taxonID	type	description	language	source
039F87AF2475FF9EFDE7F832FA97F812.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Notonecta minutissima Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2475FF9EFDE7F832FA97F812.taxon	discussion	Comparative notes In Southeast Asia, only two genera of Micronectidae occur: Micronecta Kirkaldy, 1897 and Synaptonecta Lundblad, 1933. They are closely related, but there are significant structural differences between the two genera, as summarised by Wróblewski (1972 a), Nieser (2002 b), and Chen et al. (2005). The genus Micronecta can be recgonised by the following characterstics: the vertex is usually convex and rarely flattened; the pronotum is usually well-developed and convex; fore tibia and pala of the male are separated; the strigil on abdominal tergite VI is usually present; the apex of the membrane in the brachypterous morph is truncate or broadly rounded. The body of species of Micronecta is ovate or subparallel sided, with length between 1.0 and 4.4 mm. In contrast, Synaptonecta can easily be separated from the abundant Micronecta by the fusion of the fore tibia and pala in both sexes, the concave vertex, and the pointed apex of the membrane in the brachypterous morph (also see Wróblewski 1972 a; Chen et al. 2005). The body of species of Synaptonecta is ovate, with length between 1.8 and 2.6 mm. Remarks on the current subgeneric classification of Micronecta Kirkaldy, 1897 Several subgenera of Micronecta were established by Hutchinson (1940) and Wróblewski (1962, 1967). Hutchinson (1940) also introduced several species groups of Micronecta, recognised below the subgeneric rank, but this species group classification was hardly used by subsequent entomologists. However, many species were not formally assigned to any subgenera because they did not fit the definition of any subgenus (Štys & Jansson 1988; Nieser 2000; Tinerella 2008, 2013). In many cases, those species which do not fit any subgenus were just placed, although tentatively, into the nominate subgenus Micronecta (see Jansson 1995). This classification scheme was questioned by Tinerella (2008, 2013), but no resolution was made. Tinerella (2008, 2013) only attempted to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between micronectid genera occurring in New Guinea and Oceania. Nieser (2000, 2002 b), and Nieser & Chen (1999) refrained from using a subgeneric classification for the same reason, but subsquently Nieser et al. (2005) and Chen et al. (2015) used a subgeneric classification again, without clear explanation about the switch in their opinions. Nieser et al. (2005) even described a new subgenus, Unguinecta Nieser, Chen & Yang, 2005, to include several species. It is notable that several subgenera, e. g., Ctenonecta Wróblewski, 1962, Indonectella Hutchison, 1940, Lundbladella Wróblewski, 1967, and Pardanecta Wróblewski, 1962, were defined just based on only a few aberrant morphological features, which are potentially homoplasious (e. g., the shape of the palar claw of the male, the absence of a strigil in some subgenera, the shape of the free lobe of tergite VIII, or even the general morphology of the left paramere). On the other hand, the diversity of Micronecta is still poorly known; thus, the current taxonomy of Micronecta does not yet satisfactorily reflect natural relationships among subgeneric taxa. Our present paper illustrates this situation, with a high number of previously unknown species showing an aberrant morphology. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis is certainly needed for resolving the systematics of the genus Micronecta. However, this type of work requires extensive taxon sampling across the very large distribution range of Micronecta as a whole, together with sampling of relevant DNA sequence data. This is beyond the scope of our present study, but we hope it can be achieved in the future. While pending such comprehensive phylogenetic analyses, we perceive that the current subgeneric classification is still useful for the identification and comparative morphology of species of Micronecta, and to some extent it reflects the great diversification of the genus. Therefore, we indicate the subgeneric position of all species treated in the present paper, largely according to definitions of subgenera by Wróblewski (1962, 1967) and Nieser et al. (2005). Among the 11 recognised subgenera, Mesonecta Poisson, 1938 and Micronectella Lundblad, 1933 do not occur in Vietnam. We note that some species in this paper do not fit any currently defined subgenus, and are thus still not formally assigned, i. e., M. caperata sp. nov., M. tarsalis, and M. fugitans Breddin, 1905; and we treat them under the Incertae sedis section. To assist in the quick identification of Micronecta for readers who are not familiar with the subject, we collate and re-assess diagnostic features of all current subgenera and provide a key to them, as follows.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9FFD93FEFCFB3AFCF2.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Sigara scutellaris Stål, 1858, by original designation).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9FFD93FEFCFB3AFCF2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: palar claw narrow, usually nearly straight; strigil present; median lobe of sternite VII narrow, with angular apex; free lobe of tergite VIII with mesial angle obtusely rounded or obsolete; left paramere styliform; right paramere: shaft slender and distally curved (adapted from Hutchinson 1940).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9FFD93FEFCFB3AFCF2.taxon	discussion	Remarks Species of this subgenus occur in Africa, Madagascar, and Asia (Hutchinson 1940). There is still no formal checklist of species of Basileonecta as of yet. In Asia, there are three species, M. scutellaris (Stål, 1858), M. sedula Horváth, 1905, and M. siva (Kirkaldy, 1897); all are present in Vietnam.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9FFD9EFC96FDEDFAEF.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Micronecta jaczewskii Wróblewski, 1962, by monotypy).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9FFD9EFC96FDEDFAEF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: palar claw subovate, with deep lateral incision; middle tibia with combs of 25 or 29 short and thick, erect spines besides 10 – 11 longer setae; prestrigilar flap on segment V rounded, indistinct; strigil present; median lobe of sternite VII short, not extending beyond tergite VII, with two long setae; free lobe of tergite VIII sub-rectangular, posterior margin slightly concave, both angles obtuse; left paramere simple, styliform; right paramere strongly constricted apically (adapted from Wróblewski 1962).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9FFD9EFC96FDEDFAEF.taxon	discussion	Remarks This subgenus is monotypic.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9FFD96FA85FD60F8BE.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Sigara scholtzi Fieber, 1860, by original designation).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9FFD96FA85FD60F8BE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: palar claw not strongly widened apically; prestrigilar flap on segment V with an obtuse tip; strigil present; median lobe of sternite VII developed, with angular apex and one or two long setae; free lobe of tergite VIII widened distally, lateral angle produced; shaft of left paramere variable but not plate-like; right paramere: shaft slender and curved (adapted from Chen et al. 2015).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9FFD96FA85FD60F8BE.taxon	discussion	Remarks Species of Dichaetonecta occur in Africa, Madagascar, and Asia (Hutchinson 1940). There is still no formal checklist of species for this subgenus as yet. In Vietnam, there are five species: M. sahlbergi (Jakovlev, 1881), M. ludibunda Breddin, 1905, M. johorensis Fernando, 1964, M. decorata Lundblad, 1933, and M. desertana Distant, 1920.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9CFD9AF8D2FD96FD7A.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Micronecta thyesta Distant, 1910, by original designation).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9CFD9AF8D2FD96FD7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: palar claw narrow, straight, and slightly constricted before apex; prestrigilar flap on segment V broadly rounded; strigil absent; median lobe of sternite VII with angular apex, four long setae (see Hutchinson 1940: pl. V fig. 69); free lobe of tergite VIII subparallel sided, lateral angle acute, posterior margin concave; left paramere styliform, subapical part serrated; right paramere: shaft slender and distally curved (adapted from Hutchinson 1940).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2472FF9CFD9AF8D2FD96FD7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2471FF9CFDF1FB69FD30F8C4.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Mesonecta pilosa Poisson, 1938, by monotypy); originally as a separate genus, downgraded to subgenus by Hutchinson (1940).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2471FF9CFDF1FB69FD30F8C4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: pala with a secondary narrow claw, primary claw apically widened; strigil present; median lobe of sternite VII with two long and thick setae; free lobe of tergite VIII rounded apically; shaft of left paramere broad, slightly sinuate, with wide truncate apex; right paramere narrow, straight, with sharply pointed apex (adapted from Hutchinson 1940; Nieser et al. 2005).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2471FF9CFDF1FB69FD30F8C4.taxon	discussion	Remarks Hutchinson (1940) described two Asiatic species, M. khasiensis and M. waltoniana, and included both in Mesonecta. Nieser et al. (2005), when establishing the subgenus Unguinecta, transferred those two species to Unguinecta and also provided a detailed comparison between these two subgenera. At the moment, Mesonecta contains only one species, Mesonecta pilosa Poisson, 1938, with its distribution restricted to Madagascar (Nieser et al. 2005).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2471FF9CFDAAFD10FD1AFB5D.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Micronecta guttatostriata Lundblad, 1933, by monotypy).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2471FF9CFDAAFD10FD1AFB5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: palar claw narrow and straight, apex rounded; prestrigilar flap on segment V trapezium-shaped, mesial corner pointed; strigil absent; median lobe of sternite VII nearly obtuse, both sides convex, without long setae (see Wróblewski 1967: fig. 13); free lobe of tergite VIII distally narrow, with lateral angle strongly produced; left paramere styliform, bent apically; right paramere distally enlarged with a membranous lobe (based on description by Wróblewski 1967).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2471FF9CFDAAFD10FD1AFB5D.taxon	discussion	Remarks Hitherto, Lundbladella is a monotypic subgenus.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2471FF9DFD8BF8DFFE2AFCFB.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Notonecta minutissima Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2471FF9DFD8BF8DFFE2AFCFB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: palar claw relatively large and usually distally widened; prestrigilar flap on segment V with mesial corner pointed; strigil present; median lobe of sternite VII with three to six (usually four) long setae; free lobe of tergite VIII variable, usually sub-rectangular; shaft of left paramere usually plate-like, with subparallel margins; right paramere: shaft distally curved or bent (adapted from Chen et al. 2015).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2471FF9DFD8BF8DFFE2AFCFB.taxon	discussion	Remarks The nominate subgenus contains the majority of species of Micronecta, most of them only share the distally widened palar claw of the male, and the plate-like shaft of the left paramere. Several taxonomic studies on Micronecta, if applying subgeneric classification, tend to ‘ dump’ new species into the nominate subgenus, if they do not fit other subgenera. However, if a subgeneric classification is suitable, the definition of the nominate subgenus needs to be revised (Tinerella 2008, 2013), as do the definitions of the other subgenera.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2470FF9DFD9EFA0AFCC5F813.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Micronecta punctata (Fieber, 1844), by monotypy).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2470FF9DFD9EFA0AFCC5F813.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: palar claw not strongly widened apically; prestrigilar flap on segment V crescent-shaped, indistinct; strigil present; median lobe of sternite VII with four long and thick setae; free lobe of tergite VIII with widened, truncate apex; left paramere with knob-like apex; right paramere distally curved (adapted from Wróblewski 1962).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2470FF9DFD9EFA0AFCC5F813.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is a monotypic subgenus. The type species, Micronecta punctata (Fieber, 1844), proved to be a junior homonym of Sigara punctata Illiger, 1807. The valid name of the species is thus Micronecta haliploides Horváth, 1904 (see Buzzetti et al. 2006).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2470FF9DFD9EFC95FAC3FA72.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Micronectella acuta Lundblad, 1933, by monotypy); originally as a separate genus, downgraded to subgenus by Hutchinson (1940: 353).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2470FF9DFD9EFC95FAC3FA72.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: palar claw broad, with rounded apex; prestrigilar flap on segment V with mesial corner produced, narrowly rounded [based on M. aleksanderi Nieser & Chen, 1999]; strigil absent; median lobe of sternite VII short and pointed [based on M. aleksanderi]; free lobe of tergite VIII with mesial angle obsolete; shaft of right paramere moderately broad, with narrowly rounded apex (adapted from Lundblad 1933 b; Hutchinson 1940).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2470FF9DFD9EFC95FAC3FA72.taxon	discussion	Remarks Currently, this subgenus contains two species, M. acuta (Lundblad, 1933) and M. aleksanderi. We have assigned the latter to the subgenus Micronectella based on the absence of a strigil, the shape of the palar claw of the male, and the shape of the right paramere (see Nieser & Chen 1999: figs 31, 38 – 39).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247FFF92FD90FEB0FC78FCC9.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Micronecta quadristrigata Breddin, 1905, by monotypy).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247FFF92FD90FEB0FC78FCC9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: palar claw moderately widened apically; prestrigilar flap on segment V with mesial corner acute; strigil present; median lobe of sternite VII elongate, tongue-shaped, with a rounded tip, and without long and thick setae (see Tinerella 2013: fig. 58 e); strigil present; free lobe of tergite VIII sigmoid; left paramere with sickle-shaped apex; right paramere slender, distally curved (adapted from Wróblewski 1962; Chen et al. 2015).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247FFF92FD90FEB0FC78FCC9.taxon	discussion	Remarks The subgenus Sigmonecta was established by Wróblewski (1962) for Micronecta quadristrigata Breddin, 1905. Subsequently, two more species have been placed in this subgenus: M. altera Wróblewski, 1972 and M. kymatista Nieser & Chen, 1999 (see Chen et al. 2015).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247FFF92FE46FCE0FC7CFA5C.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Micronecta polhemusi Nieser, 2000, by original designation).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247FFF92FE46FCE0FC7CFA5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males: pala with a secondary narrow claw, primary claw apically widened; prestrigilar flap on segment V with broadly rounded medial apex; strigil present; median lobe of sternite VII with angular or rounded apex, with two long and thick setae; free lobe of tergite VIII with a slightly produced lateral angle; shaft of left paramere long and narrow, tapering apically; right paramere slightly curved over most of its length, with narrowly rounded apex (adapted from Chen et al. 2015).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247FFF92FE46FCE0FC7CFA5C.taxon	discussion	Remarks Nieser et al. (2005) established the subgenus Unguinecta, and placed five species in it: M. polhemusi Nieser, 2000, M. khasiensis Hutchinson, 1940, M. matsumurai Miyamoto, 1965, M. melanochroa Nieser, Chen & Yang, 2005, and M. waltoniana Hutchinson, 1940. Among these, M. khasiensis and M. waltoniana were transferred from the subgenus Mesonecta.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247CFF96FE58F891FC46FA91.taxon	description	Figs 1 A, 2 A – D	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247CFF96FE58F891FC46FA91.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 3.6 – 4.4; only macropterous form known. Pronotum distinctly longer than median head length. Hemelytron (Fig. 1 A): corium with three longitudinal brown stripes, sometimes in broken pattern or indistinct; embolium with a set of four short brown stripes, sometimes confluent into a long unbroken stripe.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247CFF96FE58F891FC46FA91.taxon	description	Males: fore femur with three spines on proximal third ventrally, one spine on middle third and three spines on distal margin; fore tibia with two spines on distal third; palar claw slender, slightly sinuate (Fig. 2 A). Free lobe sub-rectangular, posterior margin concave, lateral angle produced, with ca 30 long setae (Fig. 2 B). Left paramere: shaft stout, tapering distally, apical part slightly bent and twisted (Fig. 2 D). Right paramere: shaft bent and slightly enlarged at distal third, then tapering towards narrowly rounded apex; basal lobe sub-rectangular (Fig. 2 C).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247CFF96FE58F891FC46FA91.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Phu Tho Prov. • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 2, near concrete bridge; 21 ° 09.130 ′ N, 104 ° 56.761 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8518; ZVNU. – Hanoi • 7 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀; Thanh Xuan District, Me Tri area, Anh Duong Lake (used for recreational fishing); 20 Apr. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 06; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Nhue River, in Lien Mac area; 19 Jun. 2019; T. N. Ha leg.; NHHN 19.01; ZVNU. – Dong Nai Prov. • 6 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Bien Hoa City, Bien Hung Lake; 9 May 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0314; ZRC.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247CFF96FE58F891FC46FA91.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Hanoi and Ha Tinh (Wróblewski 1962, 1967); Phu Tho, Dong Nai (first records). Other countries: from Africa through Arabia, Palestine, southern Asia to Southeast Asia and southern China (Wróblewski 1968; Nieser 2002 b; Zettel et al. 2017).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247CFF96FE58F891FC46FA91.taxon	discussion	Remarks This is the largest species of Micronecta occurring in Vietnam. It has some similarities with M. sedula Horváth, 1905 and M. siva (Kirkaldy, 1897) in the structures of the male genitalia, but can easily be recognised by its larger body (also see Remarks under M. siva).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247BFF94FE41FA13FDE6FC16.taxon	description	Figs 1 B, 2 E – G	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247BFF94FE41FA13FDE6FC16.taxon	discussion	Micronecta quadrivittata – Matsumura 1915: 114 (synonymised with Micronecta sedula). Micronecta quadriseta – Wróblewski 1960: 309 – 313 (synonymised with Micronecta sedula).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247BFF94FE41FA13FDE6FC16.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.7 – 3.4. Pronotum distinctly longer than median head length, without dark transverse stripe. Hemelytron (Fig. 1 B) pale yellowish, corium with four brown stripes.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247BFF94FE41FA13FDE6FC16.taxon	description	Males: fore femur with four spines in proximal third ventrally, four spines on middle third and a pair of spines on distal third dorsally; fore tibia with a pair of spines on distal third; palar claw slender, straight. Median lobe of sternite VII with two long setae. Free lobe sub-rectangular, posterior margin concave, lateral angle produced, with about 10 long setae (Fig. 2 E). Left paramere: shaft stout, apical part slightly swollen, apex obtuse, mesial side with minute spine-like scales; basal lobe tongue-shaped (Fig. 2 G). Right paramere: shaft slender slightly curved pre-apically, apex narrowly rounded (Fig. 2 F).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247BFF94FE41FA13FDE6FC16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Quang Ninh Prov. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Dong Rui; 12 Sep. 2019; T. A. N. Nguyen leg.; # 1902; ZVNU. – Ninh Binh Prov. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Gia Vien, Van Long Wetland Nature Reserve; 25 Aug. 2002; Q. K. Hoang and V. K. Dinh leg.; VNNB 0201; ZRC. – Thua Thien Hue Prov. • 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Quang Dien District, Quang Loi Commune, Con Toc; 7 May 2012; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1212; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247BFF94FE41FA13FDE6FC16.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Hoa Binh (Chine), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong), and Quang Tri (Wróblewski 1962, 1967); first records from Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh (Van Long), Thua Thien Hue. Specimens from Thua Thien Hue were collected in the brackish water of a coastal lagoon. Other countries: Russia (Khanka Lake), Korea, Japan, eastern China (Wróblewski 1960, 1968; Nieser et al. 2005).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF247BFF94FE41FA13FDE6FC16.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. siva.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2479FF95FE4EFB91FA97FC93.taxon	description	Fig. 1 C	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2479FF95FE4EFB91FA97FC93.taxon	discussion	Diagnosis Body length 2.7 – 3.4. Pronotum distinctly longer than median head length, with three distinct transverse dark stripes across pronotum width (Fig. 1 C). Hemelytron: corium with four distinct longitudinal dark stripes; embolium with a long, continuous dark stripe (Fig. 1 C).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2479FF95FE4EFB91FA97FC93.taxon	description	Males: fore femur with two longitudinal rows which both have four spines; fore tibia with one subapical spine; palar claw slender, straight. Free lobe sub-rectangular, posterior margin nearly straight, lateral angle produced. Left paramere: shaft stout, mesial side of apical part serrated, apex blunt. Right paramere: shaft slender, slightly curved at distal third, apex narrowly rounded (see Wróblewski 1972 a: figs 38, 42).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2479FF95FE4EFB91FA97FC93.