taxonID	type	description	language	source
039187EBFFF2153CACDAFE0CFAD1FADD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica. Ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 0814), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 3 non-ovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 2001 - 05,27), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of Agelas cf. dispar. 3 non-ovigerous individuals, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 3001 - 03,06), Dairy Bull Reef (18 ° 28.083 ΄ N, 77 ° 23.289 ΄ W), from canals of A. cf. dispar. Ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 4401), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker) Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 5601,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 6106,12), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 3 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 8501,03,11), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 6 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 8909,30,31), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Maximum CL (MaxCL) ovigerous female: 4.55 mm. MaxCL Non-ovigerous individual: 3.78 mm. Color. Orange, with distal palm and fingers of major chela brighter orange; ovaries and embryos usually brilliant orange, green in a few females (see Color plate 1 A).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF2153CACDAFE0CFAD1FADD.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. As its name suggests, S. agelas has only been found inhabiting the canals of two members of the sponge genus Agelas: A. cf. dispar, and A. cf. clathrodes; in Jamaica it was usually found in heterosexual pairs, often sharing the sponge with Synalpheus carpenteri Macdonald and Duffy, 2006, and Synalpheus thele n. sp. (see below).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF2153CACDAFE0CFAD1FADD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bahamas (Dardeau 1984), Gulf of Mexico (Pequegnat and Heard 1979; Dardeau 1984), Puerto Rico (Dardeau 1984), Cuba (Martínez Iglesias and García Raso 1999), Belize (Macdonald et al 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007), Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF2153CACDAFE0CFAD1FADD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens of S. agelas collected in Jamaica resemble those found in other locales, with the exception that some females carried green embryos (see Color plate 1 A), unlike the orange embryos carried by females in other regions; these females, however, were morphologically alike in every other regard.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF21532ACDAFA71FAF2F980.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 3301,02), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of Hyattella intestinalis. 2 non-ovigerous individuals, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 6501 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. MaxCL ovigerous female: 4.55 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 4.62 mm. Belize: Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 04 CBC 0402), Curlew Reef, Belize, from canals of H. intestinalis. Color. Transparent, faintly blue-violet; distal portion of major chela brown-green; embryos brownish or dark green (see Color plate 1 C).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF21532ACDAFA71FAF2F980.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. In Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007), as well as in Jamaica (present study), S. androsi seems to be a pair-forming specialist inhabiting the canals of H. intestinalis.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF21532ACDAFA71FAF2F980.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bahamas (Coutière 1909); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF21532ACDAFA71FAF2F980.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The unique diagnostic structure of S. androsi, matching concave flexor surfaces of the carpus and merus of the 3 rd pereopod, (Coutière 1909) is not as evident in these individuals as in those from other regions (especially in regards to the carpus), but is still distinct enough to recognize this species (see Fig. 2 for a comparison of Jamaican and Belizean individuals). PLATE 1. A, Synalpheus agelas ovigerous female (08 JAM 8503) from Agelas cf. dispar, Rio Bueno Jamaica. B, Synalpheus agelas non-ovigerous individual (08 JAM 6112) from Agelas cf. clathrodes, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. C, Synalpheus androsi ovigerous female (08 JAM 6502) from Hyattella intestinalis, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. D, Synalpheus bocas (08 JAM 7402) from Xestospongia proxima, Rio Bueno, Jamaica.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF21532ACDAFA71FAF2F980.taxon	description	FIGURE 2. Synalpheus androsi. Non-ovigerous individual CL: 4.55 mm (08 JAM 6501). A, merus and carpus of 3 rd pereopod, lateral view; B, merus and carpus of 3 rd pereopod, alternate view. Non-ovigerous individual from Belize CL: 3.59 (04 CBC 0402). C, merus and carpus of 3 rd pereopod, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.4 mm for A, B; 0.25 mm for C.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFC1530ACDAF9DDFF67FD0B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 0501,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Xestospongia proxima. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 1101,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of X. proxima. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 8401,05), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of X. proxima. 3 nonovigerous individuals, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 8701 - 03), wall off Rio Bueno, Jamaica, from canals of X. proxima. MaxCL ovigerous female: 5.58 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 4.67 mm. Color. Pale milky in appearance, distal end of major chelae orange; embryos and ovaries bright yellow. Hosts and ecology. In Jamaica, this species has only been found inhabiting sponges of the genus Xestospongia. The types from the Belize Barrier Reef came from an unidentified cryptic sponge. In Jamaica, this species is often found cohabitating with other members of the Synalpheus paraneptunus Coutière complex, viz. S. bocas Anker and Tóth and S. duffyi Anker and Tóth.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFC1530ACDAF9DDFF67FD0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Anker and Tóth 2008); Jamaica (this study). PLATE 2. A, Synalpheus bocas ovigerous female (08 JAM 7404) from Xestospongia proxima, Rio Bueno, Jamaica. B, Synalpheus bocas ovigerous female (08 JAM 7504) from Xestospongia proxima, Rio Bueno, Jamaica. C, Synalpheus carpenteri ovigerous female (08 JAM 6113) from Agelas cf. clathrodes, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. D, Synalpheus corallinus ovigerous female (08 JAM 7001) from Hyattella intestinalis, Dairy Bull Reef, Jamaica.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFC1530ACDAF9DDFF67FD0B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus belizensis belongs to a complex of morphologically similar species that includes S. paraneptunus, S. bocas, S. duffyi, S. brevidactylus Anker and Tóth, and S. riosi Anker and Tóth. Although S. belizensis females always have bright yellow embryos or mature ovaries, the color of these parts in the morphologically similar S. bocas ranged from bright green to yellow, therefore, making these two species difficult to distinguish by color pattern alone, i. e., without careful morphological examination. Synalpheus belizensis may be most reliably distinguished from S. bocas by the presence of a scaphocerite blade in the former species, although the blade was often vestigial (or missing on one side) in larger individuals of S. belizensis. Although the diagnosis of S. belizensis in Anker and Tóth (2008) states that the scaphocerite does not have a blade, this is presumably an error, for the figure of the holotype plainly shows a blade, and the authors mention the scaphocerite blade in other parts of the manuscript (including the key). Synalpheus belizensis can be distinguished from the remaining members of the S. paraneptunus group by the uropodal exopod bearing a single fixed tooth anterior to the movable spine on the lateral margin (vs. two or more in other species); and the third maxilliped armed with a crown of eight to nine spines (vs. six or fewer in other species).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFE1530ACDAFD5FFD07F908.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: Ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 0503), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Xestospongia sp. Non-ovigerous individual, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 7402,04,08), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of Xestospongia proxima. 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 7503,05), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of Xestospongia subtriangularis. 2 non-ovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 8403 - 05), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of X. proxima. MaxCL ovigerous female: 4.42 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 4.17 mm. Color. Pale, milky appearance, distal portion of major chela orange-brown; embryos and mature ovaries either bright green or yellow (see Color plates 1 D, 2 A, B).