taxonID	type	description	language	source
039F4D1BE15C165DFF0A2D6A2A463D62.taxon	description	The main carpological meta-analyses gathers fruit characteristics of 64 taxa belonging to Laserpitum s. l. taxa, 48 of which are included in the ITS analyses (see Table 4 and Table S 2 for more detail on taxa and specific references). The ten ITS clades in which those 64 Laserpitium s. l. taxa are found to present the following carpological features: A. Ekimia clade: Fruit with either 6 or 11 vittae and hairless primary ribs in the mericarps. Some species with mericarps with 9 “ gyrose – plicate ” or “ moniliform ” wings instead of the classic Laserpitium s. l. wings, that is, secondary ribs forming well-developed membranous dorsal and lateral wings with an almost similar length. Other species with 4 classic Laserpitium s. l. wings (width range: 0.5 – 1.0 mm). Fruit length ranges from 3.0 – 6.0 mm. B. Laser clade: Fruit with 6 to 8 vittae and without hairs in primary ribs in the mericarps. Mericarps without wings or with dorsal wings scarcely developed when present (0.5 mm) and wider lateral wings (width range: 2.5 – 4.0 mm). Fruit <7.0 mm long. C. Laserpitium s. s. clade: Fruit with 6 vittae, with or without hairs in the primary ribs of the mericarps. Mericarps dorsal wings are shorter than lateral wings or similar in size (width range: 0.5 – 4.0 mm), lateral wings with widths ranging from 1.5 – 4.0 mm. Fruit length ranges from 3.5 – 10.0 mm. D. Laserocarpum clade: Fruit with 6 vittae and hairless in primary ribs. Mericarps dorsal wings (width range: 1.8 – 1.9 mm) are similar in size to lateral wings (width range: 1.8 – 1.9 mm). Fruit length ranges from 7.0 – 8.0 mm. E. Portenschlagiella clade: Fruit with 11 vittae and hairy mericarp primary ribs. Mericarps with filiform dorsal and lateral wings. Unknown wings width ranges and fruit length range. F. Siler clade: Fruit with 2 or 4 vittae and hairless primary ribs in the mericarps. Mericarps dorsal wings are either absent or well-developed (width range: 0.0 – 1.0 mm), shorter than lateral wings (width range: 0.4 – 3.0 mm). Fruit length ranges from 4.7 – 14.0 mm. G. Silphiodaucus clade: Fruit with 6 vittae with hairs in primary ribs in the mericarps. Mericarps with dorsal wings scarcely developed (width range: 0.2 – 0.5 mm) and wider lateral wings (width range: 1.0 – 2.5 mm). Fruit length ranges from <5.0 – 7.0 mm. H. Elaeoselinum clade: Fruit with 6, 8, 9 or 11 vittae. Mericarps can be either wingless and with hairs in the primary ribs or with classic wings and without hairs in the primary ribs of the mericarps. Mericarps dorsal wings are either shorter than lateral wings (width range: 0.1 – 2.6 mm) or not present, lateral wings with widths ranging from 1.5 – 7 mm. Fruit length ranges from 4.0 – 33.0 mm. I. Thapsia s. s. clade: Fruit with 11 vittae, with or without hairs in the primary ribs of the mericarps. Mericarps dorsal wings are either shorter than lateral wings (width range: 0.5 – 0.7 mm) or not present, lateral wings with widths ranging from 1.5 – 4.4 mm. Fruit length ranges from 6 – 17.5 mm. J. Iberian Thapsia clade: Fruit with 6 – 11 vittae with hairless primary ribs in the mericarps. Mericarps with dorsal wings are shorter than (width range: 0.5 – 1.9 mm) than the lateral wings (width range: 0.7 – 2.5 mm). Fruit length ranges from 5.0 – 7.0 mm. The members of these clades and subclades present overlapping features, affecting mainly all the length intervals, the number of vittae, and the presence of hairs in the primary ribs of the mericarp. Half of the clades (Ekimia, Laser, Elaeoselinum, Thapsia s. s. and Iberian Thapsia) are formed by taxa that present different numbers of vittae. The FADM analysis, which includes both qualitative and quantitative data, reveals similar results. Morphological data of a total of 60 different taxa (including 25 taxa currently recognized as subspecies) graphically represented using the two dimensions that better explained the data variance and accounted for 32.8 % of the observed variance (dimension 1 = 19.5 %; dimension 2 = 13.3 %), generates closely overlapping groups formed by taxa belonging to the different clades (see Fig. 6 A). Coherently, the clustering analysis of these Laserpitium s. l. taxa retrieved a topology in which all genera except for Silphiodaucus were paraphyletic (see Fig. 6 B).	