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Dong Nai Prov. • 1 ♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Bo Hao lotus pond; 15 Apr. 2010; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1010; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2479FF95FE4EFB91FA97FC93.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Nghe An and Ha Tinh (Wróblewski 1967); Dong Nai (first record). Other countries: widespread from India and Sri Lanka to China and Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia) (Lunblad 1933 b; Nieser & Chen 1999; Nieser 2002 b).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2479FF95FE4EFB91FA97FC93.taxon	discussion	Remarks Among species of the subgenus Basileonecta, M. siva is unique in having distinct transverse stripes on the pronotum and dark longitudinal stripes on the hemelytra. The left and right parameres of M. siva look like those of M. sedula, but their detailed structures are clearly different. In M. sedula, the apex of the left paramere is swollen, and the shaft of the right paramere is curved at around on the distal fourth. In M. siva, the apex of the left paramere is not swollen, and the shaft of the right paramere is curved at the distal third. Among the three Asian species of the subgenus Basileonecta, M. sedula has similar marking patterns on the hemelytra to those of M. scutellaris, but it is a distinctly smaller species (body length not more than 3.4 mm), its left paramere is not twisted pre-apically, and its right paramere is not expanded pre-apically.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2478FF8BFE65FC13FDE3FE60.taxon	description	Figs 1 D, 2 H – K	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2478FF8BFE65FC13FDE3FE60.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.1 – 2.5. Pronotum distinctly longer than median head length. Hemelytron (Fig. 1 D) with indistinct longitudinal markings. Males: fore femur with row of seven spines on proximal third ventrally; fore tibia without spine (Fig. 2 H); palar claw, median lobe of sternite VII and free lobe (Fig. 2 I) as in diagnosis of Ctenonecta. Left paramere: shaft stout, apex blunt (Fig. 2 K). Right paramere: shaft broad at base, constricted at distal half, then expanded and constricted again before narrowly rounded apex; basal lobe with a distinct hump on mesial side, near base of shaft (Fig. 2 J).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2478FF8BFE65FC13FDE3FE60.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Cao Bang Prov. • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Trung Khanh, Duc Hong Commune, stream; 19 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1376; ZVNU. – Phu Tho Prov. • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1407; ZVNU. – Hanoi • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Nhue River, in Lien Mac area; 25 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 08; ZVNU. – Quang Nam Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Duy Xuyen District, Duy Phu Village, My Son hamlet, My Son Sanctuary; 15 ° 46.228 ′ N, 108 ° 07.155 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1723; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2478FF8BFE65FC13FDE3FE60.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Lao Cai, Hanoi, Ha Tinh (Wróblewski 1962, 1967); first records for Cao Bang, Phu Tho, Quang Nam. Other countries: Thailand, China (Nieser 2000; Nieser et al. 2005).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2478FF8BFE65FC13FDE3FE60.taxon	discussion	Remarks The male of this species can easily be separated from other species of Micronecta by its distinct shape of the right paramere (Fig. 2 J), together with its unique palar claw (Fig. 2 H) and the presence of combs of setae on the middle tibia.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF8BFE60FE61FDA4F944.taxon	description	Figs 1 E, 3 A – C	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF8BFE60FE61FDA4F944.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.2 – 2.4. Pronotum distinctly longer than median head length. Hemelytron (Fig. 1 E) generally yellowish brown, with four indistinct, broken longitudinal brownish stripes; embolium yellowish with three brown spots.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF8BFE60FE61FDA4F944.taxon	description	Males: fore femur with a pair of spines in proximal third, one spine on distal third dorsally; fore tibia with a pair of spines on distal margin; palar claw knife-shaped. Median lobe of sternite VII with a pointed apex and one long seta (see Chen et al. 2015: fig. 58). Free lobe large, apically broadened, posterior margin produced into an obtuse angle, lateral angle with 10 – 15 long setae (Fig. 3 A). Left paramere: shaft slender, constricted pre-apically, apex slightly twisted (Fig. 3 C). Right paramere: shaft evenly curved, from distal fourth tapering towards narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 3 B).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF8BFE60FE61FDA4F944.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Lao Cai Prov. • 1 ♂; Sa Pa, Sin Chai, Muong Hoa stream (Cat stream); 27 Oct. 2013; A. D. Tran. et al. leg.; TAD 1365; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sa Pa, Cat Cat, Muong Hoa stream (Cat stream); 27 Oct. 2013; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1367; ZVNU. – Hanoi • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ba Vi N. P., Ba Trai, Ri stream; 67 m a. s. l.; 27 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; TAD 1209; ZVNU. – Lam Dong Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Da Lat, Datanla waterfall; 22 May 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0333 a; ZRC. – Kien Giang Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Phu Quoc Island, downstream of Da Ban stream; 1 Dec. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1026; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF8BFE60FE61FDA4F944.taxon	distribution	Distribution First records for Vietnam. Other countries: mainly in Southeast Asia, from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia to Indonesia (Sumatra, Java) and Borneo (Sabah) (Lundblad 1933 b; Chen et al. 2015).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF8BFE60FE61FDA4F944.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. sahlbergi.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF89FE68F945FDA4FCAB.taxon	description	Figs 1 F, 3 D – F	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF89FE68F945FDA4FCAB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.2 – 2.4. Pronotum about as long as median head length, slightly narrower than head width. Hemelytron (Fig. 1 F) generally pale, with four indistinct, broken longitudinal brownish stripes. Males: fore femur with a row of seven spines in proximal and middle third; fore tibia with three spines distally; palar claw narrow, apical part slightly recurved. Median lobe of sternite VII with two long setae and a pointed apex. Free lobe sub-rectangular, posterior margin nearly straight, angles rounded, lateral angle with ca eight long setae (Fig. 3 D). Left paramere: shaft styliform, apical part slightly constricted but not twisted (Fig. 3 F). Right paramere: shaft evenly curved, from distal fourth tapering towards narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 3 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF89FE68F945FDA4FCAB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Hanoi • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 27 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1208; ZVNU. – Thanh Hoa Prov. • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Ben En N. P., Nhu Xuan, Xuan Quy, Song Chang ranger station, Khe Xa Manh stream, under Xa Manh bridge; 12 Mar. 2013; T. D. Pham leg.; BE 1311; ZVNU. – Quang Binh Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Phong Nha, a stream W of Forest ranger station No. 4; 15 Aug. 2001; A. D. Tran leg.; VNQB 0103; ZRC.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF89FE68F945FDA4FCAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong) (Wróblewski 1967); first records from Hanoi, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh. Other countries: India, Iran (Wróblewski 1968).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2466FF89FE68F945FDA4FCAB.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. sahlbergi.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2464FF8EFE79FC36FB98FE91.taxon	description	Fig. 3 G – I	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2464FF8EFE79FC36FB98FE91.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body small, ovate, length 1.5 – 1.8 (brachypterous). Pronotum shorter than median head length. Dorsum colour pale yellowish. Pronotum with a pair of transverse brown marks. Dark patterns on hemelytra reticulate; embolium with five dark patches; membrane reduced. Males: fore femur with a pair of spines in proximal third ventrally, a large and two small spines in distal third, and a pair of spines distally; fore tibia with one spine on middle third, and a pair of spines on distal margin; palar claw narrow, parallel sided, apically bent (Fig. 3 G). Median lobe of sternite VII with two long setae and a serrated triangular apex. Free lobe: mesial angle broadly rounded, lateral angle produced, posterior margin straight, two long setae restricted to lateral angle. Left paramere: shaft relatively short and flattened, on mesial side near the middle with a large triangular tooth, apex of shaft narrowly rounded; basal part with a prominent projection on opposite side of large subovate basal lobe (Fig. 3 I). Right paramere: shaft stout, longitudinally striated, apex rounded (Fig. 3 H).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2464FF8EFE79FC36FB98FE91.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Phu Tho Prov. • 1 ♂ (brachypterous); Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1617; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2464FF8EFE79FC36FB98FE91.taxon	distribution	Distribution First record for Vietnam. Other countries: Malaysia, Singapore (Nieser 2002 a).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2464FF8EFE79FC36FB98FE91.taxon	discussion	Remarks Nieser (2002 a) already noted the similarities and differences between three closely related species M. johorensis, M. dentifera Nieser, 2002, and M. eucosmeta Hutchinson, 1940. These three species can be placed in the subgenus Dichaetonecta as they possess a rather narrow palar claw, and the median lobe of sternite VII bears two long setae. The longitudinally striated shaft of the right paramere is a unique diagnostic characteristic for M. johorensis. Also see Remarks under M. sahlbergi.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2463FF8CFE60FE10FDF3FDB0.taxon	description	Figs 1 G, 4 A – C	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2463FF8CFE60FE10FDF3FDB0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.9 – 2.4. Pronotum slightly longer than median head length. Pronotum: with a pair of dark oval rings, somtimes fragmented, reduced to streaks and spots, or absent. Hemelytron (Fig. 1 G): corium with four longitudinal brown stripes; embolium with three brown marks. Males: fore femur with two spines on proximal third and a pair of spines on distal third; fore tibia without spine; palar claw moderately widened, apex truncate. Median lobe of sternite VII with one or two long setae (sometimes absent) and a pointed apex (see Tinerella 2013: fig. 21 f). Free lobe large, distally slightly broadened, posterior margin slightly concave, lateral angle with ca 10 – 15 long setae (Fig. 4 A). Left paramere: shaft slender, constricted pre-apically; apex flattened, broadened and subovate; basal lobe large, tongue-shaped (Fig. 4 C). Right paramere: shaft evenly curved, from distal fourth tapering towards narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 4 B).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2463FF8CFE60FE10FDF3FDB0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Lao Cai Prov. • 1 ♂; Sa Pa, Cat Cat, Muong Hoa stream; 22 Apr. 2011; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 11.01; ZVNU. – Vinh Phuc Prov. • 1 ♀; Tam Dao N. P., Ho Xanh (Green Lake); 17 Jun. 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0353; ZRC. – Hanoi • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Lotus pond 1 near West Lake Water Park (left); 17 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 01; ZVNU • 26 ♂♂, 37 ♀♀; Lotus pond 2 near West Lake Water Park (right); 17 Mar. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Lotus pond 2 near West Lake Water Park (right); 20 Mar. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; ZVNU • 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Lotus pond 2 near West Lake Water Park (right); 30 Mar. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; West Lake; 17 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 03; ZVNU • 21 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀; Thanh Xuan District, Thanh Huong Lake (used for recreational fishing), near Khuat Duy Tien road; 29 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 04; ZVNU • 11 ♂♂, 30 ♀♀; Lotus pond 1 near West Lake Water Park (left); 18 Aug. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Nhue River; 18 Aug. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1016; ZVNU • 43 ♂♂, 42 ♀♀; Nhue River, in Lien Mac area; 19 Jun. 2019; T. N. Ha leg.; NHHN 19.01; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Ba Vi N. P., Minh Quang, Cai stream; 65 m a. s. l.; 26 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1207; ZVNU. – Dong Nai Prov. • 1 ♀; Cat Tien N. P.; 13 May 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; night collecting; TAD 0302; ZRC • 1 ♂; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Bo Hao Lake, east side, near forest ranger station; 10 Apr. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0906; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Cat Tien N. P., Bau Sau (Crocodile Lake); 6 Nov. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0929; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da stream, near Rang Rang Forest ranger station (near bridge); 13 Apr. 2010; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1006; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da stream, near Rang Rang Forest ranger station, ca 400 m downstream from bridge; 13 Apr. 2010; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1007; ZVNU • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Vinh Cuu, Nua stream (tributary of Ma Da stream); 14 Apr. 2010; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1008; ZVNU • 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Bo Hao Lake, east side, near forest ranger station; 15 Apr. 2009; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1009; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Tri An Lake (Chien Khu D bridge); 15 Apr. 2010; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1011; ZVNU • 3 ♀♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Bo Hao Lake, east side, near forest ranger station; 16 Apr. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; PTD 1012; ZVNU. – Ho Chi Minh City • 28 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀; District 7, Nguyen Van Linh Street, Tan My Lake; 27 Apr. 2019; T. N. Ha leg.; NHSG 19.01; ZVNU • 1 ♀; District 2, Cao Duc Lan Street, Hai Ho Park, small lake; 1 May 2019; T. N. Ha leg.; NHSG 19.03; ZVNU • 19 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; District 2, Cao Duc Lan Street, Hai Ho Park, large lake; 1 May 2019; T. N. Ha leg.; NHSG 19.04; ZVNU. – Ba Ria- Vung Tau Prov. • 1 ♀; Con Dao, Dam Trau area, Ong Ta stream; 13 Apr. 2010; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1009; ZVNU. – Ca Mau Prov. • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Tran Hoi commune, Vo Doi hamlet, Doi 1; 16 Apr. 2018; T. A. N. Nguyen leg.; CM 1814; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Tran Hoi commune, Vo Doi hamlet, Doi 1; 16 Apr. 2018; T. A. N. Nguyen leg.; CM 1817; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; U Minh District, Khanh An commune, hamlet # 14; 17 Apr. 2018; T. A. N. Nguyen leg.; CM 1821; ZVNU. – Kien Giang Prov. • 1 ♀; Phu Quoc Island, Tranh stream (at lower section); 30 Nov. 2010; A. D. Tran et a l. leg.; TAD 1021; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2463FF8CFE60FE10FDF3FDB0.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Hanoi (Wróblewski 1967); first records for Lao Cai, Vinh Phuc, Dong Nai, Ho Chi Minh City, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ca Mau, and Kien Giang (Phu Quoc Island) .. Other countries: widespread from India, Sri Lanka (Hutchinson 1940; Wróblewski 1972 a), Thailand (Wróblewski 1968), Cambodia (Zettel et al. 2017), Indonesia (Nieser & Chen 1999), Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore (Nieser 2002 b) to Solomon Islands (Tinerella 2013).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2463FF8CFE60FE10FDF3FDB0.taxon	discussion	Remarks Besides structural characteristics, M. ludibunda can usually be recognised by a pair of dark oval marks on the pronotum. This characteristic, however, is variable. In some specimens of M. ludibunda, the dark oval marks on the pronotum are fragmented, less distinct, or even absent. Micronecta ludibunda is also considered related to M. malayana Leong, 1966, from Peninsular Malaysia, in both the colour pattern of the pronotum and the general form of the left paramere (Nieser 2002 b). The characteristics for separating these two species are the apical part of the left paramere, which is broader in M. malayana, and the pattern of hemelytra, which is more reticulate, without distinct stripes in M. malayana. Also see Remarks under M. sahlbergi.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2461FF8DFE78FD31FCA4FDAA.taxon	description	Fig. 4 D – G	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2461FF8DFE78FD31FCA4FDAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.2 – 3.1. Pronotum slightly longer than median head length. Hemelytron punctate, generally pale. Males: fore femur with a set of four spines on proximal third ventrally; fore tibia without spine; palar claw narrow. Median lobe of sternite VII with one long seta and a long and narrowly rounded apex. Free lobe posteriorly strongly broadened, posterior margin nearly straight, lateral angle produced (Fig. 4 D). Left paramere: shaft slender, mesial side with barbs, apical part sinuate, covered with small scales, apex narrowly rounded; basal lobe tongue-shaped (Fig. 4 F – G). Right paramere: shaft evenly curved, from distal fourth tapering towards narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 4 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2461FF8DFE78FD31FCA4FDAA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Hanoi • 1 ♂; Nhue River, in Lien Mac area; 25 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 08; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2461FF8DFE78FD31FCA4FDAA.taxon	distribution	Distribution First record for Vietnam. Other countries: Russia (Amur-Ussuri), Korea, China (Beijing, Hong Kong, and southern China), Taiwan (Wrósblewski 1960, 1963, 1968; Chen 1960).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2461FF8DFE78FD31FCA4FDAA.taxon	discussion	Remarks Wróblewski (1963) and Jansson (1995) placed M. sahlbergi in the subgenus Basileonecta. Subsequently, Nieser et al. (2005) placed it in the subgenus Dichaetonecta without explanation. We find that this species matches the definition of Dichaetonecta rather than Basileonecta, by having a moderately widened palar claw, a well-developed median lobe of sternite VII with one long seta, and a distally-widened free lobe. The five species of Dichaetonecta occurring in Vietnam can easily be separated from each other by the structures of the left paramere. The left paramere of M. decorata is apically constricted and twisted. That of M. ludibunda is constricted before widening to a broad, flat, and suboval apex. The left paramere of M. sahlbergi is uniquely sinuate at the apical part, which is covered with small scales. In M. desertana, the apical part of left paramere is rather simple, only slightly constricted, but neither twisted nor sinuate. The left paramere of M. johorensis has a large triangular tooth near the middle section of the shaft. The right paramere of M. johorensis is unique in having longitudinal striations on the stout shaft. In addition, the shape of the free lobe of M. decorata is clearly distinct from that of the other three species besides M. johorensis, with the posterior margin produced into an obtuse angle, while in the other three species the posterior margin of the free lobe is straight or slightly concave. The free lobe of M. ludibunda is more like that of M. sahlbergi, with both having a more strongly widened distal part. The free lobe of M. desertana is only slightly widened at the distal part.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2460FF82FE4BFD29FA8BFE8A.taxon	description	Figs 5 A, 6 A – D	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2460FF82FE4BFD29FA8BFE8A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 3.0 – 3.1. Pronotum slightly longer than median head length; clearly narrower than head width. Hemelytron (Fig. 5 A) translucent or greyish brown, usually with two broken longitudinal dark stripes; embolium with a large spot in the middle and two smaller spots on two sides. Males: fore femur with a pair of spines on proximal third; fore tibia with a spine on middle third (Fig. 6 A); palar claw, median lobe of sternite VII and free lobe (Fig. 6 B) as in diagnosis for subgenus. Left paramere: shaft slender, evenly arched; distal part with small barbs; apex recurved, flattened, thus appearing flag-like; basal lobe short and broad (Fig. 6 D). Right paramere: shaft distally curved, tapering from distal half towards narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 6 C).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2460FF82FE4BFD29FA8BFE8A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Ninh Thuan Prov. • 3 ♂♂; Nui Chua N. P., Da Vach Lake; 27 Jun. 2004; N. V. Quang leg.; NC- 01; ZRC.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2460FF82FE4BFD29FA8BFE8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vienam: Hanoi, Lao Cai, Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong), Nghe An, Ha Tinh (Wróblewski 1962, 1967); first record for Ninh Thuan. Other countries: widespread from India, Sri Lanka to southern China, Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java) (Leong 1966; Fernando & Cheng 1974; Nieser & Chen 1999; Nieser et al. 2005).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2460FF82FE4BFD29FA8BFE8A.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species can easily be recognised by the relatively large body (length ca 3.0 mm), the absence of a strigil, the shape of the the free lobe, and the shape of the apical part of the left paramere (Fig. 6 B, D).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246FFF82FE76FE12FC01F812.taxon	description	Figs 5 B, 6 E – H	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246FFF82FE76FE12FC01F812.