taxonID	type	description	language	source
039F1A65FFCAFFB4FF48EC0AFBE5E871.taxon	description	(Hemichordata, Enteropneusta, Spengelidae) In July – October of 1875, Antoine-Fortuné Marion had undertaken a dredging inventory of the deep-sea bottom to the south-east of the Bay of Marseille, to complete his previous studies of the littoral zone (Marion 1873). These dredging efforts were realized thanks to the financial support of a group of his friends (Talabot, Benet, Renouard, Meilhac, Mazel, Gallas and Martin). Among the most interesting discoveries he made was a new enteropneust species from yellowish sticky mud at 350 m depth in the area then called “ Plateau Marsilli ”. First Enteropneusta from Provence at this time, it was shortly described by Marion in 1876 as Balanoglossus talaboti, to honour one of his friends and sponsors. Later, he gave a very complete description of the species, pink-coloured, cylindrical and composed of a short anterior and conical proboscis, a collar where the mouth opens, and a trunk (Marion, 1885, 1886). Marion could observe the animal alive, crawling on the sediment surface of an aquarium for several weeks and noticed the emission of thick mucus with iodine smell when the animal was disturbed. Later, Spengel (1893) studied the enteropneusts of the Bay of Naples and subdivided the genus Balanoglossus in four genera, assigning Marion’s species to the genus Glandiceps, even becoming its type-species. The Enteropneusta, although not speciesrich, are part of the Hemichordata and as such have a major evolutionary interest due to their close relationships with both Echinodermata and Chordata. Glandiceps talaboti is a Mediterranean endemic species. It was later collected in bathyal mud of the Cassidaigne and Lacaze-Duthiers canyons (DPR 096 cruise, see photo, Zibrowius personal communication), possibly along Egyptian coasts near Alexandria, and also recently off Turkey (Çevik & Erguden 2005).	en	Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Bellan, Gerard, Bellan-Santini, Denise, Boudouresque, Charles-Francois, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Dias, Alrick, Faget, Daniel, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille, Lejeusne, Christophe, Perez, Thierry, Vacelet, Jean, Verlaque, Marc (2023): The Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille: 150 years of natural history. Zootaxa 5249 (2): 213-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3
039F1A65FFCAFFB4FF48EB5BFC24EAA1.taxon	description	Being among the first SME researchers to use SCUBA, in 1958 Laborel & Vacelet (1958) reported of surprisingly dense swarms of a small red mysid (Crustacea: Mysida) in the darkest reaches of a small underwater marine cave of the Bay of Marseille at Niolon. Closely resembling the well-known Atlantic species Hemimysis lamornae (Couch 1856), it was later recognized that such swarms were common in dark caves of the Marseille area, and that some of them were made of a new species, Hemimysis speluncola Ledoyer, 1963. For twenty years (1966 – 1986), the new species then became a model for behavioural ecology and ecophysiology, as it was found relatively easy to maintain in aquarium (e. g. Macquart-Moulin & Patriti 1966; Gaudy et al. 1980; Bourdillon & Castelbon 1983; Passelaigue & Bourdillon 1986). Among other things, H. speluncola displayed original horizontal circadian migrations in and out of caves to feed, in a way similar to the vertical migrations of deep-sea zooplankton. Suddenly, in the late 1990 s, concomitant with the first marine heat wave and invertebrate mass mortalities recorded in the NW Mediterranean, Chevaldonné & Lejeusne (2003) provided evidence that, in most of its known geographic range, H. speluncola had vanished, gradually being replaced by the more thermophilic Hemimysis margalefi Alcaraz, Riera & Gili, 1986. This was the first documented Mediterranean warming-induced species shift and it triggered a series of studies on the Hemimysis species (many of which cryptic) present in the Atlantic-Mediterranean area, to investigate their molecular phylogeography and evolutionary history. Today, cave-dwelling Hemimysis, including the nowendangered H. speluncola, have become a model to study the effect of natural habitat fragmentation on population connectivity (Lejeusne & Chevaldonné 2006; Rastorgueff et al. 2014).	en	Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Bellan, Gerard, Bellan-Santini, Denise, Boudouresque, Charles-Francois, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Dias, Alrick, Faget, Daniel, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille, Lejeusne, Christophe, Perez, Thierry, Vacelet, Jean, Verlaque, Marc (2023): The Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille: 150 years of natural history. Zootaxa 5249 (2): 213-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3
039F1A65FFCBFFB5FF48EB34FA9FEBF2.taxon	description	It is perhaps one of the most abundant seaweeds in the Mediterranean Sea, since it thrives from the infralittoral to the widely extended and widespread coastal detritic bottoms, in the circalittoral, where it is often dominant. It is also a particularly elegant macrophyte, resembling a calcified rosebud, hence its name, Peyssonnelia rosa-marina. Like many red algae, this seaweed can live in rather low irradiance down to ca. 100 m depth; it is an important producer of carbonate sediment and is furthermore an ecosystem engineer that takes a significant part in the construction of the coralligenous beds so characteristic of the Mediterranean. Yet, it has long been confused with its sister species, Peyssonnelia polymorpha, until the 1970 s. It was then very surprising to realize that such an abundant, conspicuous, and well-characterized species, both by its morphology and anatomy, had been overlooked for so long.	en	Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Bellan, Gerard, Bellan-Santini, Denise, Boudouresque, Charles-Francois, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Dias, Alrick, Faget, Daniel, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille, Lejeusne, Christophe, Perez, Thierry, Vacelet, Jean, Verlaque, Marc (2023): The Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille: 150 years of natural history. Zootaxa 5249 (2): 213-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3
