identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039C8788FFAEFFD92BF62391924AFC09.text	039C8788FFAEFFD92BF62391924AFC09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stylatula , Verrill 1864	<div><p>Genus Stylatula Verrill, 1864</p><p>GENERIC DIAGNOSIS.— Virgulariid pennatulaceans with slender, bilateral, often vermiform colony shape. Axis present throughout colony length, most often round in transverse section. Polyp leaves subtended by fanlike armatures of spindle-like to needle-like sclerites, which may or may not be three-flanged. Sclerites from other parts of colony inconspicuous to absent.</p><p>TYPE SPECIES.— Virgularia elongata (Gabb, 1862); subsequent designation by Verrill, 1864; type locality California .</p><p>ETYMOLOGY.— The generic name is derived from the Greek Stylos: a style, stake, or pillar.</p><p>SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENETIC ASSESSMENT.— The genus Stylatula contains thirteen described species from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Japan to Norway), between approximately 65° north and 50° south latitude (Fig. 9). With the addition of the new species described here, thirteen species are considered valid; known geographic range Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Japan to North &amp; South America to Norway and Namibia), 0–1020 m in depth (Williams 1995:122; Williams 2011:6; Williams 2014). The genus Stylatula differs from other genera in the family Virgulariidae by the presence of a conspicuous fan-shaped armature subtending each polyp leaf, comprised of relatively robust sclerites. Of the five described genera in the family, only Stylatula, Acanthoptilum, and Scytalium have sclerites in the rachis and polyp leafs, while Virgularia and Scytaliopsis do not.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C8788FFAEFFD92BF62391924AFC09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, Gary C.;Matsumoto, Asako K.	Williams, Gary C., Matsumoto, Asako K. (2015): A Review of the Pennatulacean Genus Stylatula, with the Description of a New Species from Japan (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 62 (8): 257-266, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11512380
039C8788FFAEFFDC2A68261D915AFB31.text	039C8788FFAEFFDC2A68261D915AFB31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stylatula diminutiva Williams and Matsumoto 2015	<div><p>Stylatula diminutiva Williams and Matsumoto, sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1–9.</p><p>SPECIES DIAGNOSIS.— Virgulariid pennatulaceans; mature colonies &lt;65 mm long; number of polyps per polyp leaf 2–4; number of large sclerites comprising fan-shaped polyp leaf armature &lt;7; sclerites three-flanged throughout.</p><p>MATERIAL EXAMINED.— HOLOTYPE: CASIZ 198016; Japan, Iwate Prefecture, Sanriku, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=141.94872&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.345165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 141.94872/lat 39.345165)">Otsuchi Bay</a>; 39°20,710′N x 141°56,923′E; 44 m depth; 28 April 2009; collection number AKM 1414; collector Asako K. Matsumoto on board R / V Yayoi with 1 m biological dredge; remarks – mud bottom inside bay, water temperature 9.6° C: one whole specimen preserved in 95% EtOH . PARATYPES: CASIZ 198017; same data as holotype . CASIZ 203514; Japan, Iwate Prefecture, Sanriku, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.68333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.68333/lat 39.566666)">east Otsuchi Bay</a>; approximate coordinates 39°24′ – 39°34′N, ca. 142°10′– 142°41′E; 118–120 m depth; 12 November 1993; collection number AKM 1627 (= 1618b); collector S. Ohta on board R / V Tansei-maru KT 93–15 cruise, St. 01 with 1 m biological dredge; remarks – separated from AKM 1618a; one whole specimen fixed in formalin and preserved in 95% EtOH . OTHER MATERIAL (non-type): CASIZ 203513; same data as holotype .</p><p>DESCRIPTION.— The wet-preserve holotype measures 36 mm in length and 2. 