taxonID	type	description	language	source
039E000E5060FFB356DBD8EBCE165BD4.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 25) Larva. Late instar: body length 8.0 – 8.2 mm; caudal filaments 4.2 – 5.4 mm. Body yellowish-brown to brown. Body robust (Fig. 1), all body surfaces, labrum, mandibles, labium and gills densely covered with large scales sockets and small scales in some of them (Figs 2, 4 – 9, 13, 20). Head: With two pairs of small, blunt protuberances. Genae moderately developed (Fig. 2). Mouthparts: Labrum wide, angles rounded (Fig. 9); anteromedian emargination shallow; dorsal surface densely covered with long, hair-like setae; anterior margin with numerous feathered and hair-like setae; ventral surface with numerous long, stout, hair-like setae. Mandibles with numerous long, hair-like setae on dorsal and lateral surfaces (Figs 7, 8). Right mandible with trifurcated outer incisor, and bifurcated inner incisor; mandible with row of 9 long, stout, hairlike setae under mola and bunch of short, hair-like setae above; prostheca consisting of bunch of hair-like setae. Outer incisor apex on left mandible with three distinct denticles and one small, blunt denticle; inner incisor (kinetodontium) of left mandible with two distinct central denticles and one small, blunt lateral denticle; prostheca consisting of protuberance with bunch of hair-like setae. Rounded apexes of superlinguae with long, stout, hair-like setae; surfaces of lingua covered with hair-like and fine setae mainly in apical part (Fig. 10). Rows of short, pointed, stout setae (up to 7) present on lingua surface near base; these rows subparallel to lateral margins. Maxilla with two dentisetae with inner margins serrate. Apex and apical part of maxilla surface with numerous long, stout, hair-like setae, some of these setae with serrated inner margins; galea-lacinia with long, stout, hair-like setae on inner margin and group of 8 long, feathered, stout setae at surface near base (Fig. 12). Maxillary palp 3 - segmented, segment II with few, relatively long, hair-like setae; segment III short, distinctly narrowed and pointed (Fig. 11); segmentation weakly developed. Labium with rounded glossae; dorsal surface of glossae and apexes of paraglossae covered with long, stout, hair-like setae (Fig. 13). Inner margins of paraglossae subparallel to longitudinal axis of body, held tightly against glossae. Whole ventral surface of labium, including mentum and submentum, covered with middle-sized and short, hair-like setae. Labial palp 3 - segmented; segment I and segment II subequal in length, covered with long, hair-like setae; segment II with several long, stout, hair-like setae on dorsal surface and outer margin; segment III slightly elongated, rounded apically (length / width ratio = 1.53 – 1.78) (Fig. 13), apex covered with numerous fine setae. Thorax: Pronotum expanded laterally, with anterolateral angles projecting forward and laterally (Figs 4 – 6). Anterolateral projections of mesothorax blunt and not notched, with margins usually subparallel to lateral aspect of body (Figs 3, 4). Thoracic surface with fine and short, hair-like setae; with small, indistinct ridges and tubercles and small, blunt posterior projections between forewing pads (Figs 1, 4). Femora of all legs moderately flattened (length / width ratio = forefemur 2.5 – 2.6; middle femur 2.4 – 2.5; hind femur 2.6 – 2.7) and with longitudinal ridge, especially visible on mid- and hindfemora (Figs 14 – 16). All femora longer than tibiae, and tibiae longer than tarsi. Apical half of outer margin of forefemur with serration (Fig. 14), apexes of chalazae with long or short, stout setae with rounded or bluntly pointed apexes. Additionally, whole outer margin covered with irregular row of long, hair-like setae. Inner margin of forefemur serrate or with several (2 – 7) distinct chalazae and stout setae (as on outer margin) in central part; several long, pointed, stout setae in basal part of margin; short, hair-like setae along entire length of margin. Surface of forefemur densely covered with solitary, fine setae, middle-sized, hair-like setae, several pointed, stout, hair-like setae and middle-sized and short, stout setae with rounded, pointed or bluntly pointed apexes. Stout setae situated mainly near outer and inner margins. Central part of forefemur with few, rounded or bluntly pointed apically, stout setae, often forming chalazae (Figs 14, 18). Dorsal surface of fore tibia with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and short row of several long, spine-like setae or long, stout, hair-like setae. Outer margins of fore tibia and tarsus with short, hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches). Inner margin of fore tibia with hair-like setae and sparse row of spine-like setae; distal end of margin with group of elongated, feathered, stout setae. Inner margin of fore tarsus with hair-like setae and dense row of stout, hair-like setae, spine-like and feathered, stout setae. Outer and inner margins of mid- and hindfemora with distinct, but not deep, serration; such serration more obvious than on forefemur (Figs 14 – 16, 20). Chaetotaxy of mid- and hindfemora similar to foreleg, except for presence of several stout setae with rounded or bluntly pointed apexes in basal part of femora. Outer margin of midfemur with moderately developed apical projection, hindfemur with distinct projection (Figs 15, 16). Outer and inner margins of mid- and hind tibiae with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and row of elongated, spine-like setae; on outer margins spine-like setae more numerous. Distal ends of inner margins of tibiae each with group of spine-like setae and elongated, feathered stout setae. Inner margins of mid- and hind tarsi with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and row of stout, hairlike setae and spine-like setae; outer margins of these tarsi with