taxonID	type	description	language	source
039C87E74305D52DE4BFFB43FB91A4E0.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 2)	en	Ramallo, Geraldine, Cancino, Fabiana, Ruiz, Ana Lía, Ailán-Choke, Lorena Gisela (2020): Gastrointestinal nematodes of freshwater fish from Pilcomayo River, Argentina including description of a new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus). Zootaxa 4810 (3): 468-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.3.4
039C87E74305D52DE4BFFB43FB91A4E0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: female CH-N-FML # 07766; allotype: male CH-N-FML # 07767; paratypes (four females, five males) CH-N-FML # 07768. Type host. Pimelodus albicans Valenciennes, 1840 (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae), Ichthyology Collection CI- FML # 2472, collected 1 December 1997. Additional hosts: Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae), Ictiology Collection CI- FML # 2749, collected 6 October 1998; Hoplias misionera (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) Ichthyology Collection CI-FML # 2471 (54 )). Type locality. Misión La Paz, Pilcomayo River, Rivadavia Department, Province of Salta (22 º 22 ’ 10 ” S- 62 º 32 ’ 14 ” W).	en	Ramallo, Geraldine, Cancino, Fabiana, Ruiz, Ana Lía, Ailán-Choke, Lorena Gisela (2020): Gastrointestinal nematodes of freshwater fish from Pilcomayo River, Argentina including description of a new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus). Zootaxa 4810 (3): 468-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.3.4
039C87E74305D52DE4BFFB43FB91A4E0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named in honor Dr. Zlatko Tomsic (1923 - 2000), professor of Invertebrates (Fac. of Cs. Naturales e I. M. L, U. N. T) and Director of the Institute of Invertebrates of Fundación Miguel Lillo. Site of infection. Intestine. Quantitative descriptors. P. albicans (Prevalence 60 %; media intensity 6.5); P. nattereri (Prevalence 67 %; mean intensity 4); H. misionera (Prevalence 17 %; mean intensity 2) General description. Medium-sized nematodes with finely, transversely striated cuticle. Females possess a lateral cuticular ornamentation along the body (Figs. 1 f; 2 c, d, e, f). Mouth aperture rounded, surrounded by six visible pores, eight submedian cephalic papillae arranged in two circles, each formed by four papillae, and two medium amphids (Fig. 1 c; 2 a). Buccal capsule orange-brown, thick walled, barrel-shaped, oral capsule has the same length as width, with simple well developed basal ring; wall of middle part of capsule strengthened by conspicuous thickening appearing in lateral view as drop-shaped, extending anteriorly to anterior margin of capsule. Inner surface of capsule of both sexes provided with 3 - 4 spiral ridges in lateral view, 1 - 3 of them being incomplete (not extending from 1 lateral margin of capsule to other) (Figs. 1 a, b, d, e). Muscular esophagus somewhat shorter than glandular esophagus; both parts of esophagus slightly expanded near their posterior ends (Figs. 1 a, b). Intestine narrow. Deirids small, simple, with globose shape situated at about mid-way between posterior end of buccal capsule and nerve ring (Fig. 2 b); only observed in females. Excretory pore approximately at the middle region of the muscular esophagus (Figs. 1 a, b). Tail of both sexes, conical. Males (based on eleven adult specimens). Length of body 12.03 ± 0.80 (10.55 – 13.19), maximum width 0.17 ± 0.02 (0.14 – 0.20). Buccal capsule 0.05 ± 0.003 (0.05 – 0.06) long and 0.05 ± 0.003 (0.05 – 0.06) wide with 3 – 4 inner spiral thickenings, 1 - 3 of them being incomplete. Basal ring 0.01 ± 0.002 (0.010) long and 0.03 ± 0.005 (0.02 - 0.04) wide. Muscular esophagus 0.56 ± 0.06 (0.50 – 0.70) long. Glandular esophagus 0.84 ± 0.07 (0.75 – 0.90) long. Nerve ring and excretory pore 0.22 ± 0.02 (0.20 – 0.27), 0.30 ± 0.04 (0.22 – 0.33), respectively, from anterior extremity. Spicules unequal and very different in length, with pointed distal ends; left spicule 0.25 ± 0.01 (0.25 – 0.27) long and right spicule 0.72 ± 0.01 (0.71 – 0.73) long. Posterior end of body ventrally bent, provided