taxonID	type	description	language	source
03902041FFAC3176BAD460BF6E7EE176.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 A – D)	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAC3176BAD460BF6E7EE176.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Quadrihormetica onorei Vidlička, sp. n. designed below by monotypy.	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAC3176BAD460BF6E7EE176.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differing from all other related genera with a very well developed pronotum where four protuberant yellow spots are placed (two at the top and two at the bottom of the disk). Male: Large and robust cockroaches (about 30 mm length). Interocular space very wide. Body short and broad. Tegmina coriaceous, very broad, left tegmen overlapped largely right one. Membranous hind wings relatively short, but well developed. Abdomen shiny and dark, without visible tergal glands. Legs short; tibiae armed with very strong and numerous spines; pulvilli and arolia well developed. Anteroventral margin of front femur with long but very fine hairs on distal half, type C 1.	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAC3176BAD460BF6E7EE176.taxon	description	Female: Robust. Pronotal disk black, with four visible spots, two at the bottom are smaller than two at the top. Tegmina moderate shortened, do not reach the end of the abdomen. Subgenital plate broad, symmetrical.	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAC3176BAD460BF6E7EE176.taxon	discussion	The genus Quadrihormetica is closely related to Hormetica and Lucihormetica.	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAC3176BAD460BF6E7EE176.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Ecuador (Fig. 12).	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAC3176BAD460BF6E7EE176.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The generic name is combined from prefix “ quadri- ” in the sense “ four- “ spots on pronotum and suffix, that is well known cockroach generic name Hormetica.	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAC3172BAD4678F6F53E4F6.taxon	description	Figs. 1 A – D, 2 A – G, 3 A – F, 4, 5 A – B	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAC3172BAD4678F6F53E4F6.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype ♂, Ecuador, Lumbaqui, Sucumbios (before 1993 Napo) Province, IX. 1984, leg. G. Onore (deposited in PUCE, Quito, Ecuador). Paratype ♂, Ecuador, El Reventador, Sucumbios (before 1993 Napo) Province, V. 1985, leg. G. Onore (deposited in IZ SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia). Paratype ♀, Ecuador, Lumbaqui, Sucumbios Province, 7. IV. 1993, leg. GTZ. Bauin (deposited in PUCE, Quito, Ecuador). Description. Measurement [mm] as in table 1. Male: Figs. 1 A – D, 2 A – G, 3 A – F, 4. Head dark brown to black, with big yellow spots over antennal socket (the spots may touch). Antennal sockets, anteclypeus and proximal part of labrum yellow (Figs. 1 B, D). Compound eyes dark; intraocular space large; ocelli not visible. Antennae short, reached at most half the body. Scapus, and meriston longer than wide, glossy; following 10 – 13 segments near square-shape, dark brown and glossy, nearly without se- tae; next 21 – 24 segments smaller, pale brown, dull, densely cover by small setae. Pronotum big, yellowish-red, very obvious, front and lateral parts bordered with elevated narrow strip; surface between margin and pronotal disc sparsely cover relatively big pits; elevated border of pronotal disc brick red, inner part of disk black, but centrally with four big near circled-shape, elevated, yellowish spots, two at the bottom smaller than two at the top (Figs. 1 A, C). Legs dark brown to black, glossy; trochanters and adjacent parts of coxae, and surrounding of genicular joints yellowish-brown; tibiae short, armed with long and strong spines, especially on outer ridge; arolia and pulvilli welldeveloped, yellow; claws simple and symmetrical. Front femur type C 1. Tegmina broad, coriaceous, yellowish-brown; left tegmen overlapped largely right one (Figs. 1 A, C); vena- tion very dense with number of cross-veins; anal field separated by a conspicuous claval furrow. Membranous hind wings relatively short, greyish-brown except for pale base, veins generally pale brown; venation plentiful with numerous cross-veins; some veins associate and subsequently diverge; anterior part of wings darker as posterior one (Fig. 4); anal lobe folded at rest between CuP and 1 A. Abdomen dark brown to black, glossy; T 2 – T 7 with yellowish band on lateral and distal margins; S 4 – S 5 cen- trally with yellowish irregular spots (Figs. 2 A, B). Supra-annal plate symmetrical, distal part pale, posteriorly with a superficial V-shaped incision in the middle. Cerci ± 10 - segmented, on its