taxonID	type	description	language	source
039EAE52FFF7FFCDFEB0ECD8FA6AFDA2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Lepidocharax diamantina, by original designation.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF7FFCDFEB0ECD8FA6AFDA2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. According to our analysis, Lepidocharax can be phylogenetically diagnosed from the remaining Stevardiinae by the presence of the following autapomorphies supporting clade 4: 1) parhypural and hypural 1 either contacting each other leaving a narrow joint line between them or fused to each other (character 64, state 1), and 2) nasal tubular, without bone expansion (character 96, state 1). Both characters are, however, homoplastically shared among other Stevardiinae. Character 64 (state 1) also supports clades 10 and 13, and character 96 (state 1) supports clade 16. In addition, several distinguishing features are useful to diagnose Lepidocharax. It can be distinguished from all the other genera of the Stevardiinae except Planaltina, Pseudocorynopoma, and Xenurobrycon by having the dorsalfin origin on the same vertical crossing the anal-fin origin. The presence of adnate scales over the ventral caudal-fin lobe distinguishes Lepidocharax from Planaltina, Pseudocorynopoma, and Xenurobrycon which have a caudal organ or pouch bordered by modified scales or represented by a single modified pouch scale.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF7FFCDFEB0ECD8FA6AFDA2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Lepido, from the Greek, for scales and charax, from the Greek characo, meaning pointed stake, here used in reference to the characid genus Charax, hence a Characid fish. Lepidocharax is a name used in reference to the scales covering the ventral caudal-fin lobe. A noun in apposition.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF7FFCBFC13EF55FA7BFD22.taxon	description	Figs. 2 - 5	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF7FFCBFC13EF55FA7BFD22.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MNRJ 37509, 38.8 mm SL, male, Brazil, Bahia, Palmeiras, rio Santo Antônio, a tributary to rio Paraguaçu, approx. 12 º 31 ’ S 41 º 34 ’ W, 12 Mar 1999, A. Clistenes. Paratypes. MNRJ 21997, 55, 19.8 - 38.2 mm SL (20, 25.1 - 38.9 mm SL), (1 c & s, 34.7 mm SL), collected with holotype; MZUSP 106499, 9, 33.3 - 37.8 mm SL, Brazil, Bahia, Iraquara, rio Pratinha, at fazenda Pratinha, 12 º 21 ’ 13 ” S 41 º 32 ’ 51 ” W, 17 - 21 Dec 1998, P. Gerhard, F. C. T. Lima, F. Di Dário & L. S. Rocha.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF7FFCBFC13EF55FA7BFD22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lepidocharax diamantina can be distinguished from Lepidocharax burnsi by having the head less deep (16.7 - 18.8 vs. 18.7 - 25.0 % SL), by having more longitudinal scale rows between the lateral-line and the pelvic-fin origin (8 vs. 6 - 7); more lateral-line scales (47 - 56 [54] vs. 39 - 46 [41]); and less branched anal-fin rays (19 - 22 [22] vs. 21 - 26 [23]).	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF7FFCBFC13EF55FA7BFD22.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric and meristic data for holotype and paratypes presented in Table 1. Body laterally compressed, moderately elongate, largest specimen 38.8 mm SL. Greatest body depth situated at dorsalfin origin. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex from margin of upper lip to tip of supraoccipital spine; slightly convex from tip of supraoccipital spine to dorsal-fin origin; straight along dorsal-fin base; straight from posterior terminus of dorsal-fin base to adipose-fin insertion, and slightly concave from latter point to caudal-fin origin. Ventral profile of body convex from tip of lower jaw to anal-fin insertion and slightly concave ventral to caudal peduncle; anal-fin base straight. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 8 * (25) or 9 (4). Length of first unbranched dorsal-fin ray less than one-half length of second unbranched ray. Adipose fin present, its origin located vertically above bases of last three anal-fin rays. Pectoral-fin rays i, 9 * (18) or 10 (11), i. Pelvic-fin rays i, 5, i * (29). Anal fin with four unbranched rays followed by 19 (1), 20 (10), 21 (6) * or 22 (12) branched rays. Sexually mature males with hooks on anal-and pelvic-fin rays. Anal-fin hooks very small and located on segments from largest unbranched to 10 th branched ray (Fig. 3). Usually, 10 - 13 hooks per ray. Pelvic-fin hooks also numerous and small, and present on segments of all branched rays. Caudal-fin forked; lobes similar in size. Principal caudal-fin rays i, 17, i * (29). Premaxilla extending slightly anterior of vertical through tip of dentary. Premaxilla with two rows of teeth (Fig. 4). Outer tooth row aligned in gentle arch, with 3 (3), 4 * (24) or 5 (2) tricuspid teeth, with median cusps largest. Inner premaxillary tooth row with 4 (21) or 5 * (8) teeth. Symphyseal tooth in row with four cusps and remaining teeth with five cusps. Maxilla with 2 * (3), 3 (21) or 4 (3) tricuspid teeth with median cusps slightly more developed. Dentary with four large anterior teeth with five cusps followed by smaller teeth with three to five cusps. Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete, with 48 (1), 49 (2), 50 (2), 51 (2), 52 (4), 53 (4), 54 * (6), 55 (3), or 56 (3) perforated scales. Eight longitudinal rows of scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line, 4 * (17) or 5 (12) between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin. Predorsal scales 19 (4), 20 * (8), 21 (8), or 22 (8). Circumpeduncular scales 15 - 21. Single row of five to seven scales extending along anal-fin base. Basal portion of both caudal-fin lobes covered by medium size scales, about same size as those present on caudal peduncle (Fig. 5). First gill arch with 10 (3), 11 (15), or 12 * (8) gill rakers on hypobranchial and ceratobranchial, 6 (23) or 7 * (6) rakers on epibranchial and 1 * (23) raker on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial. Color in alcohol. Head and body of specimens retaining guanine on scales, therefore somewhat silvery. Overall ground coloration yellowish tan. Dorsal surface of head and lips with dense concentration of dark chromatophores. Scattered dark chromatophores covering only upper region of opercle, in fourth to sixth infraorbitals. Dark chromatophores concentrated on predorsal scales. Concentration of chromatophores decreasing progressively from middorsal region to lateral line, where limited to edges of scales. Chromatophores absent in scales of abdominal region below lateral line. Chromatophores present between lateral line and anal fin. Midlateral stripe on body extending from behind upper part of opercle to caudal peduncle. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins hyaline, with scattered dark chromatophores outlining rays and forming straight lines. Dark chromatophores concentrated along distal borders of interradial membranes of anal-fin base. Adipose fin pale, with small, dark chromatophores concentrated on posterior base of fin.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF7FFCBFC13EF55FA7BFD22.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Lepidocharax diamantina is known from the rio Paraguaçu basin, an independent costal river system in Bahia State, northeastern Brazil (Fig. 6).	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF7FFCBFC13EF55FA7BFD22.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the Chapada Diamantina, the region where the species is found. Iraquara and Palmeiras where Lepidocharax diamantina was sampled are two of the 24 villages located in Chapada Diamantina. A noun in apposition.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF0FFC8FE8CEFBAFE2FFC82.taxon	description	Fig. 7	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF0FFC8FE8CEFBAFE2FFC82.