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFE1530ACDAFD5FFD07F908.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. In Jamaica, this species has only been found in sponges of the genus Xestospongia. It is found as one to several pairs, and is often cohabitating with other members of the S. paraneptunus group (S. belizensis, S. duffyi).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFE1530ACDAFD5FFD07F908.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bocas del Toro, Panama (Anker and Tóth 2008); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFE1530ACDAFD5FFD07F908.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus bocas is another member of the S. paraneptunus complex, which also includes S. belizensis and S. duffyi in Jamaica. Synalpheus bocas is morphologically most similar to S. belizensis (Anker and Tóth 2008), from which it can be distinguished by the absence of a scaphocerite blade (vs. presence of a small blade in S. belizensis); stouter telson dorsal spines, and bright green embryos and ovaries (vs. yellow), although the embryos of one specimen from Panama were described as “ greenish yellow ” (Anker and Tóth 2008). Similarly, in Jamaica, we have observed individual females of S. bocas carrying embryos ranging from green to yellow (see Color plate 1 D, 2 A, B). Therefore, differentiation between these two species requires a careful examination of the scaphocerite and often a direct comparison of the dorsal spines on the telson. Synalpheus bocas may be distinguished from the remaining members of the S. paraneptunus complex by the same characters as S. belizensis (see above).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFE1531ACDAF95AFB7EFA28.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: Ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 0601), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of unidentified purple sponge. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.01 mm. Color. Translucent, gold-brown tinge toward distal portion of major chela; ovaries and embryos olive green to chestnut-brown.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFE1531ACDAF95AFB7EFA28.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus bousfieldi is typically found in pairs, most commonly in Hyattella intestinalis. In Jamaica, we found one individual in an unknown purple, mucus-producing sponge.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFE1531ACDAF95AFB7EFA28.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bahamas (Dardeau 1984); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias and García Raso 1999); Gulf of Mexico (Dardeau 1984); Yucatan, Mexico (Chace 1972); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFE1531ACDAF95AFB7EFA28.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus bousfieldi is a member of a complex of closely related, morphologically similar Synalpheus species that includes S. brooksi Coutière, S. carpenteri Macdonald & Duffy, S. chacei Duffy, and the below-described S. corallinus n. sp., S. plumosetosus n. sp., and S. thele n. sp. (see Table 3). Synalpheus bousfieldi is distinguishable from S. brooksi, S. chacei, and S. thele by the distal protuberance on the palm of the major chela, which tapers distally and curves slightly downward, toward the dactyl; from S. chacei, S. corallinus and S. thele by the presence of a thick brush of setae on the dactyl of the minor chela (instead of two longitudinal rows); from S. plumosetosus by the absence of plumose setae on the gambarelloides brush of the minor chela. The single female, tentatively identified here as S. bousfieldi, shares all diagnostic characters with the typical S. bousfieldi (see Chace 1972, Macdonald and Duffy 2007), except for the fingers of the major chela, which are narrow, with straight flexor margins and unusual tips (Fig 3), unlike any other Synalpheus species. With only one specimen in hand, found in a sponge from which we had never collected shrimp before, it is difficult to determine if this individual belongs to a new species, or is S. bousfieldi with an aberrant major chela. frontal margin normal shallow shallow normal scaphocerite blade absent absent absent absent minor chela dactyl setae thick brush two longitudinal two longitudinal thick brush rows rows setae of minor chela brush simple simple simple simple embryo color bright orange cream to pale coral pink olive green to yellow chestnut brown major chela protuberance distally produced, small tubercle distally produced, distally produced, curved towards palm curved towards palm curved towards palm ovigerous females: others ~ 1: 1 << 1: 1 ~ 1: 1 ~ 1: 1	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF81536ACDAFCD8FD24F985.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 0706), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of Aiolochroia (Pseudoceratina) crassa. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 4501,02), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, host unknown. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.05 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 2.51 mm. Color. Translucent, distal portion of major chela gold; embryos and ovaries bright green.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF81536ACDAFCD8FD24F985.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus brevifrons in Belize has typically been found inhabiting the canals of a soft, filmy, grey-brown sponge that lines the cavities of rocks and the canals of the sponge Aiolochroia (Pseudoceratina) crassa (see Color plate 7 A). It is possible that the Jamaican specimens had also been associated with this cryptic sponge species.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF81536ACDAFCD8FD24F985.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Dominica (Chace 1972); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos & Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF81536ACDAFCD8FD24F985.taxon	discussion	Remarks. While specimens of S. brevifrons from Jamaica do not differ morphologically from those found in Belize, they do consistently differ from the female holotype figured by Chace (1972): the female specimens from Belize and Jamaica have hooks on the ventral margin of the third through fifth pleura and deeper adrostral sinuses on the frontal margin (Fig. 4).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF81534ACDAF926FDBEFE63.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 0103), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Hyattella intestinalis. Non-ovigerous individual and ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 0703,06), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.05 mm. Color. Translucent overall, distal portion of major chela usually orange; ovaries and embryos vary in color, but are typically pale.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF81534ACDAF926FDBEFE63.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. In Jamaica S. brooksi were collected as infrequent inhabitants of H. intestinalis. In other regions, S. brooksi can also be found, often in large numbers, in the common loggerhead sponge Spheciospongia vesparium Lamarck and in Lissodendoryx colombiensis Zea & van Soest. However, in Jamaica we found no L. colombiensis, and only a single S. vesparium, which harbored no S. brooksi.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF81534ACDAF926FDBEFE63.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bahamas (Coutière 1909; Pearse 1950; Lemaitre 1984; Macdonald & Duffy 2007); Florida Keys, USA (Coutière 1909, 1910; McClendon 1911; Pearse 1932; Heard & Perlmutter 1977; Duffy 1993); Gulf of Mexico (Coutière 1909; Lyons et al. 1971; Dardeau 1984; Erdmann & Blake 1987); Yucatan, Mexico (Coutière 1909; Chace 1972); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias & García Raso 1999); Puerto Rico (Rathbun 1901; Coutière 1909); US Virgin Islands (Coutière 1909); Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, Tobago (Chace 1972); Netherlands Antilles (Westinga & Hoetjes 1981); Caribbean Panama (Duffy 1992, 1993, 1996 b); Surinam (Holthuis 1959); Belize (Duffy 1993; Macdonald et al. 2006; Macdonald & Duffy 2007; Ríos & Duffy 2007); Brazil (Coutière 1909; Coelho & Ramos 1972); Discovery Bay, Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFF81534ACDAF926FDBEFE63.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus brooksi is the nominal species of the complex of morphologically similar and presumably closely related Synalpheus species that includes S. bousfieldi, S. carpenteri, S. chacei, S. corallinus n. sp., S. plumosetosus n. sp., and S. thele n. sp. (see Table 3). Synalpheus brooksi is distinguishable from all of these species by the distal protuberance on the palm of the major chela, which is bluntly conical and directed upward and slightly away from the dactyl. Unlike S. brooksi collected from other localities, Jamaican specimens have two parallel rows of setae on their minor chela dactyl, as described for S. chacei, (Duffy 1998) and for S. corallinus and S. thele (this paper), rather than a thick brush. Due to this distinctive difference, the identification of the three individuals from Jamaica as S. brooksi must be provisional pending further study.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFA1535ACDAFDBCFBCBFD55.