amp; Kurata 1984: fig. 14), but this condition varies, with areolets varying in number and positioning (Takeda &amp; Marumura 1995: fig. 1). Lophoplax vermiculata has all the areolets of L. sculpta except that these are prominently rugose and eroded, very different from the almost smooth surfaces of L. sculpta (Fig. 4A–C). The same is true of the areolets on the carpus of the cheliped in L. vermiculata and L. pannosa n. sp., they are eroded and not smooth (Fig. 6D–F).</p><p>In L. symmetrinuda, the areolets are smooth and prominent, being relatively even larger than those of L. sculpta (Fig. 3A–C).</p><p>All but one of the Lophoplax species have a prominent raised and rounded longitudinal ridge on the posterior part of sub-branchial region which is an extension of the posterior carapace margin (Figs. 3, 4). It forms a channel with the carapace margin (Fig. 9A). This structure on the posterior part of the sub-branchial region is similar to the condition reported in Antrocarcinus Ng &amp; Chia, 1994 (Antrocarcinidae Ng &amp; Chia, 1994) and Rathbunaria Ward, 1933 ( Planopilumnidae Serène, 1984) (see Ng &amp; Chia 1994; Ng 2010). Ng &amp; Chia (1994) suggested that it may assist in respiration when the animals are partially covered by silt and sand. The condition in these species of Lophoplax, however, is not as pronounced as those of the above genera. Only in L. bicristata is the intestinal region not distinctly raised, with the area appearing almost flat (cf. Tesch 1918: pl. 12 fig. 2; unpublished photographs of syntype male).</p><p>Lophoplax can also be approximately divided into two groups of species on the basis of their adult ambulatory legs. The species in the first group (with L. bicristata, L. sextuberculata and L. takakurai) have proportionately longer legs with the merus slender and more elongate (cf. Tesch 1918; Sakai 1935; Takeda &amp; Kurata 1984; Takeda &amp; Marumura 1995; Marumura &amp; Kosaka 2003). The figure of L. bicristata in Tesch (1918: pl. 12 fig. 2) is accurate; the authors have examined photographs of a syntype male in Leiden and the leg characters agree. Species in the second group (with L. sculpta, L. andamanica, L. sordida n. sp., L. pannosa n. sp., L. vermiculata and L. symmetrinuda) have proportionately shorter legs, with the merus distinctly wider and stouter (Figs. 7G–L, 12C). The ambulatory legs of L. symmetrinuda are very characteristic, being much stouter and shorter than in all the other species (Fig. 12C). The adult ambulatory legs of L. vermiculata are intermediate in length to L. symmetrinuda, and L. sculpta, L. andamanica, L. sordida n. sp. and L. pannosa n. sp. (Fig. 7J). It must be noted, however, that subadult specimens of L. vermiculata have proportionately more slender and longer ambulatory legs (Fig. 7K).</p><p>The carapace shape of most of the species varies from almost quadrate (e.g., L. bicristata and L. sculpta; Tesch 1918: pl. 12 fig. 2; Fig. 3A–C), to transversely hexagonal or subquadrate (e.g., L. pannosa n. sp., Fig. 4D), being proportionately widest in L. vermiculata (Fig. 4A, C), with all of them possessing well defined anterolateral teeth. Lophoplax bicristata, L. sculpta, L. takakurai, L. andamanica, L. sordida n. sp. and L. pannosa n. sp. have distinct tubercles on the posterolateral margin of the carapace, just posterior of the last anterolateral tooth (e.g., Fig. 3A–C); being absent in L. sextuberculata (cf. Takeda &amp; Kurata 1984: fig. 14), and in adult L. vermiculata, only sharp granules or tubercles are present instead (Fig. 4A, C), being unarmed in subadult specimens (Fig. 4B). Lophoplax symmetrinuda is in a group on its own, with the carapace transversely ovate, the anterolateral margin almost entire with only low rounded lobes and the posterolateral margin smooth (Fig. 12A).</p><p>The male anterior thoracic sternum in most of the species of Lophoplax is relatively narrow transversely (e.g., Fig. 9B, E) but in adult L. vermiculata, sternites 1–4 are distinctly wider (Fig. 9G), although in subadult males, it is relatively less obvious and more like those of other species of Lophoplax (Fig. 9F).</p><p>The females of all the species are relatively consistent in their characters; the pleons being longitudinally ovate (e.g. Fig. 8A), and the vulvae are large, ovate, obliquely positioned and occupy most of sternite 6 without any visible operculum (Fig. 8B–D).</p><p>In summary, the composition of Lophoplax remains imperfect. Looking at the series of characters of the recognised species of Lophoplax, it can be argued that the genus is heterogeneous, and should perhaps be separated into three or even four genera. Certainly, there are sufficient differences between L. bicristata (the type species), and L. sculpta, L. andamanica, L. sordida n. sp. and L. pannosa n. sp., to treat the latter group as a separate genus. A case can also be made for L. vermiculata and L. symmetrinuda to be recognised as two additional monotypic genera, especially the latter species which has many peculiar features. Recognising new genera now, however, may not be the best approach, especially since we have not had the opportunity to examine specimens of L. takakurai and L. sextuberculata . The resolution of the this matter will need to be deferred to another time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087CD7E04732A47C6FC82F312FB33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo	Ng, Peter K. L., Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2023): Review of the pilumnid crab genus Lophoplax Tesch, 1918 from the western Pacific, with descriptions of two new species, and the clarification of the identity of Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936 (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zootaxa 5244 (5): 428-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2
039087CD7E07732047C6FAA7F6E7FCE3.text	039087CD7E07732047C6FAA7F6E7FCE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophoplax sculpta (Stimpson 1858)	<div><p>Lophoplax sculpta (Stimpson, 1858)</p><p>(Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A–C, 5A, B, G, H, 6A, B, 7A, B, G, H, 8A, B, 9A–D, 10A–E)</p><p>Pilumnoplax sculpta Stimpson, 1858: 93; Miers 1886: 226; Stimpson 1907: 91, pl. 11 fig. 3.</p><p>Lophoplax sculpta — Tesch 1918: 199; Sakai 1939: 567; Serène 1968: 91; Serène &amp; Lohavanijaya 1973: 69, 75; Serène et al. 1974: 24; Serène et al. 1976: 19; Sakai 1976: 304, 541; Takeda 1977: 120, fig. 1; Miyake 1983: 231; Dai et al. 1986: 379, fig. 200 (1, 2), pl. 55 (4); Ng 1987: 79, 100, 101; Nagai &amp; Nomura 1988: 196; Dai &amp; Yang 1991: 409, fig. 200 (1, 2), pl. 55 (4); Nomura et al. 1996: 17; Sakai 2003: 22; Marumura &amp; Kosaka 2003: 47; Ng et al. 2008: 143, fig. 111; Castro &amp; Ng 2010: 25; Naruse 2010: 31; Maenosono 2019: 30, figs. 8A, 9, 13A, 14I, J.</p><p>Type material. Neotype (here designated): male (7.8 × 6.3 mm) (RUMF-ZC-8127), Minatagawa, Urasoe City, Okinawa, Japan, coll. T. Maenosono, 6 January 2008.