hair-like setae only. Tarsal claws of all legs distinctly hooked (Figs 17, 19), with 2 subequal denticles (if third denticle present, always smaller and situated close to others) and 3 subapical setae. Abdomen: Dorsal surface and posterior margins of terga covered only with hair-like setae; stout setae absent. Pairs of projections present on terga II – X, with those on terga II – IV, IX and X smaller than others; those on terga V – VIII more developed (Fig. 21). Paired tergal projections not bifurcated; those of terga II – VII pointed; those of terga VIII elongated, bluntly pointed; those of tergum IX very small and rounded; those of tergum X bluntly pointed and bigger than those of tergum IX. Lateral projections of segment IX wide and not pressed against segment X (Figs 1, 21). Posterolateral projections of segments III – IX present and distinct (Fig. 21). Lamellate gills (Figs 22 – 25) dorsal surfaces and margins covered with relatively long, hair-like setae; gill III without medial transverse band of weakened membrane; dorsal lamella of gill V somewhat longer than dorsal lamellae of gills III – IV; gill VII very small and entirely covered by gill VI. Caudal filaments subequal in length, with elongated, apically rounded, stout setae and hair-like setae at articulations. Adults. Unknown.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5060FFB356DBD8EBCE165BD4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named in honor of the late Dr. Richard K. Allen (USA), who described the subgenus Rhionella.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5060FFB356DBD8EBCE165BD4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species can be easily distinguished from other representatives of the genus by the following combination of characters: (i) genae are moderately developed; (ii) anterolateral angles of pronotum with projections directed forward and laterally; (iii) projections of mesothorax not notched; (iv) forefemur with distinct serration on inner and outer margins; (v) dorsal surface of forefemur usually with few knob-like projections (chalazae) bearing stout setae; (vi) middle and hind femora moderately flattened; (vii) outer and inner margins of mid- and hindfemora with shallow serration; (viii) outer margin of middle femur with moderately developed apical projection; (ix) all pairs of abdominal tergal projections not bifurcated; (x) lateral projections of abdominal segment IX wide and not pressed against segment X (Figs 1, 21); (xi) tarsal claw with 2 subequal denticles (see details above).	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5060FFB356DBD8EBCE165BD4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from India (Fig. 153). Habitat. Larvae of Cincticostella richardi sp. nov. inhabit large (from 20 – 100 m wide) mountain rivers (Alaknanda and Pindar Rivers) (Figs 147, 148) which are typical for the low mountain zone (up to 1000 m a. s. l.) of the Great Himalayan Range within India (Uttarakhand State). These rivers are characterized by low water temperature (9 – 14 ° C at the time of sampling), high average current velocity (from 0.3 – 1.5 m / s) and mainly stonepebble bottom with significant silting. Larvae were sampled under the stones and also from roots, branches and other substrates near the banks, mainly in places with current velocity from 0.3 – 0.6 m / s. It should be noted that large rivers of the mentioned low mountain zone are experiencing significant anthropogenic pressures, especially organic pollution. Investigated rivers can be classified as alpha- or betamezosaprobic. As a result, most oxyphillic species, including Cincticostella richardi sp. nov., survived only in mountain rivers with high current velocity and rapids.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5060FFB356DBD8EBCE165BD4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. INDIA: Holotype: larva, Uttarakhand State, Chamoli district, Pindar River (2 km above of the Karnaprayag town), 30.251625 N, 79.229203 E, h ~ 780 m a. s. l., 04 - II- 2011, D. M. Palatov — IN Indi 4 Cinric / 1. Paratypes: INDIA: 3 larvae (one mature larva in slide number 645), same data as holotype — IN Indi 4 Cinric / 2; 1 larva, Uttarakhand State, Chamoli district, Alaknanda River (700 m above mouth of the Pindar River), 30.267728 N, 79.220931 E, h ~ 800 m a. s. l., 5 - II- 2011, D. M. Palatov and M. V. Chertoprud — IN Indi 6 Cinric.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5065FFB956DBDC14C9155EE4.taxon	description	(Figs 26 – 52) Larva. Body length 5.1 – 6.9 mm; caudal filaments length 4.5 – 6.3 mm. Body yellowish-brown. Body robust (Fig. 26); all body surfaces, labrum, mandibles, labium and gills densely covered with large scales sockets and small scales in some of them (Figs 27 – 34, 38, 40, 41, 46). Head: With two pairs of small, blunt protuberances. Genae moderately developed (Fig. 27). Mouthparts (Figs 32 – 38): Labrum wide, angles rounded (Fig. 34); anteromedian emargination shallow, dorsal surface densely covered with long, hair-like setae; ventral surface with numerous, long, stout, hair-like setae; anterior margin with numerous feathered setae and hair-like setae. Mandibles with numerous, long, hair-like setae on dorsal and lateral surfaces (Figs 32, 33). Right mandible with row of 6 – 9 long, stout, hair-like setae under mola and bunch of short, hair-like setae above; outer incisor apex trifurcated, inner incisor (kinetodontium) bifurcated; prostheca apparently consisting of bunch of hair-like setae. Left mandible: outer incisor apex with three distinct denticles and one small, blunt denticle; inner incisor (kinetodontium) with two distinct, central denticles and one small, blunt, lateral denticle; prostheca consisting of protuberance with bunch of hair-like setae. Rounded apexes of superlinguae with long, stout, hair-like setae; surface of lingua with hair-like and fine setae, mostly in apical part (Fig. 