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: 2 non-ovigerous individuals, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 1001,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 2 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 1301 - 03), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of Agelas cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 1401), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 1501,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 9 nonovigerous individuals, 8 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 1701,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 68 non-ovigerous individuals, 21 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 2006 - 26,28,29), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 2101), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 2301), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 2401), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 10 non-ovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 2601 - 04), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 3004,07,08), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 3501 - 04), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 11 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 3801 - 04), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 8 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 3901 - 08), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 2 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08 JAM 4106,07), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. clathrodes. 21 non-ovigerous individuals, 6 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 4402 - 09), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 non-ovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 6102,09,13,14,23), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 6801,02), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 4 nonovigerous individuals, 3 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 8001 - 05), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 8101,02), wall off Rio Bueno, Jamaica, from canals of A. cf. dispar. Ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 8301), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 11 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 8502,04 - 10), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. dispar. 11 non-ovigerous individuals, 11 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 8904,07,11,15 - 19), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.78 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.17 mm. Color. Bright orange overall, distal portion of major chela typically even brighter orange; embryos and ovaries are also an intense bright orange.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFA1535ACDAFDBCFBCBFD55.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus carpenteri appears to be a specialist inhabiting sponges of the genus Agelas. In Jamaica, S. carpenteri was found in large numbers, typically in relatively equal sex ratios, and was the most commonly found shrimp in both A. cf. clathrodes and A. cf. dispar. This contrasts with the situation in Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Rios and Duffy 2007) and Caribbean Panama (Macdonald and Duffy 2007), where S. carpenteri is less common and typically occurs as one or a few pairs per sponge.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFA1535ACDAFDBCFBCBFD55.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bahamas (as S. bousfieldi in part, Dardeau 1984; Macdonald and Duffy 2007); Caribbean Panama (Macdonald and Duffy 2006); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Macdonald and Duffy 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFA1535ACDAFDBCFBCBFD55.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus carpenteri is another member of a complex of closely related, morphologically similar species that includes S. brooksi, S. bousfieldi, S. chacei, S. corallinus n. sp., S. plumosetosus n. sp., and S. thele n. sp. (see Table 3). In life it is easily distinguishable from all other members of the complex by the intense orange color, especially the brilliant orange of the ovaries and developing embryos (see Color Plate 2 C). In preserved specimens, it can be recognized by the short, wide telson and usually by the extremely short distolateral spines of the basicerite and scaphocerite. However, two of the new species described here (S. corallinus and S. plumosetosus) also have basicerite and scaphocerite distolateral spines that rarely reach beyond the distal margin of the second segment of the antennular peduncle. Synalpheus carpenteri can be differentiated from S. corallinus by the width of the telson (telson length / proximal margin width ratio averages 0.75 in S. carpenteri and 1.19 in S. corallinus) and by the presence of a thick brush of setae on the dactyl of the minor chela (vs. two closely set, longitudinal rows of setae in S. corallinus), and from S. plumosetosus by the stouter telson (ratio of length / proximal margin width ~ 0.75 in S. carpenteri vs. ~ 1.04 in S. plumosetosus) and by the lack of plumose setae in the minor chela setal brush.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFB152FACDAFCE9FDF0FCE0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: Holotype: non-ovigerous individual, CL: 3.40, (USNM 112363, original VIMS 08 JAM 7002), Dairy Bull Reef, (18 ° 28.083 ΄ N, 77 ° 23.289 ΄ W), from canals of Hyattella intestinalis. Allotype: ovigerous female, CL: 3.93 mm, (USNM 112364, original VIMS 08 JAM 7001), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of same individual H. intestinalis as holotype.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFB152FACDAFCE9FDF0FCE0.taxon	description	Description. Body form subcylindrical; carapace smooth, sparsely setose, posterior margin with cardiac notch distinct. Frontal margin very shallow, rostrum slightly longer than ocular hoods (Fig. 5). Orbitorostral process absent. Ocular hoods dorsally convex; in dorsal view, blunt, separated from rostrum by shallow adrostral sinus. Stylocerite acute, with blunt tip; mesial margin concave; reaching midpoint of first segment of antennular peduncle. First antennular segment without ventromesial tooth, and with two basal ventral processes. Basicerite without sharp tooth on dorsomesial corner, with longer ventrolateral spine, not reaching third segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite blade absent, acute lateral spine robust, with lateral margin slightly concave, slightly longer than basicerite spine, barely reaching third segment of antennular peduncle. Third maxilliped (Fig. 6) with distal circlet of approximately six spines on distal segment, without ventrodistal spine on antepenultimate segment. Major first pereopod (Fig. 5) massive, fingers clearly shorter than half-length of palm; fixed finger slightly shorter than dactyl. Palm of chela with distal superior margin protuberance tapering distally and slightly curved downward, toward dactyl. Minor first pereopod (Fig. 7) with palm less than two times longer than high; fingers clearly shorter than palm; dactyl with flexor margin concave, blade-like, with two distinct distal teeth, subequal in length; extensor surface of dactyl with two closely set longitudinal rows of curved setae; fixed finger with flexor margin slightly concave, blade-like, and two distinct distal teeth subequal in length. Second pereopod (Fig. 8) with carpus 5 - segmented, subequal in length to merus. Both fingers terminating in a narrow, curved tooth. Third pereopod (Fig. 8) slender; dactyl biunguiculate, with flexor unguis clearly thicker than extensor, mesial margin of flexor unguis strongly convex; propodus with row of five movable spines on flexor margin and one pair of distal movable spines flanking base of dactyl; carpus with distal movable spine on flexor margin; merus almost four times longer than wide, without movable spines on flexor margin. Fourth pereopod (Fig. 8) similar to third, slightly weaker; three spines on flexor margin of propodus. Fifth pereopod (Fig. 8) weaker than fourth; propodus with only two spines on flexor margin, and four transverse combs of stout setae on ventral face; carpus without distal spine. First pleura (Fig. 6) of male with posterior corner distinctly produced ventrally into strong hook; second pleura of male broadly rounded with slightly concave ventral margin; third to fifth pleura of male with rounded anterior corner, slightly obtuse posterior corner. First pleopod (Fig. 9) of male with single terminal seta on endopod; second pleopod of male with marginal setae on exopod originating in distal half; appendix interna present on second to fifth male pleopods. Second pleopod (Fig. 7) of female with marginal setae on exopod originating in distal half; appendix interna present on second to fifth female pleopods. Telson (Figs. 5, 6) with convex marginal lobe on distal margin; posterior corners adjacent to spines obtuse. Dorsal spines large, clearly removed from lateral margins. Posterior margin with six setae between two sets of spines, lateral spines half-length of mesial. Distance between distal spines 30 % width of distal margin. Telson 30 % as wide at distal margin as at base. Uropods (Fig. 6) with a single fixed tooth on lateral margin of exopod distinctly removed anteriorly from movable spine, latter much longer than adjacent posterior fixed tooth. Color in life. Nondescript, translucent with dull gold tinge to thickened parts of cuticle; distal palm and fingers of major chela brownish; ovaries and embryos orange-tinged pink (Plate 2 D).