taxonID	type	description	language	source
039D87C9FFA9FF8BA0A87F19FD2A2C1A.taxon	description	Figure 2	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA9FF8BA0A87F19FD2A2C1A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photograph. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.3 – 2.5 in SL; front of head strongly rounded, the dorsal and ventral profiles about equally convex; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, mostly exposed, less than one-half covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates distinctly denticulate; posterior nostril as large as anterior nostril; caudal fin truncate to slightly emarginate. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 14; median predorsal scales 4, first largest; cheek with 2 scale rows, lower row with 5 – 8 scales. Colouration: Initial phase dark reddish brown with two rows of whitish spots on side of body; caudal peduncle paler than body, usually with a faint blackish spot at caudal-fin base; dorsal fin dark reddish brown. Terminal males usually mainly green with lavender-pink scale edges, caudal peduncle distinctly lighter than body; head with green interorbital area and nape, two short green bands radiating from eye and green stripe or blotch below eye that bifurcating into two, edged ventrally with pink, stripes to upper lip and to chin; usually a diffuse yellowish area beneath dorsal half of pectoral fins.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA9FF8BA0A87F19FD2A2C1A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Red Sea along eastern Africa south to South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal), Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, east to the Andaman Sea and western Indonesia. Known from the entire Arabian region from the Red Sea along Arabian Peninsula to the Arabian / Persian Gulf (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995; Lips et al. 2016).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA9FF8BA0A87F19FD2A2C1A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The photographed terminal male matches the description of Chlorurus sordidus given by Randall & Bruce (1983) and Randall (1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al. (2019). The species occurs at all islands of the Archipelago on seaward coral-dominated habitats at depths of 4 – 15 m, though it is rare. The photographed individual was observed at Samha Island in an area with soft corals at 10 m depth. Terminal males from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, in contrast to males from the Indian Ocean, possess a broad pink or pinkish orange zone across cheek and lack green bands radiating from the eye.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFAEFF8BA0A87E8EFB522AAE.taxon	description	Figure 3	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFAEFF8BA0A87E8EFB522AAE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photographs. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.4 – 2.7 in SL; head very steep from mouth to above level of eye, with obvious convexity on forehead in terminal males; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, less than one-fourth covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates distinctly denticulate; caudal fin truncate with prolonged lobes in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15 – 17; median predorsal scales 4, first largest; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 5 – 7 scales. Colouration: Initial phase yellowish green dorsally, becoming lavender-pink on sides and ventrally. Body of terminal males green, blue anterodorsally, the scales with a vertical lavender-pink bar; head greenish blue with green blotch on opercle, edge of lips with green band; smaller males with green-yellow or green cheek; short green stripes radiating from eye in both phases.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFAEFF8BA0A87E8EFB522AAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oman south to Mozambique, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands, east to the Andaman Sea, Christmas Island, and western Indonesia. Known in the Arabian region from the eastern Gulf of Aden, Socotra Archipelago, and southern Oman (Randall 1995). Replaced in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden by Chlorurus gibbus (Rüppell, 1829).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFAEFF8BA0A87E8EFB522AAE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Photographed individuals match the description of Chlorurus strongylocephalus (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al. (2019). The species was observed relatively frequently as solitary individual or occasionally as 2 – 3 individuals in all islands of the Archipelago. Encountered on Socotra Island at several northern localities in coral-dominated or rocky habitats at depths of 3 – 15 m.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFADFF88A0A87A9CFF1B2973.taxon	vernacular_names	Arabian Parrotfish	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFADFF88A0A87A9CFF1B2973.taxon	description	Figure 4	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFADFF88A0A87A9CFF1B2973.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photograph; SMF uncatalogued [sample of tissue SOC 19 - 468], initial phase, 26 cm SL, Socotra Island, Hadibo fishmarket, 12 April 2019; SMF uncatalogued [sample of tissue SOC 19 - 485], terminal male, 46 cm SL, Socotra Island, Hadibo fishmarket, 19 April 2019. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.4 – 2.7 in SL; dorsal profile of head of terminal males steep and distinctly convex; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, less than one-half covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates slightly irregular; posterior margin of upper dental plate with 4 or 5 small blunt teeth; caudal fin slightly emarginate in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15; median predorsal scales 4, about equal in size; cheek with 2 scale rows, lower row with 4 – 5 scales. Colouration: Initial phase gray-brown, the scale edges brown. Terminal males green often suffused with brown. Both phases with head pale blue-green ventrally, green front of snout, a broad pale blue-green band across interorbital which extends slightly behind orbit, dental plates blue-green, dorsal and anal fins colored like body with green-blue margin, and caudal fin with white posterior margin.