</p><p>Other material examined. Japan — 1 male (7.8 × 6.2 mm) (ZRC 2022.777), Ukaji, Onna Village, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, coll. T. Maenosono, 22 August 2009 . Philippines — 1 female (10.4 × 8.5 mm) (ZRC 2019.1611), station M18, sandy bottom with seagrass, Gak-Ang Island, Panglao, Bohol, 0–1 m, coll. PANGLAO 2004 Expedition, 10–12 June 2004 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Carapace subquadrate (Fig. 3A–C); epigastric, protogastric, hepatic, cardiac and intestinal areolets all glabrous, prominent, smooth; epigastric areolets relatively wide, ovate, not fused with protogastric areolets (Fig. 3A–C); protogastric areolet prominent, transversely ovate to weakly crescent-shaped, positioned transversely (Fig. 3A–C); cardiac areolet transverse in position (Fig. 3A–C); hepatic areolet swollen, prominent, sometimes with a median depression, proportionately short, reaching only to base of first anterolateral tooth (Fig. 3A–C); external orbital tooth acutely triangular (Fig. 3A–C); anterolateral teeth sharply pointed (Fig. 3A–C); last anterolateral tooth rounded, at junction between antero- and posterolateral margins, partially fused with 1 or 2 partially fused rounded to subtruncate tubercles each often with median depression (Figs. 3A–C, 9A); epistome relatively wide longitudinally (Fig. 5A, B); median lobe of posterior margin of the epistome broadly triangular, with lateral margins deeply concave (Fig. 5A, B). Third maxilliped with merus quadrate, ischium subrectangular (Fig. 5G, H); dorsal and lateral surfaces of carpus of cheliped with 5 distinct smooth tubercles (Fig. 6A, B). Cheliped fingers not distinctly bent, pollex subparallel with the ventral margin of palm (Fig. 7A, B). P2–P5 not prominently elongate (Figs. 2A, B, 7G, H); outer surface of the P3–P5 merus, carpus and propodus relatively smooth to slightly rugose (Fig. 6A, B). Male pleonal somites 4–6 transversely narrow, telson slightly longer than broad, triangular (Figs. 9B, D, 10A). G1 strongly sinuous, distal part long, gently curved, elongate (Fig. 10B–D).</p><p>Description of male. Carapace subquadrate, slightly broader than long; dorsal surface gently convex in anterior half, relatively flatter on posterior half; regions distinct; surface entirely covered by short, thick setae and scattered longer plumose setae, forming spongy tomentum except for smooth, glabrous areolets on symmetrical epigastric, protogastric, hepatic, cardiac and intestinal regions; epigastric region relatively wide, longitudinally subrectangular, not fused with protogastric areolets; protogastric region transversely ovate to weakly crescent-shape, positioned transversely; cardiac region longitudinally narrow, wide, positioned transversely, medially separated by shallow setose depression; intestinal region longitudinally narrow, very wide, reaching across most of posterior margin, medially separated by shallow weakly setose part (sometimes not easily discernible); hepatic region obliquely ovate, swollen, smooth, often with median depression, adjacent to external orbital and first anterolateral teeth (Figs. 2A, B, 3A–C). Frontal margin slightly produced, gently deflexed, with 2 low lobes separated by shallow concavity; lateral lobe very low, almost undiscernible (Figs. 3A–C, 5A, B). Anterolateral margin gently convex, weakly separated from posterolateral margin; external orbital tooth acutely triangular, directed anteriorly, tip sharply pointed to gently rounded; first anterolateral tooth broadly triangular, sharply pointed; second anterolateral tooth smaller than first, tip sharp; 2 large rounded to subtruncate tubercles at junction between antero- and posterolateral margin, tip rounded to flattened, often with median depression (Figs. 3A–C). Posterolateral margin gently convex, surface granulated; margin gently converging to sinuous posterior carapace margin (Fig. 3A–C). Posterior part of sub-branchial region with distinct rounded ridge, forming channel with margin, connected to end of posterolateral margin, at junction with metabranchial region. Suborbital, subhepatic, pterygostomial and sub-branchial regions smooth (Fig. 5A, B). Orbit transverse, large; supraorbital margin gently sinuous, entire; suborbital margin gently convex, entire, with low tooth on inner angle; eyes large with short peduncle and large cornea (Figs. 3A–C, 5A, B). Antenna with basal article quadrate, fused with epistome but sutures visible, article 3 slightly shorter than basal article; article 4 as long as article 5, flagellum short, not entering orbit; antennule folding transversely (Fig. 5A, B). Epistome wider longitudinally, posterior margin with wide triangular median lobe with median fissure, separated from lateral part by short fissure; lateral margin prominently concave (Fig. 5A, B). Endostome with low oblique ridge on each half.</p><p>Third maxilliped relatively short; merus quadrate, anteroexternal angle weakly auriculiform; ischium subrectangular with shallow oblique median sulcus; exopod relatively broad, tip not reaching distal edge of merus, with long flagellum (Fig. 5G, H).</p><p>Chelipeds almost symmetrical (Fig. 2A, B), relatively short, covered with same pubescence on carapace except for areolets; basis-ischium lined with small sharp granules on ventral margin; merus short, unarmed, outer surface with 4 transverse tubercles, proximal ones largest; carpus with sharp inner distal tooth, dorsal surface with 1 large oblique tubercle and 2 smaller ones, outer lateral margin with 2 low rounded lobes, basally fused in part, proximal one larger; chela not enlarged, outer surface granulate, fingers longer than palm, dorsal margin of dactylus serrate; propodus not bent downwards, almost subparallel with ventral margin of palm (Figs. 6A, B, 7A, B).</p><p>Ambulatory legs not prominently elongate, covered with same pubescence on carapace except for swollen surfaces; outer surface weakly eroded; P3 longest, P5 shortest; merus with subdorsal longitudinal swelling, forming low dorsal and ventral cristae; carpus and propodus with prominent median longitudinal swelling, outer surface almost smooth to gently rugose; dactylus gently curved along most of length, tip hooked, glabrous (Figs. 2A, B, 7G, H).</p><p>Thoracic sternum relatively smooth, setose; sternites 1 and 2 completely fused to form triangular structure; sternite 2 and 3 separated by distinctly convex suture; sternites 3 and 4 fused but shallow oblique lateral and submedian depression demarcating sternites visible; sternopleonal cavity reaching imaginary line connecting proximal edges of coxae of chelipeds; sternite 8 exposed when pleon closed, visible as subquadrate plate (Fig. 9B–D).</p><p>Pleon triangular, transversely narrow, especially along somites 4–6; all somites and telson free; somite 1 widest, reaching to P5 coxae; somite 2 less than somites 1 and 3; somite 3 wide, reaching condyles of P5 coxae; somites 4 and 5 trapezoidal with gently concave margins; somite 6 rectangular; telson triangular, slightly longer than wide with rounded tip and gently sinuous lateral margins (Figs. 9B–D, 10A).