taxonID	type	description	language	source
039F87A15465B512FF2C338B5BEA07A1.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Monomalpha gratiosa Emeljanov, 2000, by original designation. Morphology. Body length: ♂ 4.3 – 4.8 mm; ♀ 4.2 – 5.5 mm. Head: Vertex about as long as wide or slightly wider than long with the exception of M. stenocara (1.4 x longer than wide); vertex divided into apical and subapical compartment by subapical carina; apical carina deeply u-shaped. Apical transverse carina merged with raised (in relief) area ventrally of apical transverse carina on top of head. Frons invisible in dorsal view. Frons about as long as wide or longer than wide. Maximum width of frons no more than twice apical width (only in M. stenocara about twice apical width); position of maximum width distinctly dorsad of centre of frontoclypeal suture. Median carina of frons complete. Lateral carinae of frons slightly elevated, foliaceous, slightly to moderately extending laterally, concealing base of antennae. Median ocellus of frons absent. Rostrum surpassing hind coxae and reaching or just not reaching hind femura. Subapical segment of rostrum less than twice as long as apical segment. Thorax: Pronotum with median carina moderately to well developed; pronotum about the same length in middle as laterally; submedian carinae running parallel to eyes. Mesonotum with well-developed lateral carinae; median carina well developed near anterior margin, evanescent near posterior margin. Forewings moderately tectiform; surpassing tip of abdomen; widest around apex of clavus; concavity at costal border absent; no tubercles in cells at apex of wing, only along veins; tubercles in pterostigma scattered; ScP + R + M forming a very long common stem distad of basal cell; fork of ScP + RA and RP distinctly basad (far away) of fork CuA 1 and CuA 2; fork of CuA 1 and CuA 2 in apical half of forewing; icu, where it inserts at CuP, distinctly distad of apex of clavus; RA apically unforked; MP 3 + 4 unforked; nodus of y-vein more or less central within clavus. Hind leg: tibia with 6 apical spines (grouped in two groups with a small to large gap in between, or grouped without distinct gap), outermost spine the largest followed by two shorter spines that appear retracted (forming a second row), innermost three spines on same row as outermost spine, with middle spine of the three slightly shorter than the others; 1 st tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae; 2 nd tarsomere 6 – 7 apical teeth and no platellae but with up to 3 very fine setae (= subapical setae). Male genitalia: Phallotheca very wide at base, narrow in middle section; with 2 – 4 spines of varying length, some of which can be bifurcate; bifurcate ventral process absent (M. fletcheri and M. stenocara) or rudimentary (M. gratiosa). Female genitalia: Segment IX truncate, with rounded edges, with a concave disc bearing a slightly to moderately elevated dividing wall running from ovipositor to anal tube, waxplate absent. Ovipositor very long, sabreshaped, slightly curved upwards, protruding much further than anal style (Fig. 1). Anal tube in M. gratiosa very short, widening towards apex, in M. fletcheri slightly longer, slightly widening or same width throughout. Anal style long (as long or longer than dorsal length of anal tube), slightly to much longer (up to twice as long) than remainder of 11 th segment.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15465B512FF2C338B5BEA07A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Monomalpha is endemic to Australia and can be distinguished from all other Australian Cixiidae by the following combination of characters: apex of head with two transverse carinae; apical transverse carina of vertex deeply u-shaped (Figs 3 E, 4 D, 7 D); apical transverse carina merged with raised (in relief) area ventrally of apical transverse carina (Figs 4 C, 5 D); forewings with tubercles only along veins (not within cells in apical third of wing); median carina of frons unforked (Fig. 4 C); frons without median ocellus; second hind tarsomere without platellae, but with three or fewer very fine setae (Figs 3 F, 6 E); fork of CuA 1 and CuA 2 in apical half of forewing (Figs 3 A, 5 A, 5 B).	