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFB152FACDAFCE9FDF0FCE0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We have named this species after the highly distinctive embryo color, which most closely matches “ coral pink ” from the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (Kelly & Judd 1976).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFB152FACDAFCE9FDF0FCE0.taxon	description	Variation. There is little variation between the two specimens of Synalpheus corallinus we examined. The dactyl of the female’s major chela (Fig. 5) is distally acute, rather than rounded as in the male. Additionally, the frontal margin (Fig. 5) of the female is shallower than that of the male, and the relative lengths of the lateral spines of the basicerite and scaphocerite differ between these individuals. Hosts and ecology. The single pair of Synalpheus corallinus, n. sp. was collected from the canals of the common Caribbean sponge Hyattella intestinalis.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFB152FACDAFCE9FDF0FCE0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known only from Discovery Bay, Jamaica.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFFB152FACDAFCE9FDF0FCE0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus corallinus n. sp. appears to be another member of the complex of closely related, morphologically similar species that includes S. brooksi, S. bousfieldi, S. chacei, S. thele n. sp. and S. plumosetosus n. sp. (see Table 3). Synalpheus corallinus is distinguished by the combination of very shallow frontal margin, two parallel longitudinal rows of setae on the dactyl of the minor chela, protuberance on the major chela palm tapered and curved downward distally, and distinctive coral-colored embryos and ovaries (Color Plate 2 D). While most of these individual characters are shared with one or more members of the S. brooksi complex, such as shallow frontal margin and minor chelae setal brush (S. chacei, S. thele), and the shape of the major chela protuberance (S. bousfieldi, S. plumosetosus), Synalpheus corallinus exhibits a unique combination of these characters.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFE1152CACDAFC3BFAA4F8AF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: 13 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 0901,02), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of Xestospongia proxima. 61 non-ovigerous individuals, 2 ovigerous females, (VIMS 08 JAM 1201 - 04), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of X. proxima. 60 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 5001 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of X. proxima. 47 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 7401,03,05 - 07), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of X. proxima. 47 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 7501,07,08), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of Xestospongia subtriangularis. 58 non-ovigerous individuals, (VIMS 08 JAM 8406,07), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of X. proxima. MaxCL ovigerous female: 4.00 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 4.83 mm. Color. Pale milky in appearance, distal end of major chela pale gold / orange. Embryos and ovaries light green.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFE1152CACDAFC3BFAA4F8AF.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. In Jamaica, this species has only been collected from sponges of the genus Xestospongia, often found cohabitating with other members of the Synalpheus paraneptunus group (S. belizensis, S. bocas). Synalpheus duffyi in Jamaica exhibits a eusocial colony structure, being found in colonies consisting of one or two reproducing females and up to 61 non-ovigerous individuals.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFE1152CACDAFC3BFAA4F8AF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caribbean Panama (Anker and Tóth 2008); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFE1152CACDAFC3BFAA4F8AF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus duffyi is a member of the complex of morphologically similar species that includes S. paraneptunus, S. belizensis and S. bocas. Synalpheus duffyi can be distinguished from its two coexisting Jamaican relatives by the presence of a well-developed blade on the scaphocerite, and two teeth anterior to the moveable spine on the margin of the uropodal exopod. As mentioned by Anker and Tóth (2008), many individuals of this species had pieces of sponge in the mouthparts, evidence that they may actively feed upon the sponge. Finally, S. duffyi seemed to be the only heavily parasitized species collected in Jamaica: at least 10 % of non-ovigerous individuals harbored large, abdominal bopyrid isopods, which were rarely, if ever, found in individuals of other species. PLATE 3. A, Synalpheus corallinus non-ovigerous individual (08 JAM 7002) from Hyattella intestinalis, Dairy Bull Reef, Jamaica. B, Synalpheus duffyi ovigerous female (08 JAM 7403) from Xestospongia proxima, Rio Bueno, Jamaica. C, Synalpheus irie ovigerous female (08 JAM 3601) from Auletta cf. sycinularia, Dairy Bull Reef, Jamaica. D, Synalpheus irie non-ovigerous individual (08 JAM 3602) from Auletta cf. sycinularia, Dairy Bull Reef, Jamaica.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFE21522ACDAF8FBFC30FED0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: 50 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 0201 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Hyattella intestinalis. 50 non-ovigerous individuals, (VIMS 08 JAM 0701,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 42 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 0801,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 51 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 1601 - 03), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of H. intestinalis. 13 non-ovigerous individuals, (VIMS 08 JAM 2501,02), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of H. intestinalis. 53 non-ovigerous individuals, (VIMS 08 JAM 5501,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 51 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 5701 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.29 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 2.92 mm. Color. Pale orange; distal portion of major chela brighter; embryo and ovaries pale.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFE21522ACDAF8FBFC30FED0.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. In Jamaica, S. elizabethae has only been found in the canals of Hyattella intestinalis at a depth less than 6 m. In both Belize and Panama it was not found in H. intestinalis, and instead was found in members of the genus Lissodendoryx, and rarely Hymeniacidon caerulea. Like other members of the Synalpheus rathbunae group, it is eusocial, with colonies in Jamaica consisting of a single reproductive female and up to 51 non-ovigerous individuals.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFE21522ACDAF8FBFC30FED0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Caribbean Panama (as S. “ rathbunae A ”, Duffy 1996 c); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFE21522ACDAF8FBFC30FED0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus elizabethae is one of a complex of morphologically similar, eusocial species that includes S. rathbunae Coutière, S. regalis Duffy, and S. filidigitus Armstrong. The individuals found in Jamaica differ from S. elizabethae found elsewhere in lacking a secondary point emanating from the protuberance on the palm of the major chela (Fig. 10). Additionally, S. elizabethae from Jamaica are pale orange in color, rather than the bright orange characteristic of shrimp from other regions. In addition to the differences in color (less useful in Jamaican species), S. elizabethae can be distinguished from S. regalis by the acute ventral projection of the male abdominal pleura (Fig. 10).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEC1525ACDAFE6BFD4BFB49.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: non-ovigerous individual, CL: 4.88 mm, (USNM 1126365, original VIMS 08 JAM 3602), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), (18 ° 28.083 ΄ N, 77 ° 23.289 ΄ W), from canals of Auletta cf. sycinularia Schmidt. Allotype: ovigerous female, CL: 5.33 mm, (USNM 1126366, original VIMS 08 JAM 3601), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), from canals same of same individual Auletta cf. sycinularia as holotype. Paratypes: non-ovigerous individual, CL: 4.88 mm, ovigerous female, CL: 5.10 mm, (USNM 1126367, 1126368, original VIMS 08 JAM 2801 - 02), Dairy Bull Reef, Discovery Bay, (18 ° 28 ' 20.6 N, 77 ° 24 ' 36.4 W), from canals of Auletta cf. sycinularia. MaxCL ovigerous female: 5.33 mm. MaxCL nonovigerous individual: 4.88 mm.