</p><p>G1 strongly sinuous, distal part long, gently curved, elongate (Fig. 10B–D); G2 short spatuliform (Fig. 10E).</p><p>Females. Adult female specimens have a longitudinally ovate pleon that covers most of thoracic sternum, telson semicircular (Fig. 8A); vulva large, ovate, obliquely positioned, occupying proximal three-quarters of sternite 6, no operculum (Fig. 8B).</p><p>Colour in life. Background colour of carapace and pereopods white, with brown setae; epigastric areolets red; protogastric areolets bright to pale red; hepatic areolets white to orange; cardiac areolets pale yellow to dirty white (Fig. 1A, B; Maenosono 2019: fig. 8A).</p><p>Remarks. The taxonomy of L. sculpta has been reviewed by Tesch (1918), Takeda (1977) and Ng (1987). Its original placement in Pilumnoplax Stimpson, 1858, is not tenable as that genus is now a junior synonym of the euryplacid Eucrate De Haan, 1835 (cf. Castro &amp; Ng 2010). The present specimens agree very well with what was described and figured in Takeda (1977) and Maenosono (2019).</p><p>Lophoplax sculpta was described from at least one female specimen (cf. Stimpson 1858: 93; 1907: 91) collected from Ousima, Ryukyu Islands, in Japan, with one measurement provided: 7.1 by 5.6 mm. The specimen is no longer extant (cf. Evans 1967; Deiss &amp; Manning 1981; Manning 1993; Manning &amp; Reed 2006). While the species is distinctive, the descriptions of two new allied species from Indonesia and Vanuatu requires stability in this name, and a neotype is therefore needed. We therefore designate the male specimen examined here as the neotype of Pilumnoplax sculpta Stimpson, 1858 (Figs. 2A, 3A, 5A, 6A, 7A, G, 9A–D, 10A–E). It is in good condition and is also from the Ryukyu Islands.</p><p>Lophoplax sculpta most closely resembles L. andamanica in carapace features, but as already discussed at length by Trivedi et al. (2022), L. sculpta can easily be separated by the epigastric areolet being more ovate (Fig. 3A–C) (versus epigastric areolet quadrilateral in shape in L. andamanica; Trivedi et al. 2022: fig. 1A); the protogastric areolet is transversely ovate to weakly crescent-shaped in L. sculpta (Fig. 3A–C) (versus distinctly crescent-shaped in L. andamanica; Trivedi et al. 2022: fig. 1A); the hepatic region is proportionately shorter, reaching only to first anterolateral tooth (Fig. 3A–C) (versus distinctly longer, reaching to second anterolateral tooth in L. andamanica; Trivedi et al. 2022: fig. 1A); the tips of the external orbital and anterolateral teeth are sharp (Fig. 3A–C) (versus first three anterolateral teeth proportionately broader with the blunt tips in L. andamanica; Trivedi et al. 2022: fig. 1A); the epistome is proportionately slightly wider (Fig. 5A, B) (versus proportionately narrower in L. andamanica; Trivedi et al. 2022: fig. 1B); the outer surface of the carpus of the cheliped has 2 large tubercles on the dorsal surface and 2 tubercles on the outer margin (Fig. 6A, B) (versus outer surface and margin with 6–8 smaller and more dispersed tubercles in L. andamanica; Trivedi et al. 2022: fig. 1C); the cheliped fingers are not distinctly bent, with the pollex subparallel with the ventral margin of palm (Fig. 7A, B) (versus fingers sharply bent downwards in L. andamanica; Trivedi et al. 2022: fig. 1D); and the outer surface of the P3–P5 merus, carpus and propodus are relatively smoother (Fig. 7G, H) (versus surfaces distinctly more eroded in L. andamanica; Trivedi et al. 2022: fig. 1F–H). It is also useful to note that L. andamanica is only known from the Andamans in the eastern Indian Ocean and is the only species representing the genus from that ocean thus far.</p><p>The Philippine specimen (ZRC 2019.1611) differs somewhat from the Japanese specimen and what has been reported by Takeda (1977) and Maenosono (2019) in that the carapace is proportionately slightly wider, the protogastric areolets are weakly crescent-shaped rather than ovate, and the two large tubercles at the junction between the antero- and posterolateral margins are prominently larger (Fig. 2B, 3C vs. Fig. 2A, 3A). The two tubercles at the junction between the lateral margins are also slightly larger and not arranged in a linear manner like the Japanese specimens (Fig. 9A), appearing as if there are three tubercles rather than two. The differences, however, do not appear significant at the species level and can be explained by intraspecific variation.</p><p>For comparisons with L. sordida n. sp. and L. pannosa n. sp., see remarks for these species.</p><p>Habitat. From the available data, the species occurs in shallow waters outside reefs. In intertidal areas, it occurs under rocks, often with seagrass nearby. One specimen (ZRC 2019.1611) was collected from a dense seagrass patch with a sandy substrate.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the Ryukyus, Japan; and Philippines (Stimpson 1858; Takeda 1977; Maenosono 2019; Ng et al. 2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087CD7E07732047C6FAA7F6E7FCE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo	Ng, Peter K. L., Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2023): Review of the pilumnid crab genus Lophoplax Tesch, 1918 from the western Pacific, with descriptions of two new species, and the clarification of the identity of Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936 (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zootaxa 5244 (5): 428-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2
039087CD7E0D732147C6FC17F256FE2F.text	039087CD7E0D732147C6FC17F256FE2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophoplax sordida Ng & Rahayu 2023	<div><p>Lophoplax sordida n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 1C, 2C, D, 3D–F, 5C, I, 6C, 7C, I, 9E, 10F–J)</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male (8.2 × 6.5 mm) (MZB Cru 5449), Kecinan, Lombok, Indonesia, coll. D.L. Rahayu, 9 June 2009 . Paratypes: 2 males (4.2 × 3.3 mm, 6.1 × 4.8 mm) (ZRC 2022.91), Nara, Lombok, Indonesia, coll. D.L. Rahayu, 14 June 2007 ; 1 male (7.0 × 6.1 mm) (ZRC 2022.718), Tanjung Aan, Kuta, Lombok, Indonesia, coll. D.L. Rahayu, 15 May 2014 ; 1 male (6.5 × 5.6 mm) (MZB Cru 5450), Teluk Nara, Lombok, Indonesia, coll. D.L. Rahayu, 14 June 2007 . Others: 1 male (7.0 × 6.2 mm) (ZRC 2022.720), Tanjung Merah, Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, coll. La Pay, 30 March 2003 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Carapace subquadrate (Fig. 3D–E); epigastric, hepatic, cardiac and intestinal areolets glabrous, prominent, smooth or almost so; epigastric areolets relatively wide, ovate, not fused with protogastric areolets (Fig. 3D–E); protogastric areolet relatively lower, sometimes covered with setae (Fig. 3D–E); cardiac areolet transverse in position (Fig. 3D–E); hepatic areolet swollen, prominent, proportionately short, reaching only to base of first anterolateral tooth (Fig. 3D–E); external orbital tooth triangular with sharp tip, relatively wide (Fig. 3D–E); tips of anterolateral teeth sharply pointed (Fig. 3C, D); junction between antero- and posterolateral margins demarcated by low sharply pointed or rounded tooth, with low lobe just posterior to it (Figs. 3D–E); epistome relatively wider longitudinally (Fig. 5C); median lobe of posterior margin of the epistome broadly triangular, with lateral margins deeply concave (Fig. 5C). Third maxilliped with merus quadrate, ischium subrectangular (Fig. 5I). Dorsal and lateral surfaces of cheliped carpus with 5 distinct smooth tubercles (Fig. 6C); cheliped fingers not distinctly bent, pollex subparallel with ventral margin of palm (Fig. 7C). P2–P5 not elongate (Figs. 2C, D, 7I); outer surface of P3–P5 merus, carpus and propodus relatively smooth to slightly rugose, and with median longitudinal swelling (Fig. 7I). Male pleonal somites 4–6 transversely narrow, telson wider than long, semicircular in shape (Figs. 9E, 10F). G1 strongly sinuous, distal part relatively shorter, distinctly hooked (Fig. 10G–I).