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15465B512FF2C338B5BEA07A1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The original description of the genus (Emeljanov 2000) mentions the following characters: second hind tarsomere with the four inner teeth bearing thin subapical setae; forewing with M [MP according to Bourgoin et al. 2015 terminology] five-pointed, with 3 MA branches [MP 1 + 2 according to Bourgoin et al. 2015 terminology] or only two-pointed (in the type species); short stalk ScRM [stalk ScP + R + M according to Bourgoin et al. 2015 terminology] present. Examination of the holotype, paratypes (those that were available for examination) and other material examined, revealed only up to 3 subapical setae (= very fine setae) on the second tarsomere and only up to 3 MP branches (MP 1 + 2 bifurcate or unforked, MP 3 + 4 unforked) and compared to most Cixiidae ScP + R + M forms a rather long stem in Monomalpha.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15465B512FF2C338B5BEA07A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australia (Qld, NSW including Lord Howe Island).	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15463B51EFF2C34AA5A2D0681.taxon	description	(Figs 1 B-F, 3, 9, 13 A)	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15463B51EFF2C34AA5A2D0681.taxon	description	Notes: Three additional paratypes (2 ♂ and 1 ♀) from Lord Howe Island are listed in the original description as being deposited in the ASCU collection but have not yet been returned to that collection and were therefore not available for examination.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15463B51EFF2C34AA5A2D0681.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined. AUSTRALIA, NSW: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, Northern Slope of Mt Lidg- bird, swept from grass and shrubs, 13. ix. 1975 (K. J. Lambkin) (QM); 1 ♂, Lord Howe Island, Southern face of Mt Lidgbird, at base of summit tabletop, 31.34.37 S 159.05.04 E, beating, ex Cyathea robusta, 26. xi. 2000 (P. Fle- mons & J. Tarnawski) (AMS); 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, 30. x. 1991 (G. R. Brown) (ASCTHE 016986 ASCU); 1 ♀, same data except for 25. vii. 1991 (L. Wilson) (ASCTHE 017006 ASCU); 1 ♀, same data except for Palm Nursery, 13. viii. 1991 (L. Wilson) (ASCT 00179992 ASCU); 2 ♂, 4 ♀, Lord Howe Island, ex malaise trap, 6. vii. 1992 (G. R. Brown) (♂ ASCT 00180149, ASCT 00180150, ♀ ASCT 00191503 - ASCT 00191506 ASCU); 1 ♂, same data except for 20. viii. 1992 (ASCTHE 007746 ASCU); 4 ♂, 3 ♀, Lord Howe Island, ex UV light, 18. vi. 1991 (G. Brown) (♂ ASCT 00191507, ASCT 00180013, ASCT 00191509, ASCTHE 031056; ♀ ASCT 00216149 - ASCT 00216151 ASCU); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same data except for 18. ix. 1991 (♂ ASCT 00180147, ASCT 00180148; ♀ ASCT 00180038 ASCU); 2 ♀, same data except for 24. ix. 1991 (ASCT 00216152, ASCT 00216152 ASCU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data except for 12. vii. 1991 (L. Wilson) (♂ ASCT 00180152; ♀ ASCT 00180010 ASCU); 1 ♀, same data except for 2. vii. 1991 (AS- CTHE 016991 ASCU); 1 ♀, same data except for 1. viii. 1991 (ASCT 00180026 ASCU); 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, “ Get Up Place ” trail to Mt Gower, 31.34.58 S 159.04.52 E, ex Elaeocarpus costatus, beating, 28. xi. 2000 (C. Reid & H. Smith) (AMS); 3 ♀, same data except for ex Cassinia tenuifolia (AMS); 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, Mt Gower, bottom of ridge N of igloo, 31.35.05 S 159.04.34 E, yellow pan trap, 17. xi. 2001 (C. Reid & P. Flemons) (AMS); 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, Mt Gower walking trail, 31.35.08 S 159.04.45 E, ex Bubbia howeana, beating, 28. xi. 2000 (M. Elliott & N. Plunkett-Cole) (AMS); 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, North Hummock (trail to Intermediate Hill), 31.32.54 S 159.04.58 E, ex Drypetes deplanchei, beating, 3. xii. 2000 (P. Flemons, J. Tarnawski) (AMS); 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, Mt Gower Summit, nr lookout, 31.35 S 159.04 E (AMS); 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, Mt Gower summit, 31.35.15 S 159.04.27 E, 850 m, ex Cyathea sp., 5. xii. 2000 (C. Reid) (AMS); 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, NE Slope of Mt Gower, 15. ix. 1975 (K. J. Lambkin) (QM); 1 ♀, Lord Howe Island, Mt Eliza-Pulpit Rock Area, swept in grass and ferns, 14. ix. 1975 (K. J. Lambkin) (QM). Colour. Head, thorax including legs and abdomen light brown, sometimes pronotum slightly paler, tergites sometimes slightly darker. Forewings light brown, tubercles and veins concolorous with cells or slightly darker (crossveins and some sections of longitudinal veins sometimes darker). Legs light brown. Abdomen mid brown. Morphology. Body length: ♂ 4.3 – 4.8 mm; ♀ 4.2 – 5.0 mm. Head: Vertex 0.8 – 1.0 x as long as wide; slightly wider at base than at apical carina