with narrow caudal alae, 0.40 long and 0.03 long. This structure is supported by two pairs of pedunculate preanal papillae; and three pairs of sessile postanal papillae. Gubernaculum absent. Tail conical 0.12 ± 0.02 (0.10 – 0.15) long (Figs. 1 i, j; 2 g). Females (based on nine gravid specimens). Length of body 22.00 ± 2.1 (19.00 – 25.00), maximum width 0.34 ± 0.06 (0.24 – 0.43). Buccal capsule 0.06 ± 0.01 (0.06 – 0.08) long and 0.06 ± 0.01 (0.05 – 0.07) wide with 3 – 4 inner spiral thickenings, 2 - 3 of them being incomplete. Basal ring 0.01 ± 0.01 (0.01 – 0.012) long and 0.03 ± 0.004 (0.03 – 0.04) wide. Muscular esophagus 0.63 ± 0.04 (0.57 – 0.71) long. Glandular esophagus 1.09 ± 0.13 (0.89 – 1.30) long. Nerve ring, excretory pore and deirids 0.24 ± 0.02 (0.21 – 0.28), 0.39 ± 0.07 (0.30 – 0.48), 0.10, respectively, from anterior extremity. Vulva 14.1 ± 1.2 (12.4 – 15.53) from posterior end. Vulva pre-equatorial and very conspicuous. (Figs. 1 f; 2 c) Vagina directed posteriorly. Uterus filled with first-stage larvae (0.2 - 0.3 long x 0.02 wide) (Fig. 1 g). Conical tail of females with a terminal cuticular spike, 0.12 ± 0.02 (0.10 – 0.15) long (Figs. 1 h; 2 e, f).	en	Ramallo, Geraldine, Cancino, Fabiana, Ruiz, Ana Lía, Ailán-Choke, Lorena Gisela (2020): Gastrointestinal nematodes of freshwater fish from Pilcomayo River, Argentina including description of a new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus). Zootaxa 4810 (3): 468-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.3.4
039C87E74302D529E4BFFBB4FD1BA727.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (CI-FML # 2666) Locality: Misión La Paz, Pilcomayo River, Rivadavia Department, Province of Salta (22 º 22 ’ 10 ” S- 62 º 32 ’ 14 ” W) Site of infection: cardial region of the stomach Quantitative descriptors: Table I Deposition of voucher specimen: CH-N-FML # 7773. General description. Small nematodes. Small, posteriorly directed cuticular spines diminishing posteriorly. Ring of cuticular spines laterally interrupted in some regions of the body (excretory pore, vulva). Rings starting at 0.015 - 0.020 mm below anterior end; in female finishing 0.050 from posterior end; in male disappearing before the anus. Number of spines per ring increasing from 16 at first ring to 60 in male and 90 in female at level of the glandular esophagus; in more posterior rings number of spines decreasing in female to be about 30 at level of anus. Oral opening covered by two well-developed pseudolabia bearing amphids and submedian papillae and four (2 dorsal and 2 ventral) submedian lips. Vestibule long without prostom. Muscular esophagus short and glandular esophagus long. Nerve ring posterior to end of vestibule. Glandular ring that surrounds the esophagus and is located below the nerve ring. Males (based on two specimens). Length of body 4.00 - 4.71 maximum width 0.15 - 0.17. Length of vestibule 0.11 – 0.13. Esophageal gland ring 0.13 - 0.14 from anterior end. Muscular oesophagus length 0.20 - 0.24. Glandular oesophagus length 1.55 – 1.58. Nerve-ring and excretory pore 0.10 and 0.15 – 0.16, respectively, from anterior extremity. Caudal alae large. Caudal papillae: 4 pairs of preanal papillae and 5 pairs of postanal papillae. Phasmids not observed. Spicules very different from each other: large (left) spicule 0.22 - 0.23, its distal end with two lateral barbs; small (right) spicule 0.08, boat-shape. Tail 0.12 - 0.15 long. Females (based on five specimens). Length of body 6.05 – 11.00, maximum width 0.22 - 0.32. Length of vestibule 0.11 – 0.13. Esophageal gland ring 0.15 - 0.16 from anterior end. Muscular oesophagus length 0.22 – 0.29. Glandular oesophagus length 1.50 – 1.97. Nerve ring and excretory pore 0.13 – 0.15 and 0.25 – 0.33, respectively, from anterior extremity. Vulva postequatorial, 3.40 – 5.40 from posterior end of body. Uterus amphidelphic. Mature eggs oval, embryonated, without filaments. Tail 0.20 – 0.27 long.	en	Ramallo, Geraldine, Cancino, Fabiana, Ruiz, Ana Lía, Ailán-Choke, Lorena Gisela (2020): Gastrointestinal nematodes of freshwater fish from Pilcomayo River, Argentina including description of a new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus). Zootaxa 4810 (3): 468-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.3.4