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.0 – 2.4. Dorsum generally dark brown. Pronotum slightly longer than median head length, with two transverse yellow stripes on anterior part. Hemelytron (Fig. 5 B) with yellowish brown background and longitudinal yellowish stripes usually fragmented into small dots; embolium with three translucent patches. Males: fore femur with a pair of spines on proximal third ventrally; fore tibia without spine (Fig. 6 E); palar claw, median lobe of sternite VII and free lobe (Fig. 6 F) as in diagnosis for subgenus. Left paramere: shaft slender, basally straight and curved at distal fourth; basal lobe broad, trapezoid (Fig. 6 H). Right paramere: shaft broadly curved, distal half strongly broadened (Fig. 6 G).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246FFF82FE76FE12FC01F812.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Cao Bang Prov. • 1 ♂; Bao Lam, near Bao Lam district town, Ban Chim stream, tributary of Gam River; 20 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1382; ZVNU. – Phu Tho Prov. • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, near its confluence with Xoan stream; 21 ° 5.318 ′ N, 104 ° 58.87 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2014; T. S Nguyen. leg.; TS 1406; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8517; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, Ha Bang village area; 21 ° 04.343 ′ N, 104 ° 59.182 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1610; ZVNU. – Hanoi • 1 ♂; Ba Vi N. P., Minh Quang, Cai stream; 65 m a. s. l.; 26 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1207; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 27 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1208; ZVNU. – Thanh Hoa Prov. • 1 ♂; Ben En N. P., Nhu Xuan, Khe May stream; Dec. 2012; T. D. Pham leg.; BE 1206; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Quan Hoa, Phu Nghiem, Dong Tam, Luong stream; 15 Mar. 2013; T. D. Pham leg.; PL 1301; ZVNU. – Nghe An Prov. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Con Cuong, near Tung Huong, Khe Num stream; 21 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1211; ZVNU • 6 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Pu Mat N. P., Chat stream, tributary of Choang stream; 1 Sep. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 14; ZVNU. – Dong Nai Prov. • 1 ♀; Cat Tien N. P., Ben Cu stream; 5 Nov. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0928; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da stream, near Rang Rang Forest ranger station, ca 400 m downstream from bridge; 13 Apr. 2010; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1007; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246FFF82FE76FE12FC01F812.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong) (Wróblewski 1967); first records for Cao Bang, Phu Tho, Hanoi, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Dong Nai. Other countries: southwestern China, Thailand, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Cambodia (Lundblad 1933 b; Nieser 2000, 2002 b; Nieser et al. 2005; Polhemus 2017).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246FFF82FE76FE12FC01F812.taxon	discussion	Remarks In Vietnam, M. guttatostriata is one of two species without a strigil; the other one is M. grisea. Micronecta guttatostriata can be separated from the latter by its distinctly smaller size, with body length of around 2.0 – 2.4 mm, and the unique colour pattern of the pronotum. In addition, the shape of the free lobe and the parameres are reliable characteristics for identifying this species.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246CFF86FDB5FEB0FD40F992.taxon	description	Figs 5 C, 7 A – C	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246CFF86FDB5FEB0FD40F992.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.9 – 2.1. Pronotum slightly longer than median head length. Hemelytron punctate, corium with patchy, indistinct brown markings. Males: fore femur with a pair of spines on proximal third, two spines distally; fore tibia with three spines on distal third ventrally; palar claw large, sub-triangular with straight apical margin. Median lobe of sternite VII short and broad with four long setae and an angular apex. Free lobe slightly expanded posteriorly, mesial angle rounded, lateral angle produced with ca 20 long setae (Fig. 7 A). Left paramere: shaft broad, flattened, basal part of shaft with a short ridge running to lateral margin, apex rounded; basal lobe long, tongue-shaped (Fig. 7 C). Right paramere: shaft evenly curved, parallel sided, apex rounded (Fig. 7 B).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246CFF86FDB5FEB0FD40F992.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Ha Giang Prov. • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Vi Xuyen, Xin Chai commune, Da stream by the road from Thanh Thuy to Lao Chai; 9 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1405; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xin Man, road 178, tributary of Nam Yen River, near bridge ca 2 km from Coc Pai town; 11 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1412; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Xin Man, Nam Dan commune, Thac Tien-Deo Gio, waterfall and stream; 11 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1414; ZVNU. – Cao Bang Prov. • 12 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Phia Oac- Phia Den N. P., road to Quang Thanh commune, Khue Lan stream; 29 Oct. 2020; V. V. Nguyen et al. leg.; PO 20 - 07; ZVNU. – Bac Kan Prov. • 8 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Ba Be, Hoang Tri commune, Hoang Tri waterfall; 22 Aug. 2012; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1218; ZVNU. – Lang Son Prov. • 3 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Loc Binh, Mau Son, Khuoi Tang stream; 590 m a. s. l.; 6 Nov. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 34; ZVNU. – Phu Tho Prov. • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 3, by the road to Tan Son; 7 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1339; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Dong Son, Than stream, site 2; 29 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1347; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1407; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, the second concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.322 ′ N, 104 ° 56.256 ′ E; 28 Aug. 2010; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1413; ZVNU • 8 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 28 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1415; ZVNU • 29 ♂♂, 32 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1515; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1615; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 2, near concrete bridge; 21 ° 09.130 ′ N, 104 ° 56.761 ′ E; 29 Apr. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1418; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 2, near concrete bridge; 21 ° 09.130 ′ N, 104 ° 56.761 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1518; ZVNU • 9 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 23 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1509; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 8 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8509; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1609; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 3; 21 ° 11.393 ′ N, 104 ° 52.625 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8516; ZVNU • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, the first concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 8.398 ′ N, 104 ° 56.303 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1612; ZVNU. – Hanoi • 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Ba Vi N. P., Minh Quang, Cai stream; 65 m a. s. l.; 17 Dec. 2011; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1126; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 17 Dec. 2011; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1127; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Ba Vi N. P., Minh Quang, Cai stream; 65 m a. s. l.; 26 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1207; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 27 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1208; ZVNU. – Vinh Phuc Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Tam Dao N. P., Suoi Mo (upstream of Thac Bac waterfall); 16 Jun. 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0350; ZRC • 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Tam Dao N. P., Suoi Mo; 9 and 15 Jul. 2019; A. D. Tran leg.; ZVNU. – Quang Binh Prov. • 2 ♀♀; Phong Nha, Chay stream; 17 Jul. 2004; A. D. Tran leg.; DY 0410; ZRC. – Quang Nam Prov. • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 45.439 ′ N, 108 ° 07.577 ′ E; Aug. 2016; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1614; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 45.482 ′ N, 108 ° 07.606 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1715; ZVNU. – Lam Dong Prov. • 7 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Bao Loc, Damb’ri waterfall; 19 May 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0326; ZRC.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246CFF86FDB5FEB0FD40F992.taxon	distribution	Distribution China (Yunnan), Thailand (Nieser et al. 2005), Cambodia (Zettel et al. 2017). First records for Vietnam.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246CFF86FDB5FEB0FD40F992.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. cultellata sp. nov.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246BFF87FE1AF91EFE55FC0F.taxon	description	Figs 5 D, 7 D – F	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246BFF87FE1AF91EFE55FC0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.5 – 1.6 (brachypterous). Pronotum slightly shorter than median head length, lateral margins of pronotum short. Hemelytron light brown with scattered small red dots and distally with a transverse irregularly-shaped dark mark (Fig. 5 D). Males: fore femur with a pair of spines on distal third, one spine on dorsal margin of distal third and two spines dorsodistally; fore tibia with one spine on distal third; palar claw broadened distally, apex rounded. Median lobe of sternite VII short and broad, with four long setae and an angular apex. Free lobe slightly expanded at middle part, then tapering posteriorly, mesial angle rounded, lateral angle square, with ca 17 long setae (Fig. 7 D). Left paramere: shaft broad, flattened, lateral side with a distinct triangular projection, apex rounded; basal lobe length greater than its width, sub-trapezoid (Fig. 7 F). Right paramere: shaft evenly curved, distal half parallel sided, apex rounded (Fig. 7 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246BFF87FE1AF91EFE55FC0F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Phu Tho Prov. • 2 ♂♂ (brachypterous); Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1617; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246BFF87FE1AF91EFE55FC0F.taxon	distribution	Distribution Previously only known from China (Yunnan). First records for Vietnam (Phu Tho).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246BFF87FE1AF91EFE55FC0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks According to the description by Nieser et al. (2005), the hemelytron of this species is marked with small red dots, but our specimens do not exhibit this characteristic. However, our sample is too small to determine whether intra-populational variations in colouration may be present. Other morphological characteristics of our specimens totally match the original description. Also see Remarks under M. cultellata sp. nov.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246AFF85FDA2FB8AFCB0F9D4.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 59 D 915 E-EEA 7 - 4278 - B 2 B 0 - 4 C 0707189 B 6 F Figs 5 E, 8	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246AFF85FDA2FB8AFCB0F9D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.6 – 2.2. Pronotum slightly shorter than median head length, lateral margin of pronotum short. Hemelytron punctate, orangish (Fig. 5 E). Males: fore femur with a pair of spines on proximal third ventrally, one spine in distal third, three spines distally, and one long seta dorsodistally; fore tibia without spine; palar claw broad, apex rounded (Fig. 8 A). Median lobe of sternite VII short and broad, with an angular apex and four long setae (Fig. 8 C). Free lobe long, mesial angle obtuse, lateral angle square, with ca 20 long setae (Fig. 8 D). Left paramere: shaft broad, flattened, apex narrowly rounded; basal lobe sub-rectangular (Fig. 8 F). Right paramere: shaft evenly curved, distal half parallel sided, apex rounded; pars stridens processus with ca 30 ridges (Fig. 8 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246AFF85FDA2FB8AFCB0F9D4.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet refers to the shape of the left paramere’s shaft, which resembles the blade of a knife.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246AFF85FDA2FB8AFCB0F9D4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Lao Cai Prov., Sa Pa, Trung Chai, km 119 Nat. Road # 4 D; 28 Oct. 2013; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1370; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Lao Cai Prov. • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; NHMW • 4 ♂♂; Sa Pa, Nam Cang, Nam Cang stream; 23 Oct. 2012; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 12.08; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; ZRC • 1 ♀; Sa Pa, waterfall by roadside from Nui Xe to Sa Pa town, ca 13 km from Sa Pa; 25 Oct. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1358 b; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Sa Pa, Thanh Phú, N ậm Cang stream; 26 Oct. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1359; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Sa Pa, Cat Cat, Ho stream (tributary of Muong Hoa stream); 27 Oct. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1366; ZVNU. – Ha Giang Prov. • 1 ♂; Vi Xuyen, Xin Chai commune, Da stream by the road from Thanh Thuy to Lao Chai; 9 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1405; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Xin Man, Nam Dan commune, Thac Tien-Deo Gio, stream 100 m below waterfall; 11 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1413; ZVNU. – Cao Bang Prov. • 2 ♀♀; Quang Uyen, road 207, Doc Lap commune, stream # 2; 18 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1374; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246AFF85FDA2FB8AFCB0F9D4.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 5 E). Dorsum generally light orangish. Frons and vertex pale yellowish, eyes reddish brown. Pronotum light greyish brown. Hemelytron light orangish, without distinct mark. Suture between clavus and corium brownish, a band with minute red dots along anterior margin of clavus. Membrane translucent apically. Venter of thorax and abdomen, and legs brownish yellow. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 1.78 – 2.16 (holotype: 1.93), width 1.0 – 1.16 (holotype: 1.13). Head width 0.75 – 0.78 (holotype: 0.70), slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum about four times as wide as long, width 0.71, length 0.18. Synthlipsis about twice the posterior width of an eye (0.35: 0.18). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.30, tibia 0.17, pala 0.14; middle leg: femur 0.65, tibia 0.20, tarsus 0.34, claw 0.16; hind leg: femur 0.45, tibia 0.36, tarsus I 0.36, tarsus II 0.18, claw 0.05. Prestrigilar flap on segment V elongated, with weakly acute apex (Fig. 8 B). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 1.63 – 2.09, width 0.9 – 1.19. Head width 0.74 – 0.80, slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum about four times as wide as long, width 0.75, length 0.19. Synthlipsis about twice the posterior width of an eye (0.36: 0.19). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.27, tibiotarsus 0.21; middle leg: femur 0.76, tibia 0.27, tarsus 0.32, claw 0.20; hind leg: femur 0.41, tibia 0.32, tarsus I 0.36, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.09.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246AFF85FDA2FB8AFCB0F9D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: northern area (Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Lao Cai).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF246AFF85FDA2FB8AFCB0F9D4.taxon	discussion	Remarks Micronecta cultellata sp. nov. is similar to M. drepani and M. erythra in the general form of the right paramere, with the evenly curved shaft, and in the shape of the free lobe. These three species can be separated from each other by the characteristics as follows. Micronecta erythra has a distinct colour pattern on the hemelytra and a distinct triangular projection on the lateral side of the left paramere. Micronecta drepani has dark marks on the hemelytra, but they do not form a distinct pattern. The left paramere of M. drepani has a short ridge running onto the lateral margin of the shaft, and the apex of the shaft is broad. Micronecta cultellata sp. nov. has a light orangish dorsum, without dark markings, and its left paramere lacks modifications on the lateral margin, with the apex narrow. The right paramere of M. drepani differs from that of M. erythra and M. cultellata sp. nov. by having a thicker, swollen basal part of the shaft (on the mesial side). This structure is not swollen in M. erythra and M. cultellata sp. nov., but gradually tapering to the distal part instead.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2468FFBBFE5FF9D4FD4DFAAC.taxon	description	Figs 5 F, 9 A – E	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2468FFBBFE5FF9D4FD4DFAAC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.0 – 2.5. Protonum distinctly longer than median head length. Hemelytron generally brown. Males: fore femur with two spines on distal third ventrally and a pair of spines distally; fore tibia without spines; palar claw broadened distally, apex rounded. Median lobe of sternite VII short, with four long setae and an angular apex (Fig. 9 B). Free lobe slightly expanded posteriorly, mesial angle rounded, lateral angle square with ca 15 long setae (Fig. 9 C). Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, tapering towards rounded apex; basal lobe long, tongue-shaped (Fig. 9 E). Right paramere: shaft parallel sided, strongly bent (at angle of nearly 90 °) at distal fourth, then tapering towards narrowly rounded apex; base with a distinct hump on mesial side, near base of shaft (Fig. 9 D).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2468FFBBFE5FF9D4FD4DFAAC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Lao Cai Prov. • 11 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Ban Ho, Nam Pu stream (tributary of Muong Hoa stream), site 1, at lower section; 26 Oct. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1361; ZVNU • 36 ♂♂, 31 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Thanh Phu, near junction of Nam Cang and Muong Hoa streams; 26 Oct. 2013; Q. H. Ngo leg.; TAD 1360; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2468FFBBFE5FF9D4FD4DFAAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Lao Cai (Wróblewski 1962). Other countries: widespread from the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey), through South Asia (Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, India, Himalayan region) to Southeast Asia (Wróblewski 1968).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2468FFBBFE5FF9D4FD4DFAAC.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. acuminata sp. nov.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2456FFB9FDA8FA2FFD4DFA8B.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 388 F 73 BC-CA 08 - 4397 - 8570 - B 2 B 163 B 622 AC Figs 5 G, 9 F – K	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2456FFB9FDA8FA2FFD4DFA8B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.6 – 2.2. Pronotum longer than median head length. Hemelytron punctate, with brown markings at middle part. Males: fore femur with a pair of spines on middle third ventrally, two spines on distal third dorsally; fore tibia without spine; pala: lower row with ca 18 bristles, upper row with ca 12 bristles; palar claw sub-triangular, apical margin nearly straight (Fig. 9 F). Median lobe of sternite VII short, with four long setae and an angular apex (Fig. 9 H). Free lobe sub-rectangular, mesial angle rounded, lateral angle square with ca 17 long setae, posterior margin slightly sinuate (Fig. 9 I). Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, and evenly curved outwards; apex narrowly rounded; basal lobe large, sub-rectangular (Fig. 9 K). Right paramere: shaft parallel sided, strongly bent at distal fourth (by ca 45 °), slightly thickened before rounded apex; pars stridens processus with ca 15 ridges (Fig. 9 J).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2456FFB9FDA8FA2FFD4DFA8B.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet ‘ arcuata ’ refers to the shape of the right paramere, which is slender and bent like a bow.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2456FFB9FDA8FA2FFD4DFA8B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Ha Giang Prov., Vi Xuyen, Nat’ road 2, Phuong Do commune, Phuong Do stream, near bridge; 9 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1407; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Ha Giang Prov. • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality data as for holotype; ZVNU. – Lang Son Prov. • 1 ♂; Loc Binh, Mau Son, Khuoi Tang stream; 590 m a. s. l.; 6 Nov. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 34; ZVNU. – Phu Tho Prov. • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Cai, Cai stream, site 3, by the road to Tan Son; 7 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1339; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan San N. P., Kim Thuong, Ha Bang stream; 28 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1344; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 1, water from underground; 29 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1349; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Tan Ong stream, 4 km from Chin Tang waterfall; 21 ° 04.288 ′ N, 104 ° 57.271 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1405; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1407; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 3; 21 ° 11.393 ′ N, 104 ° 52.625 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8516; ZVNU • 13 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 28 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1415; NHMW • 10 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, Ha Bang village area; 21 ° 04.343 ′ N, 104 ° 59.182 ′ E; 25 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1510; ZRC • 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1515; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.453 ′ N, 104 ° 56.122 ′ E; 21 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1501; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.453 ′ N, 104 ° 56.122 ′ E; 5 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1601; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1615; ZVNU • 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 3; 21 ° 11.393 ′ N, 104 ° 52.625 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1616; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1507; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 5 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1607; ZVNU • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 23 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1509; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1609; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Tan Ong stream, 4 km from Chin Tang waterfall; 21 ° 04.288 ′ N, 104 ° 57.271 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1505; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, near its confluence with Xoan stream; 21 ° 5.318 ′ N, 104 ° 58.87 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1506; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, near its confluence with Xoan stream; 21 ° 5.318 ′ N, 104 ° 58.87 ′ E; 6 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1606 ĐT; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, Ha Bang village area; 21 ° 04.343 ′ N, 104 ° 59.182 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1610; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1617; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 2, near concrete bridge; 21 ° 09.130 ′ N, 104 ° 56.761 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1518; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, the second concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.322 ′ N, 104 ° 56.256 ′ E; 28 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1413; ZVNU. – Hanoi • 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 27 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1208; ZVNU. – Hoa Binh Prov. • 12 ♂♂, 30 ♀♀; Lac Son, Tu Do commune, Mu waterfall and down stream; 27 Aug. 2020; A. D. Tran, P. L. Le and T. C. Nguyen leg.; TAD 20 - 02; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2456FFB9FDA8FA2FFD4DFA8B.