35). Rows of up to 7 short, pointed, stout setae on surface of lingua near base, subparallel to lateral margins. Maxillary palp (Fig. 36) 3 - segmented, with up to 8 long, hair-like setae; segmentation weakly developed; segment III short, bluntly pointed, with few fine setae on apex. Maxilla with two dentisetae with serrated inner margins; apex and apical part of maxilla surface with numerous, long, stout, hair-like setae, some setae with serrated inner margins; inner margin of galea-lacinia with row of long, stout, hair-like setae; 6 – 9 different-sized, feathered, stout setae present on galea- lacinia surface near base (Fig. 37). Glossae rounded (Fig. 38); dorsal surface of glossae and apexes of paraglossae covered with long, stout, hair-like setae. Inner margins of paraglossae subparallel to longitudinal axis of body, held tightly against glossae. Ventral surface of labium (including mentum and submentum) mostly covered with short, hair-like setae. Labial palp 3 - segmented; segment I and segment II subequal in length, covered with long, hair-like setae; dorsal surface of segment II and outer margin of segment I with several spine-like setae and long, stout hairlike setae; segment III slightly elongate, with length 1.75 – 1.79 × width at base, apex covered with numerous fine setae. Thorax: Dorsal surface with small, indistinct ridges and tubercles, and small, blunt posterior projections between forewing pads (Figs 26, 29). Anterolateral angles with small projections directed forward (Figs 29 – 31); anterolateral projections of mesothorax rounded and not subparallel to lateral aspect of body, though these projections may appear subparallel after slide-mounting (Figs 26, 28, 29). Femora of legs moderately flattened (length / width ratio = forefemur 2.1 – 2.3; middle femur 2.0 – 2.1; hind femur 2.1 – 2.2); all femora with longitudinal ridges (Figs 39 – 41). Femora longer than tibiae, and tibiae longer than tarsi. Outer and inner margins of forefemur without serration (sometimes only 1 or 2 small chalazae along outer margin) (Figs 39, 45), with only hair-like setae and few stout setae with rounded apexes. Dorsal surface of forefemur covered with hair-like setae; central part of dorsal surface with few chalazae bearing stout setae with rounded apexes (Figs 39, 43); few stout setae with rounded or bluntly pointed apexes also located near outer and inner margins. Surface of fore tibia with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and short row of spine-like setae. Outer margins of fore tibia and tarsal segments with short, hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches). Inner margin of fore tibia with hair-like setae and sparse row of spine-like setae; distal end of margin with group of spine-like setae and elongated, feathered, stout setae. Inner margin of fore tarsus with hair-like setae and dense row of stout, hairlike setae, spine-like setae and feathered, stout setae. Outer margins of mid- and hindfemora with shallow serration (Figs 40, 41), with apex of each weak protuberance bearing stout setae with rounded or bluntly pointed apexes, varying in length (Fig. 46). Inner margins of mid- and hindfemora without serration. Chaetotaxy of surface of mid- and hindfemora similar to forefemur, but lacking stout setae. Outer margin of midfemur without apical projection; hindfemur with distinct apical projection (Figs 40, 41). Middle tibia: outer margin with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches); inner margin with row of elongated, spine-like setae and hair-like setae; surface with hair-like setae only. Hind tibia: Outer and inner margins with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and row of elongated, spinelike setae. Distal ends of inner margins of mid- and hind tibiae with groups of spine-like setae and elongated, feathered, stout setae. Mid- and hind tarsi inner margins with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and rows of stout, hair-like setae and spine-like setae; outer margins with hair-like setae only. Tarsal claw distinctly hooked, with 3 – 7 denticles (largest denticle in middle) (Figs 42, 44) and 3 subapical setae. Abdomen: Dorsal surface and posterior margins of terga covered only with hair-like setae; stout setae absent. Terga II – X with pairs of projections; projections on terga II – IV and X smaller than others; projections on terga V – IX more robust (Figs 47, 48). Paired projections on tergum VII sometimes bifurcated apically (visible in lateral view); paired projections on tergum VIII always bifurcated in this way; lower edge of paired projections on terga V and VI elongated, but without bifurcation notch (Fig. 48). Paired projections on terga II – VII and X pointed dorsally; paired projections on terga VIII and XI blunt. Posterolateral projections present on segments III – IX, poorly developed on segments III – V, most strongly developed on segments VIII and IX (Fig. 47). Dorsal surface and margins of lamellate gills (Figs 49 – 52) covered with relatively long, hair-like setae; gill III without medial transverse band of weakened membrane; dorsal lamella of gill VI somewhat longer than that of gills III – V; gill VII very small and entirely covered by gill VI. Caudal filaments subequal in length, with elongated, apically rounded, stout setae and hair-like setae at articulations. Adults. Unknown.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5065FFB956DBDC14C9155EE4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named in honor of our co-author Dr. Kumbakonam G. Sivaramakrishnan, who has contributed significantly to the study of mayflies from the Indian zoogeographical subregion over the course of his career.