or about the same; subapical carina v- or u- shaped; lateral carinae slightly elevated; median carina of vertex covering 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of entire length of basal compartment, carina sometimes engraved into disc instead of elevated; angle formed by caudal border of vertex more or less rectangle or acute. In dorsal view head including eyes slightly narrower than pronotum. Frons 0.9 – 1.2 x as long as wide; maximum width of frons no more than twice apical width; median carina on frons complete, weakly developed; lateral carinae of frons in facial view convex, rectilinear apically. Frontoclypeal suture strongly semicircular, bent upwards, median part just reaching lower margin of antennal scape. Postclypeus with weakly developed or evanescent median carina and well developed or evanescent lateral carinae. Anteclypeus with weakly developed or evanescent median and lateral carinae. Median carina on anteclypeus slightly higher elevated than on postclypeus, or about the same. Thorax: Hind margin of pronotum acutely angled. Forewing 3.1 – 3.3 x longer than wide; costal margin with 25 – 28 tubercles; tubercles of forewing concolorous with veins in most areas, slightly in contrast with paler coloured veins near apex of forewing; crossvein r-m 1 distinctly basad of fork MP 1 + 2 and MP 3 + 4; transverse veinlet m-cu 1, where it inserts at CuA, distinctly basad of transverse veinlet r-m 1; transverse veinlet m-cu 1, where it inserts at MP 3 + 4, distinctly basad of transverse veinlet r-m 1; icu, where it inserts at CuA, slightly distad of or at same level as apex of clavus; RP bifid; additional subapical cell between branches of RP absent; MP 1 + 2 bifid, rarely unforked; CuA 1 apically unforked; CuA 2 bifid; crossvein m-cu 2 (delimiting subapical cell C 4) more or less at same level as crossvein icua (delimiting subapical cell C 5); subapical cell C 5 moderately or distinctly longer than subapical cell C 4. Hind leg: tibia with 1 – 4 small to large lateral spines and 6 apical spines, spines grouped in sets of 3 spines, without a distinct gap; 1 st tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae, fourth tooth (counted from outside) shorter (= protruding less far towards second hind tarsomere) than third tooth; 2 nd tarsomere with 6 (rarely 7) apical teeth, no platellae but up to 3 very fine setae. Male genitalia: Anal tube as in Figs 9 D-E. Pygofer and genital styles as in Figs 9 F-G. Aedeagus (Figs 9 A-C): Phallotheca dorsally with two short spines (a) and (b); left laterally with a long spine (c) and a medium sized spine (d); right laterally with a long, in ventral view slightly s-shaped spine (e). Phallotheca with a slightly sclerotised, ventral ridge, ending in two small, pointed processes far apart from each other. Flagellum without spines.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15463B51EFF2C34AA5A2D0681.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species shares the arrangement of teeth on the 1 st hind tarsomere with M. gratiosa: the fourth tooth (counted from outside) is shorter (= protruding less far towards second hind tarsomere) than the third tooth (Figs 3 F, 5 F). Emeljanov (2000) fittingly calls this character state: “ … of which the distinctly shorter second and fourth teeth belong to the second row. ” Monomalpha fletcheri, however, can be distinguished from M. gratiosa by the distribution (Lord Howe Island for the former, eastern mainland Australia for the latter), by the proportions of the frons (M. fletcheri: frons about as long as wide in widest part; M. gratiosa: frons at least 1.5 x longer than wide in widest part) (Emeljanov 2000), by the distinction of the carinae on the frons (carinae sharper in M. gratiosa) (Emeljanov 2000), the shape of the male genital styles (apical portion deeply emarginate in M. fletcheri, very shallowly emarginate in M. gratiosa) and the forking of MP 1 + 2 in the forewing (unforked in M. gratiosa; mostly bifid, rarely unforked in M. fletcheri). For details on how to separate this species from M. stenocara see Diagnosis section of M. stenocara.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15463B51EFF2C34AA5A2D0681.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A further three males resembled M. fletcheri, but showed some differences in the length and curvature of the spines on the aedeagus. Because all three specimens are abnormally pale coloured, and one of them shows signs of being parasitised by a dryinid wasp, these differences are considered to be aberrations until further material proves otherwise. These males, collected at Lord Howe Island, are located at the AMS.