</p><p>Colour in life. Carapace and pereopods mostly white, but covered with brown setae; epigastric areolets pale red; protogastric and hepatic areolets pale orange (Fig. 1C).</p><p>Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin “sordidus” for dirty, alluding to the general appearance of the species, even after cleaning.</p><p>Remarks. Lophoplax sordida n. sp. differs from L. scuplta in that the protogastric areolet is distinctly ovate, relatively lower and can be covered with setae (Fig. 3D–E) (versus more prominent, clearly defined, glabrous and ovate to subcrescentic in shape; Fig. 3A–C); the external orbital tooth is relatively wider (Fig. 3D–E) (versus narrower; Fig. 3A–C); the junction between the antero- and posterolateral margins of the carapace is demarcated by a low sharply pointed or rounded tooth, with a low lobe posterior to it (Fig. 3D–E) (versus junction with two large rounded to subtruncate tubercles with the tips rounded to flattened, often with median depression; Figs. 3A–C, 9A); the male telson is relatively shorter, being wider than long and more semicircular in shape (Fig. 10F) (versus telson longer and more triangular; Fig. 10A); and the G1 distal part is shorter and distinctly hooked (Fig. 10G–I) (versus distal part longer and gently curved; Fig. 10B–D).</p><p>Two of the paratype males are smaller than the holotype male, differing mainly in having the areolets slightly less prominent, and the setae on the carapace and pereopods being less dense, the setae being longer and simpler, not appearing spongy (Fig. 3D). The armature of the various body parts, however, is the same.</p><p>Habitat. All the specimens were collected from intertidal reef habitats under rocks.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the type locality (Lombok Island), and Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087CD7E0D732147C6FC17F256FE2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo	Ng, Peter K. L., Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2023): Review of the pilumnid crab genus Lophoplax Tesch, 1918 from the western Pacific, with descriptions of two new species, and the clarification of the identity of Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936 (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zootaxa 5244 (5): 428-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2
039087CD7E0C732547C6FDDBF26AF810.text	039087CD7E0C732547C6FDDBF26AF810.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophoplax vermiculata (A. Milne-Edwards 1873)	<div><p>Lophoplax vermiculata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873)</p><p>(Figs. 1D–F, 2E–G, 4A–C, 5D, E, J, K, 6D, E, 7D, E, J, K, 8C, 9F, G, 11)</p><p>Pilumnus vermiculatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873: 247, pl. 9 fig. 6; Miers 1886: 149; Kawamoto &amp; Okuno 2003: 142; Marumura &amp; Kosaka 2003: 57; Ng &amp; Richer de Forges 2007: 327; Titelius et al. 2009: 154; Naruse 2010: 32.</p><p>Pilumnus (Parapilumnus) vermiculatus — Kossmann 1877: 38.</p><p>Planopilumnus vermiculatus — Balss 1933: 13, 41; Balss 1938: 70; Miyake 1939: 218, 239; Garth 1964: 141; Serène 1968: 86; Sakai 1976: 303, 492, pl. 176 fig. 2; Miyake 1983: 233; Garth et al. 1987: 246, 259; Nagai &amp; Nomura 1988: 191; Takeda 1989: 168, 179; Takeda 1994: 211; Nomura et al. 1996: 17; Fransen et al. 1997: 119; Davie &amp; Short 2001: 83; Sakai 2003: 26.</p><p>Platypilumnus vermiculatus — Davie 2002: 419.</p><p>“ Pilumnus ” vermiculatus — Ng et al. 2008: 142.</p><p>Lophoplax? sp. — Paulay et al. 2003: 501.</p><p>Vellumnus vermiculatus — Ng 2010: 51; Hosie et al. 2015: 276; Fujita 2018: 90.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype: male (10.6 × 8.2 mm) (ZRC 2022.696), under stones in middle of corals, New Caledonia, coll. M. Balansa, 1868–1872 . Paralectotypes: 3 dried females (1 ovigerous) (MNHN B2848), New Caledonia, coll. M. Balansa, 1868–1872.</p><p>Other material examined. New Caledonia — 1 juvenile male (7.1 × 5.6 mm) (UF 39041), rubble field, north tip of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=162.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.91" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 162.9/lat -17.91)">Huon Atoll</a>, 17.91°S 162.90°E, 0–3 m, coll. N. Evans, 13 November 2013 ; 1 male (13.9 × 11.0 mm) (UF 39325), lagoon, intertidal area, rock rubble, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=163.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.49" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 163.1/lat -18.49)">Surprise Island</a>, 18.49°S 163.10°E, 0–3 m, coll. N. Evans, 19 November 2013 ; 1 female (17.3 × 12.9 mm) (UF 39279), rubble field, north tip of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=162.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.91" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 162.9/lat -17.91)">Huon Atoll</a>, 17.91°S 162.90°E, 0–3 m, coll. N. Evans, 14 November 2013 . Guam — 1 subadult male (5.6 × 4.5 mm) (ZRC 2013.1047), in rubble bed, ca. 3 m water, Pago Bay, coll. J. Starmer, 4 December 1998 ; 1 female (7.0 × 5.1 mm) (UF 785), on wall, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.8/lat 13.5)">Tepungan Channel</a>, 13.5°N 144.8°E, ca. 2 m, at night, coll. L. Kirkendale, 17 November 1998 ; 1 male (14.1 × 10.8 mm) (UF 388), forereef, under rubble in surge zone, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.8/lat 13.5)">Pago Bay</a>, 13.5°N 144.8°E, 4–8 m, coll. G. Paulay, 14 August 2000 . Saipan — 1 female (14.2 × 11.3 mm) (UF 34958), Saipan Lagoon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.8/lat 13.5)">North Marianas</a>, 13.5°N 144.8°E, 3 m, coll. J. Starmer , no date. Palau — 1 male (12.8 × 10.3 mm) (UF 39950), back reefs, coral rubble and sand, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.52&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.52/lat 7.26)">Uchelbelau Reef</a>, 7.26°N 134.52°E, 0–1 m, coll. N. Evans &amp; A. Catches, 29 May 2014 . Pohnpei — 1 male (12.7 × 10.1 mm), 2 females (13.8 × 10.7 mm, 16.6 × 12.5 mm) (UF 5873), channel with seagrass and coral, next to Japanese dock at clam