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 5 G). Dorsum generally orangish-brownish yellow. Frons and vertex pale yellowish, eyes reddish brown. Pronotum yellowish brown, with one longitudinal yellow stripe on anterior part and two transverse yellow stripes on posterior part. Hemelytron with minute red dots scattered especially on hyaline anterior band of clavus, on boundary between corium and embolium. Corium with three obscure light brown markings at middle part. Membrane translucent and brownish. Venter of thorax and abdomen, and legs pale or light yellow. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 1.63 – 2.16 (holotype: 1.73), width 1.0 – 1.13 (holotype: 0.81). Head width 0.62 – 0.66 (holotype: 0.63). Pronotum about 2.5 times as wide as long (0.70: 0.29). Pronotum slightly wider than head. Synthlipsis about 1.5 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.30: 0.23). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.28, tibia 0.13, pala 0.12; middle leg: femur 0.58, tibia 0.20, tarsus 0.25, claw 0.18; hind leg: femur 0.45, tibia 0.28, tarsus I 0.29, tarsus II 0.12, claw 0.03. Prestrigilar flap on segment V with short apex (Fig. 9 G). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 1.63 – 2.09, width 0.94 – 1.19. Head width 0.64 – 0.67. Pronotum about 2.5 times as wide as long (0.67: 0.22). Pronotum slightly wider than head. Synthlipsis about 1.5 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.32: 0.20). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.23, tibiotarsus 0.2; middle leg: femur 0.55, tibia 0.2, tarsus 0.3, claw 0.18; hind leg: femur 0.41, tibia 0.29, tarsus I 0.28, tarsus II 0.12, claw 0.03.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2456FFB9FDA8FA2FFD4DFA8B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Northern Vietnam: Ha Giang, Phu Tho, Hanoi.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2456FFB9FDA8FA2FFD4DFA8B.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. acuminata sp. nov.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2454FFBFFDA6FA09FD4DFBB2.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 05 FC 9 D 1 - ACE 2 - 48 C 9 - AFC 0 - A 2 C 14 AA 8 C 34 B Figs 5 H, 10	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2454FFBFFDA6FA09FD4DFBB2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.6 – 2.0. Pronotum: longer than median head length; with two transverse dark marks anteriorly. Hemelytron punctate, with distinct large dark marks. Males: fore femur with two spines on proximal third ventrally, one spine on distal third dorsally, one pair of spines distally, one long seta dorsodistally; fore tibia without spine; palar claw distally widened, apical margin rounded (Fig. 10 A). Median lobe of sternite VII short, with acute apex and four long setae (Fig. 10 C). Free lobe sub-rectangular, mesial angle rounded, lateral angle square, with ca 10 long setae, posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 10 D). Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, distal part straight; apex narrowly rounded; basal lobe large, sub-rectangular (Fig. 10 F). Right paramere: shaft parallel sided, strongly bent (at angle of nearly 90 °) at distal fourth, apex rounded; pars stridens processus with ca 20 ridges (Fig. 10 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2454FFBFFDA6FA09FD4DFBB2.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet refers to the yellowish brown, tawny markings on the dorsum.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2454FFBFFDA6FA09FD4DFBB2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Thanh Hoa Prov., Pu Hu Nature Reserve, Quan Hoa, Hien Chung, Ban Pheo, Ham stream; 9 Apr. 2013; T. D. Pham leg.; PH 1303; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Thanh Hoa Prov. • 7 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; NHMW. – Ha Giang Prov. • 2 ♂♂; Bac Quang, km 13 road 177, Tan Lap commune, waterfall and stream, ca 86 km to Coc Pai town; 10 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1410; ZRC. – Cao Bang Prov. • 2 ♀♀; Bao Lac, Hung Dao commune, Nhi Ao River, near Nam Xui bridge; 20 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1380; ZVNU. – Nghe An Prov. • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem waterfall and stream, site # 1; 18 Apr. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1310; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2454FFBFFDA6FA09FD4DFBB2.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 5 H). Dorsum generally brownish yellow. Frons and vertex light yellow, eyes dark reddish brown. Pronotum yellowish with a pair of transverse brownish marks anteriorly. Clavus bordered by dark brown mark, becoming thicker at anterior margin. Corium with a large irregular-shaped brown mark on middle part. Embolium and membrane transculent. Venter of thorax and abdomen, and legs pale brownish yellow. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 1.63 – 1.75 (holotype: 1.75), width 1.0 – 1.13 (holotype: 1.05). Head width 0.64 – 0.70 (holotype: 0.68). Pronotum slightly wider than head. Pronotum short, about four times as wide as long (0.71: 0.18). Synthlipsis 1.5 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.32: 0.21). Lengths of segments: fore leg: femur 0.23, tibia 0.14, pala 0.14; middle leg: femur 0.65, tibia 0.20, tarsus 0.32, claw 0.16; hind leg: femur 0.43, tibia 0.32, tarsus I 0.34, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.03. Prestrigilar flap on segment V with prolonged apex (Fig. 10 B). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 1.63 – 2.0, width 0.94 – 1.19. Head width 0.67 – 0.72. Pronotum short, about four times as wide as long (0.66: 0.16). Head slightly wider than pronotum. Synthlipsis 1.5 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.31: 0.20). Lengths of segments. fore leg: femur 0.23, tibiotarsus 0.23; middle leg: femur 0.59, tibia 0.22, tarsus 0.30, claw 0.16; hind leg: femur 0.40, tibia 0.32, tarsus I 0.32, tarsus II 0.15, claw 0.03.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2454FFBFFDA6FA09FD4DFBB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution Northern Vietnam: Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2454FFBFFDA6FA09FD4DFBB2.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. acuminata sp. nov.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2452FFBDFDBAFB3FFBC0F93A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 525 BBA 05 - C 47 E- 447 A-A 643 - 64535995 CF 4 F Figs 5 I, 11	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2452FFBDFDBAFB3FFBC0F93A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.3 – 1.5. Pronotum: longer than median head length. Hemelytron punctate, yellowish with indistinct yellowish brown markings. Males: fore femur with two spines on middle third, one pair of spines in distal third dorsally; fore tibia without spine; palar claw distally widened, apical margin rounded (Fig. 11 A). Median lobe of sternite VII short, with angular apex and one or two long setae (Fig. 11 C). Free lobe sub-rectangular, mesial angle rounded, lateral angle square, with ca 12 long setae, posterior margin slightly sinuate (Fig. 11 D). Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, strongly constricted before an acute apex; basal lobe longer than wide, sub-rectangular, distal margin curved (Fig. 11 F). Right paramere: shaft parallel sided, distal fourth strongly curved (by nearly 45 °) and slightly thickened before rounded apex; pars stridens processus with ca 20 ridges (Fig. 11 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2452FFBDFDBAFB3FFBC0F93A.taxon	etymology	Etymology The word ‘ acuminata ’ refers to the acuminate apex of the left paramere.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2452FFBDFDBAFB3FFBC0F93A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂, Dong Nai Prov., Vinh Cuu, Ma Da stream, near Rang Rang Forest ranger station (near bridge); 13 Apr. 2010; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1006; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Dong Nai Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality data as holotype; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da stream, near Rang Rang Forest station (near bridge); 9 Apr. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0902; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Suoi Sai (Sai stream), near bridge; 11 Apr. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0907; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Vinh Cuu, Vinh An, Rang stream; 20 Apr. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0913; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Cat Tien N. P., Sa Mach stream, near Sa Mach Forest ranger station; 20 Apr. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0914; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2452FFBDFDBAFB3FFBC0F93A.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 5 I). Dorsum brownish yellow to brown. Frons and vertex pale yellowish, eyes dark brown. Pronotum light yellowish brown, disk unmarked. Clavus with a hyaline band covered by microscopic red dots along anterior margin. Corium with scattered small brownish marks. Membrane generally transculent. Venter of thorax and abdomen, and legs light yellow. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 1.3 – 1.47 (holotype: 1.44), width 0.72 – 0.82 (holotype: 0.81). Head width 0.59 – 0.63 (holotype: 0.61). Head slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum short, about four times as wide as long (0.59: 0.15). Synthlipsis ca 1.5 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.28: 0.18). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.2, tibia 0.14, pala 0.16; middle leg: femur 0.47, tibia 0.19, tarsus 0.24, claw 0.12; hind leg: femur 0.4, tibia 0.29, tarsus I 0.27, tarsus II 0.14, claw 0.03. Prestrigilar flap on segment V with prolonged apex (Fig. 11 B). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 1.37 – 1.53, width 0.76 – 0.81. Head width 0.59 – 0.63. Head slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum short, nearly four times as wide as long (0.58: 0.16). Synthlipsis 1.5 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.30: 0.18). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.21, tibiotarsus 0.2; middle leg: femur 0.5, tibia 0.2, tarsus 0.27, claw 0.14; hind leg: femur 0.41, tibia 0.27, tarsus I 0.27, tarsus II 0.14, claw 0.03.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2452FFBDFDBAFB3FFBC0F93A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Dong Nai.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2452FFBDFDBAFB3FFBC0F93A.taxon	discussion	Remarks Among species of Micronecta occurring in Vietnam, four species, M. anatolica, M. arcuata sp. nov., M. fulvopicta sp. nov., and M. acuminata sp. nov., may be more closely related to each other, based on the general shapes of the prestrigilar flap (see Figs 9 A, G, 10 B, 11 B), the median lobe of sternite VII (see Figs 9 B, H, 10 C, 11 C), the free lobe (which is sub-rectangular, see Figs 9 C, I, 10 D, 11 D), and the general form of the left and right parameres. In particular, the shaft of their right paramere is mostly parallel sided and straight at the proximal part, strongly bent at the distal fourth, and the apical part is simple, not distinctly broadened. The shaft of their right parameres is broad and flat, with the lateral margin sinuate and without any projection; and the basal lobe of the right paramere is very large and broad. All four species mentioned above, however, can be reliably separated from each other by the following characteristics. In M. anatolica, the basal lobe of the left paramere is elongate and subovate, while that of other three species is broader and sub-rectangular. The base of the right paramere of M. anatolica has a distinct hump on the mesial margin near the beginning of the shaft, whereas this hump is less distinct in M. arcuata sp. nov., and absent in both M. fulvopicta sp. nov. and M. acuminata sp. nov. The apical part of the right paramere of M. anatolica is similar to that of M. fulvopicta sp. nov., which narrows towards the apex, while that of M. arcuata sp. nov. is more similar to that of M. acuminata sp. nov., which is slightly thickened before the apex. Micronecta arcuata sp. nov. is distinct from the other three species in the form of the shaft of the left paramere, which is distinctly curved laterad. That of M. acuminata sp. nov. is also different, with an acuminate apical part. The form of the left paramere of M. acuminata sp. nov. is similar to that of M. acuta (Lundblad, 1933); however, the latter species lacks a strigil and its right paramere is clearly different (see Lundblad 1933 b: fig. 37 e). Besides structural charateristics, Micronecta fulvopicta sp. nov. has a distinct colour pattern on the dorsum, with strongly defined dark marks on the head, pronotum, and hemelytra (Fig. 5 H). Its colour pattern is somewhat similar to that of M. vietnamica sp. nov., but the dark marks on the hemelytra of M. fulvopicta sp. nov. are broader than in the latter species. The structure of the parameres will also separate the two species (see also Remarks under M. vietnamica sp. nov.).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2450FFB1FDBCF945FC12F945.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: FFBEFA 51 - B 20 A- 43 BC-A 91 E- 7 EFA 22350817 Figs 5 J – L, 12	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2450FFB1FDBCF945FC12F945.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.5 – 1.8. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum colour pale yellowish. Hemelytron punctate, with large dark markings, sometimes indistinct (Fig. 5 J – L). Males: fore femur with two spines on proximal third ventrally, one spine in distal third dorsally, two spines distally, one pair of long setae dorsodistally; fore tibia without spine; palar claw petaloid, apex truncate (Fig. 12 A). Median lobe of sternite VII with angular apex and four long setae (Fig. 12 C). Free lobe long, parallel sided, mesial angle broadly rounded, lateral angle nearly square with ten long setae (Fig. 12 D). Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, proximal part curved, distal part nearly straight, apex rounded; basal lobe tongue-shaped (Fig. 12 F). Right paramere: shaft slender and parallel sided proximally, distal third curved, apex narrowly rounded; pars stridens processus with ca 25 ridges (Fig. 12 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2450FFB1FDBCF945FC12F945.taxon	etymology	Etymology This new species is named after the country of the type locality.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2450FFB1FDBCF945FC12F945.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Hanoi, Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 17 Dec. 2011; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1127; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Hanoi • 16 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; NHMW • 1 ♀; Ba Vi N. P., Khanh Thuong, Mit stream, forest area; 80 m a. s. l.; 17 Dec. 2011; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1124; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ba Vi N. P., Minh Quang, Cai stream; 65 m a. s. l.; 17 Dec. 2011; Q. H Ngo. et al. leg.; TAD 1126; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Ba Vi N. P., Minh Quang, stream nearby Tan Vien Pagoda; 340 m a. s. l.; 26 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1206; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Ba Vi N. P., Minh Quang, Cai stream; 65 m a. s. l.; 26 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1207; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 27 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1208; ZRC • 5 ♂♂; Ba Vi N. P., Yen Bai, Mo stream; ca 114 m a. s. l.; 28 Apr. 2012; Q. H Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1211; ZVNU. – Lao Cai Prov. • 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Sa Pa, Seo Trung Ho stream; 22 Oct. 2012; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 12.05; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Sa Pa, Nam Sai, Seo Nam Sai stream 1; 24 Oct. 2012; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 12.09; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Sa Pa, Nam Sai, Seo Nam Sai stream 2; 24 Oct. 2012; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 12.10; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Sa Pa, Thanh Phu, Nam Cang stream; 26 Oct. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1359; ZVNU. – Cao Bang Prov. • 1 ♂; Ha Quang, road 203, Truong Ha commune, stream near Kim Dong tomb; 17 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1371; ZVNU • 6 ♀♀; Phia Oac-Phia Den N. P., road to Quang Thanh commune, Na Leng stream; 29 Oct. 2020; V. V. Nguyen et al. leg.; PO 20 - 06; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Phia Oac-Phia Den N. P., road to Quang Thanh commune, Khue Lan stream; 29 Oct. 2020; V. V. Nguyen et al. leg.; PO 20 - 07; ZVNU. – Lang Son Prov. • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Loc Binh, Mau Son, Khuoi Tang stream, 590 m a. s. l.; 6 Nov. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 34; ZVNU • 12 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Loc Binh, Mau Son, Long Dau stream; 300 m a. s. l.; 7 Nov. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 36; ZVNU. – Phu Tho Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 2, near bridge; 7 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1338; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Kim Thuong, Xoan stream; 28 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1343; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 1, water from underground; 29 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1349; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 3, by the road to Tan Son; 29 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1351; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., stream flows through the road, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.662 ′ N, 104 ° 56.236 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1402; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., stream flows through the road, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.662 ′ N, 104 ° 56.236 ′ E; 21 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1502; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., stream flows through the road, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.662 ′ N, 104 ° 56.236 ′ E; 24 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8502; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 28 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1415; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 3; 21 ° 11.393 ′ N, 104 ° 52.625 ′ E; 28 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1416; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xoan stream, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.453 ′ N, 104 ° 56.122 ′ E; 21 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1501; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1507; ZVNU • 3 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; T. S. Nguyen leg.; 6 May 2016, TS 1607; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 8 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, Ha Bang village area; 21 ° 04.343 ′ N, 104 ° 59.182 ′ E; 25 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1510; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, near Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.311 ′ N, 104 ° 56.202 ′ E; 23 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1511; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 1, water flowing from the cave; 21 ° 11.096 ′ N, 104 ° 52.587 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1514; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 24 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1515; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Xoan stream, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.453 ′ N, 104 ° 56.122 ′ E; 24 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8501; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 3; 21 ° 11.393 ′ N, 104 ° 52.625 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8516; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 23 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1509; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8509; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1609; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8517; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1617; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 2, near concrete bridge; 21 ° 09.130 ′ N, 104 ° 56.761 ′ E; 29 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1418; ZVNU • 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 2, near concrete bridge; 21 ° 09.130 ′ N, 104 ° 56.761 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1518; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 3, in front of the cave; 21 ° 01.190 ′ N, 104 ° 56.624 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1519; ZVNU • 15 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 3, in front of the cave; 21 ° 01.190 ′ N, 104 ° 56.624 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1619; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Tan Ong stream, 2 km from Chin Tang stream; 21 ° 04.201 ′ N, 104 ° 56.906 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1504; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Tan Ong stream, 2 km from Chin Tang stream; 21 ° 04.201 ′ N, 104 ° 56.906 ′ E; 25 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8504; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Tan Ong stream, 4 km from Chin Tang stream; 21 ° 04.288 ′ N, 104 ° 57.271 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1405; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Tan Ong stream, 4 km from Chin Tang stream; 21 ° 04.288 ′ N, 104 ° 57.271 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1505; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, Ha Bang village area; 21 ° 04.343 ′ N, 104 ° 59.182 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1410; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, Ha Bang village area; 21 ° 04.343 ′ N, 104 ° 59.182 ′ E; 25 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1510; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, Ha Bang village area; 21 ° 04.343 ′ N, 104 ° 59.182 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1610; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Chieng stream, near ranger station; 21 ° 06.072 ′ N, 104 ° 59.433 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1408; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, near the foot of Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.311 ′ N, 104 ° 56.202 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1411; ZVNU • 4 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, near the foot of Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.311 ′ N, 104 ° 56.202 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8511; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, near the foot of Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.311 ′ N, 104 ° 56.202 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1611; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, the first concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 5 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1332; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, the first concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 8.398 ′ N, 104 ° 56.303 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8512; ZVNU • 17 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, the first concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 8.398 ′ N, 104 ° 56.303 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1612; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, the second concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 5 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1333; ZVNU • 13 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, the second concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.322 ′ N, 104 ° 56.256 ′ E; 23 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1513; ZVNU • 14 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Lap stream, the second concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.322 ′ N, 104 ° 56.256 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1613; ZVNU. – Hoa Binh Prov. • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Lac Son, Tu Do commune, Mu stream (upstream of Mu waterfall); 27 Aug. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 01; ZVNU. – Thanh Hoa Prov. • 1 ♀; Ben En N. P., Nhu Xuan, Tan Binh, stream 300 m behind Xuan Ly ranger station; 26 Feb. 2013; T. D. Pham leg.; BE 1302; ZVNU. – Nghe An Prov. • 1 ♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem waterfall and stream, site # 1; 20 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1203; ZVNU • 11 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 2, ca 300 m downstream from waterfall; 20 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1204; ZVNU • 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 3; 20 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1205; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 4; 20 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1206; ZVNU • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Con Cuong, Tung Huong Village, Khe Thoi stream; 21 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1210; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem waterfall and stream, site # 1; 18 Apr. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1310; ZVNU • 3 ♀♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem waterfall and stream, site # 2, ca 300 m downstream from waterfall; 18 Apr. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1311; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 3, near visitor’s hut; 18 Apr. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1312; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 6; 18 Apr. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1315; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Pu Mat N. P., Kem waterfall and stream; 30 Aug. 2020; A. D. Tran, P. L. Le and T. C. Nguyen leg.; TAD 20 - 06; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Pu Mat N. P., Kem stream, site 3, ca 1.5 km from waterfall; 30 Aug. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 08; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Pu Mat N. P., Chat stream, tributary of Choang stream; 1 Sep. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 14; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Pu Mat N. P., Da Mai stream, tributary of Choang stream, near ranger post; 1 Sep. 2020; A. D. Tran and T. C. Nguyen leg.; TAD 20 - 16; ZVNU. – Ha Tinh Prov. • 1 ♀; Vu Quang N. P., a small branch of Song Con River; 23 Apr. 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0303; ZRC.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2450FFB1FDBCF945FC12F945.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 5 J – L). Frons and vertex pale yellowish, vertex with a longitudinal brown mark medially, eyes blackish brown. Pronotum yellowish brown with a pair of dark brown transverse marks. Hemelytron hyaline light yellowish. In most of specimens: clavus bordered with dark brown mark, becoming thicker on anterior margin; corium with two dark brown marks on middle part; a dark brown mark extending towards membrane; membrane generally transculent, brownish. Some specimens collected from Cao Bang and Phu Tho with variations in colour pattern of hemelytra. In some specimens from Phu Tho Prov. (Fig. 5 K, at localities TS 1510, TS 1511): markings on hemelytra distinct but brighter overall, marks in middle part more fused into one large mark, and a dark mark (resembling inverted A-shape) just before membrane; membrane light coloured. In specimens from Cao Bang Prov. (Fig. 5 L): markings on hemelytra indistinct, less contrasting against background colour of hemelytra; membrane light coloured. Venter of thorax and abdomen brownish yellow and legs pale yellow. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 1.63 – 2.16 (holotype: 1.83), width 0.94 – 1.13 (holotype: 1.08). Head width 0.68 – 0.77 (holotype: 0.74). Pronotum short, about five times as wide as long (0.79: 0.16). Pronotum slightly wider than head. Synthlipsis about 1.5 times wider than posterior width of an eye (0.35: 0.24). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.3, tibia 0.18, pala 0.14; middle leg: femur 0.74, tibia 0.27, tarsus 0.36, claw 0.2; hind leg: femur 0.58, tibia 0.4, tarsus I 0.41, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.04. Prestrigilar flap on segment V with a short apex (Fig. 12 B). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 1.63 – 2.09, width 0.94 – 1.19. Head width 0.71 – 0.77. Pronotum about five times as wide as long (0.76: 0.16). Pronotum slightly wider than head. Synthlipsis about 1.3 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.33: 0.24). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.23, tibiotarsus 0.27; middle leg: femur 0.67, tibia 0.21, tarsus 0.36, claw 0.2; hind leg: femur 0.6, tibia 0.36, tarsus I 0.41, tarsus II 0.18, claw 0.09.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2450FFB1FDBCF945FC12F945.taxon	distribution	Distribution Northern Vietnam: Lao Cai, Cao Bang, Phu Tho, Ha Noi, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2450FFB1FDBCF945FC12F945.taxon	discussion	Remarks This new species may be related to the group of M. anatolica, M. arcuata sp. nov., M. acuminata sp. nov., and M. fulvopicta sp. nov., as it also has the elongate sub-rectangular free lobe, the broad and flat shaft of the left paramere, and the slender, distally curved shaft of the right paramere. It has strong dark pattern on the dorsum like M. fulvopicta sp. nov., but its dark marks are usually slenderer, and the patterns on the corium are different, sometimes indistinct (see Fig. 5 L). The left paramere of M. vietnamica sp. nov. has a rather straight shaft and a trapezoid basal lobe, while in the four species mentioned above, the left paramere has a more sinuate lateral margin of the shaft and the basal lobe is either subovate or subrectangular. The right paramere of M. vietnamica sp. nov. is slenderer and strongly curved at the distal third, while that of the four species above is bent or curved at the distal fourth. In addition, the palar claw of M. vietnamica sp. nov. is much broader and has a different outline compared to that of M. anatolica, M. arcuata sp. nov., M. acuminata sp. nov., and M. fulvopicta sp. nov.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF245CFFB5FE15F947FEA6FE70.taxon	description	Figs 13 A, 14 A – D	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF245CFFB5FE15F947FEA6FE70.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.7 – 1.8. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally light brown. Hemelytron with small, irregular-shaped reddish marks, mostly on costal part; embolium with a longitudinal dark grey stripe and two brown patches (Fig. 13 A). Males: fore femur with two spines on middle third, a spine on distal third dorsally, and a pair of spines distally; fore tibia with three large and one small spine on distal third; palar claw distally widened, apical margin rounded. Median lobe of sternite VII narrow, with pointed apex and four long setae (Fig. 14 A). Free lobe slightly expanded distally, mesial angle rounded, lateral angle slightly produced with ca 20 long setae, posterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 14 B). Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, with a deep notch along lateral margin near base, then followed by a triangular projection, distal part parallel sided, apex of paramere rounded; basal lobe longer than wide, sub-trapezoid (Fig. 14 D). Right paramere: shaft slender proximally and club-shaped apically (Fig. 14 C).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF245CFFB5FE15F947FEA6FE70.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Lao Cai Prov. • 36 ♂♂, 31 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Thanh Phu, near junction of Nam Cang and Muong Hoa streams; 26 Oct. 2013; Q. H. Ngo leg.; TAD 1360; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Hoang Lien N. P., Cat Cat; 1 Jun. 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0336; ZRC. – Ha Giang Prov. • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Bac Me, road 176, Minh Son commune, stream at Ban Van bridge; 7 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1403; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; Yen Minh, Na Khe commune, stream near Nat’ road 4 C; 8 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1404; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂; Vi Xuyen, Xin Chai commune, Da stream by the road from Thanh Thuy to Lao Chai; 9 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1405; ZVNU • 15 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Vi Xuyen, Nat’ road 2, Phuong Tien commune, Suu stream, near bridge; 9 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1406; ZVNU • 7 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Vi Xuyen, Nat’ road 2, Phuong Tien commune, Suu stream, near bridge; 9 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1407; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Vi Xuyen, National road 4 C, Thuan Hoa commune, Nam Dieng stream, ca 12.5 km to Ha Giang city; 9 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1409; ZVNU • 1 ♂, Xin Man, road 178, tributary of Nam Yen River, near bridge ca 2 km from Coc Pai town; 11 May 2014; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1412; ZVNU. – Cao Bang Prov. • 5 ♂♂, 20 ♀♀; Trung Khanh, Duc Hong commune, stream; 19 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1376; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Bao Lac, Dinh Phung commune, near Tung Suu, stream by the Nat’ road 34; 20 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1378; ZVNU • 20 ♂♂, 29 ♀♀; Bao Lac, Hung Dao commune, Nhi Ao River, near Nam Xui bridge; 20 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1380; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Bao Lac, Bao Toan commune, Na Roa Village, Khuoi Rong stream, tributary of Gam River; 20 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1381; ZVNU. – Phu Tho Prov. • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 3, by the road to Tan Son; 7 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1339; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, near its confluence with Xoan stream; 21 ° 5.318 ′ N, 104 ° 58.87 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1506; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.453 ′ N, 104 ° 56.122 ′ E; 21 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1501; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1609; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Chieng stream, near ranger station; 21 ° 06.072 ′ N, 104 ° 59.433 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1408; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Chieng stream, near ranger station; 21 ° 06.072 ′ N, 104 ° 59.433 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1508; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Chieng stream, near ranger station; 21 ° 06.072 ′ N, 104 ° 59.433 ′ E; 25 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8508; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Chieng stream, near ranger station; 21 ° 06.072 ′ N, 104 ° 59.433 ′ E; 6 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1608; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1617; ZVNU. – Thanh Hoa Prov. • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Pu Hu Nature Reserve, Muong Lat, Trung Ly, Co Luong, Cha Lan stream; 4 Apr. 2013; T. D. Pham leg.; PH 1301; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂; Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Ba Thuoc, Co Lung, Ban Khuyn, Khuyn stream; 18 Mar. 2013; T. D. Pham leg.; PL 1303; ZVNU. – Nghe An Prov. • 24 ♂♂, 29 ♀♀; Ky Son, Nat’ road 7, Ta Ca commune, Loi stream; 16 Apr. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1301; ZVNU • 9 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Ky Son, Nat’ road 7 at km 191 + 572, stream at Ban Na bridge; 16 Apr. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1304; ZVNU • 43 ♂♂, 34 ♀♀; Ky Son, Nat’ road 7 at km 182 + 950, stream at Khe Nan bridge; 16 Apr. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1305; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Con Cuong, Lien Huong Village, Khe Thoi stream; 21 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1209; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Con Cuong, Tung Huong Village, Khe Thoi stream; 21 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1210; ZVNU. – Ha Tinh Prov. • 9 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Vu Quang N. P., Song Con River; 23 Apr. 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0302; ZRC.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF245CFFB5FE15F947FEA6FE70.taxon	distribution	Distribution China, Thailand (Nieser et al. 2005; Chen et al. 2006). First records for Vietnam.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF245CFFB5FE15F947FEA6FE70.taxon	discussion	Remarks Nieser et al. (2005) already noted the similarity (right paramere) and differences (body length, dorsal colour pattern, and left paramere) between M. ornitheia and M. sanctaecatherinae Hutchinson, 1940, which is only known from India and Sri Lanka. Nieser et al. (2005) also made a comparison between the parameres of M. ornitheia, M. pocsi and related species from China and India. See also Remarks under M. clavata sp. nov. for additional differences between M. ornitheia and other similar species occurring in Vietnam.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2458FFB5FDF5FE79FB3CFA29.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.6 – 1.8. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally brown. Hemelytron with brown markings, weakly contrasting with greyish background. Males: fore femur with two stout spines on middle part; tibia without spine; palar claw widened distally, apex rounded. Median lobe of sternite VII narrow, with four long setae and a pointed apex. Free lobe expanded distally, mesial angle produced and rounded, posterior margin concave. Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, with a triangular projection nearer to base, distal part parallel sided, apex of paramere rounded; basal lobe large, tongue-shaped. Right paramere: shaft slender proximally and pre-apically with a small notch in upper margin, apical part widened, flap-like (based on description by Wróblewski 1967: figs 1 – 5).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2458FFB5FDF5FE79FB3CFA29.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined No material available.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2458FFB5FDF5FE79FB3CFA29.taxon	distribution	Distribution Currently only known from Vietnam, and possibly endemic to the country. Records from Vietnam: Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong), Nghe An, Ha Tinh (Wróblewski 1967).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2458FFB5FDF5FE79FB3CFA29.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species was reported from various localities in Vietnam, and we conducted samplings in some of those areas. Unfortunately, we have not yet obtained any fresh specimens of M. pocsi. This suggests that it is a rare species. If encountered, this species can easily be recognised by the unique structure of the right paramere (see Wróblewski 1967: fig. 1). See also Remarks under M. clavata sp. nov.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2458FFAAFF54F9B6FB9CFC02.taxon	description	Figs 13 B, 14 E – G	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2458FFAAFF54F9B6FB9CFC02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.8 – 2.0. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally pale brown. Hemelytron punctate, with transverse irregular-shaped dark marks (Fig. 13 B). Males: fore femur with two spines on proximal third, two spines on distal third, and one pair of spines distally; tibia with one spine in proximal third and a pair of spines distally; palar claw moderately widened distally, apex rounded. Median lobe of sternite VII with pointed apex and four long setae. Free lobe sub-rectangular, mesial angle rounded, lateral angle nearly square with ca 35 long setae, posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 14 E). Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, with a triangular projection in the middle of lateral margin, distal part parallel sided, apex rounded; basal lobe longer than wide, subtrapezoid (Fig. 14 G). Right paramere: shaft slender and parallel sided, curved near base and abruptly bent at distal fourth, apex narrowly rounded (Fig. 14 F).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2458FFAAFF54F9B6FB9CFC02.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Phu Tho Prov. • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.453 ′ N, 104 ° 56.122 ′ E; 21 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1501; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near Lang Village; 21 ° 5.453 ′ N, 104 ° 56.122 ′ E; 5 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1601; ZVNU • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 2, near concrete bridge; 21 ° 09.130 ′ N, 104 ° 56.761 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8518; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2458FFAAFF54F9B6FB9CFC02.taxon	distribution	Distribution Thailand (Nieser et al. 2004). First record for Vietnam.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2458FFAAFF54F9B6FB9CFC02.taxon	discussion	Remarks Nieser et al. (2004) considered this species related to M. anatolica. The right paramere of M. tuwanoni appears similar to that of M. anatolica, both being strongly bent apically. However, the basal part of the right paramere’s shaft is curved in M. tuwanoni while it is straight in the latter species. Based on the presence of a triangular projection on the lateral margin of the left paramere and the similar shape of the median lobe of sternite VII, we consider that this species, more closely related to M. ornitheia, M. pocsi, and M. clavata sp. nov. See Remarks under M. clavata sp. nov. for further details.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2447FFA8FD95FB8CFB65F812.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 4 B 1 E 7 DD- 177 F- 498 A- 9 A 98 - 80185920 F 66 D Figs 13 C – D, 15	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2447FFA8FD95FB8CFB65F812.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.4 – 1.7. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum colour variable. Hemelytron with irregular-shaped light brown marks, sometimes indistinct (Fig. 13 C – D). Males: fore femur with two spines on proximal third ventrally, one spine on distal third dorsally, one pair of spines distally, and one long seta dorsodistally; fore tibia without spine; palar claw moderately widened distally, apex rounded (Fig. 15 A). Median lobe of sternite VII with angular apex and three or four long setae (Fig. 15 C). Free lobe sub-rectangular, mesial angle rounded, lateral angle nearly square, with ca 10 long setae, posterior margin straight (Fig. 15 D). Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, with a triangular projection in the middle of lateral margin, distal part tapering towards rounded apex; basal lobe large, sub-rectangular (Fig. 15 F). Right paramere: shaft slender and parallel sided proximally, distal fourth curved, club-shaped with a truncate tip; pars stridens processus with about 20 ridges (Fig. 15 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2447FFA8FD95FB8CFB65F812.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet refers to the club-shaped apex of the right paramere.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2447FFA8FD95FB8CFB65F812.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Cao Bang Prov., Ha Quang, road 203, Truong Ha commune, stream near Kim Dong tomb; 17 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1371; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Cao Bang Prov. • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; ZVNU. – Phu Tho Prov. • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Chieng stream, near ranger station; 21 ° 06.072 ′ N, 104 ° 59.433 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1408; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, near its confluence with Xoan stream; 21 ° 5.318 ′ N, 104 ° 58.87 ′ E; 6 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1606 ĐT; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, Ha Bang village area; 21 ° 04.343 ′ N, 104 ° 59.182 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1610; ZRC • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1609; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Kim Thuong, Xoan stream; 28 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1343; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 1, water from underground; 29 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1349; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 3, in front of cave; 21 ° 01.190 ′ N, 104 ° 56.624 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1519; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 3, in front of cave; 21 ° 01.190 ′ N, 104 ° 56.624 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8519 ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1515; ZVNU. – Hanoi • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 17 Dec. 2011; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1127; NHMW • 7 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 27 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1208; ZVNU. – Ha Tinh Prov. • 1 ♀; Vu Quang N. P., Song Con River; 23 Apr. 