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MCP 45718, 34.4 mm SL, female, Brazil, Brumadinho, rio Paraopeba, São Francisco basin, approx. 20 º 09 ’ S 44 º 10 ” W, Apr 1997, V. Vono & C. B. M. Alves. Paratypes. All from Brazil, Minas Gerais, São Francisco basin: CPUFMT 31, 16, 19.2 - 25.9 mm SL (2, 19.1 - 26.8 mm SL), Riachinho, rio Urucuia, córrego Santa Cruz, 16 º 27 ’ 16 ” S 45 º 47 ’ 22 ” W, 10 Apr 2009, A. C. Ribeiro. LIRP 2069, 16, 26.8 - 33.8 (6, 30.1 - 33.8 mm SL), Presidente Olegário, upper rio da Prata, córrego São João, fazenda Devaneio, 18 º 23 ” S 46 º 16 ” W, 14 Oct 2000, A. C. Ribeiro. LIRP 4160, 147, 19.2 - 33.3 mm SL (17, 26.3 - 33.5 mm SL), Felixlândia, córrego do Brito, 27 Jan 2002, A. Melo. MCP 27824, 1, 30.2 mm SL, Paracatu, 17 º 18 ’ 15 ” S 46 º 46 ’ 16 ” W, 24 Jan 2001, C. Lucena, J. Silva, E. Pereira & A. Cardoso. MCP 27829, 128, 20.2 - 32.2 mm SL (17, 22.6 - 32.2 mm SL), Guarda-Mor, rio Piratininga, 17 º 56 ’ 39 ” S 46 º 58 ’ 08 ” W, 25 Jan 2001, C. Lucena, J. Silva, E. Pereira & A. Cardoso. MCP 31798, 1, 29.7 mm SL, collected with holotype; MCP 34684, 2, 26.0 - 28.3 mm SL, córrego São Miguel, 20 º 12 ’ 00 ” S 45 º 39 ’ 09 ” W, 26 Sep 2003, B. P. Nogueira. MCP 34828, 24, 21.4 - 32.4 mm SL (15, 22.6 - 32.5 mm SL), Guarda-Mor, córrego Macaúba, 17 º 58 ’ 57 ” S 47 º 06 ’ 41 ” W, 24 Jan 2001, C. Lucena, J. Silva, E. Pereira & A. Cardoso; MZUSP 39190, 31, 19.3 - 29.3 mm SL (2, 28.5 - 29.3 mm SL), córrego Gameleira, 27 Nov 1987, Y. Sato, UHE Formoso project. MZUSP 39651, 4, 32.3 - 39.9 mm SL (3, 35.7 - 39.9 mm SL), rio Abaeté, córrego Chumbo, 18 Mar 1988, Y. Sato, UHE Formoso project. Non-type specimens. MCP 27915, 36, 20.2 - 32.8 mm SL (16, 22.6 - 31.9 mm SL), rio Vermelho, rio Doce basin, 18 º 17 ’ S 43 º 01 ’ W, 5 Oct 1996, H. G. Evers.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF0FFC8FE8CEFBAFE2FFC82.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lepidocharax burnsi can be distinguished from L. diamantina by its deeper head (18.7 - 25.0 vs. 16.7 - 18.8 % SL); by possessing fewer longitudinal scale rows between the lateral-line and the pelvic-fin origin (6 - 7 vs. 8); fewer lateralline scales (39 - 46 [41] vs. 47 - 56 [54]); and more branched analfin rays (21 - 26 [23] vs. 19 - 22 [22]).	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF0FFC8FE8CEFBAFE2FFC82.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric and meristic data for holotype and paratypes presented in Table 2. Body laterally compressed, moderately elongate, largest specimen 38.8 mm SL. Greatest body depth situated at dorsalfin origin. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex from margin of upper lip to tip of supraoccipital spine; slightly convex from tip of supraoccipital spine to dorsal-fin origin; straight along dorsal-fin base; straight from posterior terminus of dorsal-fin base to adipose-fin insertion, and slightly concave from latter point to caudal-fin origin. Ventral profile of body convex from tip of lower jaw to anal-fin insertion and slightly concave ventral to caudal peduncle; anal-fin base straight. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 7 (1) or 8 * (51). Length of first unbranched dorsal-fin ray less than one-half length of second unbranched ray. Adipose fin present. Length of adipose fin base in a vertical above bases of last three anal-fin rays. Pectoral-fin rays i, 8 (4), 9 * (44) or 10 (3), i. Pelvic fin rays i, 5, i * (52). Anal fin with four unbranched rays followed by 21 (2), 22 (8), 23 * (17), 24 (16), 25 (5), or 26 (2) branched rays. Sexually mature males with hooks on anal-and pelvic-fin rays. On anal-fin, hooks are very small and located on segments from largest unbranched ray until de 10 - 13 th branched ray (Fig. 8). Usually, there are three hooks per ray. On pelvic-fin, hooks also are numerous and small, and present on segments of all branched rays. Caudal-fin forked; lobes similar in size. Principal caudal-fin rays i, 17, i * (52). Premaxilla extending slightly anterior of vertical through tip of dentary. Premaxilla with two rows of teeth (Fig. 9). Outer tooth row aligned in gentle arch, with 3 (2) or 4 * (48) tricuspid teeth, with median cusps largest. Inner premaxillary tooth row with 4 (34) or 5 * (14) teeth. Symphyseal tooth in row with four cusps and remaining teeth with five cusps. Maxilla with 2 * (40), 3 (9) or 4 (2) tricuspid teeth with median cusps slightly more developed. Dentary with four large anterior teeth with five cusps followed by smaller teeth with three to five cusps. Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete, with 39 (1), 40 (13), 41 * (16), 42 (12), 43 (4), 44 (3), 45 (1), or 46 (1) perforated scales. Six * (43), or 7 (8) longitudinal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line four * (27) or 5 (24) between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin. Predorsal scales 14 (1), 15 (7), 16 * (18), 17 (18), 18 (6), or 19 (1). Circumpeduncular longitudinal scale rows 14 - 18. Single row of seven to ten scales extending along base of anal fin. Basal portion of both caudal-fin lobes covered with medium size scales, about as large as scales on caudal peduncle (Fig. 10). First gill arch with 9 (2), 10 (28), or 11 * (21) gill rakers on hypobranchial and ceratobranchial, 5 (8) *, 6 (41), or 7 (2), rakers on epibranchial and 1 raker on cartilage between ceratobranchial and epibranchial. Color in alcohol. Head and body of specimens retaining guanine on scales, therefore somewhat silvery. Overall ground coloration yellowish tan. Dorsal surface of head and lips with dense concentration of dark chromatophores. Scattered dark chromatophores covering only upper region of opercle. Dark chromatophores concentrated on predorsal scales. Concentration of chromatophores decreasing progressively from middorsal region to lateral line, where limited to edges of scales. Chromatophores absent on scales of abdominal region below lateral line. Chromatophores present between lateral line and anal fin. Midlateral stripe on body extending from behind upper part of opercle to caudal peduncle. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins hyaline, with scattered dark chromatophores outlining rays and forming straight lines. Dark chromatophores concentrated along distal borders of interradial membranes of anal fin base. Adipose fin clear, with small, dark chromatophores concentrated on posterior base of fin.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF0FFC8FE8CEFBAFE2FFC82.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species was collected from tributaries of the upper rio São Francisco and rio Doce basins (Fig. 6).	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF0FFC8FE8CEFBAFE2FFC82.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Lepidocharax burnsi is named in honor of John R. Burns for his outstanding contribution to the knowledge of histology of small inseminating characids.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF0FFC8FE8CEFBAFE2FFC82.taxon	description	Sexual dimorphism. Sexually mature males of the two new species have hooks on anal-and pelvic-fin rays, and proportionally longer pectoral and pelvic-fins, the tip of the former reaching pelvic-fin origin, and the tip of the latter reaching anal-fin origin.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
039EAE52FFF0FFC8FE8CEFBAFE2FFC82.taxon	discussion	Histological analysis. The two new species have spermatozoa with ovoid nuclei, and packs of spermatozoa were observed within the ovaries of females (Fig. 11). Sexually mature males of both new species also have gill glands, consisting of modifications the first gill arches and the development of five gill filaments and four chambers.	en	Ferreira, Katiane M., Menezes, Naércio A., Quagio-Grassioto, Irani (2011): A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data. Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 281-298, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200005&lng=en&tlng=en