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5065FFB956DBDC14C9155EE4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished easily from other representatives of the genus by the following combination of characters: (i) genae moderately developed; (ii) anterolateral angles of pronotum with projections directed forward; (iii) anterolateral projections of mesothorax not notched; (iv) forefemur without serration along inner and outer margins (occasionally with one or two chalazae on outer margin); (v) dorsal surface of forefemur usually with chalaza bearing few stout setae; (vi) mid- and hindfemora moderately flattened; (vii) outer margins of mid- and hindfemora with shallow serration, their inner margins without serration; (viii) middle femur without apical projection; (ix) paired projections on tergum VIII, and sometimes tergum VII, bifurcated apically; (x) tarsal claw with 3 – 7 denticles, one of the middle denticles being distinctly larger.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5065FFB956DBDC14C9155EE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Nepal (Fig. 153). Habitat. Larvae of C. sivaramakrishnani sp. nov. inhabit small rivers in the middle mountain zone (1400 – 1800 m a. s. l.) of Annapurna massif, one of the biggest spurs of the Great Himalayan Range within Central Nepal (Figs 149, 150). Larvae inhabit the rhithral zone of mountain rivers and streams that are 3 – 12 m wide, with stony bottoms, high current velocities and almost no anthropogenic pollution. Water temperatures during the collecting of material ranged from 9 – 12 ° C. Larvae were collected from the undersides of stones and pebbles in places with current velocities ranging from 0.3 – 0.8 m / s.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5065FFB956DBDC14C9155EE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. NEPAL: Holotype: larva, Gandaki Zone, Kaski District, Modi River (near Jhinu village), 28.409494 N, 83.826894 E, h ~ 1550 m a. s. l., 16 - III- 2007, M. V. Chertoprud — IN Nepa 10 Cinsiv / 3. Paratypes: 12 larvae (one larva in slide number 652), same data as holotype — IN Nepa 10 Cinsiv / 1 – 2; 2 larvae (one in slide number 646), Gandaki Zone, Kaski District, Modi Khola River (1 km below New Bridge village), 28.393611 N, 83.825833 E, h ~ 1400 m a. s. l., 31 - I- 2014, V. V. Marinskiy — IN Nepa 6 Cinsiv; 9 larvae, Bagmati zone, Kathmandu District, Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, western source of the Budhanil (Bhoti) Khola River (1 km Northwards of the Phedigaun village), 27.798611 N, 85.373611 E, h ~ 1600 m a. s. l., 20 - III- 2007, M. V. Chertoprud — IN Nepa 8 Cinsiv / 1 – 3; 6 larvae (one larva in slide number 651), Gandaki Zone, Kaski District, Chomrong Khola River (near Chomrong village), 28.407739 N, 83.816450 E, h ~ 1800 m a. s. l., 16 - III- 2007, M. V. Chertoprud — IN Nepa 9 Cinsiv / 1 – 2.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E506FFFA456DBDB24CF685E74.taxon	description	(Figs 53 – 73) Larva. Late instar: body length 5.5 – 6.0 mm. Caudal filaments 2.5 – 3.0 mm. Body yellowish brown (Fig. 53). All body surfaces, labrum, mandibles, labium and gills densely covered with large scales sockets and small scales in some of them (Figs 58 – 60, 64 – 68). Head: With two pairs of small blunt protuberances; genae not expanded (Fig. 54). Mouthparts: Labrum wide, angles rounded; anteromedian emargination shallow, dorsal surface densely covered with long, hair-like setae; ventral surface with numerous stout, hair-like setae; anterior margin with numerous feathered setae (Fig. 60). Mandibles with numerous long, hair-like setae on dorsal and lateral surfaces. Left mandible with outer incisor consisting of three denticles, outer denticle longer than others; inner incisor pointed, with two distinct central denticles and one small, blunt lateral denticle (Fig. 59); prostheca consisting of bunch of hair-like setae (Fig. 59). Right mandible with outer incisor trifurcated and inner incisor bifurcated; prostheca consisting of bunch of hairlike setae; row of 8 or 9 long, stout hair-like setae present below mola (Fig. 58). Anterior margins of superlinguae densely covered with stout, hair-like setae; dorsal and ventral surfaces in apical half with fine setae and variously sized, stout, hair-like setae; lingua convex medially, with fine setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces; rows of several short, pointed, stout setae on lingua surface near base (Fig. 61). Maxilla with two dentisetae (Fig. 63); dense patches of long, stout, hair-like setae on apex, some setae with serrated inner margins; inner surface of galea-lacinia with row of long, stout, hair-like setae; group of several long, feathered, stout setae present near base of galealacinia. Maxillary palp 3 - segmented, with several relatively long, hair-like setae; segment III distinctly narrowed and bluntly pointed (Figs 62, 63); segmentation weakly developed. Labium with small, almost round glossae; dorsal surface of glossae and apexes of paraglossae with long, stout, hair-like setae. Inner margins of paraglossae rounded, not subparallel to longitudinal axis of body; paraglossae not held particularly tightly against glossae (Fig. 64). Labial palp 3 - segmented, segment I length subequal to segment II; segments I and II with middle-sized and long, hair-like setae on margins and surfaces; outer margin of segments I and II and dorsal surfaces of segment II also with spine-like setae; segment III much thinner than other segments and rounded apically, with few fine setae. Ventral surface of mentum and submentum with hair-like and fine setae (Fig. 64). Thorax: Surface with few indistinct ridges and tubercles. Pronotum with anterolateral angles projecting anteriorly (Figs 56, 57). Mesothorax with pair of bluntly pointed posterior projections between forewing pads; anterolateral projections not notched, with margins subparallel to lateral aspect of body or somewhat rounded (Figs 53, 55). Femora of all legs at least somewhat flattened, with those of mid- and hindlegs most flattened. Femora of all legs longer than tibiae, and tibiae longer than