hatchery, Lenger Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=158.23&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.99" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 158.23/lat -6.99)">Caroline Islands</a>, 6.99°S 158.23°E, 0–1 m, coll. J. Starmer, 14 March 2003 . Japan —1 young male (7.2 × 5.7 mm) (ZRC 2013.169), Oura Village, Yawada, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, coll. T. Maenosono, 16 October 2008 ; 2 females (15.3 × 11.7 mm, 16.2 × 13.1 mm) (ZRC 2022.776), Sesoko Island, Motobu Town, Okinawa Island Group, Ryukyu Islands, coll. T. Maenosono, 3 June 2020 ; 1 female (13.7 × 10.5 mm) (ZRC 2022.775), Minatogawa, Urasoe City, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, coll. T. Maenosono, 4 January 2018 ; 2 males, 1 female (RUMF-ZC 5206), Benoki, Kumigani, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, coll. T. Maenosono, 16 April 2010 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Carapace subquadrate (Fig. 4A–C); epigastric, hepatic, cardiac and intestinal areolets prominent, distinctly rugose, pitted; epigastric areolets relatively wide, fused with protogastric areolets to varying degrees (Fig. 4A–C); protogastric areolet relatively wide (Fig. 4A–C); cardiac areolet transverse in position (Fig. 4A–C); hepatic areolet prominent, proportionately long, reaching only to base of second anterolateral tooth (Fig. 4A–C); external orbital tooth triangular with sharp tip, relatively wide (Fig. 4A–C); tips of anterolateral teeth sharply pointed (Fig. 4A–C); junction between antero- and posterolateral margins demarcated by sharp granules and/or rugosities (Figs. 4A–C); epistome relatively wider longitudinally (Fig. 5D, E); median lobe of posterior margin of the epistome broadly triangular, with lateral margins gently concave (Fig. 5D, E). Third maxilliped with merus quadrate, ischium subrectangular (Fig. 5J, K). Dorsal and lateral surfaces of cheliped carpus with 2 obvious rugose, pitted longitudinal swellings, rest of surface rugose, granulate (Fig. 6D, E). Cheliped fingers not distinctly bent, pollex subparallel with ventral margin of palm (Fig. 7D, E). P2–P5 relatively short in adults, longer in subadults (Fig. 7J, K); outer surface of P3–P5 merus, carpus and propodus gently rugose, with low median longitudinal swelling (Fig. 7J, K). Male pleonal somites 4–6 transversely wider (Fig. 9F, G), telson wider than long, semicircular in shape (Fig. 11A). G1 strongly sinuous, distal part relatively shorter, gently hooked to straight or gently upcurved (Fig. 11B–D).</p><p>Colour in life. Carapace cream to white with symmetrical patches of magenta, red or orange on carapace, mostly on the gastric and branchial regions; pale magenta patches at joints of chelipeds and ambulatory legs (Fig. 1D–F).</p><p>Remarks. Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1873: 247, pl. 9 fig. 6) described this species but he did not indicate how many specimens he had. Sakai (1976: 491) in his discussion on Planopilumnus minabensis Sakai, 1969 (at present in Vellumnus Ng, 2010), commented that “The holotype of this species was compared with that of P. vermiculatus by courtesy of FOREST and GUINOT at Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.” This is not correct as no holotype was selected by A. Milne-Edwards (1873). Fransen et al. (1997: 119) noted that they had some 18 syntype specimens in the Naturalis (Leiden) exchanged from Paris. In the ZRC is an old uncatalogued specimen presumably from old exchanges that is labelled as a syntype of the species. To stabilise the taxonomy of this species, this male is here designated as the lectotype of Pilumnus vermiculatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 (Figs. 2E, 4A, 11).</p><p>In establishing Vellumnus, Ng (2010: 51) commented that “ Vellumnus vermiculatus is peculiar in that the carapace setae are longer and concentrated along the anterolateral and frontal regions, with the surfaces below relatively more swollen rather than ridge-like. The figures provided for Pilumnus vermiculatus by A. Milne-Edwards (1873: 247, pl. 9 fig. 6) are somewhat schematic and do not show all the features of the species well. The types of V. vermiculatus examined actually more closely resemble species of Heteropilumnus De Man, 1895, and to some degree, Cryptocoeloma Miers, 1884 (see Ng 1987, 1989). For the moment, it is retained in Vellumnus as an atypical member of the genus.” A re-examination of the available material of V. vermiculatus now shows that it should instead be referred to Lophoplax . In the ZRC and UF are various specimens that had been identified by the first author as “ Lophoplax sp. ” (see Paulay et al. 2003); they are all L. vermiculata .</p><p>As with L. sordida n. sp., the setae on the carapace and pereopods of smaller specimens of L. vermiculata are finer, less dense and shorter than adults (Figs. 2F, 3B).</p><p>The Japanese specimens agree well with the material from Guam and New Caledonia in external morphology and we believe they are conspecific. The only difference is that the distal part of the G 1 in the type is gently curving downwards (Fig. 11B–D) whereas Maenosono (2019: fig. 14O, P) depicted it as gently curving upwards. In the material we have from Japan and Guam, the G1s are mostly straight or almost so. Such variation has previously been reported for Heteropilumnus satriai Yeo, Rahayu &amp; Ng, 2004 (cf. Ng et al. 2018: fig. 9A–C, E–G).</p><p>Habitat. The types were collected from among under rocks in intertidal coral reefs in New Caledonia. Specimens have also been collected from shallow subtidal waters by snorkelling or SCUBA, in reef habitats, rubble habitats, near seagrass beds, up to depths of 8 m.</p><p>Distribution. New Caledonia, Pohnpei, Palau, Guam, Marshall Islands, Ryukyu Islands (Japan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087CD7E0C732547C6FDDBF26AF810	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo	Ng, Peter K. L., Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2023): Review of the pilumnid crab genus Lophoplax Tesch, 1918 from the western Pacific, with descriptions of two new species, and the clarification of the identity of Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936 (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zootaxa 5244 (5): 428-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2
