identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0391879FFFF89A3E21A4FA9104FDFA69.text	0391879FFFF89A3E21A4FA9104FDFA69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllophoridae Ostergren 1907	<div><p>Family Phyllophoridae Östergren, 1907</p><p>The family Phyllophoridae is well represented in China by 36 species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391879FFFF89A3E21A4FA9104FDFA69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liao, Yulin;Pawson, David L.;Liu, Wei	Liao, Yulin, Pawson, David L., Liu, Wei (2007): Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus, a new species of sea cucumber from the Yellow Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 1608: 31-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178859
0391879FFFF89A3E21A4FA090604F969.text	0391879FFFF89A3E21A4FA090604F969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllophorinae	<div><p>Subfamily Phyllophorinae Heding &amp; Panning, 1954</p><p>Including the new species described here, eleven species of phyllophorines are now known from China. Two new species were described by Liao and Pawson (2001).</p><p>The relevant section of the key to holothurians of China, provided by Liao (1997), is revised and presented below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391879FFFF89A3E21A4FA090604F969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liao, Yulin;Pawson, David L.;Liu, Wei	Liao, Yulin, Pawson, David L., Liu, Wei (2007): Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus, a new species of sea cucumber from the Yellow Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 1608: 31-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178859
0391879FFFF89A3F21A4F90F02AAFCAF.text	0391879FFFF89A3F21A4F90F02AAFCAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllophorinae	<div><p>Key to members of the subfamily Phyllophorinae known from China</p><p>1. Tentacles 30 ..................................................................................................................... Anthochirus loui Chang, 1948</p><p>- Tentacles 20 ....................................................................................................................................................................2</p><p>2. Ossicles four-pillared tables with high spires, the pillars connected by three or more transverse bridges....................3</p><p>- Ossicles four-pillared tables with low spires, one transverse bridge present, or bridges absent ....................................7</p><p>3. Tentacles 20 in a single ring ...................................... Phyllophorus (Isophyllophorus) orientalis Liao &amp; Pawson, 2001</p><p>- Tentacles 20 in two rings. ...............................................................................................................................................4</p><p>4. Spires of tables exceedingly high, with about ten transverse bridges.............................................................................. ........................................................................................ Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) hypsipyrga (Marenzeller, 1881)</p><p>- Spire of table moderately high, with 3–6 transverse bridges ..........................................................................................5</p><p>5. Spire of table topped with numerous closely crowded spines ......................................................................................... ................................................................................................. Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) cebuensis (Semper, 1868)</p><p>- Spire of table topped with few spines, not closely crowded...........................................................................................6</p><p>6. Ossicles in tube feet similar to those in body wall ........................ Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) ordinatus Chang, 1935</p><p>- Ossicles in tube feet irregular tables with discs divided into two to five lobes ................................................................ ................................................................................. Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) donghaiensis Liao &amp; Pawson, 2001</p><p>7. Ossicles absent from body wall except near posterior end; tables with nodulous periphery........................................... .................................................................................................... Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus new species</p><p>- Ossicles common in all parts of body wall; tables with or without nodulous periphery ...............................................8</p><p>8. Calcareous ring with long posterior projections, each composed of about 8–12 pieces.................................................9</p><p>- Calcareous ring with relatively short posterior projections, each composed of five or fewer pieces ..........................10</p><p>9. Discs of tables with peripheral knobs; body fusiform, up to 50 mm long ....................................................................... ......................................................................................... Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella) dubius (Cherbonnier, 1960) .</p><p>- Discs of tables without peripheral knobs; body vermiform, up to 200 mm long ............................................................. ................................................................................................ Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella) liuwutiensis Yang, 1937</p><p>10. Tables irregular, discs with marginal projections ...................... Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella) spiculata Chang, 1935</p><p>- Tables regular, discs lacking marginal projections ........................................................................................................... .......................................................................... Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella) kohkutiensis Heding &amp; Panning, 1954</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391879FFFF89A3F21A4F90F02AAFCAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liao, Yulin;Pawson, David L.;Liu, Wei	Liao, Yulin, Pawson, David L., Liu, Wei (2007): Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus, a new species of sea cucumber from the Yellow Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 1608: 31-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178859