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0302; ZRC.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2447FFA8FD95FB8CFB65F812.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 13 C – D). With two colour forms, especially colour pattern of hemelytra. Darker form, with distinct dark marks on dorsum (specimens from Phu Tho Prov.): frons and vertex pale yellowish, eyes dark reddish brown. Pronotum light brown. Clavus with a discrete dark brown stripe parallel to suture margin, and a transverse brown mark at anterior margin. Corium with three distinct longitudinal stripes, confluent posteriorly. Membrane translucent and brown. Venter of thorax and abdomen dark brown and legs brownish yellow. Paler form with dorsum generally light yellowish brown (specimens from Cao Bang Prov.): frons and vertex pale, eyes dark reddish brown. Pronotum pale yellowish brown. Hemelytron hyaline light yellowish. Clavus with brown suture margin. Corium with light brown longitudinal stripes indistinct. Membrane transculent, light yellowish. Venter of thorax and abdomen light yellowish orange, legs pale yellow. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 1.53 – 1.75 (holotype: 1.69), width 0.84 – 1.02 (holotype: 0.95). Head width 0.59 – 0.72 (holotype: 0.67). Head slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum short, about four times as wide as long (0.61: 0.14). Synthlipsis about 1.4 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.27: 0.19). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.22, tibia 0.10, pala 0.13; middle leg: femur 0.52, tibia 0.18, tarsus 0.25, claw 0.16; hind leg: femur 0.43, tibia 0.27, tarsus I 0.30, tarsus II 0.12, claw 0.05. Prestrigilar flap on segment V tongue-shaped (Fig. 15 B). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 1.37 – 1.81, width 0.72 – 1.02. Head width 0.59 – 0.68. Head slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum about four times as wide as long (0.61: 0.14). Synthlipsis 1.6 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.27: 0.17). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.18, tibiotarsus 0.18; middle leg: femur 0.5, tibia 0.18, tarsus 0.25, claw 0.14; hind leg: femur 0.42, tibia 0.27, tarsus I 0.27, tarsus II 0.12, claw 0.04.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2447FFA8FD95FB8CFB65F812.taxon	distribution	Distribution Northern Vietnam (Cao Bang, Phu Tho).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2447FFA8FD95FB8CFB65F812.taxon	discussion	Remarks Among species of Micronecta occurring in Vietnam, four species, namely M. ornitheia, M. pocsi, M. tuwanoni, and M. clavata sp. nov., are most similar to each other, in having a triangular projection on the margin of the shaft of the left paramere. This structure is also present in the left paramere of M. erythra. However, the right paramere of M. erythra is evenly curved throughout the length of its shaft, while that of four species above is nearly straight or only curved near the base of the shaft. The key structure which can help to reliably separate M. ornitheia, M. pocsi, M. tuwanoni, and M. clavata sp. nov. from each other is the apical part of the right paramere. In M. ornitheia, it is widened, with a small tip making it resemble a bird head. In M. pocsi, it is flap-like, with a small notch on the upper margin before apical part. In M. tuwanoni, the shaft of the right paramere is bent at the distal fourth and the apical part is not widened but tapering towards its tip. In M. clavata sp. nov., it is club-shaped and its tip is more truncate, not modified. The left paramere of these four species also has diagnostic features. In M. ornitheia, the triangular projection is situated near to the base of the shaft, and there is a distinct notch basally to the projection; and the basal lobe is longer than wide, and sub-trapezoid. In M. pocsi, the triangular projection is also nearer to the base of shaft, but there is no notch on the lateral margin; and the basal lobe is sub-triangular. In M. tuwanoni, the triangular projection arises on the proximal third (thus nearer to the base) of the shaft, and the basal lobe is trapezoid. In M. clavata sp. nov., the triangular projection is near to the middle part of the lateral margin of the shaft, and the basal lobe is sub-rectangular.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2444FFAFFD96FEB0FC52FE50.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 78 EEDB 2 B- 1576 - 42 AE- 95 A 5 - 424 B 0 E 821218 Figs 13 E, 16	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2444FFAFFD96FEB0FC52FE50.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.0 – 2.2. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum colour brown. Hemelytron punctate, generally brownish. Males: fore femur with a pair of spines on middle third, one spine in distal third dorsally, and two spines distally; fore tibia without spine; palar claw moderately widened distally, apex rounded (Fig. 16 A). Median lobe of sternite VII with angular, acute apex and four long setae (Fig. 16 C). Free lobe short, distally widened, both angles nearly square, lateral with ca 25 long setae, mostly on lateral margin (Fig. 16 D). Left paramere: shaft broad, flat, tapering towards a slightly swollen, rounded apex, and with a small process near apex; basal lobe longer than wide, sub-rectangular (Fig. 16 F). Right paramere: distal part of shaft widened and folded into a gutter-like structure, with a lobe on one side, apex narrowly rounded; base with a distinct hump on mesial side, near base of shaft; pars stridens processus with ca 20 ridges (Fig. 16 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2444FFAFFD96FEB0FC52FE50.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet refers to the sinuate and folded tip of the right paramere.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2444FFAFFD96FEB0FC52FE50.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Lao Cai Prov., Sa Pa, Ban Den, Ta Van, Muong Hoa stream; 24 Apr. 2011; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 11.13; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Lao Cai Prov. • 18 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀; samle locality data as for holotype; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Hoang Lien N. P., Cat Cat; 1 Jun. 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0336; ZRC • 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Cat Cat, Muong Hoa stream; 22 Apr. 2011; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 11.01; NHMW • 9 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Su Pan, Cau May, Muong Hoa stream; 24 Apr. 2011; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 11.12; ZVNU • 30 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀; Sa Pa, km 110 Nat. Road # 4 D, Ngoi Duoi stream; 25 Apr. 2011; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 11.14; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sa Pa, Nam Sai, Seo Nam Sai stream 1; 24 Oct. 2012; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 12.09; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Sin Chai, Muong Hoa stream (Cat stream); 27 Oct. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1365; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Sa Pa, Cat Cat, Muong Hoa stream (Cat stream); 27 Oct. 2013; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1367; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2444FFAFFD96FEB0FC52FE50.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 13 E). Dorsum generally sordid brown. Frons and vertex light yellowish, eyes dark brown. Pronotum sordid brown, with a yellowish longitudinal stripe on anterior part and two yellowish transverse stripes on posterior part, stripes usually indistinct. Hemelytron generally brownish, embolium hyaline, with brown mark along suture with corium. Membrane translucent. Venter of thorax and abdomen brownish yellow, legs pale greyish yellow. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 2.06 – 2.35 (holotype: 2.25), width 0.88 – 1.1 (holotype: 1.06). Head width 0.72 – 0.81 (holotype: 0.76). Pronotum about 2.4 times as wide as long (0.90: 0.38). Pronotum wider than head. Synthlipsis about 1.3 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.4: 0.3). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.27, tibia 0.2, pala 0.14; middle leg: femur 0.67, tibia 0.25, tarsus 0.38, claw 0.25; hind leg: femur 0.54, tibia 0.4, tarsus I 0.41, tarsus II 0.14, claw 0.08. Prestrigilar flap on segment V with prolonged apex (Fig. 16 B). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 2.1 – 2.22, width 0.94 – 1.0. Head width 0.77 – 0.83. Pronotum about 2.6 times as wide as long (0.93: 0.36). Pronotum wider than head. Synthlipsis about 1.6 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.41: 0.26). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.3, tibiotarsus 0.24; middle leg: femur 0.74, tibia 0.28, tarsus 0.33, claw 0.25; hind leg: femur 0.56, tibia 0.37, tarsus I 0.4, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.05.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2444FFAFFD96FEB0FC52FE50.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Lao Cai.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2444FFAFFD96FEB0FC52FE50.taxon	discussion	Remarks This new species appears most similar to M. prashadana Hutchinson, 1940 from Sri Lanka, in the general form of the parameres, the outline of palar claw, and the shape of the free lobe. In both species, the right paramere has a beak-like apical part, and the left paramere has a swollen, rounded apex. However, there are substantial differences between the two species. In M. sinuata sp. nov., the left paramere has its shaft gently tapering towards a slightly swollen, rounded apex; the basal lobe of the left paramere is well developed and sub-rectangular; the right paramere has a pre-apical lobe on the mesial side of the shaft, and the base of the right paramere has a distinct hump on its mesial side, near the base of shaft. In M. prashadana, the shaft of the left paramere is swollen on the basal part, and its apex more swollen and larger; the basal lobe of the left paramere is less developed, much narrower and subovate; the right paramere has a pre-apical lobe on the lateral side of shaft; and the base of the right paramere has no hump. Among species of Micronecta occurring in Vietnam, M. sinuata sp. nov. has a rather unique structure of both parameres, with no other species having a similar structure.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2442FFADFDA0FE5EFD61FC25.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 98 F 8 AC 39 - 93 D 8 - 4 C 61 - 900 B-B 3 BD 1 F 21 B 676 Figs 13 F, 17	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2442FFADFDA0FE5EFD61FC25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.9 – 2.2. Pronotum longer than median head length. Hemelytron with a broad, transverse, dark brown mark on greyish background (Fig. 13 F). Males: fore femur with two spines on middle third, one or two spines distally, and no long seta dorsodistally; fore tibia with one small spine on proximal third dorsally, and three spines on distal third; palar claw distally moderately widened, apex rounded (Fig. 17 A). Median lobe of sternite VII with narrow, pointed apex and four long setae (Fig. 17 C). Free lobe short, distally widened and wavy, both angles nearly square, without long setae; posterior margin strongly sinuate (Fig. 17 D). Left paramere: shaft relatively short and broad, apex truncate, with two ridges running to lateral margin, thus forming two triangular projections on lateral margin; basal lobe longer than wide, sub-rectangular (Fig. 17 F). Right paramere: shaft parallel sided, slightly curved at proximal part, abruptly constricted at distal third, apical part wavy and lobate; pars stridens processus with 18 – 27 ridges (Fig. 17 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2442FFADFDA0FE5EFD61FC25.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet refers to the wavy, undulating free lobe.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2442FFADFDA0FE5EFD61FC25.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Phu Tho Prov., Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8517; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Phu Tho Prov. • 10 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; NHMW • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 2, near bridge; 7 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1338; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 3, by the road to Tan Son; 7 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1339; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Kim Thuong, Xoan stream; 28 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1343; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 3, by the road to Tan Son; 29 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1351; ZRC • 11 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1407; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 6 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1607; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 23 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1509; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, Xoan village area; 21 ° 05.270 ′ N, 104 ° 57.591 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1609; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1515; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 3; 21 ° 11.393 ′ N, 104 ° 52.625 ′ E; 28 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1416; ZVNU • 8 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 3; 21 ° 11.393 ′ N, 104 ° 52.625 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 8516; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, near its confluence with Xoan stream; 21 ° 5.318 ′ N, 104 ° 58.87 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1406; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, near its confluence with Xoan stream; 21 ° 5.318 ′ N, 104 ° 58.87 ′ E; 6 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1606 ĐT; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Tan Ong stream, 4 km to Chin Tang stream; 21 ° 04.288 ′ N, 104 ° 57.271 ′ E; 26 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1405; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Tan Ong stream, 4 km to Chin Tang stream; 21 ° 04.288 ′ N, 104 ° 57.271 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1505; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1617; ZVNU • 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 2, near concrete bridge; 21 ° 09.130 ′ N, 104 ° 56.761 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1518; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2442FFADFDA0FE5EFD61FC25.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 13 F). Dorsum generally brownish grey. Frons and vertex pale yellowish, eyes blackish brown. Pronotum greyish brown. Hemelytron with greyish background. Clavus with brown punctures near anterior margin. Corium with a broad transverse dark brown mark in the middle. Membrane generally dark brown, more hyaline apically. Venter of thorax and abdomen greyish brown and legs pale yellow or nearly whitish. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 1.94 – 2.19 (holotype: 2.03), width 0.94 – 1.06 (holotype: 1.00). Head width 0.81 – 0.83 (holotype: 0.76). Pronotum about 2.4 times as wide as long (0.87: 0.36). Pronotum slightly wider than head. Synthlipsis about 1.3 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.37: 0.29). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.32, tibia 0.14, pala 0.14; middle leg: femur 0.67, tibia 0.25, tarsus 0.34, claw 0.21; hind leg: femur 0.56, tibia 0.40, tarsus I 0.39, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.16. Prestrigilar flap on segment V crescent-shaped (Fig. 17 B). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 1.94 – 2.03, width 1.0 – 1.03. Head width 0.81 – 0.82. Pronotum about 2.6 times as wide as long (0.88: 0.34). Pronotum slightly wider than head. Synthlipsis about 1.4 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.39: 0.27). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.29, tibiotarsus 0.27; middle leg: femur 0.72, tibia 0.29, tarsus 0.36, claw 0.22; hind leg: femur 0.52, tibia 0.36, tarsus I 0.42, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.16.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2442FFADFDA0FE5EFD61FC25.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Phu Tho.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2442FFADFDA0FE5EFD61FC25.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. pingae sp. nov.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2440FFA3FD92FBA4FD61FB6B.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 AA 8 EB 22 - 6 D 08 - 4894 - 81 DA-E 9 CE 0 D 648 CFD Figs 13 G – H, 18	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2440FFA3FD92FBA4FD61FB6B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.8 – 2.4. Pronotum longer than median head length. With dark and pale colour forms (Fig. 13 G – H). Males: fore femur with one pair of spines on proximal third ventrally, one longer spine on distal third dorsally, two spines distally, and one long seta dorsodistally; fore tibia with two long spines on distal third ventrally; palar claw distally moderately widened, apex rounded (Fig. 18 A). Median lobe of sternite VII with three or four long setae and an angular apex (Fig. 18 C). Free lobe short, distally strongly widened, posterior margin straight, lateral corner broadly notched, with a row of uniformly short, dark coloured setae restricted to lateral angle (Fig. 18 D). Left paramere: shaft relatively short and broad, with two ridges running to lateral margin, with the proximal ridge forming a triangular projection on lateral margin; mesial margin sinuate distally; apex tongue-shaped; basal lobe sub-triangular, directed towards paramere’s apex (Fig. 18 F). Right paramere: shaft with sinuate sides, abruptly constricted and bent at the middle part, apical part wavy and lobate (Fig. 18 E); pars stridens processus with ca 25 ridges.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2440FFA3FD92FBA4FD61FB6B.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after Dr Nico Nieser in honour of his great contributions to the taxonomy and our knowledge of Micronectidae.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2440FFA3FD92FBA4FD61FB6B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Lao Cai Prov., Sa Pa, Thanh Phu, Nam Cang stream; 26 Oct. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1359; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Lao Cai Prov. • 16 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; NHMW • 7 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Hoang Lien N. P., Cat Cat; 1 Jun. 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0336; ZRC • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Hoang Lien N. P., Sin Chai; 1 Jun. 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0337; ZRC • 1 ♂; Sa Pa Ban Den, Ta Van, Muong Hoa stream; 24 Apr. 2011; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 11.13; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Sa Pa, Nui Xe, Tram Ton area, tributary of Vang stream; 23 Apr. 2011; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 11.07; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂; Sa Pa, Ban Ho, Nam Pu stream 1; 21 Oct. 2012; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 12.01; ZVNU • 11 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Nam Cang, Nam Cang stream; 23 Oct. 2012; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 12.08; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Sa Pa, Nam Sai, Seo Nam Sai stream 2; 24 Oct. 2012; N. H. Dinh et al. leg.; DNH 12.10; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Sa Pa, Ban Ho, Nam Pu stream (tributary of Muong Hoa stream), site 1, at lower section; 26 Oct. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1361; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂; Sa Pa, Trung Chai, km 119 Nat. Road # 4 D; 28 Oct. 2013; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1370; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2440FFA3FD92FBA4FD61FB6B.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 13 G – H). With variations in colour of dorsum pattern of hemelytra, a dark form and a pale form. Most specimens with dark dorsum, generally darker in males (Fig. 13 G): frons and vertex brownish, eyes dark reddish brown. Pronotum dark brown (males) or light brownish yellow (females). Hemelytron generally light brownish, with ill-defined dark marks; in some specimens with minute reddish dots. Membrane translucent and generally brown. Venter of thorax and abdomen yellowish brown (males) or light yellow (females), legs pale yellow. Some specimens with pale, bright dorsum (Fig. 13 H): frons and vertex pale, eyes reddish brown. Pronotum sordid yellow but a little bit darker than vertex. Hemelytron without dark marks. Right membrane with similar colour and texture to corium. Left membrane generally hyaline. Venter pale yellow and legs very pale yellow or nearly whitish. Sample at locality TAD 1359 with both colour forms. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 2.13 – 2.44 (holotype: 2.31), width 1.0 – 1.30 (holotype: 1.25). Head width 0.82 – 1.01 (holotype: 0.95). Pronotum well developed, about 2.4 times as wide as long (0.94: 0.40). Pronotum slightly wider than head. Synthlipsis 1.2 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.36: 0.29). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.38, tibia 0.20, pala 0.23; middle leg: femur 0.85, tibia 0.30, tarsus 0.36, claw 0.20; hind leg: femur 0.50, tibia 0.41, tarsus I 0.41, tarsus II 0.18, claw 0.07. Prestrigilar flap on segment V prolonged, with weakly acute apex (Fig. 18 B). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 1.84 – 2.3, width 0.8 – 1.0. Head width 0.88 – 0.9. Pronotum well developed, about 2.5 times as wide as long (0.94: 0.37). Pronotum slightly wider than head. Synthlipsis 1.5 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.41: 0.27). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.32, tibiotarsus 0.3; middle leg: femur 0.81, tibia 0.38, tarsus 0.35, claw 0.25; hind leg: femur 0.59, tibia 0.32, tarsus I 0.4, tarsus II 0.2, claw 0.09.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2440FFA3FD92FBA4FD61FB6B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Lao Cai.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2440FFA3FD92FBA4FD61FB6B.