039087CD7E0B733847C6F942F59CFCCE.text	039087CD7E0B733847C6F942F59CFCCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophoplax pannosa Ng & Rahayu 2023	<div><p>Lophoplax pannosa n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 2H, 4D, 5F, L, 6F, 7F, L, 8D)</p><p>Type material. Holotype: ovigerous female (7.4 × 5.7 mm) (ZRC 2019.1190), station LD07, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.33" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.185/lat -15.33)">Turtle Bay</a>, Vanuatu, 15°19.8′S 167°11.1′E, 1–3 m, coll. SANTO 2006 Expedition, 28 September 2007</p><p>Diagnosis of female. Carapace subquadrate (Fig. 4D); epigastric, protogastric, hepatic, cardiac and intestinal areolets glabrous, prominent, smooth; epigastric areolets transversely narrow,relatively longer, not fused with protogastric areolets (Fig. 4D); protogastric areolet relatively transversely narrower, obliquely positioned (Fig. 4D); cardiac areolet transverse in position (Fig. 4D); hepatic areolet prominent, more elongate, reaching to second anterolateral tooth (Fig. 4D); external orbital tooth triangular (Fig. 4D); tips of anterolateral teeth sharply pointed (Fig. 4D); junction between antero- and posterolateral margins with 2 low lobes, not swollen or tuberculiform (Fig. 4D); epistome relatively wider longitudinally (Fig. 5F); median lobe of posterior margin of the epistome relatively low with lateral margins gently concave (Fig. 5F). Third maxilliped with merus quadrate, ischium subrectangular (Fig. 5L). Dorsal and lateral surfaces of carpus of cheliped with 5 weakly defined areolets, deeply eroded (Fig. 6F); cheliped fingers not distinctly bent, pollex subparallel with the ventral margin of palm (Fig. 7F). P2–P5 relatively not elongate (Figs. 2H, 7L); outer surface of P3–P5 merus, carpus and propodus gently rugose (Fig. 7L).</p><p>Colour in life. Not known.</p><p>Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin “pannosus” for scruffy or unkempt, alluding to the general appearance of the species, even after cleaning.</p><p>Remarks. Lophoplax pannosa n. sp. differs from L. scuplta in that the epigastric areolet is transversely narrower and longer (Fig. 4D) (versus relatively wider and shorter; Fig. 3A–C); the protogastric areolet is relatively transversely narrower and obliquely positioned (Fig. 4D) (versus transversely wider and subparallel in position; Fig. 3A–C); the cardiac areolet is obliquely positioned (Fig. 4D) (versus clearly transverse in position; Fig. 3A–C); the hepatic areolet is proportionately longer, reaching to the beginning of the second anterolateral tooth (Fig. 4D) (versus shorter, reaching only to the base of the first tooth; Fig. 3A–C); the junction between the antero- and posterolateral margins is demarcated by two low lobes but neither swollen or tuberculiform (Fig. 4D) (versus junction with two large rounded to subtruncate tubercles with the tips rounded to flattened, often with median depression; Figs. 3A–C, 9A); the median lobe of the posterior margin of the epistome is relatively low with the lateral margins gently concave (Fig. 5F) (versus median lobe is more salient with the lateral margins deeply concave; Fig. 5A, B); and the dorsal and outer surfaces of the carpus of the cheliped are covered with five weakly defined areolets which are deeply eroded (Fig. 6F) (versus with four distinct smooth areolets; Fig. 6A, B). No male specimens are available.</p><p>Habitat. The type was collected from shallow waters by diving (1–3 m depth) in a reef area with some seagrass beds nearby.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from Vanuatu thus far.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087CD7E0B733847C6F942F59CFCCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo	Ng, Peter K. L., Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2023): Review of the pilumnid crab genus Lophoplax Tesch, 1918 from the western Pacific, with descriptions of two new species, and the clarification of the identity of Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936 (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zootaxa 5244 (5): 428-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2
039087CD7E15733A47C6F89FF40AFBA7.text	039087CD7E15733A47C6F89FF40AFBA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophoplax symmetrinuda (Edmondson 1951)	<div><p>Lophoplax symmetrinuda (Edmondson, 1951)</p><p>(Fig. 12)</p><p>Pseudocryptocoeloma symmetrinudus Edmondson, 1951: 233, fig. 34; Serène 1968: 86; Ng 1987: 79, 97; Ng et al. 2008: 144; Marumura &amp; Takeda 2012: 192, figs. 2A, 3, 4; Maenosono 2019: 32, figs. 8B, 10, 13B, 14K, L.</p><p>Lophoplax symmetrinudus — Takeda &amp; Kurata 1984: 201; Takeda &amp; Marumura 1995: 90.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male (6.5 × 5.0 mm) (BPBM 5109), low tide, table reef, Siufaga, Tau, Samoa, coll. W. Harris, 1937.</p><p>Diagnosis. Carapace transversely subovate (Fig. 12A; Marumura &amp; Takeda 2012: fig. 3A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 10A); epigastric, protogastric, hepatic, cardiac and intestinal areolets all glabrous, prominent, smooth; epigastric areolets relatively wide, ovate, short (Fig. 12A; Marumura &amp; Takeda 2012: fig. 3A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 10A); protogastric areolet prominent, transversely ovate positioned obliquely (Fig. 12A; Marumura &amp; Takeda 2012: fig. 3A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 10A); cardiac areolet medially separated, each element positioned obliquely (Fig. 12A; Marumura &amp; Takeda 2012: fig. 3A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 10A); hepatic areolet swollen, long, reaching only to base of second anterolateral tooth (Fig. 12A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 10A); external orbital tooth wide, low (Fig. 12A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 10A, B); tips of external orbital and anterolateral teeth low, rounded (Fig. 12A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 10A, B); junction between antero- and posterolateral margins demarcated by second anterolateral tooth without additional lobes or tubercles (Fig. 12A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 10A, B); epistome relatively narrow longitudinally (Maenosono 2019: fig. 10C); median lobe of posterior margin of the epistome broadly triangular, with lateral margins gently concave (Maenosono 2019: fig. 10C). Third maxilliped with merus quadrate, ischium short (Fig. 12B). Dorsal and lateral surfaces of carpus of cheliped rugose; cheliped fingers not distinctly bent, pollex subparallel with the ventral margin of palm (Maenosono 2019: fig. 10D). P2–P5 very short, not elongate (Fig. 12C); outer surface of the P3–P5 merus, carpus and propodus smooth (Fig. 12A). Male pleonal somites 4–6 transversely wide, telson wider than long, semicircular (Fig. 12D; Maenosono 2019: fig. 13B). G1 slender, sinuous, distal part gently curved upwards (Fig. 12E, F; Marumura &amp; Takeda 2012: fig. 4A, B; Maenosono 2019: fig. 14K, L).</p><p>Colour in life. Background colour white; setae brown; epigastric, protogastric and hepatic areolets bright red; cardiac areolets pale red to red (Marumura &amp; Takeda 2012: fig. 2A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 8B).