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15463B51EFF2C34AA5A2D0681.taxon	distribution	Distribution: NSW (endemic to Lord Howe Island). Associated plant records: Bubbia howeana, Cassinia tenuifolia, Drypetes deplanchei, Elaeocarpus costatus, Sphaeropteris robusta, Sphaeropteris sp.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546FB51DFF2C35535B1E06ED.taxon	description	(Figs 1 A, 4, 5, 10, 13 A)	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546FB51DFF2C35535B1E06ED.taxon	materials_examined	Other material examined. AUSTRALIA, Qld: 1 ♂, Mt Glorious State Forest, subtropical rainforest, ex Argyrodendron actinophyllum Edlin, 22. - 29. v. 1986 (Y. Basset) (ASCU ASCTHE 016789); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Buhot Ck, Burbank, 27 º 35.5 ’ S 153 º 10.3 ’ E, 50 m, sweeping, riparian forest, 30. iv. 2003 (E. Volschenk) (QM); 1 ♀, [Lamington] National P [ar] k, 25. x. 1923 (H. Hacker) (QM); 1 ♀ Bald Mountain area, 153 º 23 ’ E 28 º 16 ’ S, 20 - 21. xi. 1980 (M. A. Schneider & G. Daniels) (QM, formerly UQIC, UQIC reg # 55228); 1 ♀, Eungella, Central Qld, 10. viii. 1962 (T. E. Woodward) (QM, formerly UQIC, UQIC reg # 55186); 1 ♀, Cunningham’s Gap, rainforest, 700 - 750 m, 20 - 30. xi. 1963 (J. L. Gres- sitt) (BPBM); 1 ♀, Plateau Killarney, 4. xi. 1932 (H. Hacker) (BMNH); 1 ♀, Mt. Glorious SE Qld, rainforest, malaise trap, 13. - 16. ii. 1961 (J. L. Gressitt) (BPBM). Colour. Head light, mid or dark brown with paler carinae. Pronotum light brown, mesonotum mid brown, carinae concolorous. Forewings light brown, rarely with a band of dark markings near midlength of forewing; veins concolorous with cells apart from some crossveins and sections of longitudinal veins darker; tubercles darker, distinctly in contrast with veins. Legs light brown. Abdomen mid to dark brown.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546FB51DFF2C35535B1E06ED.taxon	description	Morphology. Body length: ♂ 4.3 – 4.6 mm; ♀ 4.9 – 5.5 mm. Head: Vertex 1.0 – 1.1 x as long as wide; slightly wider at base than at apical carina or about the same; subapical carina u-shaped; lateral carinae strongly elevated; median carina of vertex covering about 1 / 6 of entire length of basal compartment; angle formed by caudal border of vertex acute. In dorsal view head including eyes slightly narrower than pronotum. Frons 1.5 – 1.6 x longer than wide; maximum width of frons no more than twice apical width; median carina on frons complete, well developed; lateral carinae of frons in facial view sinuate, slightly s-shaped. Frontoclypeal suture slightly semicircular, bent upwards, median part not reaching lower margin of antennal scape. Postclypeus with weakly or well developed median carina and well developed lateral carinae. Anteclypeus with well-developed median carina; lateral carinae evanescent or absent. Median carina on anteclypeus about as highly elevated than on postclypeus. Thorax: Hind margin of pronotum rectangular, obtusely or acutely angled. Costal margin of forewing with 19 – 20 tubercles; crossvein r-m 1 distinctly basad of fork MP 1 + 2 and MP 3 + 4; tubercles of forewing dark, distinctly in contrast with paler coloured veins; transverse veinlet m-cu 1, where it inserts at CuA, distinctly basad of transverse veinlet r-m 1; transverse veinlet m-cu 1, where it inserts at MP 3 + 4, distinctly basad of transverse veinlet r-m 1; icu, where it inserts at CuA, distinctly distad of apex of clavus; RP apically unforked; MP 1 + 2 unforked. Hind leg: tibia with 2 – 3 small to large lateral spines and 6 apical spines; 1 st tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae, fourth tooth (counted from outside) shorter (= protruding less far towards second hind tarsomere) than third tooth; 2 nd tarsomere with 6 apical teeth, no platellae and up to 3 very fine setae. Male genitalia: Anal tube as in Figs 10 C-D. Pygofer and genital styles as in Figs 10 E-F. Aedeagus (Figs 10 A- B): Phallotheca left laterally with a curved spine (a); ventrally with a long ridge, covering almost the entire length of the phallotheca and giving rise to a curved spine (b); right laterally with two long spines (c) and (d). Phallotheca with a slightly sclerotised, ventral ridge, ending in two small, pointed processes in close proximity to each other. Flagellum without spines.