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEC1525ACDAFE6BFD4BFB49.taxon	description	Description. Body form subcylindrical; carapace smooth, sparsely setose, posterior margin with cardiac notch distinct. Rostrum shorter and narrower than ocular hoods (Fig. 11). Ocular hoods dorsally convex; in dorsal view, blunt, separated from rostrum by adrostral sinus. Stylocerite acute, with sharp tip; mesial and lateral margins concave; reaching almost to distal margin of first segment of antennular peduncle. First antennular segment without ventromesial tooth, and with two basal ventral processes. Basicerite with acute angle on dorsomesial corner, with longer ventrolateral spine; reaching midpoint of second segment of antennular peduncle, ~ 60 % length of scaphocerite. Scaphocerite blade narrow, slightly shorter than basicerite, acute lateral spine robust, with lateral margin concave; reaching beyond third segment of antennular peduncle. Third maxilliped (Fig. 13) with distal circlet of approximately six spines on distal segment, without ventrodistal spine on antepenultimate segment. Major first pereopod (Fig. 11, 12) massive, fingers clearly shorter than half length of palm; fixed finger ~ 75 % length of dactyl. Fingers strongly curved dorsally. Palm of chela almost twice as wide distally as at base. Superior margin of palm with distinct distal two-pronged protuberance consisting of an elongated sharp spine closer to fingers and a rounded prominence on outside (i. e. lateral to spine in life position of chela). Minor first pereopod (Fig. 13) with palm clearly less than two times longer than high; fingers clearly shorter than palm; dactyl with flexor margin concave, blade-like, with large, distinct second tooth basal and subequal in length to tip; extensor surface of dactyl with thick brush of curved setae; fixed finger with flexor margin straight, blade-like, with small but distinct tooth proximal to tip. Second pereopod (Fig. 14) with carpus 5 - segmented, subequal in length to merus. Both fingers terminating in a narrow, curved tooth. Third pereopod (Fig. 14) slender; dactyl biunguiculate, with flexor and extensor unguis subequal in thickness, mesial margin of flexor unguis strongly convex; propodus with row of six movable spines on flexor margin and one pair of distal movable spines flanking base of dactyl; carpus without distal movable spine on flexor margin; merus almost four times longer than wide, without movable spines on flexor margin. Fourth pereopod (Fig. 14) similar to third, carpus with distal movable spine on flexor margin. Fifth pereopod (Fig. 14) weaker than fourth; propodus with three spines on flexor margin, and six transverse combs of stout setae on ventral face; carpus without distal spine. First pleura (Fig. 13) of male with posterior corner distinctly produced ventrally into short, broad, anteriorly directed hook; second through fourth pleura of male slightly concave ventral margin, anterior corners rounded, posterior corners subacute. First pleopod (Fig. 15) of male with 2 terminal setae on endopod; second pleopod of male with marginal setae on exopod originating in distal third; appendix interna present on second to fifth male pleopods. Second pleopod (Fig. 12) of female with marginal setae on exopod originating in distal third; appendix interna present on second to fifth female pleopods. Telson (Fig. 13, 16) with convex marginal lobe present; posterior corners adjacent to spines obtuse. Space between distal spines 50 % of distal margin, lateral spines ~ 60 % length of mesial. Distal margin with fan of 8 plumose setae between spines. Distal margin ~ 40 % width of proximal margin. Dorsal spines strong, emanating from prominent longitudinal ridges (Fig. 13). Uropods (fig 13, 16) with a single fixed tooth on lateral margin of exopod distinctly removed anteriorly from the movable one, the latter extremely long, slender, and curved. Color. Nondescript, translucent with orange tinge to thickened parts of cuticle; distal 1 / 4 of palm and fingers of major chela bright orange with split white crescent spanning palm near fingers; ovaries and embryos green.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEC1525ACDAFE6BFD4BFB49.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We have named this species in honor of the nation in which it was found. The word “ irie ” is a Rastafari term referring to that which is good and peaceful.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEC1525ACDAFE6BFD4BFB49.taxon	description	Variation. Length of lateral distal spine of telson ranges from 25 % length of mesial spine to 75 % of mesial spine. Hosts and ecology. Both pairs of Synalpheus irie, n. sp. were collected from the canals of Auletta cf. sycinularia.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEC1525ACDAFE6BFD4BFB49.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEC1525ACDAFE6BFD4BFB49.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus irie, n. sp. is easily distinguishable from all other west Atlantic Synalpheus species by its distinctive major chela. The short fingers that curve dorsally almost into a bowl-shape, and the twopronged distal superior marginal protuberance are both unique within the genus in this region. The distinctive curved movable spine on the outer uropod is similar to that found in other Synalpheus species, but appears to be unique among members of the S. gambarelloides group. However, the presence of a thick brush of setae on the minor chela dactyl, as well as the triangular shape of the telson, firmly places S. irie within the S. gambarelloides group. With its curved major chela fingers, fan of setae on the distal margin of the telson, and antennal characters, this new species most closely resembles Synalpheus mcclendoni, but it is easily distinguished by the characters listed previously.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEB151AACDAFAE2FB82FD21.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 2702,03), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of unidentified white tube sponge. Non-ovigerous individual, (VIMS 08 JAM 4101), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes. 5 non-ovigerous individual, 3 ovigerous females, (VIMS 08 JAM 6101,07,22,24,28), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. Non-ovigerous individual, (VIMS 08 JAM 8201), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 6 nonovigerous individuals, ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 8802,03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Spheciospongia vesparium Lamarck. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.09 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.91 mm. Color. The specimens of S. mcclendoni found in Jamaica differed greatly in color, with three main variations: 1) translucent body, distal portion of major chela brownish, with pale brown ovaries and embryos; 2) translucent body, distal portion of major chela orange, with olive embryos and ovaries; and 3), translucent body, distal portion of major chela bright orange / red, with white crescent following extensor margin of dactyl and another white crescent across palm near base of fingers, embryos and ovaries green / yellow (see Color plate 4 A, which shows the last of these morphs).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEB151AACDAFAE2FB82FD21.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus mcclendoni was found inhabiting several species of sponges in Jamaica: Agelas cf. clathrodes, Auletta cf. sycinularia, and Spheciospongia vesparium. It is typically found as heterosexual pairs, or in small groups with equal sex ratios.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEB151AACDAFAE2FB82FD21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Florida, USA (Coutière 1910); Bahamas (Dardeau 1984); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias and García Raso 1999); St. Lucia, Tobago Cays, Yucatan Mexico (Chace 1972); Caribbean Panama (Duffy 1992); Belize (as “ S. rathbunae A ”, Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFEB151AACDAFAE2FB82FD21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The individuals examined here are morphologically very similar, yet they may represent more than one species based on body color and pattern, and embryo / ovary color. While individuals from A. cf. sycinularia had a brownish major chela and pale embryos, color does not otherwise seem to correlate with host, with some shrimp from A. cf. clathrodes having orange chela and olive ovaries and embryos, while other individuals from the same host species displayed the bright orange major chela with white crescent and green / yellow embryos. However, individual sponges never contained mixed populations; all S. mcclendoni in a particular sponge shared the same color pattern. The bright orange / white crescent color pattern on the major chela was found in individuals from both S. vesparium and A. cf. clathrodes.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD4151AACDAFD7AFAF6F9BD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: 9 non-ovigerous individuals, 7 ovigerous females, (VIMS 08 JAM 5901 - 15), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Lissodendoryx sp. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female, (VIMS 08 JAM 9001,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Lissodendoryx sp. MaxCL ovigerous female: 6.75 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 6.08 mm. Color. Faint orange, often with a pale reddish tinge; distal portion of major chela brilliant orange; embryos and ovaries either green or bright orange.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD4151AACDAFD7AFAF6F9BD.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus pandionis was only found in two specimens of a free-standing, very softbodied sponge within the genus Lissodendoryx. In Belize, it was found most frequently in Lissodendoryx cf. strongylata van Soest, and was typically found as a single pair of shrimp.