0391879FFFF99A3F21A4FC3D038CFB5A.text	0391879FFFF99A3F21A4FC3D038CFB5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) Grube 1840	<div><p>Subgenus Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) Grube, 1840</p><p>The subgenus Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) currently comprises three species – the type species P. (P.) u r n a Grube, 1840 (see Heding &amp; Panning, 1954), from the Mediterranean; P. (P.) pedinaequalis Cherbonnier, 1969, from off NW Spain; and P. (P.) roseus Cherbonnier and Feral, 1976, from Indonesia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391879FFFF99A3F21A4FC3D038CFB5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liao, Yulin;Pawson, David L.;Liu, Wei	Liao, Yulin, Pawson, David L., Liu, Wei (2007): Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus, a new species of sea cucumber from the Yellow Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 1608: 31-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178859
0391879FFFF99A3D21A4FB0A0342FD5A.text	0391879FFFF99A3D21A4FB0A0342FD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus	<div><p>Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus, new species</p><p>Figures 1–2</p><p>Diagnosis: Medium-sized, up to 80 mm long and 20 mm in diameter. Body cylindrical, posterior end more or less tapering. Tube feet small, scattered on body wall, more numerous ventrally. Tentacles 20 in three circles, 10+5+5. Calcareous ring with medium-length posterior projections on radials, each composed of about 10 small pieces. Ossicles in form of four-pillared tables with low spires, scarce in body wall, present only in posterior region near anus.</p><p>Material Examined: HOLOTYPE, IOCAS E- 1110, Yellow Sea, 36ºN, 120ºE, 16 September 2002, 32 m, muddy sand bottom. PARATYPES IOCAS E- 1111, Yellow Sea, 36ºN, 120º30’E, 19 October 2000, 30 m, 2 specimens; IOCAS E- 1112, Yellow Sea, 35º 30’N, 121º30’E, 19 May 2001, 32 m, 1 specimen; IOCAS E- 1113, Yellow Sea, 35º30’N, 121º30’E, 15 June 2003, 33 m, 1 specimen; IOCAS E- 1114, Yellow Sea, 36ºN, 121ºE, 15 June 2004, 32 m, 1 specimen; IOCAS E- 1115, Yellow Sea, 35º 30’N, 121º E, 15 June 2003, 35 m, 1 specimen; IOCAS E- 1116, Yellow Sea, 35º 30’N, 120º 30’E, 11 August 2001, 30 m, 1 specimen; IOCAS E- 1117, Yellow Sea, 36ºN, 121ºE, 15 June 2003, 22 m, 1 specimen; IOCAS E- 1118, Yellow Sea, 35º30’N, 121º30’E, 19 May 2001, 45 m, 1 specimen. All specimens collected with a Petersen grab.</p><p>Description: Holotype (Figure 1) 80 mm long, diameter at mid-body 20 mm. Body cylindrical, slightly curved, with anterior end rounded, posterior end more or less tapering. Tentacles retracted; anus terminal, surrounded by five minute papillae. Tentacles 20, apparently in three circles of 10+5+5. Tube feet small, numerous, scattered all over body, more numerous ventrally than dorsally. Body wall thick, soft. Color in alcohol whitish or cream, with numerous black bands or patches.</p><p>Ossicles in body wall scarce or absent. No ossicles in anterior and middle part of body, except for endplates in tube feet (Figure 1 C). Ossicles present only in vicinity of anus, as tables (Figure 2 A) with low fourpillared spires. Disk perforated by four large central holes and 8–12 small peripheral holes; edge of disc sinuous, with small peripheral knobs. Spire end in crown of eight spines. Disk diameter 74–179μm (average 120μm), spire height 51–63 μm. In tentacles, delicate supporting rods (Figure 2 B) of length 68–310μm (average 180μm), often with one or two perforations at extremities. In introvert, rosettes only (Figure 2 D).</p><p>Paratypes: Nine paratypes collected near or at same station as holotype. Two paratypes lack ossicles altogether; collectors noted that these two specimens had been placed in formalin for several days; presumably ossicles dissolved due to acidic conditions. In one paratype tube feet arranged in five double rows in radii, and apparently absent from interradii; other features identical with those of the holotype. Calcareous ring (Figure 1) large, about 20 mm in length, including posterior projections, ring composed of five compound radial and five single interradial plates. Radials divided anteriorly into two unequal halves by a deep notch; posterior projections each composed of 8–10 small pieces. Interradials lower, more or less triangular, anterior point attenuate, posterior base broad, rounded. Polian vesicle and stone canal single.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is derived from Latin macula, in reference to the blotches of color on the body wall of this species.</p><p>Remarks: It is assumed that this is a burrowing species, like most of its relatives. This new species differs from its consubgeners in possessing body wall tables with short spires, the tables present only in the vicinity of the anus; in the shape of the calcareous ring; and in the color of the body.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391879FFFF99A3D21A4FB0A0342FD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liao, Yulin;Pawson, David L.;Liu, Wei	Liao, Yulin, Pawson, David L., Liu, Wei (2007): Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus, a new species of sea cucumber from the Yellow Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 1608: 31-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178859