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546FB51DFF2C35535B1E06ED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all other species of Monomalpha by a combination of two characters: narrow frons (Figs 4 C, 5 D) and 1 st hind tarsomere with apical teeth arranged in two rows (second and fourth tooth from outside shorter) (Fig. 5 F). For further details see Diagnosis sections of M. fletcheri and M. stenocara.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546FB51DFF2C35535B1E06ED.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has been described from a single female specimen. In the material examined during this project, several specimens that match the chaetotaxy of M. gratiosa were collected in a region (southern Qld) close to the type locality (northern NSW). Colouration seems to vary a fair bit within this species, however, some specimens clearly show the crossband on the fore wing described by Emeljanov (2000). The only other Monomalpha species with the same chaetotaxy is M. fletcheri, but due to differences in distribution (M. fletcheri: Lord Howe Island; M. gratiosa: mainland Australia near the Qld / NSW border) (Fig. 13 A), width / carination of frons and wing venation, these species can be distinguished. Based on the reasons stated above these specimens are assumed to be conspecific with M. gratiosa. This means male specimens are presented for this species for the first time.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546FB51DFF2C35535B1E06ED.taxon	distribution	Distribution: NSW (mainland), Qld. Associated plant records: Argyrodendron actinophyllum.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546CB51AFF2C32A059D607A1.taxon	description	(Figs 6, 11, 13 A) Zoobank registration: http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 11 A 1 BBE 1 - 0 F 51 - 41 B 7 - 9401 - 6 EE 238 ADCCC 9 Types. Holotype, 1 ♂, AUSTRALIA, Qld: GS 2 Mt Edith, 17.06 S 147.37 E, 1050 m, malaise trap, 29. ix. - 31. x. 1995 (L. Umback) (ANIC 20 011168).	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546CB51AFF2C32A059D607A1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Greek term ‘ stenos’ means ‘ narrow’ and ‘ kara’ means ‘ head’, ‘ face’. Named after the narrow head (vertex and frons). Colour. Head light brown apart from slightly darker areas in apical compartment of vertex and in the smooth, raised area between vertex and frons. Pronotum light brown, mesonotum mid brown. Forewings light brown, tubercles and veins concolorous with cells or slightly darker (crossveins and some sections of longitudinal veins sometimes darker). Legs light brown. Abdomen mid brown. Morphology. Body length: ♂ 4.6 mm. Head: Vertex 1.4 x longer than wide; distinctly wider at base than at apical carina; subapical carina v-shaped; lateral carinae strongly elevated; median carina of vertex covering about 3 / 4 of entire length of basal compartment; angle formed by caudal border of vertex more or less rectangle. In dorsal view head including eyes distinctly narrower than pronotum. Frons 1.5 x longer than wide; maximum width of frons about twice apical width, steadily broadening; median carina on frons complete, moderately developed; lateral carinae of frons in facial view sinuate, slightly s-shaped. Frontoclypeal suture slightly semicircular, bent upwards, median part not reaching lower margin of antennal scape. Postclypeus with well-developed median and lateral carinae. Anteclypeus with weakly developed median carina; lateral carinae absent. Median carina on anteclypeus about as highly elevated as on postclypeus. Thorax: Hind margin of pronotum obtusely angled. Forewing 3.3 x longer than wide; costal margin with 22 – 25 tubercles; crossvein r-m 1 distinctly basad of or at same level as fork MP 1 + 2 and MP 3 + 4; tubercles of forewing concolorous with veins or slightly in contrast with paler coloured veins; transverse veinlet m-cu 1, where it inserts at CuA, distinctly distad of transverse veinlet r-m 1; transverse veinlet m-cu 1, where it inserts at MP 3 + 4, distinctly distad of transverse veinlet r-m 1; icu, where it inserts at CuA, distinctly distad of apex of clavus; RP bifid; additional subapical cell between branches of RP present; MP 1 + 2 bifid; CuA 1 and CuA 2 apically unforked; CuA 1 and CuA 2 apically unforked; crossvein m-cu 2 (delimiting subapical cell C 4) distinctly distad of crossvein icua (delimiting subapical cell C 5); subapical cell C 5 about the same length as subapical cell C 4. Hind leg: tibia with 3 small to large lateral spines and 6 apical spines; 1 st tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae, fourth tooth (counted from the outer side) longer (= protruding further towards second hind tarsomere) than third tooth; 2 nd tarsomere with 7 apical teeth, no platellae but 3 very fine setae. Male genitalia: Anal tube as in Figs 11 C-D. Pygofer and genital styles as in Figs 11 E-F. Aedeagus (Figs 11 A- B): Phallotheca dorsally with a short spine (a) and ventrally with a long, curved, bifurcate spine (b). Phallotheca ventrally with a slightly sclerotised ventral ridge near base. Flagellum without spines.