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD4151AACDAFD7AFAF6F9BD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bahamas (Lemaitre 1984); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias and García Raso 1999); Virgin Islands (Coutière 1909; Chace 1972); Gulf of Mexico (Dardeau, 1984); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Discovery Bay, Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD4151AACDAFD7AFAF6F9BD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus pandionis is one of a complex of morphologically similar species that includes Synalpheus ul Ríos and Duffy, Synalpheus dardeaui Ríos and Duffy and Synalpheus yano Ríos and Duffy. Specimens of S. pandionis from Jamaica superficially resemble S. dardeaui, another large orange species that commonly occurs in Lissodendoryx colombiensis in Belize. However, all individuals collected in Jamaica possessed square ocular hoods, unequal sized distal fingers on the minor first chela, and uropod characteristics typical of S. pandionis (see Ríos and Duffy 2007 for more details). While embryo and ovary color varied among females, this variation did not seem to consistently coincide with other morphological differences.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD41518ACDAF9D1FCDAF8E0.taxon	description	Color. Translucent; distal portion of major chela brownish. Hosts and ecology. This single specimen of Synalpheus pectiniger was found in S. vesparium, in which it seems to be a strict host specialist throughout its range.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD41518ACDAF9D1FCDAF8E0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Florida, USA (Coutière 1909; Duffy 1993); Bahamas (Coutière 1909; Lemaitre 1984); Cuba (Martínez Iglesias and García Raso 1999); Virgin Islands (Coutière 1909; Chace 1972); Gulf of Mexico (Coutière 1909; Wass 1955; Tabb and Manning 1961; Rouse 1970; Lyons et al. 1971; Menzel 1971; Dardeau 1984; Erdmann and Blake 1987); Yucatan Mexico (Chace 1972); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Caribbean Panama (Duffy 1992); Windward Island (Chace 1972); Netherlands Antilles (Coutíere 1909; Westinga and Hoetjes 1981); Discovery Bay, Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD41518ACDAF9D1FCDAF8E0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is readily identifiable due to its distinctive tridentate minor chela dactyl and extremely short major chela fixed finger. PLATE 4. A, Synalpheus mcclendoni ovigerous female (08 JAM 6101) from Agelas cf. clathrodes, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. B, Synalpheus mcclendoni non-ovigerous individual (08 JAM 8201) from Agelas cf. clathrodes, Rio Bueno, Jamaica. C, Synalpheus pandionis ovigerous female (08 JAM 6901) from Lissodendoryx sp., Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. D, Synalpheus pandionis ovigerous female (08 JAM 6903) from Lissodendoryx sp., Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD41518ACDAF9D1FCDAF8E0.taxon	description	PLATE 5. A, Synalpheus pandionis non-ovigerous individual (08 JAM 6908) from Lissodendoryx sp., Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. B, Synalpheus regalis ovigerous female (08 JAM 3303) from Hyattella intestinalis, fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. C, Synalpheus thele ovigerous female (08 JAM 6108) from Agelas cf. clathrodes, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. D, Synalpheus thele non-ovigerous individual (08 JAM 6121) from Agelas cf. clathrodes, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD71513ACDAFF31FAD9FEEF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: Holotype: non-ovigerous individual, CL: 2.55 mm, (USNM 1126369, original VIMS 08 JAM 2706), Dairy Bull Reef, (18 ° 28.083 ΄ N, 77 ° 23.289 ΄ W), from canals of Auletta cf. sycinularia. Allotype: ovigerous female, CL: 2.62 mm, (USNM 1126370, original VIMS 08 JAM 2704), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals same of same individual Auletta cf. sycinularia as holotype. Paratypes: non-ovigerous individual, CL: 2.59 mm, ovigerous female, CL: 2.47 mm, (USNM 1126371,1126372, original VIMS 08 JAM 2705,07), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals same of same individual Auletta cf. sycinularia as holotype. MaxCL ovigerous female: 2.62 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 2.55 mm.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD71513ACDAFF31FAD9FEEF.taxon	description	Description. Body form subcylindrical; carapace smooth, sparsely setose, posterior margin with cardiac notch distinct. Rostrum longer than ocular hood (Fig. 17, 18), distinctly narrower, distally upturned; margins in dorsal view, slightly concave. Ocular hoods dorsally convex; in dorsal view, blunt, separated from rostrum by deep adrostral sinus. Stylocerite acute, with blunt tip; mesial margin concave; reaching beyond midpoint of first segment of antennular peduncle. First antennular segment without ventromesial tooth, and with two basal ventral processes. Basicerite without tooth on dorsomesial corner, with longer ventrolateral spine, reaching distal end of third segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite without blade, acute lateral spine robust, with lateral margin slightly concave, slightly shorter than basicerite spine, reaching almost to distal end of third segment of antennular peduncle. Third maxilliped with distal circlet of approximately six spines on distal segment, without ventrodistal spine on antepenultimate segment. Major first pereopod (Fig. 17, 18) massive, fingers clearly shorter than half length of palm; fixed finger slightly shorter than dactyl. Palm of chela with tapering acute distal protuberance on superior margin, directed slightly downward, towards dactyl. Minor first pereopod (Fig. 19) with palm clearly less than two times longer than high; fingers clearly shorter than palm; dactyl with flexor margin concave, blade-like, with small but distinct second tooth basal to strongly curved tip; extensor surface of dactyl with thick brush of curved, plumose setae; fixed finger with flexor margin straight, blade-like, and small but distinct second tooth basal to strongly curved tip. Second pereopod (Fig. 20) with carpus 5 - segmented, subequal in length to merus. Both fingers terminating in a narrow, curved tooth. Third pereopod (Fig. 20) slender; dactyl biunguiculate, with flexor unguis subequal in thickness to extensor, mesial margin of flexor unguis strongly convex; propodus with row of six movable spines on flexor margin and one pair of distal movable spines flanking base of dactyl; carpus with distal movable spine on flexor margin; merus 3 ½ times longer than wide, without movable spines on flexor margin. Fourth pereopod (Fig. 20) similar to third, weaker, propodus with five spines on flexor margin. Fifth pereopod (Fig. 20) weaker than fourth; propodus with only four spines on flexor margin, and four transverse combs of stout setae on ventral face; carpus without distal spine. First pleura (Fig. 17) of male with posterior corner distinctly produced ventrally into short, blunt, downward directed point; second pleura of male broadly rounded. Third to fifth pleura of male with straight ventral margin, rounded anterior corner and subacute posterior corner. First pleopod (Fig. 21) of male with 2 terminal setae on endopod; second pleopod of male with marginal setae on exopod originating in distal one-half; appendix interna present on second to fifth male pleopods. Second pleopod (Fig. 21) of female with marginal setae on exopod originating in distal one-half; appendix interna present on second to fifth female pleopods. Telson (Fig. 17, 18) with convex lobe on distal margin; posterior corners adjacent to spines obtuse. Space between distal spines 25 % of distal margin, lateral spines ~ 70 % length of mesial. Distal margin ~ 30 % width of proximal margin. Uropods (Fig. 17) with a single fixed tooth on lateral margin of exopod distinctly removed anteriorly from the movable spine, the latter longer and thicker than adjacent posterior fixed tooth. Colot in life. Nondescript, translucent with dull gold tinge to thickened parts of cuticle; distal palm and fingers of major chela orange; ovaries and embryos drab green.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD71513ACDAFF31FAD9FEEF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We have named this species for its distinguishing characteristic: the plumose setae making up the setal brush on the minor chela.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD71513ACDAFF31FAD9FEEF.taxon	description	Variation. There is variation in the relative lengths of the scaphocerite and basicerite among the four specimens examined. In the holotype and allotype (USNM 1126369,70), the scaphocerite is longer than the basicerite, while in the two paratypes (USNM 1126371,72), the scaphocerite is shorter. Hosts and ecology. All four individuals were collected from the canals of Auletta cf. sycinularia (Plate 7 B). This sponge appears to be the same species from which all samples of Synalpheus irie, n. sp. were also collected.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD71513ACDAFF31FAD9FEEF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFD71513ACDAFF31FAD9FEEF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus plumosetosus n. sp. appears to be another member of the complex of morphologically similar species that includes S. brooksi, S. bousfieldi, S. chacei, S. corallinus n. sp. and S. thele n. sp. (see Table 3). Synalpheus plumosetosus can be easily distinguished from all of these by the setal brush on the dactyl of its minor chela, which consists of plumose setae rather than the simple setae found in all other examined Synalpheus species. In most other characters, S. plumosetosus resembles S. bousfieldi.