</p><p>Remarks. Lophoplax symmetrinuda is arguably the most distinctive member of the genus Lophoplax as currently diagnosed: it differs markedly from all congeners in its transversely subovate carapace (Fig. 12A; Marumura &amp; Takeda 2012: fig. 3A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 10A); the wide and low external orbital and anterolateral teeth (Fig. 12A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 8A, B); the absence of tubercles or lobes at the junction between the antero- and posterolateral margins (Fig. 12A; Maenosono 2019: fig. 8A, B); the proportionately shorter merus and ischium of the third maxilliped (Fig. 12B); the comparatively shorter ambulatory legs, especially the merus (Fig. 12C; Maenosono 2019: fig. 8B); and the distinctly wider male pleon (Fig. 12D; Marumura &amp; Takeda 2012: fig. 4C; Maenosono 2019: fig. 8B). Despite these characters, the presence and arrangement of the gastric, cardiac and hepatic lobes agrees well with other Lophoplax species, and as such we retain it in this genus for the time being, as first suggested by Takeda &amp; Kurata (1984) and Takeda &amp; Marumura (1995).</p><p>The original figures of the species by Edmondson (1951: fig. 34a–d) are inaccurate, the carapace in particular appearing quadrate rather than ovate and the dentition being incorrectly depicted (Fig. 12).</p><p>Edmondson (1951: 235) comments on why it should be in Pseudocryptocoeloma are brief and non-informative: “The genus Pseudocryptocoeloma was established by Ward in 1936 to provide for the species P. parvus, described from Lindeman Island, Queensland. The new species differs from the Australian form in the arrangement of the nude areas of the carapace. In P. parvus the entire median and posterior portions of the carapace are bare.” Maenosono (2019) described and figured the species at length and in the present examination of the holotype male agrees well with his account, notably in the form of the male pleon and G1.</p><p>Habitat. The type male was collected on a table reef in the intertidal zone of a reef. Maenoson (2019) collected the species from intertidal reef habitats as well in Japan .</p><p>Distribution. Known from Samoa and the Ryukyus, Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087CD7E15733A47C6F89FF40AFBA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo	Ng, Peter K. L., Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2023): Review of the pilumnid crab genus Lophoplax Tesch, 1918 from the western Pacific, with descriptions of two new species, and the clarification of the identity of Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936 (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zootaxa 5244 (5): 428-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2
039087CD7E17733B47C6FB53F243FBA7.text	039087CD7E17733B47C6FB53F243FBA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudocryptocoeloma Ward 1936	<div><p>Pseudocryptocoeloma Ward, 1936</p><p>Pseudocryptocoeloma Ward, 1936: 3; Ng 1987: 97; Davie 2002: 426; Ng et al. 2008: 144.</p><p>Type species. Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936, by original designation; gender neuter.</p><p>Diagnosis. Carapace subquadrate, broader than long; regions poorly defined; surface smooth, without granules or obvious rugosities, frontal and anterolateral margins covered with numerous soft setae that obscures margins, rest of carapace glabrous, appearing polished (Figs. 13A, 14A, 15A); frontal margin with 2 very low lobes, barely separated by faint concavity; lateral lobe not discernible (Figs. 13A, 14A, 15A); anterolateral margin convex; external orbital tooth very low, wide; first and second anterolateral teeth low, wide (Figs. 13A, 14A, 15A); posterior margin of epistome with wide median triangular lobe with median fissure, separated from lateral part by short fissure, lateral margin almost straight (Figs. 14A, 15B, C). Merus of third maxilliped quadrate, with auriculiform anteroexternal angle, exopod tip almost reaching distal edge of merus (Fig. 15D). Chelipeds asymmetrical, relatively short, chela high, pubescence only on dorsal margin, outer surface smooth (Figs. 13A, B, 14A–D).P 2–5 short, stout; surface smooth; margins covered with pubescence, merus without cristae on dorsal margin (Figs. 13A, 14E). Sternopleonal cavity reaching imaginary line connecting submedian part of coxae of chelipeds; sternite 8 exposed when pleon closed (Figs. 13B, 14F, 15E); pleon triangular, transversely narrow, somite 1 and 3 wide, reaching to P5 coxae (Figs. 14F, 15F). G1 strongly sinuous, distal part strongly curved (Fig. 15G –J).</p><p>Remarks. Ward (1936: 3) established this genus for one small-sized species, Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936, on the basis of the following characters: “Carapace three-quarters as long as it is broad. The posterior portions of the carapace are flat, smooth and shining. The epistome is twice as wide as it is long. The anterior margin of the buccal frame is raised and has an obsolete fissure on each side. The merus of the external maxilliped has the anterolateral angle sub-auriculate. The buccal frame is completely filled by the external maxillipeds.” He did not compare it with allied genera except Cryptocoeloma Miers, 1884, and Heteropilumnus De Man, 1895 . Compared to Cryptocoeloma, he noted that his new genus differed in that the eyes are visible in dorsal view (versus hidden below the frontal margins, the anterolateral margins are lined with setae of unequal lengths (versus lined with a fringe of setae with interspersed longer setae) and the exposed dorsal surface of the carapace is smooth and polished (versus surface duller, the regions more developed and sculptured on the branchial regions). From Heteropilumnus he commented that Pseudocryptocoeloma differed in the anterolateral margin being entire, the wider posterior carapace margin and the structure of the chela.</p><p>Despite Ward’s (1936) choice of the genus name, Pseudocryptocoeloma is actually morphologically very different from Cryptocoeloma (type species Cryptocoeloma haswelli Rathbun, 1923; cf. Ng &amp; Holthuis 1989; Ng et al. 2022). The differences highlighted by Ward (1936) are valid at the genus level; the fringe of setae mentioned by Ward for Cryptocoeloma is in fact very dense and formed by two types of long stiff setae which form a thick brush that completely obscures the frontal and anterolateral margins (cf. Ng 1989; Ng et al. 2022). In Pseudocryptocoeloma, the frontal and anterolateral setae are composed of soft plumose setae, not forming a brush, and the rest of the dorsal surfaces are very smooth and glabrous (Fig. 13A). The smoothness of the carapace is also unlike that of species of Heteropilumnus, which have better defined carapace regions and are not as polished in appearance (cf. Ng &amp; Tan 1988; Ng &amp; Davie 1991; Yeo et al. 2004; Maenosono 2016; Ng et al. 2018). Another allied genus whose identity was only recently clarified is Pseudolitochira Ward, 1942 (type species Carcinoplax integra Miers, 1884), which superficially resembles Heteropilumnus . Ng et al. (2021) showed that it can be easily distinguished from Heteropilumnus as well as Cryptocoeloma and Pseudocryptocoeloma by posterior margin of the epistome being entire, without any fissure or cleft separating the median triangular lobe from the rest of the structure (see also Ng &amp; Clark, 2022). The chela of Pseudocryptocoeloma is distinctive, with the chela high and the outer surfaces smooth even though the specimens are small (Fig. 14C, D). The male chelae of species of Lophoplax and Pseudolitochira are not enlarged, relatively more slender and with the outer surface covered with small granules (cf. present study; Ng &amp; Clark, 2022). In Heteropilumnus, the male chelae of most species are asymmetrical, with the larger chela longer and more slender (cf. Ng &amp; Tan 1988; Ng &amp; Davie 1991; Yeo et al. 2004; Maenosono 2016; Ng et al. 2018).