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546CB51AFF2C32A059D607A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Just like M. gratiosa this species occurs in Queensland. However, M. stenocara is hitherto only recorded from northern Queensland, whereas M. gratiosa inhabits southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. Monomalpha stenocara can be separated from the other two species in Monomalpha by the arrangement of apical teeth on the 1 st hind tarsomere. In M. gratiosa and M. fletcheri the apical teeth seem to be arranged in two rows, with the fourth tooth (counted from outside) shorter (= protruding less far towards second hind tarsomere) than the third tooth (Figs 3 F, 5 F). In M. stenocara all spines are arranged in one row with the fourth tooth (counted from the outer side) longer (= protruding further towards second hind tarsomere) than the third tooth (Fig. 6 E). Further, M. stenocara has 7 apical teeth on the 2 nd hind tarsomere (Fig. 6 E) whereas the two other species usually have 6 apical teeth (rarely 7).	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546CB51AFF2C32A059D607A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Qld.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546AB518FF2C377859D4033C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Latissima isleyensis Löcker, sp. nov.; by present designation and monotypy.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546AB518FF2C377859D4033C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The latin term ‘ latissima’ means widest. In this genus the widest part of the frons lies ventral of the frontoclypeal suture. Gender: feminine. Morphology. Head: Vertex divided into apical and subapical compartment by subapical carina; apical carina deeply u-shaped. Frons invisible in dorsal view. Position of maximum width of frons distinctly ventrad of centre of frontoclypeal suture. Median carina of frons complete. Lateral carinae of frons slightly elevated, foliaceous, moderately extending laterally, concealing base of antennae. Median ocellus of frons absent. Rostrum surpassing hind coxae, just reaching hind femura. Subapical segment of rostrum less than twice as long as apical segment. Thorax: Pronotum with median carina well developed; pronotum about the same length in middle as laterally; submedian carinae running more or less parallel to eyes. Mesonotum with well-developed lateral carinae; median carina well developed near anterior margin, evanescent near posterior margin. Forewings moderately tectiform; surpassing tip of abdomen; widest at around apex of clavus; concavity at costal border absent; no tubercles in cells at apex of wing, only along veins; tubercles in pterostigma scattered; ScP + R + M forming a short common stem distad of basal cell; fork of ScP + RA and RP distinctly basad of fork CuA 1 and CuA 2; fork of CuA 1 and CuA 2 in basal half of forewing; icu, where it inserts at CuP, distinctly distad of apex of clavus; RA apically unforked; MP 3 + 4 unforked or bifid; nodus of y-vein more or less central within clavus. Hind leg: tibia with 6 apical spines (grouped in two groups with a small to medium sized gap in between), outermost spine the largest followed by two shorter spines that appear retracted (forming a second row), innermost three spines on same row as outermost spine, with middle spine of the group of three slightly shorter than the others.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546AB518FF2C377859D4033C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Latissima is endemic to Australia and can be separated from all other Australian Cixiidae by a combination of the following characters: Position of maximum width of frons distinctly ventrad of centre of frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 7 C); median carina of frons unforked (Fig. 7 C); frons without median ocellus; apex of head with two transverse carinae (Figs 7 B, 7 D); apical transverse carina of vertex deeply u-shaped; second hind tarsomere without platellae, but with three or fewer very fine setae (Fig. 7 E).	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A1546AB518FF2C377859D4033C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Qld.