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFADFF88A0A87A9CFF1B2973.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Restricted to the Arabian region, reported from the eastern Gulf of Aden to the Gulf of Oman (Randall 1995; Lips et al. 2016).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFADFF88A0A87A9CFF1B2973.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individuals and collected specimens match the description of Scarus arabicus (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al. (2019). Individuals on Socotra Island were observed on rocky substrata at depths of 5 – 8 m. Data on habitat and depth of collected specimens are not available. Previously known from Socotra Island (Zajonz et al. 2019), the distribution range is extended to the west by the observation of the initial phase and a terminal male in a mixed coral and rock reef area of south-eastern Abd al-Kuri Island.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFADFF88A0A87E55FC072AD1.taxon	description	Figure 5	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFADFF88A0A87E55FC072AD1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photographs. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.1 – 2.5 in SL; dorsal profile of head of terminal males nearly straight from before eye to dorsal fin; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, one-half to three-fourth covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates almost smooth; upper dental plate with 1 – 2 conical teeth posteriorly in terminal males; caudal fin emarginate with prolonged lobes in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15 – 16; median predorsal scales 6, the fourth scale largest; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 1 – 3 scales. Colouration: Initial phase dark olive-grey, the scale edges dark brown, grading to reddish ventrally and head, with many scattered small whitish spots on body; dental plates white. Terminal males dull blue-green, the scale edges narrowly salmon pink, with a blue-green zone ventrally on body and a broad zone on head which bifurcating at corner of mouth; spinous portion of dorsal fin with yellow membranes; caudal fin blue with a submarginal salmon-pink band in each lobe.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFADFF88A0A87E55FC072AD1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: South-eastern Arabia south to Mozambique, Madagascar, and east to Chagos Archipelago. Known in the Arabian region from the eastern Gulf of Aden, Socotra Island and southern Oman; a possible presence in central Oman to be confirmed.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFADFF88A0A87E55FC072AD1.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individuals match the description of Scarus falcipinnis (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the cautious record of Zajonz et al. (2019), who listed it as S. cf. falcipinnis in Annex 2 (ODUs). Individuals on Socotra Archipelago were observed in coral-dominated habitats usually feeding on exposed corals at 2 – 12 m depths. Despite its occurrence in several localities, it is a rare species.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA3FF85A0A87CE0FEE72E22.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photographs. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.5 – 2.8 in SL; dorsal profile of head of terminal males nearly straight from before eye to dorsal fin; posterior nostril slightly smaller than anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, two-thirds or more covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates usually slightly irregular, sometimes nearly smooth; upper dental plate with 1 – 2 conical teeth posteriorly in terminal males; caudal fin double emarginate in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15; median predorsal scales 6 – 7, fifth scale largest; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 2 – 4 scales. Colouration: Initial phase light gray-brown, the scale edges narrowly dark, with three dark gray-brown bars on body; head gray, with a white spot at corner of mouth; posterior part of dorsal and caudal fins yellow. Body of terminal males blue-green, scales rimmed with magenta, with pale bar in the middle, green posteriorly; head dorsally green suffused with yellow, sometimes with small green spots and short bands dorsally on snout and interorbital space; snout and chin green extending as stripe to below eye, two short stripes extending from posterior edge of eye; caudal fin deep blue, the upper and lower lobes pale blue-green.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA3FF85A0A87CE0FEE72E22.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Entire Arabian Region, from the northern Red Sea around the Arabian Peninsula, including the eastern Gulf of Aden and Socotra, to the Arabian / Persian Gulf (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995; Buchanan et al. 2015; Lips et al. 2016).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA3FF85A0A87CE0FEE72E22.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individuals match the description of Scarus ferrugineus (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al. (2019). Individuals were observed in coral-dominated habitats at all islands of the archipelago at depths of 3 – 15 m, though the species is moderately rare. Scarus persicus Randall & Bruce, 1983 is a closely related species but its initial phase lacks yellow on the caudal peduncle and the caudal fin. Terminal males of S. persicus have a dark bar centred on body, nearly always small green spots and irregular narrow green stripes present dorsally on snout and interorbital area, the chin with a green bar, and head anteriorly without green mask.