tarsi. Outer margin of forefemur with hair-like setae and various stout setae of different lengths, some pointed and some rounded at apex. Inner and outer margins of forefemur without serration, but sometimes with one or two indistinct chalazae on outer margin (Fig. 65). Dorsal surface of forefemur with numerous chalazae bearing apically rounded, stout setae (Figs 65, 68). Fore tibia with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) on both outer and inner margins; inner margin of fore tibia also with sparse row of spine-like setae; dorsal surface of fore tibia with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and sparse row of spine-like setae. Inner margin of fore tarsus with thin, hair-like setae and dense row of stout, hair-like setae, spine-like setae and feathered, stout setae; outer margin of fore tarsus with hair-like setae only. Midfemur flattened mostly in distal half; outer margin slightly serrated (Fig. 66), with pointed or apically rounded, stout setae and numerous hair-like setae of various lengths. Outer margin of midfemur without apical projection. Inner margin of midfemur without serration. Hindfemur flattened (Fig. 67); outer margin serrated (serration not deep), with long, hair-like setae and short, apically rounded, stout setae. Inner margin of hindfemur without serration. Apical projection of hindfemur outer margin small. Outer and inner margins of mid- and hind tibiae with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and row of elongated, spine-like setae. Distal ends of inner margins of tibiae with groups of spine-like setae and elongated, feathered, stout setae. Outer margins of mid- and hind tarsi with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches); inner margins of tarsi with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and rows of elongated, stout, hair-like setae and spine-like setae. Tarsal claw distinctly hooked (Fig. 69), with 2 subequal denticles and sometimes third, much smaller denticle near others, and with several subapical setae. Abdomen: Paired projections present on terga II – IX, not bifurcated. Dorsal lamellae of gills III – V similar in shape; gill III without medial transverse band of weakened membrane; gill VI not wide and elongated compared to gills III – V (Figs 70 – 73); gill VII very small and entirely covered by gill VI. Gill socket VII located near posterolateral corner. Caudal filaments with apically pointed, stout setae at articulations; setae shorter than corresponding segment. Adult. Unknown.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E506FFFA456DBDB24CF685E74.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Ranga River in Arunachal Pradesh State.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E506FFFA456DBDB24CF685E74.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Cincticostella species by the following combination of characters: (i) genae moderately developed (Fig. 54); (ii) inner margins of paraglossae rounded, not subparallel to longitudinal axis of body; paraglossae not held particularly tightly against glossae (Fig. 64); (iii) anterolateral angles of pronotum with projections directed forward (Figs 56, 57); (iv) anterolateral projections of mesothorax not notched, with margins usually subparallel to lateral aspect of body or somewhat rounded (Figs 53, 55); (v) forefemur without serration on inner and outer margins (Fig. 65); (vi) dorsal surface of forefemur with numerous chalazae bearing apically rounded, stout setae (Figs 65, 68); (vii) hindfemur distinctly flattened in distal part (Fig. 67); (viii) outer margins of mid- and hindfemora with shallow serration, and their inner margins without serration (Figs 66, 67,); (ix) middle femur without apical projection (Fig. 66); (x) all pairs of abdominal tergal projections not bifurcated (Fig. 53); (xi) tarsal claw with 2 or 3 denticles (Fig. 69).	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E506FFFA456DBDB24CF685E74.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from India (Fig. 153). Habitat. Cold, fast-flowing streams with cobble and gravel (Figs 151, 152). Type material. INDIA: Holotype: larva, Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Subansiri District, Talle Valley, 27.537201 N, 93.959883 E, h ~ 2370 m, 14 - IV- 2015, K. A. Subramanian — Reg. No. 5576 / H 13. Paratypes: 5 larvae, same data as holotype; 3 larvae, Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Subansiri District, Ranga River, 27.396404 N, 93.757378 E, h ~ 625 m, 21 - IV- 2015, K. A. Subramanian & Bikramjit Sinha — Reg. No. 5577 / H 13.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5072FFA356DBDFFBCF855C04.taxon	description	(Figs 74 – 111)	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5072FFA356DBDFFBCF855C04.taxon	description	Head: With ridges and two pairs of small, blunt protuberances; genae not expanded (Figs 74, 90). Mouthparts: Labrum with shallow anteromedian emargination (Figs 81, 96); anterior margin with numerous feathered and hairlike setae; dorsal surface and anterolateral angles densely covered with long, hair-like setae; ventral surface with numerous, long, stout, hair-like setae. Mandibles with numerous, long, hair-like setae on dorsal and lateral surfaces. Left mandible with outer incisor consisting of three distinct denticles (outer denticle longer than others) and one small, blunt denticle; inner incisor with two distinct central denticles and one small, blunt lateral denticle (Figs 80, 95); prostheca consisting of protuberance with bunch of hair-like setae. Right mandible with outer incisor consisting of three distinct denticles and one small, blunt denticle; inner incisor bifurcate; prostheca apparently consisting of bunch of long, hair-like setae; row of 8 – 10 long, stout, hair-like setae below molar area (Figs 79, 94). Rounded apexes of superlinguae densely covered with long, stout, hair-like setae; dorsal and ventral surfaces