identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039EC10C5B02FFF1FCD0D7F5FBFAF8F2.text	039EC10C5B02FFF1FCD0D7F5FBFAF8F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Site	<div><p>Site of infection: Spiral intestine.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype MACN-Pa No. 734 (whole mature worm), 28 paratypes MACN-Pa No. 735/1–5, 736/1–23 (25 whole mature worms, and histological sections of 1 mature proglottid and 2 scoleces).</p> <p>Prevalence of infection: 40% (2 hosts infected out of 5 examined).</p> <p>Etymology: This species is named after Cristina E. Fernandez de Kirchner, former president and current vice president of Argentina, for promoting scientific and technological development as a key step towards the construction of a free and sovereign country.</p> <p>3.1.3. Remarks</p> <p>The morphology of the specimens collected from B. cousseauae is consistent with the diagnosis of the genus Echeneibothrium in a highly developed retractile apical myzorhynchus in the adult scolex and four stalked facially loculated bothridia (Euzet 1994). Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. is most similar to a single species of Echeneibothrium, E. pollonae, from which differs by having longer bothridial stalks (220–400 vs. 150), a cirrus sac mostly occupying the lateral half of the proglottid rather than the middle region of the proglottid, a vas deferens not reaching the ovary, and vitelline follicles extending posterior to the ovary.</p> <p>The new species can be distinguished from each of its 23 remaining congeners based on unique combinations of characters. Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. is shorter than Echeneibothrium beauchampi Euzet, 1959, Echeneibothrium dubium van Beneden, 1861, Echeneibothrium fallax (van Beneden, 1871), Echeneibothrium julievansium Woodland, 1927, Echeneibothrium macrascum Riser, 1955, Echeneibothrium megalosoma Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 and Echeneibothrium vernetae Euzet, 1956 (4.7–13.6 mm vs. 50–70 mm, 15–20 mm, 60 mm or more, 55 mm, 30 mm, 91–220 mm and 100 mm, respectively). In addition, the new species is easily distinguishable from Echeneibothrium bathyphilum Campbell, 1975, Echeneibothrium elongatum Williams, 1966 and E. variabile by its lower number of proglottids (41–73 vs. 78–208, 350 or more and 100–150, respectively), and from Echeneibothrium dolichoophorum Riser, 1955, Echeneibothrium minutum Williams, 1966, E. multiloculatum and Echeneibothrium octorchis Riser, 1955 by its greater number of proglottids (41–73 vs. 35, 8–10, 11–27 and 25, respectively).</p> <p>Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. has fewer loculi on the distal bothridial surface than E. algeriensis, E. beauchampi, Echeneibothrium demeusiae Euzet, 1959, Echeneibothrium faxanum Manger, 1972, Echeneibothrium maculatum Woodland, 1927, E. minutum and E. variabile (10–12 vs. 28–30, 14, 18, 14, 15–17, 20 and 16, respectively), and more loculi than E. bathyphilum, E. elongatum, E. megalosoma, Echeneibothrium sobrinum Campbell, 1975 and E. vernetae (10–12 vs. 8, 6, 8, 5 and 8, respectively). It also differs from Echeneibothrium myzorhynchum Hart, 1936, E. sobrinum and E. williamsi in having a medial longitudinal septum on the distal bothridial surface.</p> <p>The cirrus sac of the new species is longer than in Echeneibothrium canadensis Keeling &amp; Burt, 1996, E. maculatum and E. octorchis (193–250 vs. 132–172, 186 and 87–111, respectively), wider than in E. bathyphilum, E. canadensis and E. octorchis (100–133 vs. 40–90, 49–74 and 51–66, respectively), and narrower than in E. dolichoophorum and</p> <p>E. elongatum (100–133 vs. 270–630 and 230, respectively). The location of the vas deferens entrance into the cirrus sac distinguishes the new species from E. dubium, while the position of the ovarian isthmus and the course of the vagina at the level of the cirrus sac distinguish it from Echeneibothrium abyssorum Campbell, 1977 and E. faxanum.</p> <p>The new species is the first reported species in the Echeneibothriidae with cilia present on the scolex.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EC10C5B02FFF1FCD0D7F5FBFAF8F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Franzese, Sebastián;Mutti, Leonardo D.;Tropea, Carolina;Ivanov, Verónica A.	Franzese, Sebastián, Mutti, Leonardo D., Tropea, Carolina, Ivanov, Verónica A. (2022): Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 299: 1-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002
