identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039E87C8FFD7D725FF06FAF6DB08432D.text	039E87C8FFD7D725FF06FAF6DB08432D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptonevra diadema (Meigen) Meigen	<div><p>Cryptonevra diadema (Meigen)</p><p>One female specimen of Cryptonevra was collected in 2011 in an old field habitat in a suburban park (CANADA: Quebec: Pointe-Claire, Terra Cotta Natural Park, 45.4516° -73.8103°, 30.vi–07.vii.2011, C. Barrie, yellow pan, old field). Subsequent focused collecting with a sweep net in 2013 near a stand of P. australis at the same site yielded 14 more specimens (Pointe-Claire, Terra Cotta Natural Park, 45.4514°, -73.8099°, 11.vii.2013, C. Barrie, sweep, old field, 3 ♂, 11 ♀). Two female specimens were DNA barcoded (658 bp of the mitochondrial CO 1 gene) at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (University of Guelph, ON, Canada) (BOLD SampleID: CCDB-21329-B04, CCDB-21329-B05; boldsystems.org). All specimens collected in this study are deposited in the Lyman Entomological Museum, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada (LEM).</p><p>The specimens were identified as Cryptonevra diadema (Meigen) (Fig. 1) based on keys and illustrations in Ismay (1994) and Grochowska (2007). Cryptonevra diadema is a widespread Palearctic species whose larvae are associated with P. australis, as inquilines in Lipara galls (Ismay 1994, Grochowska 2007). Like Lipara and some species of Calamoncosis, Cryptonevra diadema was likely introduced to North America accidentally.</p><p>Cryptonevra diadema is one of the few Nearctic species of the chloropid subfamily Chloropinae with an entirely black thorax and abdomen. Most species of Epichlorops Becker, Cetema Hendel or Thaumatomyia Zenker with a completely black scutum have at least some yellow on the scutellum or thoracic pleurites. In Sabrosky’s (1987) key to Nearctic chloropid genera, C. diadema keys to couplet 55 ( Cetema and Epichlorops), although the scutum is not as distinctly tuberculate as in those two genera. Cryptonevra diadema can be accommodated in the Nearctic key to genera by the following modifications to couplet 54:</p><p>54. Scutum (except sometimes postpronotum and/or notopleuron) black, unstriped; scutal setulae arising from tubercles that are often star-shaped, or at least raised ............................................................................................................ 54a - Scutum usually with distinct black or reddish stripes; if uniformly black (rarely), then scutal setulae arising from fine, inconspicuous, piliferous punctures.................................................................................................................... 56 54a. Apex of first flagellomere angulate; frons black posteriorly, yellow at anterior margin, frontal triangle black, appearing shagreened in posterodorsal view; gena divided into microtomentose yellow upper portion and narrower, shining dark brown lower margin; scutal tubercles present but indistinct ................................................ Cryptonevra Meigen - Apex of first flagellomere rounded; frons yellow, contrasting with shining black frontal triangle; gena microtomentose, yellow; scutal tubercles distinctly star-shaped ................................................................................................... 55</p><p>Although C. diadema is the first described species of Cryptonevra recorded in North America, an unidentified Palearctic species of Cryptonevra is undergoing testing for possible release in the southern United States as a potential biological control agent for another invasive grass, giant reed ( Arundo donax L., Poaceae) (Dudley &amp; Lambert 2007, Goolsby et al. 2009) and adventive populations of Cryptonevra that may be conspecific with that species have been found in coastal southern California (Dudley &amp; Lambert 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87C8FFD7D725FF06FAF6DB08432D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Barrie, Christine L.;Wheeler, Terry A.	Barrie, Christine L., Wheeler, Terry A. (2015): Assembly of a Phragmites - associated Chloropidae (Diptera) fauna in North America: the Palearctic genus Cryptonevra Lioy in the Nearctic, and the genus Lipara Meigen in Canada. Zootaxa 4012 (1): 198-200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.12
039E87C8FFD6D726FF06F93BDC994068.text	039E87C8FFD6D726FF06F93BDC994068.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lipara Meigen	<div><p>Lipara Meigen</p><p>Two species of Lipara, each represented by a single female specimen, were collected at the Terra Cotta site in 2011. Lipara rufitarsis is widespread and abundant in the northeastern United States (Tewksbury et al. 2002) so its eventual establishment in adjacent regions of Canada was predictable. The Quebec specimen (CANADA: Quebec: Pointe-Claire, Terra Cotta Natural Park, 45.4516° -73.8103°, 15–21.vi.2011, C. Barrie, yellow pan trap, old field, 1 ♀, LEM) represents the first published Canadian record of the species and the genus.</p><p>Although Lipara lucens was the first species of Lipara collected in North America, in 1931 (Sabrosky 1958), it does not seem to have been recorded here since that first collection and Tewksbury et al. (2002) did not consider it established in North America. The single specimen of L. lucens collected in this study (CANADA: Quebec: Pointe-Claire, Terra Cotta Natural Park, 45.4516°, -73.8103°, 02–07.vi.2011, C. Barrie, yellow pan, old field, 1 ♀, LEM) provides evidence that L. lucens may have been introduced on multiple occasions and may be established in Canada.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E87C8FFD6D726FF06F93BDC994068	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Barrie, Christine L.;Wheeler, Terry A.	Barrie, Christine L., Wheeler, Terry A. (2015): Assembly of a Phragmites - associated Chloropidae (Diptera) fauna in North America: the Palearctic genus Cryptonevra Lioy in the Nearctic, and the genus Lipara Meigen in Canada. Zootaxa 4012 (1): 198-200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.12