of lingua with hair-like and fine setae, mainly in apical part (Fig. 97). Rows of several, short, stout setae on lingua surface near base. Maxilla with two dentisetae with serrate inner margins. Apex and distal part of maxilla surfaces with numerous, long, stout, hair-like setae, some with inner margins serrated; galea-lacinia with row of long, stout, hair-like setae on inner margin; group of 8 long, feathered, stout setae on surface near base (Figs 83, 99). Maxillary palp 3 - segmented (Figs 82, 98); articulations between segments II and III sometimes weakly developed (Fig. 98); segment I slightly broader than others; segment III very short and rounded apically; segments I and II with long, hair-like setae, but most present on distal portion of segment II. Labium with rounded glossae; apexes of paraglossae and glosae with numerous long, stout, hair-like on dorsal surface (Figs 84, 100). Inner margins of paraglossae subparallel to longitudinal axis of body, held tightly against glossae. Ventral surfaces of mentum and submentun covered with fine and hair-like setae. Labial palp segment I length subequal to length of segment II; segments I and II with hair-like setae and with long, spine-like setae on all surfaces; segment III much thinner than other segments and rounded apically, with fine setae. Thorax: Dorsal surface with various irregular ridges and tubercles. Pronotum expanded laterally, anterolateral angles with projections directed forward (Figs 76 – 78, 92, 93). Mesonotum with anterolateral projections broad and somewhat rounded, not subparallel to lateral aspect of body, and not notched (Figs 75, 76, 89, 91); pair of longitudinal ridges and blunt posterior projections present between forewing pads (Fig. 89). All femora moderately flattened, especially those of middle and hindlegs, and with longitudinal ridges on dorsal surfaces. Inner margins of femora without serration, but densely covered with numerous, hair-like setae. Femora longer than tibiae, and tibiae longer than tarsi. Outer margin of forefemur with 1 – 3 small chalazae, numerous hair-like setae and few pointed or apically rounded, stout setae (Figs 85, 101). Dorsal surface of forefemur with long, hair-like setae and several elongated, stout setae with pointed or rounded apexes (Figs 85, 101, 104); stout setae sometimes situated on chalazae. Dorsal surface of fore tibia with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches) and short row of spine-like setae. Outer margin and surface of fore tibia with hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches). Inner margin of fore tibia with long, thin, hair-like setae and sparse row of spine-like setae and elongated, stout, hair-like setae; distal end of margin with group of elongated, feathered, stout setae. Inner margins of fore tarsal segments scattered with both fine and stout, hair-like setae, and with relatively dense row of stout, hair-like setae, spine-like setae and feathered, stout setae. Outer margin of midfemur with shallow serration; outer margin of hindfemur moderately serrate, with hair-like setae and variously shaped, stout setae (Figs 86, 102, 103). Outer margin of midfemur without apical projection; hindfemur with distinct projection (Figs 86, 102, 103). Inner and outer margins of mid- and hind tibiae with rows of long, thin, hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches), elongate spine-like setae, and long, stout, hair-like setae; setae largest on hind tibia. Outer margins of mid- and hind tarsi with sparse middle-sized, hair-like setae (solitary and in bunches); inner margins of these tarsi with relatively dense rows of long, stout, hair-like setae and spine-like setae. Tarsal claw with 3 – 5 denticles and up to 5 subapical setae (Figs 105, 106). Abdomen: Pairs of projections present on terga II – X; those on terga II, III, IV and X relatively small; those on terga V – IX stout, variously blunt or pointed; tergal projections on tergum VIII most abruptly divergent (Figs 87, 107), especially on material from India. Paired projections on terga V – VIII sometimes apparently bifurcate, especially on material from Nepal (Figs 87, 88). Gill III without medial transverse band of weakened membrane; dorsal lamellae of gills III – V similar in shape. Gill VI much smaller than gills III – V; gill VII very small and wholly covered by gill VI (Figs 108 – 111). Caudal filaments with sharply pointed, stout setae at articulations. Adults. Unknown.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5072FFA356DBDFFBCF855C04.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species appears to be closely related to C. bifurcata. Cincticostella braaschi can be distinguished from all known representatives of the C. insolta complex by the following combination of characters: (i) genae moderately developed (Figs 74, 90); (ii) anterolateral angles of pronotum with projections directed forward (Figs 76 – 78, 89, 92, 93); (iii) anterolateral projections of mesothorax rounded and not notched (Figs 75, 76, 89, 91); (iv) mid- and hindfemora moderately flattened; (v) outer margin of midfemur with shallow serration and outer margin of hindfemur moderately serrate (Figs 86, 102, 103); (vi) inner margins of all femora without serration and chalazae (Figs 85, 86, 101 – 103); (vii) outer margin of midfemur without apical projection (Fig. 102); (viii) abdominal tergal paired projections V – IX blunt or pointed (Figs 87, 107); such projections on terga V – VIII sometimes bifurcated apically (Fig. 88), especially on material from Nepal; (ix) tarsal claw with 3 – 5 denticles (Figs 105, 106).	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5072FFA356DBDFFBCF855C04.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nepal (Braasch 1981) and India (new data) (Fig. 153). Habitat. Cold, fast flowing streams with cobbles and gravel.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5072FFA356DBDFFBCF855C04.