039F1A65FFC5FFBBFF48EA9AFCFAEA71.taxon	description	Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus is a rare brightly colored fish species sampled for the first time in 1972, at 45 m depth on the outer slope of the barrier-reef off Toliara, SW Madagascar. Created in 1961 as a branch of the SME, the marine station of Toliara (Tuléar) hosted many scientists who studied the coral reef communities and described a number of new species of marine organisms, contributing largely to improve our knowledge on coral reef diversity. The half-banded flasherwrasse is known only from the south-west of the Indian Ocean, Madagascar and Comoro Islands, where this elusive and beautiful species remains a ‘ holy grail’ for photographers. It belongs to the Labridae, a highly diversified fish family, where sexual dimorphism is so pronounced that males, females and juveniles have often been described as separate species by early ichthyologists! Such color dimorphism is viewed as an adaptation to sexual selection and life in coral reefs, where it is more conspicuous than in other environments. Labrids play an important role in the trophic functioning of coral reefs due to their high abundance and diverse feeding behaviors, from small zooplanktivores, crustacean and mollusk feeders to large-sized piscivores. P. hemitaeniatus is a small (<12 cm) species feeding mainly on tiny planktonic crustaceans and participating with other species to the carbon transfer from the water column to mesophotic coral reef habitats.	en	Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Bellan, Gerard, Bellan-Santini, Denise, Boudouresque, Charles-Francois, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Dias, Alrick, Faget, Daniel, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille, Lejeusne, Christophe, Perez, Thierry, Vacelet, Jean, Verlaque, Marc (2023): The Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille: 150 years of natural history. Zootaxa 5249 (2): 213-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3
039F1A65FFC6FFB8FF48EC98FB70E906.taxon	description	The genus Lindaspio was created by Blake & Maciolek (1992), to accommodate two original spionid polychaetes species recovered from two different sedimented deep-sea hydrothermal vent areas in the Pacific. Later, polychaete material obtained from sediment at 150 m depth near an oil platform of the offshore oil field of N’Kossa, Congo (Central Western Africa), yielded a third species, Lindaspio sebastiena Bellan, Dauvin & Laubier, 2003. Other reports of this genus are very rare, the last one being a yet undescribed Lindaspio species from a whale-fall site on the S „ o Paulo Ridge (Sumida et al. 2016). The four species therefore appear to share a preference for reducing environments such as deep-sea sediments rich in decaying organic matter or hydrothermal fluids. Among their peculiarities, these species display unusually large gills, likely an adaptation to life in low-oxygen environments; in L. sebastiena, gills even display a “ felting ” that may be useful in further increasing gill surface area.	en	Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Bellan, Gerard, Bellan-Santini, Denise, Boudouresque, Charles-Francois, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Dias, Alrick, Faget, Daniel, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille, Lejeusne, Christophe, Perez, Thierry, Vacelet, Jean, Verlaque, Marc (2023): The Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille: 150 years of natural history. Zootaxa 5249 (2): 213-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3
039F1A65FFC7FFB9FF48EEF6FA9EEFB0.taxon	description	SME taxonomists also have taken part in the major adventure started with the 1977 discovery of deep-sea chemosynthetic animal communities. In the vicinity of hydrothermal vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 3 new species of Rhachotropis (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eusiridae) were collected by sediment traps at 1700 – 2750 m depth: Rhachotropis flamina Bellan-Santini, 2006, Rhachotropis licornia Bellan-Santini, 2006, and Rhachotropis pilosa Bellan-Santini, 2006. With 63 species (Horton et al. 2021) this genus is found in all oceans with a large bathymetric distribution (0 – 7160 m) (L ̂ rz et al. 2018). It is the most common amphipod genus in bathyal and abyssal zones. Morphologically, Rhachotropis have a delicate body with slender pereiopods, long antennae and sometimes dorsal processes. However, some of them display antennae bearing complex and puzzling structures called calceoli (present in R. pilosa and R. licornia) that are believed to be part of sensory organs. Cuplike receptacles, arranged serially on the antennae, would act as non-visual sensory organs, ensuring the perception of sound and vibration stimuli by the amphipods. These likely mechanoreceptors are found in several amphipod species (Hurley 1980, Lincoln & Hurley 1981, Bellan-Santini 2015); some could be involved in the detection of mates, others to detect preys. However, at hydrothermal vents, they could also be a good way to locate active fluid emissions.	en	Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Bellan, Gerard, Bellan-Santini, Denise, Boudouresque, Charles-Francois, Chevaldonné, Pierre, Dias, Alrick, Faget, Daniel, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Harmelin-Vivien, Mireille, Lejeusne, Christophe, Perez, Thierry, Vacelet, Jean, Verlaque, Marc (2023): The Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille: 150 years of natural history. Zootaxa 5249 (2): 213-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.2.3