en	González-Toral, Claudia, Sanna, Mauro, Nava, Herminio S., Prieto, José Antonio Fernández, Cires, Eduardo (2025): What biogeography and DNA can reveal: new delimitations of Laserpitium s. l. (Apiaceae) genera and a new allied Iberian genus. Phytotaxa 714 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1
039F4D1BE1571650FF0A2DDA2C7E3AED.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — This name honours Lucile Butini (1822 – 1849), wife of Pierre Edmond Boissier (1810 – 1885), who suddenly died on 8 th of July 1849 while accompanying him and Georges François Reuter (1805 – 1872) on an expedition through North African and South Spain. She died due to “ choleric fevers ” in the Andalusian city of Granada, type location of the type species of this new genus, Laserpitium longiradium, which was first described by Boissier in 1845. ≡ Laserpitium longiradium Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 734. (1845)	en	González-Toral, Claudia, Sanna, Mauro, Nava, Herminio S., Prieto, José Antonio Fernández, Cires, Eduardo (2025): What biogeography and DNA can reveal: new delimitations of Laserpitium s. l. (Apiaceae) genera and a new allied Iberian genus. Phytotaxa 714 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1
039F4D1BE1571650FF0A2DDA2C7E3AED.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Lucilebutina longiradia (Boiss.) González-Toral, Sanna, Nava, Fern. Prieto & Cires, comb. nov.	en	González-Toral, Claudia, Sanna, Mauro, Nava, Herminio S., Prieto, José Antonio Fernández, Cires, Eduardo (2025): What biogeography and DNA can reveal: new delimitations of Laserpitium s. l. (Apiaceae) genera and a new allied Iberian genus. Phytotaxa 714 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1
039F4D1BE1571650FF0A2DDA2C7E3AED.taxon	description	Description: — Robust or very robust perennial polycarpic hemicryptophyte herbs. Rhizomatous plants with thick stump with ribbon-shaped paper-like foliage rests. Well-developed erect stems, either short to very long (2) 8 – 130 (200) cm striate stems or medium to long stems, (20) 40 – 60 (130) cm, with 12 – 25 uneven yellowish ribs and green grooves. Large basal leaves of 20 – 60 (80) cm with either glaucous with stomata or green without stomata leaf upperside. Basal leaves 2 – 3 (4) pinnatisect with suborbicular leaflets with terminal divisions that almost result in 3 leaflets and with irregular teeth. Glaucous or light green leaves underside with densely or scarcely pubescent nerves. Compound umbels. Hermaphroditic terminal umbels with (8) 9 – 18 (34) rays, sometimes accrescent, of (3) 4 – 16 (20) cm length either striate glabrous and without ribs, or presenting 4 – 6 (8) smooth, hairy or papillose ribs. Secondary umbels functionally male. Scabrid pedicels with uneven papillae that may be flat or present 10 – 12 deep grooves. (0) 1 – 6 (12) deciduous linearlanceolate, acute apex or filiform bracts, sometimes with a white edge. Terminal umbels bracts tend to fall, although 1 bract may persist. Bracts more persistent in lateral umbels. Persistent bracteoles in variable number, (5) 9 – 11, which can be filiform or triangular with acute apex. Actinomorphic flowers with large divided stylopodium and 5 ivorian-white homogeneous notched petals, rarely pinkish, with a velvelt-like shine. Red anthers, rarely almost black, with a length of 0.5 – 0.9 mm. 5 stamens, long styles 1.5 – 3 (3.3) mm long either erect or curved reflexed during fructification. Scabrid elliptic schizocarpic fruits 5.0 - 7.0 mm long and slightly compressed dorsally. Mericarps with 5 hairless inconspicuous primary ribs, with 6 or 11 vittae. Secondary ribs forming wings: 2 dorsal (0.5 – 1.9 mm) and 2 lateral subequal wings (0.7 – 2.5 mm).	