039EC10C5B01FFFDFFE5D62AFC6CF838.text	039EC10C5B01FFFDFFE5D62AFC6CF838.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 Carvajal & Dailey 1975	<div><p>3.2. Echeneibothrium multiloculatum Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 (Figs. 1B; 5C–D; 6; 7; 8A)</p> <p>3.2.1. Emended description</p> <p>Based on whole mounts of 17 complete mature worms, serial sections of 1 mature proglottid and 2 scoleces, and SEM of 3 worms (23 specimens in total). Worms euapolytic, 2.7–5.6 mm (4.1 mm ± 0.9 mm, 14) long by 435–770 (528 ± 101, 9) wide, maximum width at level of scolex. Strobila composed of 15–23 (19 ± 2, 16) craspedote proglottids in number, 13–21 (17 ± 2, 16) immature, 2–3 (2 ± 0.3, 16) mature (Fig. 1B). Scolex with 4 stalked bothridia and apical myzorhynchus (Figs. 6A; 7A). Bothridia facially loculated, 300–485 (380 ± 49, 16) long by 220–295 (263 ± 31, 7) wide. Distal bothridial surface divided by medial longitudinal septum and 10–12 (11 ± 1, 6) transverse septa into 20–24 (23 ± 2, 6) loculi arranged in 2 columns with a single loculus at each end (Figs. 6A; 7A). Medial longitudinal septum extending from posterior margin of anteriormost loculus to anterior margin of posteriormost loculus (Fig. 6A). Anteriormost loculus 33–63 (46 ± 13, 8) long by 63–90 (74 ± 9, 8) wide, posteriormost loculus 15–28 (23 ± 6, 4) long by 33–60 (41 ± 13, 4) wide. Transverse septa and medial longitudinal septum formed distally by transverse and longitudinal muscle bundles, respectively, and uninterrupted underlying radial muscles with same orientation as adjacent radial muscles (Fig. 5C, D). Bothridial stalks 148–280 (204 ± 51, 9) long by 75–133 (107 ± 18, 9) wide. Neck 60–115 (83 ± 16, 13) wide. Myzorhynchus consisting of AMSP (sensu Caira et al. 1999) and AO, not observed in fully everted form, 65–150 (89 ± 25, 11) wide when partially retracted. AMSP retractable; AO invaginable with glandular cells (Fig. 6A). Proximal bothridial (Fig. 7C) and stalk surfaces covered by large gladiate spinitriches interspersed with capilliform filitriches. Distal bothridial surface covered by small gladiate spinitriches interspersed with capilliform filitriches (Fig. 7B). AMSP with acicular filitriches along its entire length, anteriormost region with band of gladiate spinitriches interspersed with acicular filitriches (Fig. 7D, E). AO surface not observed with SEM. Neck with acicular filitriches (Fig. 7F).</p> <p>Immature proglottids initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity. Subterminal mature proglottid 545–1010 (708 ± 138, 11) long (velum included) by 203–325 (273 ± 37, 11) wide; velum 13–25 (19 ± 4, 11) long, covering 1–2% (2 ± 0.4, 11) of adjacent proglottid. Terminal mature proglottid 815–1605 (1162 ± 208, 17) long by 190–345 (274 ± 43, 16) wide; width to length ratio 1: 3–7 (4 ± 1, 16) (Fig. 6B). Mature proglottids covered by capilliform filitriches. Testes oval, 14–19 (16 ± 2, 10) per proglottid, 35–65 (49 ± 8, 7, 35) long by 50–75 (63 ± 6, 7, 35) wide, arranged in 2 loosely columns anterior to cirrus sac (Fig. 6B), 1 layer deep in cross-section (Fig. 6C). Cirrus sac pyriform, 180–270 (216 ± 34, 10) long by 95–135 (118 ± 13, 10) wide, containing coiled cirrus covered by spinitriches. Vas deferens dorsal, highly coiled, entering dorsally at medial half of cirrus sac (Fig. 6D, F). Genital pores marginal, 41–53% (48 ± 3, 15) of proglottid length from posterior end.</p> <p>Vagina thick-walled, extending from ootype along midline of proglottid to anterior margin of cirrus sac, then laterally along anterior margin of cirrus sac to common genital atrium (Fig. 6B); vaginal sphincter and seminal receptacle absent (Fig. 6B, F). Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, H-shaped in dorso-ventral view (Fig. 6B), tetralobed in cross-section (Fig. 6E), symmetric (43% of specimens) or asymmetric (57% of specimens). Poral or aporal lobe longer than opposite lobe in asymmetric ovary, poral lobe 230–563 (424 ± 90, 13) long, aporal lobe 275–530 (430 ± 78, 13) long by 113–175 (148 ± 22, 8) wide at ovarian isthmus. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus, 28–53 (38 ± 8, 7) in diameter (Fig. 6B). Vitelline follicles 10–38 (22 ± 5, 12, 60) long by 20–58 (36 ± 8, 12, 60) wide, in 8 total columns; 2 dorsal columns and 2 ventral columns on each lateral margin of proglottid (Fig. 6C–E), extending uninterrupted along entire proglottid (Fig. 6B, F). Uterus sacciform, occupying midline of proglottid, from level of ootype to anterior half of proglottid, without reaching its anterior margin (Fig. 6B). Two pairs of osmoregulatory ducts, 1 dorsal pair and 1 ventral pair; dorsal ducts narrower than ventral ducts (Fig. 6C–E).</p> <p>3.2.2. Taxonomic summary</p> <p>Type host: D. chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), yellownose skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae).</p> <p>Additional host: D. brevicaudatus (Marini, 1933), short tail yellownose skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae).</p> <p>Type locality: South Pacific Ocean, between latitudes 32 ◦ 28 ′ S and 37 ◦ 15 ′ S (between Papudo and Talcahuano, Chile).</p> <p>Additional localities: Puerto Montt (41 ◦ 28 ′ S, 72 ◦ 56 ′ W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.933334/lat -42.55)">Chiloe</a> ´Island (42 ◦ 33 ′ S, 73 ◦ 56 ′ W), Calbuco (41 ◦ 46 ′ S, 73 ◦ 07 ′ W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.55/lat -33.016666)">Niebla</a> / Valdivia (39 ◦ 52 ′ S, 73 ◦ 23 ′ W) and Vina ˜del Mar (33 ◦ 01 ′ S, 71 ◦ 33 ′ W), Chile. Mar de Ajo´(36 ◦ 34 ′ S, 54 ◦ 39 ′ W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.65/lat -38.583332)">Mar del Plata</a> (38 ◦ 05 ′ S, 56 ◦ 58 ′ W) and Quequ´en (38 ◦ 35 ′ S, 58 ◦ 39 ′ W), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. San Jorge Gulf (46 ◦ 13 ′ S, 66 ◦ 26 ′ W), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. Tolhuin (54 ◦ 29 ′ S, 65 ◦ 59 ′ W) and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-53.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.8/lat -53.516666)">Río Grande</a> (53 ◦ 31 ′ S, 67 ◦ 48 ′ W), Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EC10C5B01FFFDFFE5D62AFC6CF838	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Franzese, Sebastián;Mutti, Leonardo D.;Tropea, Carolina;Ivanov, Verónica A.	Franzese, Sebastián, Mutti, Leonardo D., Tropea, Carolina, Ivanov, Verónica A. (2022): Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 299: 1-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002
039EC10C5B0DFFFCFF05D28AFBC1FDA1.text	039EC10C5B0DFFFCFF05D28AFBC1FDA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Site	<div><p>Site of infection: Spiral intestine.</p> <p>Voucher material: 20 vouchers MACN-Pa No. 737/1–10, 738, 739, 740/1–8 (17 whole mature worms, and histological sections of 1 mature proglottid and 2 scoleces).</p> <p>Prevalence of infection: 80% (8 hosts infected out of 10 examined).</p> <p>3.2.3. Remarks</p> <p>The newly collected specimens of E. multiloculatum allowed for an emended description of the species, including the modification of length ranges of some structures (i.e., bothridia, anteriormost loculus, testes, cirrus sac, ovarian poral and aporal lobe), width ranges of other structures (i.e., neck, myzorynchus and cirrus sac), and genital pore position. The emended description also includes information omitted in the original description and redescription on the length of some structures (i.e., posteriormost loculus, velum of subterminal proglottid and vitelline follicles), width of other structures (i.e., posteriormost loculus and vitelline follicles), number of immature and mature proglottids, disposition of musculature in bothridial septa, percentage of the terminal proglottid covered by the velum, width to length ratio of the terminal proglottid, location of the vas deferens entrance into the cirrus sac, diameter and position of Mehlis’ glands, disposition of vitelline follicles within each lateral band, presence of osmoregulatory ducts, and the pattern of microtriches on neck and mature proglottid surfaces (Table 4).