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. pingae sp. nov.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244EFFA6FD92FB75FDC4FCE0.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 B 2 C 7138 - D 9 CD- 4 B 1 C-B 894 - C 256 CCA 5 B 05 A Figs 13 I – J, 19	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244EFFA6FD92FB75FDC4FCE0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.1 – 2.6. Pronotum longer than median head length. With dark and pale colour forms (Fig. 13 I – J). Males: fore femur with two spines on proximal third ventrally, one large spine on middle third, one longer spine in distal third dorsally, one pair of spines distally, and one long seta dorsodistally; fore tibia with a pair of long spines on distal third ventrally; palar claw moderately widened distally, apex rounded (Fig. 19 A). Median lobe of sternite VII with three or four long setae and a narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 19 C). Free lobe short, strongly widened distally, posterior margin convex medianly and both corners broadly notched, with a row of uniformly short, dark coloured setae restricted to lateral notch (Fig. 19 D). Left paramere: shaft relatively short and broad, with a pre-apical ridge running to lateral margin, forming a large triangular projection on lateral margin; lateral margin notched on proximal part; mesial margin sinuate distally; apex truncate; basal lobe tongue-shaped, directed towards paramere’s apex (Fig. 19 F). Right paramere: shaft broad, abruptly constricted and bent at middle part, mesial margin of proximal part convex, apical part strongly wavy and lobate, apex narrowly rounded; pars stridens processus with ca 30 ridges (Fig. 19 E).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244EFFA6FD92FB75FDC4FCE0.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is dedicated to Dr Chen Ping-ping, for her significant contributions to the taxonomy and our knowledge of Micronectidae.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244EFFA6FD92FB75FDC4FCE0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Nghe An Prov., Ky Son, Nat’ road 7, Ta Ca commune, Loi stream; 16 Apr. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1301; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Nghe An Prov. • 10 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; NHMW • 5 ♂♂; Con Cuong, Lien Huong Village, Khe Thoi stream; 21 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1209; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Con Cuong, Tung Huong Village, Khe Thoi stream; 21 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1210; ZRC • 1 ♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem waterfall and stream, site # 2, ca 300 m downstream from waterfall; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; 18 Apr. 2013; TAD 1311; ZVNU. – Cao Bang Prov. • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Bao Lac, Hung Dao commune, Nhi Ao River, near Nam Xui bridge; 20 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1380; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244EFFA6FD92FB75FDC4FCE0.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 13 I – J). With variations in colour of dorsum and pattern of hemelytra (a dark form and a pale form). Dark form (specimens from site TAD 1380, Cao Bang Prov. and TAD 1301, Nghe An Prov.) with dorsum generally light brown (Fig. 13 I): frons and vertex brownish yellow to brown; eyes reddish brown. Pronotum pale yellowish brown. Hemelytron with minute red dots scattered especially on orangish band along anterior margin of clavus, and on boundary between corium and embolium. Corium with three brown marks in middle part, usually fused into one irregular-shaped mark. Right membrane with similar colour and texture to corium, more translucent apically. Left membrane translucent and brown. Venter of thorax and abdomen pale yellow to yellowish brown, and legs very light pale yellow or nearly whitish. Pale form (specimens at site TAD 1301, Nghe An Prov.) (Fig. 13 J): frons, vertex, and pronotum pale yellowish. Hemelytron with indistinct marks, more like scattered small orangish dots. Membrane with similar colour and texture to corium, more translucent apically. Venter of thorax and abdomen pale yellow, and legs very light pale yellow or nearly whitish. Structural characteristics MACROPTEROUS MALES. Body length 2.19 – 2.63 (holotype: 2.38), width 1.0 – 1.25 (holotype: 1.23). Head width 0.84 – 0.87 (holotype: 0.85). Pronotum 2.75 times as wide as long (0.99: 0.36). Pronotum wider than head. Synthlipsis about 1.6 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.41: 0.26). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.30, tibia 0.18, pala 0.20; middle leg: femur 0.77, tibia 0.34, tarsus 0.43, claw 0.25; hind leg: femur 0.49, tibia 0.41, tarsus I 0.41, tarsus II 0.22, claw 0.05. Prestrigilar flap on segment V with prolonged apex (Fig. 19 B). Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, free lobe, and parameres as in diagnosis. MACROPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 2.13 – 2.5, width 1.0 – 1.28. Head width 0.81 – 0.85. Pronotum 2.5 times as wide as long (0.90: 0.36). Pronotum wider than head. Synthlipsis 1.6 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.40: 0.25). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.27, tibiotarsus 0.29; middle leg: femur 0.72, tibia 0.29, tarsus 0.38, claw 0.2; hind leg: femur 0.5, tibia 0.36, tarsus I 0.33, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.05.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244EFFA6FD92FB75FDC4FCE0.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Cao Bang, Nghe An.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244EFFA6FD92FB75FDC4FCE0.taxon	discussion	Remarks Three new species, M. undulata sp. nov., M. nieseri sp. nov., and M. pingae sp. nov., are apparently related to each other and to M. janssoni Nieser, Chen & Yang, 2005 from Yunnan (China) by having the left paramere with transverse ridge (s) or grooves on its shaft, a strongly modified apical part of the right paramere, and by the outline of the palar claw. Among these four species, M. undulata sp. nov. is most similar to M. janssoni in the general outline of the prestrigilar flap on segment V, the shape of the median lobe of sternite VII, the broad truncate apex of the left paramere, and the shape of the basal lobe of the left paramere. The characteristics which separate these two species include the structure of the free lobe, the ridges on the left paramere, and the shape of the apical part of the right paramere. In M. undulata sp. nov., the free lobe is wavy distally, and without long setae, while in M. janssoni, it is only slightly sinuate at the apical margin and with long setae on the lateral angle. The left paramere of M. undulata sp. nov. has two transverse ridges on its shaft, one near the base, and one near the apex, while that of M. janssoni has one transverse ridge near the base of shaft and three less distinct grooves on the distal third of the shaft. The apical part of the right paramere is also differently modified in these two species (compare Fig. 17 E with Nieser et al. 2005: fig. 16). In a parallel manner, M. nieseri sp. nov. is most similar to M. pingae sp. nov. in the general outline of the prestrigilar flap on segment V, the shape of the basal lobe of the left paramere, the notch on the lateral margin near the base of the left paramere shaft, and the sinuate mesial margin of the left paramere. They can easily be separated from each other by the following characteristics. In M. nieseri sp. nov., the median lobe of sternite VII has an angular apex; the free lobe has a broadly notched lateral corner; and the left paramere has two transverse ridges, one near the basal notch and one near to the tounge-like apex. In M. pingae sp. nov., the median lobe of sternite VII is narrowly rounded; the free lobe has both lateral and mesial corners broadly notched; and the left paramere has only one transverse ridge pre-apically which runs into a triangular projection and has a truncate apex. The apical part of the right paramere of M. nieseri sp. nov. and M. pingae sp. nov. are both strongly modified, but differently, with that of M. nieseri sp. nov. being more elongate, and that of M. pingae sp. nov., by contrast, being shorter and broader, with a more acuminate tip. Both M. nieseri sp. nov. and M. pingae sp. nov. have various colour forms, with both having a paler form in which the hemelytra generally are pale yellow and without distinct markings.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244BFFA7FE53FCE5FAA6FC68.taxon	description	Figs 13 K, 20	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244BFFA7FE53FCE5FAA6FC68.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.4 – 3.3. Pronotum slightly shorter than median head length. Dorsum generally greyish. Pronotum with a transverse brown stripe, sometimes broken in the middle. Hemelytron with numerous dark brown spots; embolium with three dark spots. Males: Fore femur, palar claw (Fig. 20 A), median lobe of sternite VII, and free lobe (Fig. 20 B) as in diagnosis of subgenus. Fore tibia with two spines ventrodistally. Left paramere: shaft stout, with knoblike apex; basal lobe tongue-shaped, directed towards apex of paramere (Fig. 20 D). Right paramere: shaft relatively slender, curved at distal third, slightly widened, then tapering towards a narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 20 C).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244BFFA7FE53FCE5FAA6FC68.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Ninh Binh Prov. • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Gia Vien, Van Long Wetland Nature Reserve; 25 Aug. 2002; Q. K. Hoang and V. K. Dinh leg.; VNNB 0201; ZRC. – Binh Dinh Prov. • 5 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀; Phu My District, Tra O Lagoon; 10 May 2012; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1216; ZVNU. – Dong Nai Prov. • 1 ♀; Cat Tien N. P., Bau Sau (Crocodile Lake); 13 Nov. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0910; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Bo Hao lotus pond; 15 Apr. 2010; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1010; ZVNU. – Ba Ria-Vung Tau Prov. • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Con Dao, Dam Trau area, Ong Ta stream; 13 Apr. 2010; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1009; ZVNU. – Ca Mau Prov. • 1 ♀; U Minh District, Khanh An commune, 14 hamlet; 17 Apr. 2018; T. A. N. Nguyen leg.; CM 1819; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244BFFA7FE53FCE5FAA6FC68.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Hanoi, Quang Ninh, Ha Tinh (Wróblewski 1962, 1967, as M. punctata); first records for Ninh Binh and southern provinces of Vietnam. Other countries: widespread from India and Sri Lanka through Southeast Asian mainland to Sumatra, Java, and Bali (Nieser 2002 b).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF244BFFA7FE53FCE5FAA6FC68.taxon	discussion	Remarks Micronecta haliploides can immediately be recognised by the distinct dark spots scattered on the hemelytra. In this species the knob-like apex of the left paramere is also unique within Micronecta.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2449FFA5FE78FEB0FDFDFE4D.taxon	description	Figs 21 A, 22 A – C	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2449FFA5FE78FEB0FDFDFE4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.2 – 2.9. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally yellowish brown. Hemelytron with four interrupted, longitudinal, brown stripes; embolium with four black spots (Fig. 21 A). Males: fore femur with a pair of spines on proximal third ventrally, four spines on distal third; fore tibia with two spines on distal third ventrally; palar claw widened distally, apex rounded. Median lobe of sternite VII and free lobe (Fig. 22 A) as in diagnosis of subgenus. Left paramere: shaft relatively thick, with sickle-shaped apex, mesial side before apical part covered with small scales (Fig. 22 C). Right paramere: shaft long and slender, gently curved at distal third and tapering from there towards a narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 22 B).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2449FFA5FE78FEB0FDFDFE4D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Quang Nam Prov. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 45.439 ′ N, 108 ° 07.577 ′ E; Aug. 2016; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1614; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 46.308 ′ N, 108 ° 06.621 ′ E; Aug. 2016; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1629; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 44.865 ′ N, 108 ° 07.81 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1701; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 45.312 ′ N, 108 ° 07.377 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1707; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 45.341 ′ N, 108 ° 07.393 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1708; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 46.355 ′ N, 108 ° 07.079 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1725; ZVNU. – Dong Nai Prov. • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Bo Hao Lake, west side; 10 Apr. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0905; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Cat Tien N. P., Bau Sau (Crocodile Lake); 6 Nov. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0929; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Bo Hao Lake, east side, near forest ranger station; 10 Apr. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0906; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2449FFA5FE78FEB0FDFDFE4D.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Quang Ninh, Hanoi, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri (Wróblewski 1962, 1967); first records for Quang Nam, Dong Nai. Other countries: widespread from the Middle East, through southern Asia, southeastern Asia, to eastern Asia and to Australia (Wróblewski 1972 b; Nieser & Chen 1999; Tinerella 2008, 2013; Zettel et al. 2017; Polhemus 2017).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2449FFA5FE78FEB0FDFDFE4D.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. altera.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2448FFD8FE5DFE4DFC87FAFB.taxon	description	Figs 21 B, 22 D – H	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2448FFD8FE5DFE4DFC87FAFB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.4 – 3.1. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally yellowish brown. Hemelytron with four interrupted, longitudinal, brown stripes; embolium with four black spots (Fig. 21 B). Males: fore femur with a pair of spines on proximal third, two spines on middle third; fore tibia with two large spines on distal third; palar claw widened distally, with a small notch in the middle, apex rounded (Fig. 22 D). Median lobe of sternite VII and free lobe (Fig. 22 E) as in diagnosis of subgenus. Left paramere: shaft relatively thick, with sickle-shaped apex, mesial side before apical part covered with small scales; basal lobe subovate (Fig. 22 G – H). Right paramere: shaft long and slender, clearly thickened at proximal half, then curved and tapering towards narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 22 F).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2448FFD8FE5DFE4DFC87FAFB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Lang Son Prov. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Loc Binh, Mau Son, Khuoi Tang stream; 590 m a. s. l.; 6 Nov. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 34; ZVNU. – Phu Tho Prov. • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Kim Thuong, Chieng stream, near ranger station; 28 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1345; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Chieng stream, near ranger station; 21 ° 06.072 ′ N, 104 ° 59.433 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1508; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 2, near bridge; 7 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1338; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Than stream, site 2; 21 ° 11.257 ′ N, 104 ° 52.382 ′ E; 24 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1515; ZVNU. – Hanoi • 8 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Nhue River, Noi bridge; 25 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Thanh Huong Lake (used for recreational fishing), near Khuat Duy Tien Road (Thanh Xuan District); 29 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 04; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; paddy-field near Noi Bridge of Nhue River; 4 May 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 15; ZVNU • 7 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; Lotus pond 2 near West Lake Water Park (right); 30 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 02; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Lotus pond 2 near West Lake Water Park (right); 20 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 02; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Lotus pond 2 near West Lake Water Park; 17 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 02; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Lotus pond 1 near West Lake Water Park; 17 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 01; ZVNU • 17 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Nhue River, at Lien Mac area; 25 Mar. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; HN 08; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; paddy-field at Thuan Village, Phu Lam ward (Ha Dong District); 31 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 11; ZVNU • 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Nhue River; 18 Aug. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1017; ZVNU • 11 ♂♂, 30 ♀♀; Nhue River; 18 Aug. 2010; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1018; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; paddy-field at Dai Mo area (Tu Liem District); 4 May 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 13; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; paddyfield at Ngoc Truc area (Tu Liem District); 4 May 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 14; ZVNU • 1 ♂; West Lake; 17 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 03; ZVNU • 5 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Linh Dam Lake; 30 Mar. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 05; ZVNU • 7 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Linh Dam Lake; 20 Apr. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 05; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Day River, at Mai Linh Bridge (Ha Dong District); 21 Apr. 2010; T. M. Pham leg.; HN 12; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Thanh Xuan District; 7 Aug. 2019; V. P. Nguyen leg.; NVP 1901; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ba Vi N. P., Khoang Xanh, Tien stream; 95 m a. s. l.; 17 Dec. 2011; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1127; ZVNU • 5 ♀♀; Ba Vi N. P., Minh Quang, Cai stream; 65 m a. s. l.; 26 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1207; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂; Ba Vi N. P., Minh Quang, Cai stream; 65 m a. s. l.; 17 Dec. 2011; Q. H. Ngo et al. leg.; TAD 1126; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Ba Vi N. P., Khanh Thuong, Mit stream, open area near Village; 40 m a. s. l.; 26 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo and A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1205; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Ba Vi N. P., Ba Trai, Ri stream; 67 m a. s. l.; 27 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; TAD 1209; ZVNU. – Thanh Hoa Prov. • 1 ♂; Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Ba Thuoc, Co Lung, Ban Khuyn, Khuyn stream; 18 Mar. 2013; T. D. Pham leg.; PL 1303; ZVNU. – Quang Nam Prov. • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 46.355 ′ N, 108 ° 07.079 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1725; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 46.978 ′ N, 108 ° 07.334 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1724; ZVNU. – Binh Dinh Prov. • 2 ♂♂; Phu My District, Tra O lagoon; 10 May 2012; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 1216; ZVNU. – Binh Thuan Prov. • 2 ♂♂; Phan Thiet City, Huynh Thuc Khang road, Tien stream; 11 May 2019; T. N. Ha leg.; NHPT 19.01; ZVNU. – Dong Nai Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da stream, near Rang Rang Forest station (near bridge); 9 Apr. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0902; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2448FFD8FE5DFE4DFC87FAFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution Sri Lanka, India, East Pakistan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Vietnam (Wróblewski 1972 a).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2448FFD8FE5DFE4DFC87FAFB.taxon	discussion	Remarks Wróblewski (1972 a) clearly indicated that the holotype and paratypes of M. altera were all from Sri Lanka, and noted that he had seen examples of this species from India, Pakistan, Thailand, Hong Kong, and Vietnam, but without providing specific locality data. However, subsequent studies by various heteropterists did not provide any additional reports of this species from Southeast Asia again. Nieser (2000), when producing his key to Southeast Asian Micronecta, apparently overlooked M. altera and did not include it. Based on numerous samples as above, we now confirm the occurrence of this species in Vietnam. Among subsequent studies dealing with M. quadistrigata and another closely related species, M. kymatista Nieser & Chen, 1999, only Nieser & Chen (1999) made a brief comparative reference to M. altera. Tinerella (2008, 2013) also commented on this species, questioning the potential conspecificity between M. quadristrigata, M. altera, and M. kymatista. As Wróblewski (1972 a) previously noted, there are a few differences between M. quadristrigata and M. altera, including the body length (M. altera is slightly larger than M. quadristrigta), the fore tibia and pala (M. altera has larger ones), the shape of the palar claw (M. altera has a small notch in the middle), the shaft of the right paramere (that of M. altera is longer, clearly thicker on the basal half, then gradually tapering on the apical half, while that of M. quadristrigata is mostly parallel sided and only tapering on the apical fifth), and the curvature between the base and the shaft of the left paramere, opposite the basal lobe (which is about 90 ° in M. altera, and is clearly greater than 90 ° in M. quadristrigata) (compare Fig. 22 B, F). Our samples help to confirm the observation by Wróblewski (1972 a) that M. quadristrigata and M. altera are separate species, and that the detailed structures of the parameres provide reliable characters. It is notable that the body lengths of M. quadristrigata and M. altera, as provided by Wróblewski (1972 a: table 1), had overlapping ranges, although that of M. altera fell into the larger range. Based on such comparative morphological features, it seems that illustrations of specimens of M. quadristrigata in Chen et al. (2015) belong to M. altera instead. However, we do not have access to these specimens to confirm this speculation. Among three species of the subgenus Sigmonecta, M. kymatista Nieser & Chen, 1999 is most similar to M. quadristrigata in the appearance of parameres. For comparison between these two species, see Nieser & Chen (1999: 83).