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cincticostella braaschi is redescribed here based on the holotype from Nepal and additional specimens from India, because the larva was only briefly treated in its initial description by Braasch (1981) (as Ephemerella serrata). Our material represents the first records from India. The slide of the holotype has only two pairs of legs (Figs 85, 86). One of these was illustrated partially by Braasch (fig. 2 in Braasch 1981: 86) and apparently erroneously labeled as the midfemur. This figure (with modifications) was reproduced in Xie et al. (2009: 60, fig. 28). Investigation of intact C. braaschi specimens from India (Fig. 103) showed that Braasch (1981) must have illustrated the hind femur. The outer margin of the middle femur has shallow serration (Fig. 102), in contrast to the strong serration of the hind femur (Figs 86, 103). Also the outer margin of the middle femur is without any apical projection (Fig. 102), in contrast to the hind femur, which has a distinct apical projection (Figs 86, 103). The holotype from Nepal has bifurcation notches on the paired projections of terga V – VIII (Fig. 88), but these notches are apparently absent from specimens collected in India.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5072FFA356DBDFFBCF855C04.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. NEPAL: Holotype: larva on slide, Himalaya, Trisuli Khola, before Dhunche, h ~ 1950 m a. s. l., 30. iv. 1978, leg. I. Sivec — SMNS, Stuttgart, Germany. Other material examined. INDIA: 6 larvae, Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Subansiri District, Talle Valley, 27.537201 N, 93.959883 E, h ~ 2370 m a. s. l., 14 - IV- 2015, K. A. Subramanian — Reg. No. 5574 / H 13.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFA356DBDA7ECF13595E.taxon	description	(Fig. 112)	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFA356DBDA7ECF13595E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larvae of C. bifurcata are similar to C. braaschi (see above) and C. femorata because of their significantly flattened bodies, legs and large projections on the pronotum and mesonotum. Cincticostella bifurcata can be distinguished from C. femorata, C. braaschi and other representatives of the insolta complex by the following combination of characters: (i) genae are moderately developed; (ii) anterolateral angles of pronotum with projections directed forward and laterally; (iii) projections of mesothorax not notched; (iv) forefemur without distinct serration along inner and outer margins (only few short marginal protuberances or chalazae can be seen); (v) dorsal surface of forefemur usually with few protuberances or chalazae; (vi) middle and hind femora distinctly flattened; (vii) outer margin of middle femur with a well-developed apical projection; (viii) outer margins of mid- and hindfemora with shallow serration; (ix) inner margins of mid- and hindfemora without serration; (x) abdominal terga V – VIII with distinctly bifurcate projections; (xi) tarsal claw with 2 denticles, basal one larger than distal one.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFA356DBDA7ECF13595E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Reported from three widespread localities in mainland China (Xie et al. 2009) and India (new data) (Fig. 153). Habitat. Cold, fast-flowing streams with cobble and gravel.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFA356DBDA7ECF13595E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The larva was adequately described from China by Xie et al. (2009), and our records represent the first report from India. Adult stages remain unknown.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFA356DBDA7ECF13595E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: 3 larvae, Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Subansiri District, Talle Valley, 27.537201 N, 93.959883 E, h ~ 2370 m a. s. l., 14. iv. 2015, K. A. Subramanian — Reg. No. 5578 / H 13.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFAE56DBDFBBC9BC5E75.taxon	description	(Figs 119 – 146)	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFAE56DBDFBBC9BC5E75.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Cincticostella species by the following combination of characters: (i) genae moderately developed (Fig. 120); (ii) anterolateral angles of pronotum with projections directed forward and laterally, posterolateral angles of pronotum with projections directed backward and laterally (Figs 119, 122); (iii) anterolateral projections of mesothorax notched (Figs 119, 121, 122); (iv) inner margin of forefemur bears 1 – 3 large chalazae and outer margin 1 – 5 small chalazae (Figs 119, 133, 136); (v) dorsal surface of forefemur with up to 4 knob-like projections or chalazae, each bearing a stout seta (Fig. 139); (vi) mid- and hindfemora moderately flattened (Figs 134, 135, 137, 138); (vii) inner and outer margins of mid- and hindfemora with serration (with greater development on inner margin) (Figs 134, 135, 137, 138); (viii) middle femur with moderate, apical projection (Figs 134, 137); (ix) paired abdominal tergal projections without bifurcation (Fig. 132); (x) posterolateral projections of abdominal segment IX narrow and pressed against segment X (Figs 119, 132); (xi) claws each with 3 – 5 denticles, one of them distinctly larger (Figs 140 – 142).	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFAE56DBDFBBC9BC5E75.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern Thailand (Allen 1971, Jacobus & McCafferty 2008, Ogden et al. 2009, new data), mainland China (Xie et al. 2009), Nepal (new data) and northern India (new data) (Fig. 153). Habitat. Cold, fast-flowing streams and rivers. Larvae appear to prefer pebbles, detritus, leaf litter and roots as substrate.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFAE56DBDFBBC9BC5E75.