</p> <p>The emended description agrees with the original description by Carvajal &amp; Dailey (1975) and disagrees with the redescription by Bueno &amp; Caira (2017) in that there is no apical sucker on the distal bothridial surface. The corresponding structure is considered as an anteriormost loculus rather than an apical sucker because it shows a straight posterior margin rather than a rounded posterior margin (Fig. 8A of the present study and Fig. 7 of Bueno &amp; Caira 2017), which is the feature proposed by Caira et al. (1999) and Caira &amp; Jensen (2021) to differentiate both structures. In addition, the emended description is consistent with that by Carvajal &amp; Dailey (1975), but not with that by Bueno &amp; Caira (2017), in that there is a medial longitudinal septum in bothridia, as demonstrated in histological sections of bothridial musculature (Fig. 5D of the present study). Finally, and contrary to the redescription by Bueno &amp; Caira (2017), we failed to observe any kind of interruption of vitelline follicles at the cirrus sac or ovary level and we detected intraspecific variability in ovarian symmetry.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EC10C5B0DFFFCFF05D28AFBC1FDA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Franzese, Sebastián;Mutti, Leonardo D.;Tropea, Carolina;Ivanov, Verónica A.	Franzese, Sebastián, Mutti, Leonardo D., Tropea, Carolina, Ivanov, Verónica A. (2022): Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 299: 1-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002
039EC10C5B0DFFFAFCB3D077FBC1F880.text	039EC10C5B0DFFFAFCB3D077FBC1F880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal & Dailey, 1975 Carvajal & Dailey 1975	<div><p>3.3. Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975 (Figs. 1C; 5E; 8B; 9; 10)</p> <p>3.3.1. Emended description</p> <p>Based on whole mounts of 13 complete mature worms, 2 scoleces and 2 strobila, serial sections of 1 mature proglottid and 1 scolex, and SEM of 6 worms (25 specimens in total). Worms euapolytic, 4.3–9.1 mm (6.2 mm ± 1.8 mm, 9) long by 510–880 (681 ± 139, 7) wide, maximum width at level of scolex. Strobila composed of 32–76 (55 ± 15, 7) AML, anteriormost loculus; AS, apical sucker; L, length; PML, posteriormost loculus; W, width; *The authors did not specify whether measurement was taken from the terminal proglottid.</p> <p>deep in cross-section (Fig. 9C). Cirrus sac oval, 150–205 (183 ± 16, 11) long by 95–125 (109 ± 10, 11) wide, containing coiled cirrus covered by spinitriches. Vas deferens dorsal, highly coiled, entering cirrus sac through its medial margin (Fig. 9E). Genital pores marginal, 42–58% (49 ± 4, 11) of proglottid length from posterior end.</p> <p>Vagina thick-walled, extending from ootype along midline of proglottid to anterior margin of cirrus sac, then laterally along anterior margin of cirrus sac to common genital atrium (Fig. 9B); vaginal sphincter and seminal receptacle absent (Fig. 9B, E). Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, H-shaped in dorso-ventral view (Fig. 9B), tetralobed in cross-section (Fig. 9D), symmetric or asymmetric (50% of specimens with each type). Aporal lobe longer than poral lobe in asymmetric ovary, poral lobe 285–413 (327 ± 36, 10) long, aporal lobe 300–403 (341 ± 37, 10) long by 100–210 (149 ± 39, 9) wide at ovarian isthmus. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus, 30–55 (46 ± 9, 6) in diameter (Fig. 9B). Vitelline follicles 10–38 (24 ± 8, 7, 35) long by 20–58 (38 ± 10, 7, 35) wide in 8 total columns; 2 dorsal columns and 2 ventral columns on each lateral margin of proglottid (Fig. 9C, D), extending uninterrupted along entire proglottid (Fig. 9B, E). Uterus sacciform, occupying midline of proglottid, from level of ootype to anterior margin of proglottid (Fig. 9B). Two pairs of osmoregulatory ducts, 1 dorsal pair and 1 ventral pair; dorsal ducts narrower than ventral ducts (Fig. 9C, D).