en	González-Toral, Claudia, Sanna, Mauro, Nava, Herminio S., Prieto, José Antonio Fernández, Cires, Eduardo (2025): What biogeography and DNA can reveal: new delimitations of Laserpitium s. l. (Apiaceae) genera and a new allied Iberian genus. Phytotaxa 714 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1
039F4D1BE1571650FF0A2DDA2C7E3AED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This new genus can be distingued from Thapsia s. s. by the leaf morphology, which present well-developed leaf-sheaths and no leaves semicircular terminal divisions. Flowers also allow distinguishing these two genera, as Thapsia taxa present yellow entire petals and Lucilebutina species have ivorian-white flowers, rarely pinkish, with notched petals and a large stylopodium. Lucilebutina species present of striations or ribs in the stems, which are not present Thapsia s. s. taxa as these have smooth stems, and deciduous bracts; which are rarely present in Thapsia s. s. Thapsia scabra is the most similar Thapsia s. s. however, its upper leaves are so reduced to well-developed leaf-sheaths and its white flowers with woolly ovaries and very hairy petals without notches. Lucilebutina and Laserpitium s. s. also present morphological divergences as the latter has larger numbers of rays of terminal umbels with larger persistent bracts and its leaf morphology can be very variable even within the same species (e. g. L. gallicum) and when basal leaves present divisions, these are not deep enough to result in the characteristic 3 leaflets of the Lucilebutina species (see Table 6 and Fig. 9 for more details).	en	González-Toral, Claudia, Sanna, Mauro, Nava, Herminio S., Prieto, José Antonio Fernández, Cires, Eduardo (2025): What biogeography and DNA can reveal: new delimitations of Laserpitium s. l. (Apiaceae) genera and a new allied Iberian genus. Phytotaxa 714 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1
039F4D1BE1571650FF0A2DDA2C7E3AED.taxon	distribution	Distribution area: — Mountainous systems of the northern and central Iberian Peninsula (Galician Massif, Cantabrian Mountains, Basque Mountains, Central System, Iberian System) towards the Subbaetic System, Sierra Nevada (Granda, South Iberian Peninsula), Pyrenees and South West France (Massif Central).	en	González-Toral, Claudia, Sanna, Mauro, Nava, Herminio S., Prieto, José Antonio Fernández, Cires, Eduardo (2025): What biogeography and DNA can reveal: new delimitations of Laserpitium s. l. (Apiaceae) genera and a new allied Iberian genus. Phytotaxa 714 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1
039F4D1BE1571650FF0A2DDA2C7E3AED.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and habitat: — Limestone substrates of mountain pastures, moorlands, Abies alba Mill. (1756) forest and high-mountain Quercus forests of the North, Central and South Iberian Peninsula (e. g. Quercus ilex L. (1753) and Quercus faginea Lam. (1785 )). Taxa can be found at heights ranging from 400 – 2450 m. a. s. l. comb. nov. versus the Iberian Thapsia s. s. Linnaeus (1753: 261) and Laserpitium s. s. Linnaeus (1753: 248) taxa.	en	González-Toral, Claudia, Sanna, Mauro, Nava, Herminio S., Prieto, José Antonio Fernández, Cires, Eduardo (2025): What biogeography and DNA can reveal: new delimitations of Laserpitium s. l. (Apiaceae) genera and a new allied Iberian genus. Phytotaxa 714 (1): 1-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.714.1.1