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA0FF85A0A879A4FA7C2BC8.taxon	description	Figure 7	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA0FF85A0A879A4FA7C2BC8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photographs. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.3 – 2.9 in SL; dorsal profile of head of terminal males slightly concave on forehead; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, about three-fourths covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates nearly smooth; upper dental plate with 0 – 2 conical teeth posteriorly in both phases; caudal fin double emarginate in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 14; median predorsal scales 6 – 7, fourth or fifth scale largest; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 2 – 4 scales. Colouration: Initial phase yellowish gray, paler on abdomen, with six dark brown stripes; caudal fin dark gray, remaining fins reddish. Terminal males green, the scales with small lavender-pink spots, posterior part of body abruptly bright green; head with a broad green stripe below eye bifurcating at corner of mouth to snout and chin, head below stripe with green vermiculations; caudal fin green, with orange-pink or magenta crescent.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA0FF85A0A879A4FA7C2BC8.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Red Sea south to Mozambique, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands, east to French Polynesia. Known from the entire Arabian region, including the eastern Gulf of Aden and Socotra, to the Arabian / Persian Gulf (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995; Golani & Bogorodsky 2010); but records from the Gulf of Oman and Arabian / Persian Gulf require verification.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA0FF85A0A879A4FA7C2BC8.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individuals match the description of Scarus frenatus (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al. (2019). Observed only on Socotra Island in coral-dominated habitats of the north-eastern coast at depths of 2 – 8 m. Based on monitoring data it is a rare species (Zajonz et al., unpublished).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA0FF83A0A87D02FB6E2CD2.taxon	description	Figure 8	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA0FF83A0A87D02FB6E2CD2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photographs; SMF uncatalogued [sample of tissue SOC 18 - 216], initial phase, 16.5 cm SL, Socotra Island, Hadibo, 09 May 2018; SMF uncatalogued [sample of tissue SOC 19 - 469], terminal male, 27 cm SL, Socotra Island, Hadibo, 12 April 2019. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.4 – 2.8 in SL; dorsal profile of head of terminal males slightly convex; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, about three-fourths covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates smooth; upper dental plate with 2 in terminal males or 1 in initial phase conical teeth posteriorly; caudal fin truncate with slightly prolonged lobes in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 14; median predorsal scales 4; cheek with 2 scale rows, lower row with 5 – 7 scales. Colouration: Initial phase olivaceous usually with five irregular paler bars, the scales with a narrow dark purplish edge; pelvic fins dark brown. Terminal males green, with a pale bar on body and a broken green stripe on side of caudal peduncle, the scales with magenta margins; caudal fin blue with irregular green bar and orange posterior margin. Both phases have a green stripe extending from mouth to eye and a short bar on chin.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA0FF83A0A87D02FB6E2CD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Restricted to and occurs throughout the Arabian region, from the northern Red Sea, Gulf of Aden (including eastern part), Socotra Archipelago, Oman and the Gulf (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995; Lips et al. 2016). Replaced by the similar S. russelii Valenceinnes, 1840 in remaining parts of the Indian Ocean.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA0FF83A0A87D02FB6E2CD2.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individuals and collected specimens match the description of Scarus fuscopurpureus (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al. (2019). Observed in all islands of the Archipelago on coral-dominated and rocky habitat at depths of 2 – 12 m; a common species.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87A9CFCD8292B.taxon	description	Figure 9	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87A9CFCD8292B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photographs; SMF uncatalogued [sample of tissue SOC 19 - 468], initial phase, 48 m SL, Socotra Island, landing site at Hadibo, 19 April 2019. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.4 – 2.9 in SL; dorsal profile of head of terminal males slightly convex; posterior nostril distinctly larger than anterior nostril, 2 – 5 times as large as anterior; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, one-half to four-fifths covered by lips; cutting edge of upper dental plate smooth, of lower plate only slightly irregular; upper dental plate usually with 2 conical teeth posteriorly in terminal males and large initial phase; caudal fin lunate in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15; median predorsal scales 6, fourth largest; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 1 – 2 scales. Colouration: Initial phase orange-yellow, grading to yellowish or pinkish ventrally, with blue scales dorsally, gradually changing to round blue spot on most scales ventrally; head with a short green stripe at corner of mouth, a short green bar on chin, and a short one posterior to middle of eye. Terminal males green dorsally, the scale edges salmon pink, with a faint, irregular dark blue bar across middle of body; head with an irregular band extending from lower lip ending at preopercular margin and with deep purple spot bordered posteriorly by blue on chin.