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2435FFD9FE65FA8CFD46FE19.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.1 – 2.3. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally dark brown or greyish brown. Hemelytron greyish brown with indistinct dark brown stripes. Males: pala with a secondary claw; primary palar claw parallel sided, apex truncate. Median lobe of sternite VII short, with an angular apex. Free lobe with lateral angle produced, posterior margin nearly straight, mesial angle rounded. Left paramere: shaft styliform, slightly expanded before narrowly rounded apex; basal lobe broad, subovate. Right paramere: shaft evenly curved and tapering towards pointed apex (based on description by Hutchinson 1940: figs 178 – 186).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2435FFD9FE65FA8CFD46FE19.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined No material available.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2435FFD9FE65FA8CFD46FE19.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Lao Cai (Sa Pa), Hanoi (Wróblewski 1962, 1967). Other country: India (Assam) (Wróblewski 1968).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2435FFD9FE65FA8CFD46FE19.taxon	discussion	Remarks See further Remarks under M. polhemusi.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFD9FE3FFD99FDAFF8F1.taxon	description	Figs 21 D, 23 A – D	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFD9FE3FFD99FDAFF8F1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.3 – 2.4. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally dark brown. Hemelytron greyish brown without darker brown patches; embolium yellowish or light brown, with a thin dark stripe near mesial margin (Fig. 21 D). Males: pala with a secondary claw; primary palar claw sub-triangular, strongly widened distally (Fig. 23 A). Median lobe of sternite VII narrow and long, with a narrowly rounded apex. Free lobe with mesial angle rounded, posterior margin nearly straight, lateral angle well-produced, ca 20 long setae on lateral side of free lobe (Fig. 23 B). Left paramere: shaft styliform, tapering towards narrowly rounded apex, apical part slightly twisted; basal lobe relatively short and broadly rounded (Fig. 23 D). Right paramere: shaft with mesial side nearly straight proximally, lateral side evenly curved, slightly thickened in the middle, then tapering towards blunt apex (Fig. 23 C).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFD9FE3FFD99FDAFF8F1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Phu Tho Prov. • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 1, water from underground; 7 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1337; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Kim Thuong, Xoan stream; 28 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1343; ZVNU • 14 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Dong Son, Than stream, site 1; 29 Aug. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1346; ZVNU • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 05.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 27 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1407; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Lap stream, the first concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.398 ′ N, 104 ° 56.303 ′ E; 28 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1412; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂; Lap stream, the second concrete bridge from Ngoc waterfall; 21 ° 08.322 ′ N, 104 ° 56.256 ′ E; 28 Aug. 2014; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1413; ZVNU. – Nghe An Prov. • 12 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Con Cuong, Lien Huong Village, Khe Thoi stream; 21 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1209; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFD9FE3FFD99FDAFF8F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution First record for Vietnam. Other country: China (Yunnan).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFD9FE3FFD99FDAFF8F1.taxon	discussion	Remarks See Remarks under M. polhemusi.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFDFFE47F8F1FA97FAAD.taxon	description	Figs 21 C, 23 E – G	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFDFFE47F8F1FA97FAAD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 2.4 – 2.8. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally dark grey. Hemelytron: corium with hyaline lines; embolium dark brown with dark pattern (Fig. 21 C). Males: pala with a secondary claw; primary palar claw widened distally, apex rounded. Median lobe of sternite VII short and broad, with an angular apex. Free lobe subparallel sided, with mesial angle rounded, posterior margin nearly straight, lateral angle well-produced, ca 16 – 23 long setae on lateral side of free lobe (Fig. 23 E). Left paramere: shaft styliform, tapering towards narrowly rounded apex, apical part slightly twisted; basal lobe relatively short and broad (Fig. 23 G). Right paramere: base of shaft with a distinct swelling, proximal part subparallel sided, from distal fourth tapering towards narrowly rounded apex (Fig. 23 F).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFDFFE47F8F1FA97FAAD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Lao Cai Prov. • 1 ♂; Sa Pa, Nui Xe area, Vang stream and its tributaries; 25 Oct. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 19; ZVNU. – Quang Ninh Prov. • 1 ♀; Dong Rui (in bonsai pot); 13 Sep. 2019; T. A. N. Nguyen leg.; ZVNU. – Lam Dong Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Da Lat, Suoi Vang, 18 km NW of Da Lat; 21 May 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0331; ZRC.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFDFFE47F8F1FA97FAAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Dong Nai (Cat Tien) (Nieser 2000). The records by Tran et al. (2014) from Phu Tho Prov. were a misidentification. After a re-examination, we determine them as M. melanochroa. Other countries: Thailand, Singapore (Nieser 2000, 2002 b), and Cambodia (Polhemus 2017).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2434FFDFFE47F8F1FA97FAAD.taxon	discussion	Remarks Three species, M. polhemusi, M. khasiensis, and M. melanochroa, may easily be confused because of their dark dorsum and their similar parameres. Detailed structures of the parameres and primary palar claw, however, provide reliable characters for separating them. The base of right paramere shaft of M. polhemusi has a large swelling, which is indistinct or absent in the other two species. Micronecta khasiensis can be separated from M. melanochroa by the male primary palar claw and detailed structures of the parameres. The primary palar claw of M. khasiensis is narrow and parallel sided, while that of M. melanochroa is broader and strongly widened apically. The primary palar claw of M. pohemusi is club-shaped, and moderately widened apically. The left paramere of M. khasiensis is slightly expanded before the narrowly rounded apex, while that of M. melanochroa has a slightly twisted apical part. The right paramere of M. khasiensis has a pointed apex, while that of M. melanochroa has a blunt apex.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2432FFDDFDDBFA69FB2FF812.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 826 E 598 E-CEF 2 - 4 A 77 - AA 7 B- 6403633 B 323 C Figs 21 E, 24	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2432FFDDFDDBFA69FB2FF812.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.5 – 1.9. Pronotum distinctly shorter than median head length; lateral margin of pronotum very short. Dorsum colour yellowish brown. Hemelytron punctate, with scattered small light brownish spots; suture between clavus, corium, and membrane indistinct (Fig. 21 E). Males: fore femur with two spines in distal third dorsally; fore tibia without spine; palar claw narrow, evenly curved (Fig. 24 A). Median lobe of sternite VII with angular apex and four long setae (Fig. 24 B). Free lobe absent. Left paramere: shaft broad and flat, distal part with ca five transverse wrinkles, apex rounded; basal lobe longer than wide, sub-trapezoid (Fig. 24 D). Right paramere: shaft relatively slender, tapering towards apex, gently curved at distal third, apex narrowly rounded (Fig. 24 C); pars stridens processus with ca 30 ridges.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2432FFDDFDDBFA69FB2FF812.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet refers to the wrinkles on the left paramere.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2432FFDDFDDBFA69FB2FF812.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined All are hindwing-brachypterous. Holotype VIETNAM • ♂; Nghe An Prov., Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 3; 20 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1205; ZVNU. Paratypes VIETNAM – Nghe An Prov. • 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality data as for holotype; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 4; 20 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1206; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 5; 20 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1207; ZVNU • 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 6; 20 Dec. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; NQH 1208; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂; Pu Mat N. P., Khe Kem stream, site # 5; 18 Apr. 2012; Q. H. Ngo leg.; TAD 1314; ZVNU • 9 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Pu Mat N. P., Chat stream, tributary of Choang stream; 1 Sep. 2020; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 20 - 14; ZVNU • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; ZRC • 1 ♂; Pu Mat N. P., Choang stream, near Ban Bu; 1 Sep. 2020; A. D. Tran and T. C. Nguyen leg.; TAD 20 - 17; NHMW. – Cao Bang Prov. • 1 ♂; Hoa An, stream at Ban Say bridge; 17 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1372; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂; Quang Uyen, road 207, Doc Lap commune, stream # 2; 18 Dec. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1374; ZVNU. – Phu Tho Prov. • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Ban Coi, Coi stream, site 3, by the road to Tan Son; 7 Jun. 2013; A. D. Tran et al. leg.; TAD 1339; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1507; ZVNU • 1 ♀; Xuan Son N. P., Xoan stream, near its confluence with Ha Bang stream; 21 ° 5.303 ′ N, 104 ° 57.559 ′ E; 6 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1607; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Xuan Son N. P., Ha Bang stream, near its confluence with Xoan stream; 21 ° 5.318 ′ N, 104 ° 58.87 ′ E; 22 May 2015; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1506; ZVNU • 2 ♂♂; Xuan Son N. P., Coi stream, site 1, by the road to Tan Son; 21 ° 09.204 ′ N, 104 ° 56.927 ′ E; 8 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1617; ZVNU • 2 ♀♀; Ha Bang stream, Ha Bang village area; 21 ° 04.343 ′ N, 104 ° 59.182 ′ E; 7 May 2016; T. S. Nguyen leg.; TS 1610; ZVNU. – Lam Dong Prov. • 1 ♂; Bao Loc, Damb’ri waterfall; 19 May 2003; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0326; ZRC.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2432FFDDFDDBFA69FB2FF812.taxon	description	Description COLOUR (Fig. 21 E). Frons and vertex light yellowish, eyes reddish. Pronotum light brownish yellow. Hemelytron light yellow with scattered small light brownish spots. Membrane with similar colour to corium, but more translucent. Hindwings absent. Venter of thorax and abdomen, and legs pale yellow. Structural characteristics HINDWING- BRACHYPTEROUS MALES. Body length 1.57 – 1.88 (holotype: 1.75), width 0.81 – 1.03 (holotype: 1.00). Head width 0.6 – 0.72 (holotype: 0.68). Head slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum very short, mostly covered by head, about 7.2 times as wide as long (0.65: 0.09). Synthlips about 1.35 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.27: 0.20). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.24, tibia 0.13, pala 0.12; middle leg: femur 0.58, tibia 0.2, tarsus 0.29, claw 0.2; hind leg: femur 0.42, tibia 0.3, tarsus I 0.3, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.05. Prestrigilar flap on segment V absent. Strigil present. Median lobe of sternite VII, and parameres as in diagnosis. HINDWING- BRACHYPTEROUS FEMALES. Body length 1.56 – 1.9, width 0.86 – 1.03. Head width 0.6 – 0.74. Head slightly wider than pronotum. Pronotum very short, mostly covered by head, about 7 times as wide as long (0.67: 0.10). Synthlips about 1.4 times as wide as posterior width of an eye (0.29: 0.21). Lengths of leg segments: fore leg: femur 0.23, tibiotarsus 0.2; middle leg: femur 0.59, tibia 0.22, tarsus 0.26, claw 0.18; hind leg: femur 0.38, tibia 0.3, tarsus I 0.32, tarsus II 0.17, claw 0.05.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2432FFDDFDDBFA69FB2FF812.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Cao Bang, Phu Tho, Nghe An, Lam Dong.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF2432FFDDFDDBFA69FB2FF812.taxon	discussion	Remarks Micronecta caperata sp. nov. has a mixed set of characteristics that does not allow its placement in any of the currently recognised subgenera of Micronecta. It is probably the only species of Micronecta that has no free lobe of tergite VIII. Its palar claw is very narrow and constricted pre-apically, which is similar to that of the subgenus Indonectella (resepresented by only one species, M. grisea). However, M. caperata sp. nov. has a strigil on segment VI, while the strigil is absent in Indonectella. The very short pronotum of this species is similar to that of M. johorensis Fernando, 1964, M. dentifera Nieser, 2002, and M. eucosmeta Hutchinson, 1940, but the parameres of M. caperata sp. nov. are completely different from those of these three species. The left paramere is broad and flat, which is a characteristic of the nominate subgenus Micronecta. The outline of the right paramere of M. caperata sp. nov. is relatively similar to that of M. ceylonica Wrósblewski, 1968, but its left paramere is distinctly different from that of the latter. The left paramere, with wrinkles on distal part of shaft, is unique for M. caperata sp. nov. Although this new species does not fit into any of the recognised subgenus, we refrain from establishing a new subgenus for a single species, until an intrageneric phylogenetic analysis of Micronecta becomes available. We thus temporarily do not assign this species to any of the current subgenera.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD2FDF0FEB0FB07F981.taxon	description	Figs 21 F, 25 A – D	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD2FDF0FEB0FB07F981.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.8 – 2.2. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally light brown. Hemelytron with four broken longitudinal stripes, usually confluent posteriorly; embolium with three brown patches, usually fused into a longitudinal stripe (Fig. 21 F). Males: palar claw parallel sided, broadly curved, with a notch before apex; apex pointed (Fig. 25 A). Median lobe of sternite VII triangular with rounded apex and one long setae. Free lobe widened distally, mesial angle obtuse, posterior margin convex, lateral angle nearly square, with ca 10 long setae on lateral side (Fig. 25 B). Left paramere: shaft styliform, relatively stout, with distal part dark brown, apex blunt; basal lobe short and subovate (Fig. 25 D). Right paramere: shaft with proximal part parallel sided and nearly straight, distal third evenly curved and tapering towards pointed apex (Fig. 25 C).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD2FDF0FEB0FB07F981.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Binh Thuan Prov. • 14 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀; Phan Thiet City, Huynh Thuc Khang street, Suoi Tien stream; 11 May 2019; T. N. Ha leg.; NHPT 19.01; ZVNU. – Dong Nai Prov. • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Cat Tien N. P., Dak-Lua stream (near Dak-Lua station); 9 Apr. 2010; A. D. Tran and T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1001; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD2FDF0FEB0FB07F981.taxon	distribution	Distribution First records for Vietnam (Binh Thuan, Dong Nai). Other countries: Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi (Nieser 2002 b).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD2FDF0FEB0FB07F981.taxon	discussion	Remarks The illustration of the parameres of M. fugitans from Peninsular Malaysia by Wróblewski (1968) appears different from those of M. fugitans illustrated by Lundblad (1933 b). Wróblewski (1968) also noted these differences. We think that the specimens studied by Wróblewski (1968) may belong to another species, not M. fugitans. Our samples from Vietnam perfectly match the illustration of M. fugitans by Lundblad (1933 b). The dark distal part of the shaft of the left paramere, and the shape of the palar claw are important diagnostic characterstics for determining this species. Note that the shape of its right paramere is very similar to that of M. tarsalis, but this is the only similarity between the two species.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD0FDEAF903FDCFFB07.taxon	description	Figs 21 G, 25 E – H	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD0FDEAF903FDCFFB07.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length 1.8 – 2.1. Pronotum longer than median head length. Dorsum generally yellowish brown. Pronotum with an indistinct dark brown stripe. Hemelytron with four broken longitudinal brown stripes, sometimes indistinct; embolium with four dark spots (Fig. 21 G). Males: palar claw parallel sided, proximally straight, with a pointed pre-apical tooth, apex hooked (Fig. 25 E). Median lobe of sternite VII with short, angular apex and two long setae. Free lobe: both angles angularly obtuse, posterior margin straight, lateral side strongly expanded, convex with ca 14 long setae (Fig. 25 F). Left paramere: shaft slender, pre-apically curved and slightly twisted, apex narrowly rounded; basal lobe short and subovate (Fig. 25 H). Right paramere: shaft evenly curved, distal fourth tapering towards pointed apex (Fig. 25 G).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD0FDEAF903FDCFFB07.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Quang Nam Prov. • 1 ♂; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 44.885 ′ N, 108 ° 07.351 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1706; ZVNU • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Duy Xuyen District, My Son temple complex; 15 ° 46.228 ′ N, 108 ° 07.155 ′ E; Apr. 2017; T. D. Chu leg.; MS 1723; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD0FDEAF903FDCFFB07.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Ninh Binh, Ha Tinh (Wróblewski 1967); first record for Quang Nam. The record by Tran et al. (2011) from Hanoi was a misidentification, those specimens belong to M. jaczewskii. Other countries: Sri Lanka, southern India, Sulawesi (Nieser 2002 b).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243FFFD0FDEAF903FDCFFB07.taxon	discussion	Remarks Micronecta tarsalis is the only species in this genus that has the palar claw modified with a distinct apical hook and a pointed pre-apical tooth. This character state in this species does not match that in any known subgenus of Micronecta. The shape of the free lobe is also unique for this species. The left paramere of M. tarsalis is somewhat similar to that of M. polhemusi. The right paramere of this species is similar to that of M. fugitans.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243DFFD0FDF2FA8DFA97F812.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: Synaptonecta breddini Lundblad, 1933 by monotypy).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243DFFD0FDF2FA8DFA97F812.taxon	discussion	Remarks The genus Synaptoneta was established by Lundblad (1933 b) to include a single species, Synaptonecta breddini. In the same publication, Lundblad (1933 b) recognised Micronecta issa Distant, 1910 as a separate species, probably due to the fact that he studied specimens of different sexes and wing morphs, a macropterous female specimen as M. issa and a brachypterous male specimen (holotype) as S. breddini. This problem was pointed out by Hutchinson (1940) when he synonymised S. breddini with M. issa, thus also placing M. issa in Synaptonecta. Even after Hutchinson’s (1940) revision, Synaptonecta was sometimes not recognised as a separate genus, e. g., by Leong (1966), Wróblewski (1967, 1968). Only after the careful comparative study by Wróblewski (1972 a) has the generic rank of Synaptonecta been applied consistently. Also see Comparative notes under the genus Micronecta. There are currently two species of Synaptonecta, the widespread S. issa (Distant, 1910) and S. capillata Wróblewski, 1972, which seems to be restricted to Sri Lanka and is only known from female specimens.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243CFFD6FDE6FEB0FD97FCF1.taxon	description	Figs 21 H, 26	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243CFFD6FDE6FEB0FD97FCF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body length: brachypterous form 1.8 – 2.0, macropterous form 1.9 – 2.4. Brachypterous form with ovate body outline. Pronotum very short. Hemelytron covered with minute scales and dark spots; no suture between corium and clavus; embolium with seven dark patches distributed (Fig. 21 H). Males: Palar claw very narrowed, apex pointed (Fig. 26 A). Strigil present. Free lobe very narrow. Median lobe of sternite VII narrow, sub-triangular, with six long setae (Fig. 26 B). Left paramere: shaft constricted in the middle then widened apically (Fig. 26 D). Right paramere broad, with small barbs on mesial side and apical part (Fig. 26 C). Other characteristics as in Remarks for the genus above.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243CFFD6FDE6FEB0FD97FCF1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined VIETNAM – Dong Nai Prov. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Bo Hao lotus lake; 18 Apr. 2009; A. D. Tran leg.; TAD 0911; ZVNU • 1 ♂; Cat Tien N. P., Dak-Lua stream (near Dak-Lua station); 9 Apr. 2010; A. D. Tran and T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1001; ZVNU • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Vinh Cuu, Ma Da, Bo Hao lotus pond; 15 Apr. 2010; T. D. Pham leg.; PTD 1010; ZVNU.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243CFFD6FDE6FEB0FD97FCF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution Vietnam: Hanoi, Ninh Binh (Wróblewski 1967), first records for Dong Nai Other countries: widespread from South Asia (India, Sri Lanka) to Southeast Asia, including Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Java (Nieser 2002 b), and Cambodia (Polhemus 2017).	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
039F87AF243CFFD6FDE6FEB0FD97FCF1.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species can be easily separated from other micronectids in Vietnam and surrounding regions by the characterstics in the Diagnosis above.	en	Ha, Tuyet Ngan, Tran, Anh Duc (2021): Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 756: 1-82, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