039C87E74303D526E4BFFBD8FDF7A623.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Pimelodus albicans (CI-FML # 2472). Locality: Misión La Paz, Pilcomayo River, Rivadavia Department, Province of Salta (22 º 22 ’ 10 ” S- 62 º 32 ’ 14 ” W) Site of infection: free or encapsulated in abdominal cavity, mesenteries, intestine or liver. Quantitative descriptors: Table I. Deposition of voucher specimen: CH-N-FML # 7769: host: Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (CI-FML # 2720); CH-N-FML # 7770: host: Sorubim lima (CI-FML # 2767); CH-N-FML # 7771: host: Hoplias misionera (CI-FML # 2471 (98 )); CH-N-FML # 7772: host: Pimelodus albicans (CI-FML # 2472); CH-N-FML # 7785: host: Pygocentrus nattereri (CI-FML # 2749); General description (based on six specimens). Whitish nematodes, medium to large size. Cuticle with transversal striations. Head end rounded, bearing small ventral cuticular tooth. Three lips present, one dorsal and two ventrolateral. Between the last two is observed a cuticular tooth 0.01 ± 0.00 (0.01) length and behind it the excretory pore. Each subventral lip has a papilla and two dorsal lip. Total body 18.13 ± 1.2 (16.30 – 20.35) length; body 0.72 ± 0.1 (0.60 – 0.85) width. Nerve ring-anterior end 0.30 ± 0.005 (0.30 – 0.31). Esophagus narrow 2.07 ± 0.07 (1.95 – 2.18) length; ventriculus small and rounded, 0.11 ± 0.01 (0.10 – 0.13) length and 0.10 ± 0.01 (0.09 - 0.11) wide; Ventricular appendix 0.50 ± 0.10 (0.40 – 0. 51) length. Intestine brownish, dark. Intestinal caecum very long, 1.44 ± 0.06 (1.33 – 1.50) length; extending anteriorly almost to nerve ring. Rectum short, three small rectal glands present. Tail conical, 0.13 ± 0.02 (0.12 – 0.17).	en	Ramallo, Geraldine, Cancino, Fabiana, Ruiz, Ana Lía, Ailán-Choke, Lorena Gisela (2020): Gastrointestinal nematodes of freshwater fish from Pilcomayo River, Argentina including description of a new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus). Zootaxa 4810 (3): 468-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.3.4
039C87E7430CD527E4BFF8B3FF27A503.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Pimelodus albicans (CI-FML # 2472) examined. Locality: Misión La Paz, Pilcomayo River, Rivadavia Department, Province of Salta (22 º 22 ’ 10 ” S- 62 º 32 ’ 14 ” W) Site of infection: stomach. Quantitative descriptors: Table I. Deposition of voucher specimen: CH-N-FML # 7775. General description. Medium sized nematodes. Oral opening dorsoventrally elongate, surrounded by narrow collarette with row of small teeth at its base. Esophagus muscular, expanded at anterior end to form pseudobuccal capsule (oesophastome); posterior part of esophagus also somewhat expanded. Nerve ring surrounding esophagus at distance from anterior end. Deirids small, pointed, located at short distance anterior to esophagus end, excretory pore slightly anterior to deirids level. Tail conical, pointed with pair small phasmids in both sexes. Males (based on one specimen). Body length 4.19; maximum width 0.20. Muscular esophagus length 1.00. Nerve ring 0.30 from anterior end. Posterior region of body curved ventrally, with well-developed precloacal sucker located 0.40 from posterior end. Spicules equal, 0.50 long. Gubernaculum well sclerotized. Caudal papillae: 5 pairs preanal, 1 pair adanal, and 4 pairs postanal. Tail 0.10 long. Females (based on four specimens). Body length 4.12 - 5.15; maximum width 0.20 - 0.25. Muscular esophagus length 1.00. Nerve ring 0.30 - 0.35 from anterior end, representing 30 - 35 % of esophageal length. Vulva postequatorial. Uterus containing not fully developed eggs. Eggs numerous, oval-shaped; 0.03 long, 0.02 wide. Tail 0.20 - 0.23 long.	en	Ramallo, Geraldine, Cancino, Fabiana, Ruiz, Ana Lía, Ailán-Choke, Lorena Gisela (2020): Gastrointestinal nematodes of freshwater fish from Pilcomayo River, Argentina including description of a new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus). Zootaxa 4810 (3): 468-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.3.4