</p><p>Edmondson (1951) described a second species, Pseudocryptocoeloma symmetrinudum, from Samoa, but it clearly does not belong to this genus and is here referred to Lophoplax (see Remarks under that species).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087CD7E17733B47C6FB53F243FBA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo	Ng, Peter K. L., Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2023): Review of the pilumnid crab genus Lophoplax Tesch, 1918 from the western Pacific, with descriptions of two new species, and the clarification of the identity of Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936 (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zootaxa 5244 (5): 428-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2
039087CD7E16733F47C6FB53F45DFDC3.text	039087CD7E16733F47C6FB53F45DFDC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudocryptocoeloma parvum Ward 1936	<div><p>Pseudocryptocoeloma parvum Ward, 1936</p><p>(Figs. 13–15)</p><p>Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936: 3, pl. 1 figs. 7–9; Davie 2002: 426; Ng 1987: 79, 97; Ng et al. 2008: 144.</p><p>Material examined. 1 male (8.7 × 6.2 mm) (NHM 1937.7.15.20), Thursday Island, Torres Strait, Australia, coll. M. Ward , 1937.</p><p>Diagnosis. As for genus.</p><p>Description of male. Carapace subquadrate, broader than long; dorsal surface gently convex in anterior half, almost flatter on posterior half; regions poorly defined; surface smooth, without granules or obvious rugosities, frontal and anterolateral margins covered by numerous soft setae that obscures margins, rest of carapace glabrous, appearing polished (Figs. 13A, 14A, 15A). Frontal margin slightly produced, divided into 2 very low lobes, barely separated by very shallow concavity; lateral lobe not discernible (Figs. 13A, 14A, 15A). Anterolateral margin convex; external orbital tooth very low, wide, outer margin 4 times longer than inner margin, separated from first anterolateral tooth by shallow notch; first anterolateral tooth low, wide; second anterolateral tooth low, with outer margin convex (Figs. 13A, 14A, 15A). Posterolateral margin gently concave, surface weakly rugose, converging to almost straight posterior carapace margin (Figs. 13A, 14A, 15A). Suborbital, subhepatic, pterygostomial and sub-branchial regions smooth (Fig. 14A). Orbit transverse, large; supraorbital margin almost straight, entire; suborbital margin gently sinuous, entire, without tooth on inner angle (Figs. 13A, 14A, 15A, B). Eyes large with short peduncle and large cornea (Figs. 13A, 14A, 15A, B). Antennular peduncle basal article folding transversely (Figs. 14A, 15B). Antennal peduncle (basal article) quadrate, immovably fused with epistome but sutures visible; articles 3 and 4 shorter than basal article, flagellum short, not entering orbit; antennule folding transversely (Figs. 14A, 15B). Epistome longitudinally wide; posterior margin with wide median triangular lobe with median fissure, separated from lateral part by short fissure; lateral margin almost straight (Figs. 14A, 15B, C). Endostome with low oblique ridge on each half.</p><p>Third maxilliped relatively short; merus quadrate, anteroexternal angle auriculiform; ischium subrectangular with shallow oblique median sulcus; exopod relatively broad, tip almost reaching distal edge of merus, with long flagellum (Fig. 15D).</p><p>Chelipeds asymmetrical, relatively short; basis-ischium almost smooth on ventral margin; merus short, unarmed; carpus with low but acute inner distal tooth, dorsal surface smooth (Figs. 13A, B, 14A–D); chela enlarged, both chelae similar in structure, outer surface smooth, glabrous, only dorsal margins setose, palm high, fingers shorter than palm, pollex forming gently concave and continuous margin with ventral margin of palm, dactylus meeting pollex at sharp angle, cutting margins of each finger with low, wide teeth (Figs. 13A, B, 14A–D).</p><p>Ambulatory legs relatively short, stout, without conspicuous teeth or spines; margins covered with similar pubescence on carapace; P3 longest, P5 shortest; merus without cristae on dorsal margin, appearing entire; carpus and propodus smooth; dactylus gently curved along most of length, tip hooked, almost glabrous (Figs. 13A, 14E).</p><p>Thoracic sternum smooth, weakly setose; sternites 1 and 2 completely fused to form triangular structure; sternite 2 and 3 separated by distinctly sinuous suture; sternites 3 and 4 fused but shallow oblique lateral depression demarcating sternites visible; sternopleonal cavity reaching imaginary line connecting submedian part of coxae of chelipeds; sternite 8 exposed when pleon closed, visible as subquadrate plate (Figs. 13B, 14F, 15E).</p><p>Pleon triangular, transversely narrow, especially along somites 4–6; all somites and telson free; somite 1 widest, reaching to P5 coxae; somite 2 less than somites 1 and 3; somite 3 wide, reaching condyles of P5 coxae; somites 4 and 5 trapezoidal with gently concave margins; somite 6 rectangular; telson triangular (Figs. 14F, 15F).</p><p>G1 strongly sinuous, distal part strongly curved, hooked, elongate (Fig. 15G–J); G2 short spatuliform (Fig. 15K).</p><p>Colour in life. Not known.</p><p>Remarks. Ward (1936: 4) described this species from 28 males and 26 females from Lindeman Island, Whitsunday Passage, Queensland; with one male with a carapace width of 10.0 mm selected as the holotype. Despite several attempts, we have not been able to examine the types in the Queensland Museum which could not be found during the period of this study because of lockdowns and collection relocation. The present specimen from northeastern Australia, however, agrees very well with the original description and figures and we are confident of its identity.</p><p>As the gender of the genus must be neuter (derived from the Greek - coeloma), the species name should be spelled as “ parvum ”.</p><p>Habitat. Ward (1936: 4) states that the “species occurs under stones on mud at about half way down the intertidal area.”</p><p>Distribution. Known only from northeastern Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087CD7E16733F47C6FB53F45DFDC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ng, Peter K. L.;Rahayu, Dwi Listyo	Ng, Peter K. L., Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2023): Review of the pilumnid crab genus Lophoplax Tesch, 1918 from the western Pacific, with descriptions of two new species, and the clarification of the identity of Pseudocryptocoeloma parvus Ward, 1936 (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zootaxa 5244 (5): 428-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5244.5.2