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87A9CFCD8292B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Red Sea south to South Africa, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands, east to south-western Indonesia. Known from the entire Arabian region, from the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden (including eastern part), Socotra Archipelago and Oman, to the Arabian / Persian Gulf and Pakistan (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995; Buchanan et al. 2015; Psomadakis et al. 2015; Lips et al. 2016).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87A9CFCD8292B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individuals and collected specimens match the description of Scarus ghobban (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al. (2019). One of the most common species, seen in all islands of the Archipelago and in a wide variety of habitats. Initial phases and terminal males found from south-western to north-eastern parts of Socotra Island on rocky reefs with interspersed sand at depths of 3 – 15 m; juveniles observed along the south coast in areas with algal growth.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87EADFCA82AAC.taxon	description	Figure 10	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87EADFCA82AAC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photograph. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.2 – 2.5 in SL; dorsal profile of head of terminal males nearly straight; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, about three-fourths covered by lips; cutting edge of upper dental plates smooth; upper dental plate with 2 conical teeth posteriorly in terminal males; caudal fin double emarginate in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 14; median predorsal scales 6 – 8; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 2 – 5 scales. Colouration: Initial phase brownish red, the scales crossed with dark brown irregular stripes. Terminal males dark green to red-green, the scale edges deep magenta, usually with two dark spots on scales anteriorly on body; caudal fin with green bar, a narrow blue posterior margin, and deep pink lobes. Both phases with green band on upper lip, two bands on chin, posterior continuing onto cheek, and a small yellowish green spot at origin of lateral line, linked by an irregular green band to edge of eye.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87EADFCA82AAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Widespread from the Red Sea along eastern Africa south to South Africa, Mauritius, east to Tuamotu Archipelago. Known in the Arabian region from the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Socotra Archipelago, to southern Oman (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995; Lips et al. 2016); a possible presence in central Oman to be confirmed.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA7FF82A0A87EADFCA82AAC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individuals match the description of Scarus niger (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al. (2019). Observed on Socotra Island in coral-dominated habitats at depths of 4 – 14 m; seen in all islands of the Archipelago but uncommon.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA5FF80A0A87E22FAD72A05.taxon	description	Figure 11	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA5FF80A0A87E22FAD72A05.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photographs. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.8 – 3.1 in SL; dorsal profile of head nearly vertical to level of eye, then curving sharply and continuing nearly straight to the dorsal-fin origin in both phases; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, one-half to two-thirds covered by lips; cutting edge of upper dental plate smooth, of lower plate only slightly irregular; upper dental plate with 1 – 3 conical teeth posteriorly in terminal males, a single tooth in initial phase; caudal fin lunate with prolonged lobes in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15; median predorsal scales 5 – 7; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 1 – 3 scales. Colouration: Initial phase light reddish brown, shading to light red ventrally, with numerous small stellate black spots and short dashes, and two rows of faint white spots on posterior half of body. Terminal males green dorsally, the base of scales narrowly salmon pink, with greenish yellow hue on side of body; head greenish except for blue forehead and green interorbital; chin with two green bands, the first extending onto cheek and another short oblique one on the side; caudal fin salmon pink, with broad blue upper and lower margins.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA5FF80A0A87E22FAD72A05.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The most wide-ranging of the parrotfishes, occurs along eastern Africa south to South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal), Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, east to the Hawaiian Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago, and tropical eastern Pacific. Known in the Arabian region from the southern Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Socotra Archipelago, to southern and central Oman, and Gulf of Oman (Randall 1994, 1995; Lips et al. 2016).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFA5FF80A0A87E22FAD72A05.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individuals match the description of Scarus rubroviolaceus (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the record of Zajonz et al. (2019). Observed on Socotra Archipelago usually in rocky seaward habitats at depths of 3 – 18 m. One of the common species, seen in all islands of the Archipelago.