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15469B506FF2C37CF59D60471.taxon	description	(Figs 2, 7, 8, 12, 13 B) Zoobank registration: http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 5 FE 89468 - E 939 - 4 D 23 - 85 D 6 - 8 C 182 F 12 E 38 D Types. Holotype, 1 ♂, AUSTRALIA, Qld: Isley Hills, 17.03 S 145.42 E, 1050 m, pyrethrum, trees & rocks, 30. xi. 1993 (Monteith & Janetzki) (QM T 246785). Paratypes, Qld: 1 ♂, Atherton, 19. viii. 1943 (R. V. Southcott) (SAMA); 2 ♀, Thornton Peak, via Daintree, N. Qld, 1100 - 1300 m, 24 - 27. ix. 1984 (G. B. & S. R. Monteith) (QM).	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15469B506FF2C37CF59D60471.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after Isley Hills, where the holotype was collected. Colour. Head and pronotum light brown (rarely mid brown). Mesonotum slightly darker. Forewings light brown, veins and tubercles concolorous with cells, slightly darker towards apex of forewing. Legs light brown, darker towards distal end of legs. Body mid to dark brown. Morphology. Body length: ♂ 5.7 – 5.8 mm; ♀ 5.4 – 5.6 mm. Head: Vertex 0.7 – 0.8 x as long as wide; slightly wider at base than at apical carina or about the same; subapical carina v- to u-shaped; lateral carinae slightly to moderately elevated; median carina of vertex covering 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of entire length of basal compartment; angle formed by caudal border of vertex obtuse. In dorsal view head including eyes slightly to moderately narrower than pronotum. Frons 0.8 x as long as wide; maximum width of frons no more than twice apical width; median carina on frons complete, moderately developed; lateral carinae of frons in facial view convex, rectilinear apically or sinuate, s-shaped. Frontoclypeal suture strongly semicircular, bent upwards, median part reaching and surpassing lower margin of antennal scape. Postclypeus with well-developed median carina and lateral carinae. Anteclypeus with weakly developed median carina; lateral carinae only present near frontoclypeal suture. Median carina on anteclypeus about as highly elevated than on postclypeus or less. Thorax: Hind margin of pronotum obtusely angled. Forewing 2.7 x longer than wide; costal margin with 28 – 33 tubercles; crossvein r-m 1 distinctly distad of or at same level as fork MP 1 + 2 and MP 3 + 4; tubercles of forewing concolorous with veins; transverse veinlet m-cu 1, where it inserts at CuA, distinctly basad of transverse veinlet r-m 1; transverse veinlet m-cu 1, where it inserts at MP 3 + 4, moderately basad of transverse veinlet r-m 1; icu, where it inserts at CuA, distinctly distad of apex of clavus; RP trifid; additional subapical cell between branches of RP present; MP 1 + 2 bifid or trifid; CuA 1 apically unforked or bifid; CuA 2 apically unforked; CuA 1 and CuA 2 apically unforked; crossvein m-cu 2 (delimiting subapical cell C 4) distinctly distad of crossvein icua (delimiting subapical cell C 5); subapical cell C 5 2 – 4 x longer than subapical cell C 4. Hind leg: tibia with 2 – 3 small to large lateral spines and 6 apical spines; 1 st tarsomere with 7 apical teeth and no platellae, fourth tooth (counted from the outer side) longer (= protruding further towards second hind tarsomere) than third tooth; 2 nd tarsomere with 7 apical teeth, no platellae, but 3 very fine setae. Male genitalia: Anal tube as in Figs 12 D-E. Pygofer and genital styles as in Figs 12 F-G. Aedeagus (Figs 12 A- C): Phallotheca dorsally with a strongly curved spine (a), forming a semicircle; ventrally with a very long, slightly curved spine (b); right laterally with a medium sized, slightly curved spine (c). Phallotheca ventrally with a bifurcate ventral process on a long stalk. Flagellum with a short, sclerotised spine. Female genitalia: Segment IX truncate, with a concave disc divided in half by a groove, waxplate absent. Ovi- positor very long, sabre-shaped, slightly curved upwards, protruding much further than anal style (Fig. 2). Anal tube long (about as long as wide), widening towards apex. Anal style long (about as long as dorsal length of anal tube), about twice as long as remainder of 11 th segment.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
039F87A15469B506FF2C37CF59D60471.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Qld.	en	Löcker, Birgit (2020): Revision of the Australian planthopper genus Monomalpha Emeljanov with the description of the new genus Latissima (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiini). Zootaxa 4858 (3): 375-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.3.4