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The serration of femora appears to be variable. The inner margin of the forefemur bears 1 – 3 large chalazae (Figs 119, 133, 136, 139 herein; Allen 1971: fig. 12). Serration of the mid- and hindfemora of our specimens from India and Nepal is less developed than in most specimens from Thailand (Figs 134, 135, 137, 138), but some specimens from Thailand also have the lesser developed serration. All other characters appear to be relatively consistent both between and among populations. Allen (1971) indicated “ maxillary palpi absent or reduced to a single segment ” (see Allen 1971: fig. 4) for this species. However, we note that all newly reported larvae collected near the type locality and paratypes examined have developed, 3 - segmented, maxillary palps (Figs 129, 130), as in other known representatives of this species complex. The same observation was made for specimens from Nepal and India. Adult stages are unknown. This species is recorded by us for the first time for India and Nepal.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E5075FFAE56DBDFBBC9BC5E75.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. PARATYPES: THAILAND: 9 larvae, Chiengmai Province, small stream and waterfalls, Doi Sutep, west of Chiengmai, 2 - XII- 1964, W. L. & J. G. Peters — PERC- 0064028, PERC- 0064029. Other material examined. INDIA: 12 larvae, Uttarakhand, Almora District, 2 - nd left tributary of the river Ramganga-left (in Dwarahat forest, 10.1 km North-Eastwards of the Chaukhutia town), 29.925608 N, 79.445983 E, h ~ 1200 m a. s. l., 2 - II- 2011, D. M. Palatov — IN Indi 1 Cinins; 5 larvae, Uttarakhand, Nainital district, Garkkhetgatkhera River (opposite to the Duniakhan pass), 29.450797 N, 79.374053 E, h ~ 1350 m a. s. l., 22 - I- 2013, M. V. Chertoprud — IN Indi 3 Cinins. NEPAL: 3 larvae (one larva in slide number 663), Bagmati zone, Kavrepalanchok District. Chandeswori Khola River (1.5 km North-Eastwards of the Banepa village), 27.642333 N, 85.544033 E, h ~ 1500 m a. s. l., 5 - III- 2007, M. V. Chertoprud — IN Nepa 11 Cinins. THAILAND: 2 larvae, Chiang Mai Province, Chom Thong District, stream — left tributary of the Klang Phat River, 1 km above highway of Doi Inthanon National Park), 18.558022 N, 98.557031 E, h ~ 1130 m a. s. l., 17 - XI- 2009, D. M. Palatov and M. V. Chertoprud — IN Thai 5 Cinins; 1 larva, Chiang Mai Province, Chom Thong District, Klang River below mouth of the Si Ri Phum River, 18.537686 N, 98.526939 E, h ~ 1250 m a. s. l., 21 - XI- 2009, D. M. Palatov and M. V. Chertoprud M. V. — IN Thai 7 Cinins; 3 larvae, Chiang Mai Province, Chom Thong District, stream — main source of the Klang Phat River, 18.577542 N, 98.527056 E, h ~ 1370 m a. s. l., 18 - XI- 2009, D. M. Palatov and M. V. Chertoprud — IN Thai 10 Cinins; 1 larva (slide number 664), Chiang Mai Province, Chom Thong District, river flows through the Siriphum Botanic garden, 18.546739 N, 98.514842 E, h ~ 1340 m a. s. l., 19 - XI- 2009, D. M. Palatov and M. V. Chertoprud — IN Thai 21 Cinins.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E507CFFAB56DBD98EC8A15E97.taxon	description	(Figs 113 – 118)	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E507CFFAB56DBD98EC8A15E97.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Larvae of C. femorata can be distinguished from other representatives of the insolta complex by the following combination of characters: (i) head with large genae (Figs 113, 114); (ii) body, especially mid- and hindfemora, significantly flattened (Figs 113, 117, 118); (iii) projections of pronotum large, directed forward (Figs 113, 115); (iv) projections of mesothorax not notched (Figs 113, 115); (v) inner margin of forefemur without large projections or chalazae (only occasionally with one or two small chalazae) (Fig. 116); (vi) outer margins of mid- and hindfemora strongly serrated (Figs 113, 117, 118); (vii) inner margins of mid- and hindfemora without serration (Figs 117, 118); (viii) outer margin of middle femur with well-developed apical projection (Fig. 117); (ix) paired abdominal tergal projections without bifurcation.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E507CFFAB56DBD98EC8A15E97.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern parts of Vietnam (Tshernova 1972) and Thailand (Gose 1969, Jacobus et al. 2005, Jacobus & McCafferty 2008, new data), and southern part of mainland China (Xie et al. 2009) (Fig. 153). Habitat. Cold, st flowing streams and rivers. Larvae appear to prefer pebble, detritus, leaf litter and roots as substrate.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E507CFFAB56DBD98EC8A15E97.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The larva of this species was described in detail by Gose (1969) and Tshernova (1972). We illustrate the main distinguishing characters of the species (Figs 113 – 118) for comparative purposes.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
039E000E507CFFAB56DBD98EC8A15E97.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. THAILAND: 1 larva (slide number 622), Chiang Mai Province, Chom Thong District, river flows at the Siriphum Botanic garden, above 1.5 km the Botanical garden, 18.543444 N, 98.501811 E, h ~ 1670 m a. s. l., 19 - XI- 2009, D. M. Palatov and M. V. Chertoprud — IN Thai 9 Cinfem; 1 larva, Chiang Mai Province, Chom Thong District, stream — main source of the Klang Phat River, 18.577542 N, 98.527056 E, h ~ 1370 m a. s. l., 18 - XI- 2009, D. M. Palatov D. M. and M. V. Chertoprud — IN Thai 10 Cinfem.	en	Martynov, Alexander V., Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Chandra, Kailash, Palatov, Dmitry M., Sinha, Bikramjit, Jacobus, Luke M. (2019): Review of the Cincticostella insolta (Allen, 1971) complex (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of three new species from northern India and Nepal. Zootaxa 4551 (2): 147-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.2