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBBFF9DA0A87C70FDD72F66.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photograph. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.4 – 2.9 in SL; dorsal profile of head straight; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, about three-fourths or more covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates usually nearly smooth, sometimes slightly irregular; no lateral conical teeth on dental plates; caudal fin deeply emarginate in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 14; median predorsal scales 5 – 6, fourth or fifth largest; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 1 – 4 scales. Colouration: Initial phase dark gray dorsally with four yellow bars on upper two-fifths of body, pale gray ventrally; head with black stripe through eye ending at posterior margin of opercle. Terminal males dark purplish gray in triangular zone on dorsal part of head and dorsoanterior half of body, rest of body green, the scale edges lavender-pink; head abruptly lavender-pink ventrally, with a short green or magenta band on chin; a short green stripe usually through dorsal edge of eye; caudal fin blue-green, with lavender pink stripes.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBBFF9DA0A87C70FDD72F66.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Red Sea south to South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal), most islands of the WIO, east to the Andaman Sea and western Sumatra, Indonesia. Known in the Arabian region from the southern Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Socotra Archipelago, to southern Oman (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995; Lips et al. 2016).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBBFF9DA0A87C70FDD72F66.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed single initial phase matches the description of Scarus scaber (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), supporting the tentative record of Zajonz et al. (2019). It was photographed at northern Samha Island in a coral-rich habitat at 10 m depth.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFB8FF9DA0A87860FC7828C4.taxon	description	Figure 13	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFB8FF9DA0A87860FC7828C4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photograph. Distinctive characters: Body elongate, its depth 2.7 – 3.5 in SL; dorsal profile of head straight; posterior nostril subequal to anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, about two-thirds or more covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates usually smooth; upper dental plate with 1 – 2 conical teeth posteriorly in terminal males and large initial phase; caudal fin lunate in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 14; median predorsal scales 5 – 7, scales subequal in size; cheek with 3 scale rows, lower row with 3 – 6 scales. Colouration: Initial phase with zones of colour from dark brown on back to yellow, green, blue and red on sides and ventrally, the scales rimmed with black; head blackish with a large greenish grey patch dorsally above eye; dental plates pale rose; anal and caudal fins orange-red. Body of terminal males green, the basal half of scales salmon pink, with green back and a green stripe ventrally; head greenish, upper lip salmon pink with a submarginal blue-green stripe that continues across cheek, dorsal part of head with a green band from anterior interorbital area passing through dorsal edge of eye to below origin of dorsal fin; lower lip blue-green followed by pale pink area bordered by blue-green short band on chin; dental plates deep blue-green; caudal fin blue-green with a large middle lavender crescent and narrow pink submarginal band on each lobe.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFB8FF9DA0A87860FC7828C4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Widespread from eastern Africa east to the Line and Samoa Islands. No records in the Arabian region except for the Socotra Archipelago.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFB8FF9DA0A87860FC7828C4.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Photographed individual matches the description of Scarus tricolor (Randall & Bruce 1983), supporting the tentative record of Zajonz et al. (2019) from Abd al-Kuri Island. It was photographed at north-eastern Socotra Island, Roosh-Haleh, in a coral-rich habitat at 14 m depth.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFB8FF9BA0A87C06FC162C8A.taxon	description	Figure 14	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFB8FF9BA0A87C06FC162C8A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photographs. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.5 – 2.7 in SL; dorsal profile of head convex; posterior nostril twice as large as anterior nostril; teeth fully fused to form dental plates, upper dental plate about three-fourths covered by lips; cutting edge of dental plates nearly smooth; no teeth posteriorly on upper dental plate; caudal fin truncate with slightly prolonged lobes in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 15; median predorsal scales 4, first largest; cheek with 2 scale rows, lower row with 4 scales. Colouration: Body of initial phase orange anteriorly, scales with green arc, the green becoming progressively broader posteriorly. Terminal males green, the scale edges pink, posterior part of body usually with a greenish or green-yellow area; area beneath pectoral fins and abdomen pinkish or salmon pink; caudal fin with three blue bars. Both phases with pale orange operculum; upper lip, snout and chin green with extended irregular stripe to cheek at lower edge of eye; a short green stripe extending from posterior edge of eye; and pectoral fins orange with yellow axil.