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDD1513ACDAFE00FB60F88E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: 96 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 3303 - 05), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of Hyattella intestinalis. 56 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 4201 - 03), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 59 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 4901 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 82 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 5101 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 7 nonovigerous individuals (VIMS 08 JAM 5201), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 24 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 5401,02,04), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 59 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 6001 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 66 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 6201 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 265 nonovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 6301 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 202 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 6401 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 6 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08 JAM 7601), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of H. intestinalis. 23 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08 JAM 7901), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of H. intestinalis. 25 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 8601 - 03), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of H. intestinalis. 265 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 9101 - 03), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 29 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08 JAM 9201,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 88 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08 JAM 9301,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 31 non-ovigerous individuals, 1 ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 9401,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 10 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08 JAM 9501), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. 18 non-ovigerous individuals (VIMS 08 JAM 9601,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. MaxCL ovigerous female: 4.14 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.17 mm. Color. Translucent orange; distal portion of major chela brighter orange; embryos and ovaries pale green.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDD1513ACDAFE00FB60F88E.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. In Jamaica, we have found S. regalis exclusively in Hyattella intestinalis, typically at depths exceeding 6 m. In Belize, the only other known locality of S. regalis, they are commonly found in Xestospongia spp. in addition to H. intestinalis.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDD1513ACDAFE00FB60F88E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Duffy 1996 a, d, Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDD1513ACDAFE00FB60F88E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus regalis is distinguishable from its close relative, S. elizabethae, by the possession in non-ovigerous colony members of abdominal pleura (pleura 3 – 5) that are rounded ventrally versus the ventrally pointed pleura possessed by S. elizabethae (Fig. 10). Similarly to the S. elizabethae found here, S. regalis individuals in Jamaica lack a secondary spine on the major chela protuberance (Fig. 10).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDD1510ACDAF820FD89FCE0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 0101,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Hyattella intestinalis. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 0704,05), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of H. intestinalis. Nonovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 1901), Pear Tree Bottom Reef, from canals of H. intestinalis. Nonovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 4301), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of unidentified white tube sponge. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.93 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.24 mm. Color. Faint to bright orange; distal portion of major chela more intensely orange; ovaries and embryos green.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDD1510ACDAF820FD89FCE0.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. In Jamaica, we found pairs of S. sanctithomae most commonly inhabiting Hyattella intestinalis, but one individual was also discovered in an unidentified, white tube sponge. In other regions, S. sanctithomae is commonly found in Hymeniacidon caerulea, H. intestinalis and Agelas cf. clathrodes.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDD1510ACDAF820FD89FCE0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Florida, USA (Gore 1981); Virgin Islands (Coutière 1909); Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Brazil (Christoffersen 1979); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDD1510ACDAF820FD89FCE0.taxon	discussion	REMARKS: Synalpheus sanctithomae is easily distinguishable from its morphologically closest relative (Synalpheus mcclendoni) by the uncurved, short fingers of the major chela, and by the lack of the fan of 10 or more setae emanating from the distal margin of the telson in the latter species. It is distinguishable from S. irie n. sp. by the lack of the distal setal fan on the telson, and the different shape of both the fingers and the protuberance of the major chela.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDE150BACDAFC3BFBE2FB65.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: Holotype: non-ovigerous individual, CL: 2.93 mm, (USNM 1126373, original VIMS 08 JAM 891402), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, (18 ° 27.955 ' N, 77 ° 24.843 ' W), from canals of Agelas cf. clathrodes Schmidt, 1870. Allotype: ovigerous female, CL: 3.32 mm, (USNM 1126374, original VIMS 08 JAM 891401), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of same individual A. cf. clathrodes as holotype. Paratypes: 17 non-ovigerous individuals, CL: 2.07 - 3.13 mm, 16 ovigerous females, CL: 3.01 - 3.61, (USNM 1126375, 1126376, 1126377, 1126378, 1126379, 1126380, 1126381, 1126382, 1126383, original VIMS 08 JAM 89 - 0101, - 0601, - 20, - 21, - 1004, - 1005, - 1006, - 1007, - 1008; VIMS 08 JAM 89 - 06, - 08, - 1002, - 1003, - 13, - 14, - 22, - 23, - 24), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of same individual A. cf. clathrodes as holotype. Non-types: non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 4104,05), fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 12 non-ovigerous individuals, 8 ovigerous females (original VIMS 08 JAM 6103,08,11,15 – 21,26,27,30), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. 5 non-ovigerous individuals, 6 ovigerous females (VIMS 08 JAM 7801 - 08), wall off Rio Bueno, from canals of A. cf. clathrodes. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.61 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.13 mm.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDE150BACDAFC3BFBE2FB65.taxon	description	Description. Body form subcylindrical; carapace smooth, posterior margin with cardiac notch distinct. Frontal margin shallow, rostrum slightly longer than ocular hood (Fig. 22, 23), distinctly narrower, distally upturned; margins in dorsal view, straight. Ocular hoods dorsally convex; in dorsal view, blunt, separated from rostrum by adrostral sinus. Stylocerite acute, with blunt tip; mesial margin straight; reaching midpoint of first segment of antennular peduncle. Basicerite without tooth on dorsomesial corner, with longer ventrolateral spine, reaching just beyond second segment of antennular peduncle, length ~ 85 % of scaphocerite. Scaphocerite blade absent, acute lateral spine robust, with lateral and mesial margins slightly concave, reaching to midpoint of third segment of antennular peduncle. Third maxilliped (Fig. 24) with distal circlet of approximately six spines on distal segment, without ventrodistal spine on antepenultimate segment. Major first pereopod (Fig. 22, 23) massive, fingers clearly shorter than half length of palm; fixed finger slightly shorter than dactyl. Palm of chela with distinct blunt distal superior margin protuberance. Protuberance with hint of secondary tubercle emerging distally (Fig. 23). Minor first pereopod (Fig. 25) with palm clearly less than two times longer than high; fingers shorter than palm; dactyl with flexor margin concave, blade-like, with 2 distinct distal teeth, subequal in length; extensor surface of dactyl with two closely set longitudinal rows of curved setae (Fig. 25); fixed finger with flexor margin concave, blade-like, and 2 distinct distal teeth subequal in length, both longer than dactyl distal teeth. Second pereopod (Fig. 24) with carpus 5 - segmented, subequal in length to merus. Both fingers terminating in a narrow, curved tooth. Third pereopod (Fig. 24) slender; dactyl