bases narrow pale-brown line; ventral side very densely haired, dorsal side plain (Figs. 2 C, E). Subgenital plate slightly asymmetrical (Fig. 2 D); styli small; pale plate around right stylus markedly bigger than left one and its distal margin concave (Figs. 2 F, G). Genitalia (Figs. 3 A – F). Genital hook (L 3 ’) with five inexpressive folds in the inner margin of membranous part. Preputial spines very numerous, but mostly short (L 2 vm). Female: Figs. 5 A, B. Very similar to male. Pronotum distally angustate; disc black with four simple unelevated circle spots, two at the bottom smaller than the two at the top; disc is not bordered by elevation (Fig. 5 A). Tegmina shortened, reaching to T 7. Hind wings relatively short, but partly protruded from under tegmina. Supra-anal plate very similar to male. S 6 longer as other sternites. Subgenital plate symmetrical, relatively short and broad; distal border rounded, but opposite to cerci are indistinctive concave cuts (Fig. 5 B). Etymology. The new species is named in honour of Dr. Giovanni Onore, missionary, entomologist, President of the Otonga Foundation in Ecuador and first collector of this species. Distribution. Ecuador (Sucumbios Province) (Fig. 12). Remarks. We assume that described paratype represents the female of the species Quadrihormetica onorei. This specimen comes from same locality as holotype male (Lumbaqui), proportionally corresponds to described male. Shape of pronotum and four yellow spots on pronotum are similar to male and the drawing on head is almost identical as in male. A very similar view of female pronotum as described here in case of Quadrihormetica female was illustrated based on specimens from Colombia (1 ♂, Antioquia: Medellin and 1 ♀, Cundinamarca: Mesitas del Colegio) by Salazar (2001). No other description was mentioned. Although Salazar (2001) assigned these two females into the genus Hormetica they might belong to the new, here described, genus Quadrihormetica. Until now, two species from the genus Hormetica (H. marmorata Saussure, 1869 and H. apolinari Hebard, 1919) and two related species of the genus Lucihormetica (L. subcincta (Walker, 1868) and L. verrucosa (Brunner v. W., 1865 )) were documented from Columbia. Females of above mentioned species have different view of pronotum, likewise all other species from genera Hormetica and Lucihormetica.	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAA3170BAD462DA69F1E586.taxon	materials_examined	Diagnosis. The genus Lucihormetica includes twelve species of robust cockroaches that were separated from the genus Hormetica based on the presence of two very conspicuous protuberant yellow spots on pronotal disc. The name refers to bioluminescence of these yellow spots, but their luminosity is controversial till now (Vršanský et al. 2012, Vršanský & Chorvát 2013, Greven & Zwanzig 2013, Merritt 2013). Distribution: Amazonian rain forest — Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru (Fig. 12).	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAA317CBAD4639E68BBE6FE.taxon	description	Figs. 6 A – C, 7 A – G, 8 A – F	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFAA317CBAD4639E68BBE6FE.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype ♂, Ecuador, Yasuni Scientific Station (Estación Científica Yasuní), Orellana (before 1998 Napo) Province, 8. XI. 1995, 250 m, leg. G. Onore (deposited in PUCE, Quito, Ecuador). Description. Measurement [mm] as in table 2. Male: Figs. 6 A – C, 7 A – G, 8 A – F. Head dark brown to black, with broad yellow spots over the antennal socket. Antennal sockets and proximal part of labrum yellow (Fig. 6 B). Compound eyes dark; intraocular distance large; ocelli not visible. Antennae short (but not preserved full length), reached at most half the body. Scapus, and meriston longer as wide, glossy; following 9 – 10 segments near square-shape, dark brown and glossy, nearly without setae; next 19 – 20 segments smaller, brown, dull, densely cover by small setae; following 5 segments small, yellow and at least 3 segments brown, dull. Pronotum wider than its length, brownish-yellow, bordered with elevated narrow black strip; elevated border of pronotal disc black, central part brownish-red with two bean-shaped spots (Fig. 6 A). Legs dark brown to black, glossy; trochanters and adjacent parts of coxae, and surrounding of genicular joints pale brown; tibiae short, armed with long and strong spines; arolia and pulvilli well-developed, yellow; claws simple and symmetrical. Anteroventral margin of front femur with a row of soft spines (only on distal half), and terminating in one larger spine (type C 1). Tegmina broad, coriaceous, brownish-yellow; left tegmen overlapped largely right one; venation very dens with number of cross-veins; along basal part of subcosta narrow