</p> <p>craspedote proglottids in number, 30–74 (53 ± 15, 7) immature, 2–3 (2 ± 0.5, 7) mature (Fig. 1C). Scolex with 4 stalked bothridia and apical myzorhynchus (Figs. 9A; 10A). Bothridia facially loculated, 288–370 (325 ± 28, 11) long by 163–320 (278 ± 46, 11) wide. Distal bothridial surface divided by 10 (10 ± 0, 7) marginal septa into an anteriormost loculus and 9 (9 ± 0, 7) marginal loculi (Figs. 9A; 10A); anteriormost loculus 35–80 (62 ± 17, 5) long by 58–78 (70 ± 8, 5) wide. Marginal septa formed distally by marginal muscle bundles and uninterrupted underlying radial muscles with same orientation as adjacent radial muscles (Fig. 5E). Bothridial stalks 125–235 (190 ± 36, 9) long by 75–150 (102 ± 24, 9) wide. Neck 60–113 (79 ± 14, 10) wide. Myzorhynchus consisting of elongated AMSP (sensu Caira et al. 1999) and apical organ (AO), not observed in fully everted form, 48–83 (60 ± 11, 7) wide when partially retracted. AMSP mostly retractable; AO invaginable with glandular cells (Fig. 9A). Proximal bothridial surface covered by gladiate spinitriches (Fig. 10F), muscular band of bothridial rim covered by papilliform filitriches (Fig. 10G). Distal bothridial surface covered by gladiate spinitriches interspersed with acicular filitriches (Fig. 10E). Stalks with acicular filitriches. AMSP with acicular filitriches along its entire length (Fig. 10D), anteriormost region with band of gladiate spinitriches interspersed with acicular filitriches (Fig. 10C). AO surface not observed with SEM. Neck with acicular filitriches.</p> <p>Immature proglottids initially wider than long, becoming longer than wide with maturity. Subterminal mature proglottid 408–685 (503 ± 91, 7) long (velum included) by 265–360 (309 ± 35, 7) wide; velum 18–38 (28 ± 7, 7) long, covering 2–5% (3 ± 1, 8) of adjacent proglottid. Terminal mature proglottid 705–1230 (912 ± 161, 12) long by 240–365 (297 ± 41, 12) wide; width to length ratio 1: 3–4 (3 ± 1, 12) (Fig. 9B). Mature proglottids covered by acicular filitriches. Testes oval, 13–20 (16 ± 2, 8) per proglottid, 33–65 (49 ± 7, 8, 40) long by 50–98 (69 ± 11, 8, 40) wide, arranged in 2 columns anterior to cirrus sac (Fig. 9B), 1 layer</p> <p>3.3.2. Taxonomic summary</p> <p>Type host: D. chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), yellownose skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae).</p> <p>Additional host: D. brevicaudatus (Marini, 1933), short tail yellownose skate (Rajiformes: Rajidae).</p> <p>Type locality: South Pacific Ocean, between latitudes 32 ◦ 28 ′ S and 37 ◦ 15 ′ S (between Papudo and Talcahuano, Chile).</p> <p>Additional localities: Puerto Montt (41 ◦ 28 ′ S, 72 ◦ 56 ′ W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.933334/lat -42.55)">Chiloe</a> ´Island (42 ◦ 33 ′ S, 73 ◦ 56 ′ W), Calbuco (41 ◦ 46 ′ S, 73 ◦ 07 ′ W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.55/lat -33.016666)">Niebla</a> / Valdivia (39 ◦ 52 ′ S, 73 ◦ 23 ′ W) and Vina ˜del Mar (33 ◦ 01 ′ S, 71 ◦ 33 ′ W), Chile. San Jorge Gulf (46 ◦ 13 ′ S, 66 ◦ 26 ′ W), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. Tolhuin (54 ◦ 29 ′ S, 65 ◦ 59 ′ W) and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-53.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.8/lat -53.516666)">Río Grande</a> (53 ◦ 31 ′ S, 67 ◦ 48 ′ W), Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina.</p> <p>Site of infection: Spiral intestine.</p> <p>Voucher material: 19 vouchers MACN-Pa No. 741/1–14, 742/1–4, 743 (13 whole mature worms, 2 scoleces, 2 strobila, and histological sections of 1 mature proglottid and 1 scolex).</p> <p>Prevalence of infection: 60% (6 hosts infected out of 10 examined).</p> <p>3.3.3. Remarks</p> <p>The newly collected specimens of E. williamsi allowed for an emended description of the species, including the modification of the total length range and length ranges of some structures (i.e., bothridia, anteriormost loculus, bothridial stalks, testes and cirrus sac), width ranges of other structures (i.e., bothridia, bothridial stalks, neck, myzorynchus, testes and cirrus sac), and number of proglottids. The emended description also includes information omitted in the original description and redescription on the length of some structures (i.e., velum of subterminal proglottid and vitelline follicles), width of other structures (i.e., vitelline follicles), number of immature and mature proglottids, disposition of musculature in bothridial septa, percentage of the terminal proglottid covered by the velum, width to length ratio of the terminal proglottid, position of the vas deferens entrance into the cirrus sac, diameter and position of Mehlis’ glands, disposition of vitelline follicles within each lateral band, presence of osmoregulatory ducts, and the pattern of microtriches on neck and mature proglottid surfaces (Table 4).