5 mm at it widest point (across the second polyp pair from the terminal apex. The internal axis is thin and extends the length of the colony. It is cylindrical, round in cross section, and contains numerous surface pores, which are often narrow and elongated. The composition of the axis is that of radially-arranged, wedge-shaped columns of calcareous matter, as in other pennatulaceans (Figs. 2–4), which is similar to the axial structure of ellisellid gorgonians (Bayer, 1956: 224). Of the approximately thirty-five pairs of polyp leaves that are distinguishable, nine of these at the upper end of the rachis are fully developed, have mature polyps and conspicuous fan-shaped basal armature. The other twenty-six polyp leaf pairs are incipient, or not fully mature, and are not separated from apex. Small, cross-like sclerites may also be present. Some sclerites may also have a short side branch (Figs. 5–6).</p><p>F IGURE 3. Stylatula diminutiva sp. nov. SEM of internal morphology of the axis (CAS 203513). A.</p><p>Transverse section of axis, 0.23 mm in diameter, showing elongated pores; scale bar = 0.02 mm; lightened rectangle is shown enlarged in B below. B. Internal structural detail of axis; scale bar = 0.01 mm.</p><p>adjacent pairs in the proximal region of the rachis, or are separated by &lt;2 mm of bare rachis in the middle portion of the rachis. The uppermost polyp leaf pairs on the distal part of the rachis are separated from adjacent pairs of polyp leaves by approximately 2 mm of bare rachis (Fig. 1C). In the largest polyp leaves of the upper rachis, there are 2–4 polyps comprising each leaf. The peduncle is approximately 7 mm in length (Fig 7E).</p><p>The sclerites are predominantly threeflanged spindles and rods (0.04–0.85 mm in length). Each polyp leaf is subtended by a conspicuous V-shaped or fan-shaped polyp leaf armature of relatively large sclerites (Fig 1). The fan-shaped armature is narrowly V-shaped and gradually tapers proximally. The ends of each sclerite may be acute and pointed or truncated and blunt. Some sclerites are minutely toothed on a portion of the margins or on one terminal</p><p>ETYMOLOGY.— The specific epithet is derived from the Late Latin, deminutivum (indicating small size); in reference to the miniature size of the colonies relative to those of other species in the genus.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION.— Otsuchi Bay, Iwate Prefecture, Japan; 44–120 m depth range.</p><p>VARIATION.— The polyp leaves that comprise a single pair can be arranged oppositely (as in the holotype CAS 198016) or sub-alternately (as in CAS 203513). The four entire specimens examined ranged in length from 36–60 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C8788FFAEFFDC2A68261D915AFB31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, Gary C.;Matsumoto, Asako K.	Williams, Gary C., Matsumoto, Asako K. (2015): A Review of the Pennatulacean Genus Stylatula, with the Description of a New Species from Japan (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 62 (8): 257-266, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11512380
039C8788FFA7FFD02B9822C697CFFDED.text	039C8788FFA7FFD02B9822C697CFFDED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stylatula Verrill 1864	<div><p>Key to the Pacific Ocean Species of Stylatula</p><p>1a. Sclerites of the polyp leaf fans are not three-flanged. Polyps per polyp leaf 4–6........................................................................ S. austropacifica</p><p>1b. Sclerites of the polyp leaf fans are conspicuously three-flanged....................... 2</p><p>2a. Mature colonies &lt;65 mm in length. Polyps per polyp leaf 2–4. Large needle-like sclerites of the polyp leaf fans less than 7........................................ S. diminutiva</p><p>2b. Mature colonies&gt; 65 mm in length. Polyps per polyp leaf more than 5. Large needle-like sclerites of the polyp leaf fans 9–12............................................... 3</p><p>3a. Number of polyps per polyp leaf up to 18................................. S. gracilis</p><p>3b. Number of polyps per polyp leaf up to 24................................ S. elongata</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C8788FFA7FFD02B9822C697CFFDED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Williams, Gary C.;Matsumoto, Asako K.	Williams, Gary C., Matsumoto, Asako K. (2015): A Review of the Pennatulacean Genus Stylatula, with the Description of a New Species from Japan (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 62 (8): 257-266, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11512380