black stripe, anal field separated by conspicuous claval furrow (Fig. 6 A). Membranous hind wings relatively short, greyish-brown, veins generally brown; venation plentiful with numerous cross-veins, mainly in remigium; remigium darker than anal field (Fig. 6 C); anal lobe folded at rest between CuP and 1 A. Abdomen dark brown to black, glossy; T 2 – T 8 with yellowish band on lateral margins and pale band on distal margins; S 3 – S 5 centrally with discreet yellowish spots (Figs. 7 A, B). Supra-annal plate symmetrical, posteriorly with a superficial V-shaped incision in the middle; central part transversally with pale strip. Cerci ± 10 - segmented, segments on bases with narrow pale-brown line; ventral side very densely haired, dorsal side plain (Figs. 7 C, D, E). Subgenital plate slightly asymmetrical; distally widely rounded; styli small, dark; pale plate around right stylus (Fig. 7 F) markedly bigger than left one (Fig. 7 G), pale border extend from right to left stylus (Fig. 7 D). Genitalia (Figs. 8 A – F). Folds in the inner margin of membranous part of genital hook [L 3 ’] inexpressive. Preputial spines sparse, short. Female. Unknown. Etymology. The new species is named according to the type locality — NP Yasuni (Ecuador). Distribution. Ecuador (Sucumbios Province). Differential diagnosis. The new species is closely related to L. amazonica. Lucihormetica yasuniana sp. n. is distinguished from L. amazonica by smaller body; tegmen markedly reaching over the body; dark coloration of tegmen is distinctly more simply; preputial spines on genitalia are more numerous and different arranged; the sclerotized part of genital hook is rectangular curved on inner side. Remarks. From among thirteen members of the genus Lucihormetica, the males of four species have very shortened tegmina (L. interna (Walker, 1868), L. osunai (Ramirez Pérez, 1992), L. subcincta and L. verrucosa) and three others (L. cerdai (Ramirez Pérez, 1992), L. fenestrata Zompro & Fritzsche, 1999 and L. grossei Fritzsche, 2003) have the tegmina that do not reach the end of abdomen. The tegmina of species L. amazonica, L. saebrai (Rocha e Silva, 1987) and L. tapurucuara (Rocha e Silva, 1979) are probably similar as in previous three species, but their pictures were probably made after amputation of abdomen because of preparation of genitalia. The descrip- tions of these three species do not mention the tegmina characteristics. In species L. luckae and L. zomproi Fritzsche, 2008 tegmen reach the end of abdomen. Only in case of L. yasuniana sp. n. tegmen overreach the tip of abdomen.	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFA6317CBAD461066CB6E072.taxon	materials_examined	Diagnosis. The genus Hormetica includes fourteen large species where pronotal disc of male specimens is very characteristic in colour and in protuberant shape. Tegmina are coriaceous, usually do not reach the end of abdomen in except to H. luteomarginata Bruijning, 1949 and H. strumosa. In two species, H. brunneri (Saussure & Zehntner, 1895) and H. marmorata (Saussure, 1869), are known only females, and descriptions of species H. bicolor (Brunner v. W., 1865) and H. ventralis Burmeister, 1838 are probably based on later nymphal instars. Distribution: Amazonian and Atlantic rain forests — Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Paraguay, Argentina (?), Venezuela (?) (Fig. 12)	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFA63167BAD466936DC5E01E.taxon	description	Figs. 9 A – E, 10 A – G, 11 A – H	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
03902041FFA63167BAD466936DC5E01E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 9 A: ♂, Ecuador, Avila Viejo, Orellana (before 1998 Napo) Province, 16. IX. 1998, 750 m, leg. E. Kohn (deposited in PUCE, Quito, Ecuador). 9 B: ♂, Ecuador, Cuyabeno, Sucumbios (before 1998 Napo) Province, 18. X. 1985, 230 m, leg. E. Corrillo (?) (deposited in IZ SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia). 9 C: ♂, Ecuador, Misahuallí, Napo (remaining part after allocation in 1998) Province, VII. 1984, leg. C. Borja (deposited in PUCE, Quito, Ecuador). 9 D: ♂, Ecuador, Archidona — Santo Domingo, Napo (remaining part after allocation in 1998), VIII. 1985, leg. C. Rosero (deposited in PUCE, Quito, Ecuador). 