biunguiculate, with both ungues subequal in thickness, mesial margin of flexor unguis straight; propodus with row of eight movable spines on flexor margin and one pair of distal movable spines flanking base of dactyl; carpus with distal movable spine on flexor margin; merus four times longer than wide, without movable spines on flexor margin. Fourth pereopod (Fig. 24) similar to third, slightly weaker; propodus with seven flexor margin spines. Fifth pereopod (Fig. 24) weaker than fourth; propodus with four spines on flexor margin, and six transverse combs of stout setae on ventral face; carpus without distal spine. First pleura (Fig. 23) of male with posterior corner distinctly produced ventrally into small hook; second to fifth pleura of male ventral margin straight, anterior corner rounded, posterior corner subacute. First pleopod (Fig. 25) of male with three terminal setae on endopod; second pleopod of male with marginal setae on exopod originating in distal half; appendix interna present on second to fifth male pleopods. Second pleopod (Fig. 25) of female with marginal setae on exopod originating in distal third; appendix interna present on second to fifth female pleopods. Telson (Fig. 21) with convex lobe present on distal margin; posterior corners adjacent to terminal spines obtuse. Dorsal spines, anterior pair close to lateral margin, posterior pair further removed. Posterior margin with six setae between two sets of spines, lateral spines 70 % length of inner spines. Space between distal spines <30 % of distal margin; distal margin ~ 25 % width of proximal margin. Uropods with a single fixed tooth on lateral margin of exopod distinctly removed anteriorly from movable spine, the latter slightly longer and more slender than adjacent posterior fixed tooth. Color in life. Nondescript, translucent with dull gold tinge to thickened parts of cuticle; distal palm and fingers of major chela gold / orange; ovaries and embryos grass green.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDE150BACDAFC3BFBE2FB65.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We have named this new species using the Greek word for teat or nipple, after the shape of the protuberance of the major chela, the most distinguishing feature of S. thele (see Fig 23 C).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDE150BACDAFC3BFBE2FB65.taxon	description	Variation. While a vast majority (28 of 31 examined here) of females examined had green embryos and ovaries (Color plate 5 C), three individuals had embryos of a different color. One (08 JAM 8913) had embryos the color of burnt sienna, the second individual (08 JAM 8912) had olive embryos, and the third female (08 JAM 4105) carried pale, whitish embryos. The shape of the frontal margin is also variable: not only does the depth of the adrostral sinuses vary among individuals, the length of the rostrum also varies, from subequal to the ocular hoods to almost 2 x the length of the ocular hoods (fig 27). Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus thele, n. sp. has been found only in the canals of the common Caribbean sponge Agelas cf. clathrodes. It was found in approximately equal sex ratios, with individual sponges containing from a single pair up to 33 shrimp. Most S. thele found were coexisting in the host sponge with Synalpheus agelas, Synalpheus carpenteri, and sometimes Synalpheus mcclendoni Coutière, 1910.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDE150BACDAFC3BFBE2FB65.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFDE150BACDAFC3BFBE2FB65.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus thele n. sp. appears to be a member of the complex of closely related, morphologically similar species that includes S. brooksi, S. bousfieldi, S. chacei, S. corallinus n. sp., and S. plumosetosus n. sp. (see Table 3). Synalpheus thele most closely resembles S. chacei, sharing a shallow frontal margin, minor chela setal brush consisting of two parallel rows of setae, and a blunt protuberance on the major chela. Synalpheus thele is distinct from S. chacei in the grass-green embryo color, larger size, and in its habit of living in equal sex ratios as opposed to eusocial colonies as in S. chacei (Duffy 1998), and from all other members of the group in the shape of the large blunt major chela protuberance.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC5150BACDAFAB9FCE8F864.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 0301), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 0803), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Hyattella intestinalis. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 3401), forereef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, from canals of H. caerulea. Non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 4801), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Lissodendoryx sp. Ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 6602), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of H. caerulea. MaxCL ovigerous female: 2.44 mm. MaxCL nonovigerous individual: 3.00 mm. Color. Translucent; distal portion of major chela bright orange; embryos and ovaries bright orange.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC5150BACDAFAB9FCE8F864.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. In Jamaica, S. ul was collected from a variety of sponge species, including Hymeniacidon caerulea, Hyattella intestinalis, and Lissodendoryx sp. This pattern of generalized host associations contrasts with that found in Belize, where it seems to be a specialist on H. caerulea.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC5150BACDAFAB9FCE8F864.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC5150BACDAFAB9FCE8F864.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus ul is another member of the morphologically similar complex of species that includes S. pandionis, S. dardeaui, and S. yano. Individuals of S. ul superficially resemble the related S. yano, but can be distinguished by the presence in S. ul of a scaphocerite blade (reduced but present in some individuals) and distal telson spines that are unequal in length.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC61508ACDAFF31FDCBFA7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: non-ovigerous individual (VIMS 08 JAM 6601), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea. Non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 6701,02), Dairy Bull Reef, from canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 2.95 mm. Color. Golden-brown; distal portion of major chela bright orange-red; ovaries and embryos green. Hosts and ecology. Synalpheus williamsi was only found in the midnight-blue sponge Hymeniacidon caerulea in Jamaica.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC61508ACDAFF31FDCBFA7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study). Remarks. As has been mentioned in accounts of S. williamsi from other regions (Ríos and Duffy 1999), individuals often have traces of dark blue in their gut, presumably from the pigment of their host sponge H. caerulea. PLATE 6. A, Synalpheus yano ovigerous female (08 JAM 4601) from Hymeniacidon caerulea, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. B, Synalpheus yano non-ovigerous individual (08 JAM 4602) from Hymeniacidon caerulea, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC6150EACDAF994FBB5FE85.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Jamaica: non-ovigerous individual, ovigerous female (VIMS 08 JAM 4801,02), Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, from canals of Hymeniacidon caerulea. MaxCL ovigerous female: 3.32 mm. MaxCL non-ovigerous individual: 3.75 mm. Color. Dull gold; darker in the distal portion of the major chela; embryos and ovaries brick red.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC6150EACDAF994FBB5FE85.taxon	description	Hosts and ecology. This pair was found in the midnight-blue sponge Hymeniacidon caerulea. In Belize, S. yano is most commonly found in Lissodendoryx colombiensis, but is also found in H. caerulea and Calyx podatypa de Laubenfels. PLATE 7. A, Pseudoceratina (Aiolochroia) crassa (08 JAM 32), including an unidentified soft, filmy grey-brown sponge lining the canals, fore-reef (near M 1 channel marker), Discovery Bay, Jamaica. B, Auletta cf. sycinularia (08 JAM 27), external view, Dairy Bull Reef, Jamaica. C, Same, interior view. D, Agelas cf. clathrodes (08 JAM 61), external view, Columbus Park, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. E, Same, interior view. F, Agelas cf. dispar (08 JAM 82), interior view, Rio Buenos, Jamaica.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC6150EACDAF994FBB5FE85.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize (Macdonald et al. 2006; Ríos and Duffy 2007); Jamaica (this study).	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
039187EBFFC6150EACDAF994FBB5FE85.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synalpheus yano is another member of the morphologically similar complex of species that includes S. pandionis, S. dardeaui, and S. ul. It can be distinguished by its complete lack of a blade on the scaphocerite, and by the equally sized spines of the distal margin of the telson.	en	Iii, Kenneth S Macdonald, Hultgren, Kristin, Duffy, Emmett (2009): The sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae, Synalpheus) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2199: 1-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189568