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFB8FF9BA0A87C06FC162C8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Restricted to the northern part of the Indian Ocean, previously believed to constitute a “ centre of endemism ” in southern Oman (Randall & Hoover 1995; Randall 1995). Its range subsequently extended east to Pakistan (Psomadakis et al. 2015) and Bangladesh (Hasan & Parvej 2020), and south-west to the Socotra Archipelago (present study).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFB8FF9BA0A87C06FC162C8A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individuals match the description of Scarus zufar provided by Randall & Hoover (1995); previously not recorded on Socotra Archipelago (Zajonz et al. 2019). The new record is based on underwater photographs taken in several localities at depths of 7 – 14 m from the south-western to the eastern part of Socotra Island; yet abundances were low. Subsequently, the species was observed in a mixed rocky and coral habitat with wave action at Abd al-Kuri Island, thus marking its westernmost range edge. It is unique in contrast to other species in that its initial phase and terminal males exhibit minor sexual dimorphism.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87875FDE52802.taxon	description	Figure 15	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87875FDE52802.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Underwater photograph. Distinctive characters: Body depth 2.3 – 3.0 in SL; dorsal profile of head slightly convex; teeth not fully fused to form dental plates; caudal fin truncate with slightly prolonged lobes in terminal males. Meristic values: Pectoral-fin rays 13; median predorsal scales 4; cheek with 1 scale row, with 4 – 5 scales. Colouration: Initial phase mottled grayish to reddish brown with fine whitish markings on scales; chest and operculum with 3 to 4 rows of white spots. Terminal males dull blue-green to olive-green with about 8 salmon-pink bands radiating from eye, and transverse bands on snout and chin. Both phases with caudal fin with a narrow whitish posterior margin and first membrane of dorsal fin with a dark blotch or streak.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87875FDE52802.taxon	distribution	Distribution: South-eastern Arabia south to South Africa, Madagascar, east to the Hawaiian and Pitcairn Islands; also reported from the tropical eastern Pacific. In the Arabian region known only from the Socotra Archipelago and southern Oman (Randall 1995).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87875FDE52802.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Observed individual matches the description of Calotomus carolinus (Bruce & Randall 1985; Randall 1995), supporting the tentative record of Zajonz et al. (2019). Observed at the southern coast of Socotra Island in sand areas among bedrock terraces with moderate algae growth at depths of 8 – 12 m. Calotomus viridescens (Rüppell, 1835) is a very similar species known from the Red Sea but differs in the presence of small black spots on postorbital head and anterior body.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87C90FE132A8A.taxon	description	Tentative records of Chlorurus gibbus exist from earlier surveys (Zajonz et al. 2000; Zajonz & Khalaf 2002; Zajonz et al. 2019), pending further confirmation (compare the remarks on C. strongylocephalus). The species may represent a stray, i. e. an ‘ occasional’ species sensu Magurran et al. (2011). The species has also been observed from the Hadramaut and Shabwah coasts of mainland Yemen (Zajonz pers. observation; Aideed pers. observation).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBEFF9BA0A87C90FE132A8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Restricted to the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (Golani & Fricke 2018), with tentative visual records from the Socotra Archipelago.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBFFF9AA0A879E7FC8B2816.taxon	description	Listed by Zajonz et al. (2019) as S. cf. persicus based on one visual record at Darsa Island (2007, U. Zajonz), and four visual records at Socotra Island (2011, 2013; M. S. Aideed and M. Martin). Not seen during field surveys in 2018 and 2019. Males of Scarus ferrugineus are similar to males of S. persicus but differ notably in being solid green posteriorly, having a broad blue-green mask on the snout and chin, lacking a diffuse blackish bar in the middle of the body, and the caudal fin is double emarginate.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBFFF9AA0A879E7FC8B2816.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Arabian / Persian Gulf to southern Oman (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995), with several visual records from the Socotra Archipelago (Zajonz et al. 2019).	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBFFF9AA0A87FB1FB822A49.taxon	description	Listed by Zajonz et al. (2019) based on three visual records from Abd al-Kuri Island (1999, U. Zajonz) and one visual record from Roosh-Haleh on Socotra Island (2007, U. Zajonz). Not seen during field surveys in 2018 and 2019. The Red Sea endemic Scarus collana Rüppell, 1835 is most similar externally, sharing green stripes ventrally on body and on caudal peduncle.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
039D87C9FFBFFF9AA0A87FB1FB822A49.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Red Sea south to South Africa, east to the Hawaiian Islands and French Polynesia. Known in the Arabian region from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, to southern Oman at the Hallaniyat Islands (Randall & Bruce 1983; Randall 1995; Lips et al. 2016), with visual records from the Socotra Archipelago.	en	Zajonz, Uwe, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Saeed, Fouad K. N., Aideed, Moteah S., Lavergne, Edouard (2023): Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini) of the Socotra Archipelago: Diversity and distributional biogeography, including a range extension of Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995. Zootaxa 5389 (3): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.3.1, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.3.1/52519