9 E: ♀, Ecuador, Rio Holcin, Napo (remaining part after allocation in 1998) Province, 6. XII. 1991, 1200 m, leg. Paola Ramón (deposited in PUCE, Quito, Ecuador). Additional material: Syntype, ♂, Ecuador, Hormetica strumosa S. & Z. Specimen is deposited in Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de la Ville de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland. Available photos were from dorsal and ventral sides. Photographers: John Hollier & Peter Schwendinger, MHN, Geneva Description. Measurement [mm] as in Table 3. Male: Figs. 9 A – D, 10 A – G, 11 A – H. Head very broad, dark brown to black, vertex with yellow spots or incom- plete transversal band (specimen 9 B without yellow parts in vertex), anteclypeus pale brown, antennal socket and area between eyes and antennal socket always yellow (Figs. 9 A’, B’, D’). Ocelli are not visible, interocular space very wide. Antennae short, reached by the middle of body. Scapus, pedicel and meriston are evidently longer than wide, following 7 – 8 segments are near square — this all segments are dark brown and glossy. Next 22 (24) segments are wide and short, pale brown, dull, then next 5 – 6 sphere segments are dull-yellow and next more than 10 segments are small, dull-brown. Pronotum yellow to pale brown, bordered with elevated narrow black strip, markedly enlarged on postero-lateral parts. Disk of pronotum with two big black spots antero-lateraly and one central black spot (Fig. 9 A, B, C, D). (Specimen “ 9 B ” with two small black spots in posterior part of pronotum.) Shape of spots is variable. Legs dark brown, coxae and trochanters sometimes lighter, tibiae armed with strong spines; tarsomeres with large pulvilli (Fig); tarsal claws symmetrical, pale brown, arolium present. Antero-ventral margin of front femur represents type C 1. Forewings (tegmina) coriaceous, very broad, reaching nearly behind the tip of abdomen, yellow to pale brown, with obvious black transversal band on the base (not on costal field), along subcosta with black stripe, usually reaching to the mid of tegmen (Figs. 9 A, C), sometimes longer and expanded (Fig. 9 D), sometimes very short (Fig. 9 B). Left tegmen overlapped half of the right tegmen. Right tegmen on overlapped part with bigger brown macula. Venation very dense with very rich transversal veins. Anal field very broad, anal furrow well visible, mainly in transversal part near posterior border of tegmen. Hindwings pale-brown, preaxillary area large and darker (without base and anterior margin) as anal area; anal fan is well developed, anal veins relatively closed, equally distributed, between them are darkened folds. Veins generally brown. Transversal veins present in both part of hindwings (Fig. 9 C’). Abdomen broad, shiny dark brown to black. Tergite T 2 – T 7 with obvious yellowish spots near lateral margins (Figs. 10 A, B). Supra-anal plate in basal part dark brown, middle and posterior part yellow to pale brown (Figs. 10 C, D); posterior margin in the centre with shallow incision. Cerci short, not surpassing the top of supra-anal plate (Figs. 10 A – D). Subgenital plate slightly asymmetrical, dark brown (Fig. 10 E); pale area around right stylus is bigger than left one (Figs. 10 E, F, G); styli approximately equal (Figs. 10 F, G). Genitalia (Figs. 11 A – H). Median sclerite (L 2 vm) with preputial spines is palmate with 12 short spines ordered on border. Membranous part of hook (R 2) on inner margin with seven folds. Female: Figs. 9 E-E’. Measurements are in Tab. 3. Coloration is very similar to male. Lateral and central black spots on pronotal disc are bigger and connected; on posterior part of pronotum are four smaller black spots (Fig. 9 E). Posterior margin of pronotum without black border. Inside of yellowish spots on head are small black spots (Fig. 9 E’). Forewing reaching nearly behind the tip of abdomen, yellow to pale brown, without black transversal band on the base, black stripe along subcosta very narrow (Fig. 9 E). Distribution. Ecuador-Oriente (= Región Amazónica) (Provinces Sucumbios, Orellana, Napo) (Fig. 12). Oc- currence in Azuay Province (Andes) is ambiguous and improbable (see Remarks). Remarks. The species Hormetica strumosa was originally described from Ecuador by Saussure & Zehntner (1895) without designation of more-accurately locality (J. Hollier, personal communication 2012; Vidlička 2013). The syntype deposited in Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de la Ville de Genève (J. Hollier, personal communication 2019) is exactly matched with published description (Saussure & Zehntner 1895) and with here described specimens. Hebard (1924) and subsequently Campos (1926) referred this species from the locality Cuenca (Azuay prov- ince, Ecuador) based on the juvenile female that was captured by Francisco Campos. Cuenca lies in Andy Mts. about 2500 m a. s. l. and is very atypical for the occurrence of the species from the genus Hormetica. With the exception of H. apolinari from locality Fusagasugá (1665 m a. s. l.; Hebard 1919), all other species were caught under 900 m a. s. l.	en	Vidlička, Ľubomír (2019): New genus and species of cockroaches from the tribe Brachycolini (Blattaria Blaberidae: Blaberinae) and redescription of the Hormetica strumosa. Zootaxa 4651 (1): 155-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.10