</p> <p>The emended description agrees with the original description by Carvajal &amp; Dailey (1975) and disagrees with the redescription by Bueno &amp; Caira (2017) in that there is no apical sucker on the distal bothridial surface. The corresponding structure is considered as an anteriormost loculus rather than an apical sucker because it has two straight lateral posterior margins and one straight central posterior margin rather than a single rounded posterior margin (Fig. 8B), which is the feature proposed by Caira et al. (1999) and Caira &amp; Jensen (2021) to differentiate both structures. In addition, papilliform instead of acicular filitriches were found on the muscular band of the proximal bothridial surface, and acicular instead of capilliform filitriches were found on the distal bothridial surface. Finally, and contrary to the redescription by Bueno &amp; Caira (2017), we failed to observe any kind of interruption of vitelline follicles at the cirrus sac or ovary level and we detected intraspecific variability in ovarian symmetry.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EC10C5B0DFFFAFCB3D077FBC1F880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Franzese, Sebastián;Mutti, Leonardo D.;Tropea, Carolina;Ivanov, Verónica A.	Franzese, Sebastián, Mutti, Leonardo D., Tropea, Carolina, Ivanov, Verónica A. (2022): Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 299: 1-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002
039EC10C5B08FFE7FCB3D4E4FF4CFDA2.text	039EC10C5B08FFE7FCB3D4E4FF4CFDA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echeneibothrium van Beneden 1850	<div><p>4.1. The genus Echeneibothrium and its hosts in the Argentine sea</p> <p>In the present study we describe a new species of Echeneibothrium from the Magellanic Province in southern Argentine Sea. Unlike most congeners that parasitize Rajidae skates (Ruhnke et al. 2017; Benmeslem et al. 2018), Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. was found in a Arhynchobatidae batoid (i.e., B. cousseauae). It is, therefore, the second species of Echeneibothrium reported in batoids of that family, along with E. pollonae, which parasitizes B. richardsoni from northwestern Atlantic Ocean (Campbell 1977). Echeneibothrium cristinae sp. nov. could be the same species recorded by Beer et al. (2019) in B. cousseauae at the Malvinas Islands in the Argentine Sea, which was analyzed at a molecular rather than morphological level. These authors also reported specimens of Echeneibothrium parasitizing six species of the genus Bathyraja (i.e., Bathyraja albomaculata (Norman, 1937), Bathyraja brachyurops (Fowler, 1910), Bathyraja griseocauda (Norman, 1937), Bathyraja macloviana (Norman, 1937), Bathyraja multispinus (Norman, 1937), Bathyraja scaphiops (Norman, 1937)) from the same region. Considering that none of them have so far been recorded as hosts for Echeneibothrium and that most marine rhinebothriideans show a high degree of specificity for their definitive hosts, it is highly probable that several of the Echeneibothrium species reported by Beer et al. (2019) are as of yet undescribed species. Further morphological studies are necessary to identify them at a specific level.</p> <p>On the other hand, we made some emendations to the descriptions and redescriptions of E. multiloculatum and E. williamsi by Carvajal &amp; Dailey (1975) and Bueno &amp; Caira (2017), who recorded the species in D. chilensis from the Chilean Sea. Both a new host (i.e., D. brevicaudatus) and additional localities along the Argentine Sea are reported in the present study.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EC10C5B08FFE7FCB3D4E4FF4CFDA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Franzese, Sebastián;Mutti, Leonardo D.;Tropea, Carolina;Ivanov, Verónica A.	Franzese, Sebastián, Mutti, Leonardo D., Tropea, Carolina, Ivanov, Verónica A. (2022): Morphological study of members of the genus Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) from rajiform skates of the Argentine Sea and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family Echeneibothriidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 299: 1-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.05.002
