identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039D87ECFFA5027AFF70D562FD807F70.text	039D87ECFFA5027AFF70D562FD807F70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycosidae Sundevall 1833	<div><p>Family Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87ECFFA5027AFF70D562FD807F70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Zongxu;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Li, Zongxu, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2013): The first record of the wolf spider subfamily Zoicinae from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3701 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.1.2
039D87ECFFA0027DFF70D6C1FC397DB6.text	039D87ECFFA0027DFF70D6C1FC397DB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lysania pygmaea Thorell 1890	<div><p>Lysania pygmaea Thorell, 1890 .</p><p>Figures 3 A–D, 4A–F, 7</p><p>Lysania pygmaea Thorell, 1890: 313; Roewer 1960: 973; Lehtinen &amp; Hippa 1979: 14, figs 4, 10, 49, 52–54, 63, 68. Anomalomma pygmaeum Roewer, 1955: 310 .</p><p>Material examined. 13 males and 40 females, China, Yunnan Province, Hekou County, Huayudong National Forest Park, 22°40′9.24″N, 103°56′11.34″E, alt. 130 m, 14 May 2011, Z.X. Li &amp; G.C. Zhou leg. (SWUC); 2 males, Yunnan Province, Puer City, 20 June 2008, Z.Z. Yang leg. (DLU); 1 male, Guangxi Province, Ningming County, Tongmian Town, 17 May 2006, M.S. Zhu leg. (MHBU).</p><p>Diagnosis. Similar to L. deangia (Figs 1 A–D, 2G–J), but males can be differentiated by the small lateral apophysis and slender embolus (Figs 3 A–B, 4G–H) and females by the long copulatory ducts (Figs 3 C–D, 4E–F).</p><p>Description. Male (Figs 4 B – C). Total length 3.78. Prosoma 1.77 long, 1.27 wide; opisthosoma 1.92 long, 0.93 wide. Dorsum of prosoma unicolorous dark, except for light posterior stripe behind fovea. Eye region black, with bushy white setae. Fovea longitudinal. Cervical groove and radial furrows indistinct. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.06, PME 0.14, PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.13. Clypeus height 0.07. Chelicerae elongate, black-brown, with three promarginal and six retromarginal teeth. Labium yellow-brown, with dark base, longer than wide. Endites yellow-brown, longer than wide. Sternum black brown, shield-shaped, with sparse brown setae. Legs yellow brown, with black pigmentation. Leg measurements: I 6.26 (1.67, 2.10, 1.45, 1.04); II 5.25 (1.40, 1.71, 1.29, 0.85); III 4.98 (1.35, 1.53, 1.32, 0.78); IV 7.57 (2.00, 2.29, 2.16, 1.12). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum black, with metallic bright and sparse brown setae. Venter yellow-brown.</p><p>Male pedipalp (Figs 3 A–B, 4G–H). Lateral apophysis narrow, beak-like, base of lateral apophysis broad. Embolus thin and long. Conductor wide and membranous.</p><p>Female (Figs 4 A, 4D) total length 3.73. Prosoma 1.70 long, 1.26 wide; opisthosoma 2.05 long, 1.34 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.06, PME 0.18, PLE 0.13; AME–AME 0.01, AME–ALE 0.05, PME– PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.16. Clypeus height 0.05. Leg measurements: I 4.80 (1.37, 1.62, 1.05, 0.76); II 4.04 (1.11, 1.34, 0.91, 0.68); III 4.00 (1.16, 1.26, 0.98, 0.60); IV 5.96 (1.58, 1.87, 1.64, 0.87). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum black brown, without metallic shine. Venter yellow-brown.</p><p>Epigyne (Figs 3 C–D, 4E–F). Copulatory openings posteriorly located, small and widely separated. Heads of spermathecae rounded. Stalks of spermathecae thin, long and curved in the middle.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Thorell 1890) and Southwest of China (Fig. 7).</p><p>Remarks. The type materials of L. pygmaea were unavaible for this research. We compared our specimens with the figures of L. pygmaea in Lehtinen &amp; Hippa (1979: 14, figs 4, 10, 49, 52–54, 63, 68), all the structures of male pedipalp were the same, except the shape of the conductor. Based on our specimens, the conductor is membranous, transparent and folded, which explains the differences to the drawings of Lehtinen &amp; Hippa (1979). Epigyne of this species was too small to clear. We compared our photo (Fig. 4 E) with the figure of Lehtinen &amp; Hippa (1979: 13, fig. 54) and we believe they are the same species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87ECFFA0027DFF70D6C1FC397DB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Zongxu;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Li, Zongxu, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2013): The first record of the wolf spider subfamily Zoicinae from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3701 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.1.2
039D87ECFFA50278FF70D2A0FB3E7CC6.text	039D87ECFFA50278FF70D2A0FB3E7CC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lysania Thorell 1890	<div><p>Genus Lysania Thorell, 1890</p><p>Type species. Lysania pygmaea Thorell, 1890 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Lysania appears closely related to Zoica (Lehtinen &amp; Hippa 1979; Hippa &amp; Lehtinen 1983), as both genera share the distal origin of the embolus in the male pedipalp and the absence of a median apophysis (Framenau et al. 2009). However, the genus differs by the beak-like lateral apophysis, wider conductor and longer copulatory ducts. Additionally, males of Lysania have an abdominal scutum dorsally or a sclerotised dorsum, with a metallic luster. Spiders live in small sheet-webs, which are apparently absent in Zoica .</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Thorell 1890; Lehtinen &amp; Hippa 1979), Borneo (Lehtinen &amp; Hippa 1979) and China (this study).</p><p>Remark. Our examination on two Chinese Lysania species confirmed 6 (occasionally 5 or 7) cheliceral retromarginal teeth present. This is unique character among Lycosidae and might be diagnostic. More Lysania specimens from other countries should be checked.</p><p>Lysania deangia sp. nov. Figures 1 A–D, 2A–J, 7</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, China, Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Ruili City, Mengxiu Town, Nangsang Village, rubber plantation, 24°01′28.08″N, 97°49′08.1″E, alt. 820m, 4 June 2011, Z.X. Li &amp; G.C. Zhou leg. (SWUC). Paratypes: 5 males and 18 females, same data as holotype (SWUC).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name comes from the word “De'ang”, the name of one of the Chinese ethnic minorities that live adjacent to the area inhabited by the new species; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Lysania deangia is similar to L. pygmaea (Figs 3 A – D, 4E – H), but differs by the broad and strong lateral apophysis, inflated at the base, shorter embolus (Figs 1 A – B, 2G – H) and straight stalk of spermatheca (Figs 1 C – D, 2I – J).</p><p>Description. Males total length 4.39–6.08. Holotype (Figs 2 B – C, 2E–F) total length 4.39. Prosoma 1.96 long, 1.37 wide; opisthosoma 2.23 long, 1.10 wide. Dorsum of prosoma unicolorous dark, except for light posterior stripe behind fovea. Eye region black, with dense white setae. Fovea longitudinal. Cervical groove and radial furrows indistinct. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.06, PME 0.16, PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.13. Clypeus height 0.07. Chelicerae elongate, blackish-brown, with three promarginal and six retromarginal teeth. Labium yellow-brown, with darker base, longer than wide. Endites yellow-brown, longer than wide. Sternum black-brown, shield-shaped, with sparse brown setae. Legs yellow-brown, with black pigmentation. Leg measurements: I 6.50 (1.74, 2.25, 1.47, 1.04); II 5.57 (1.54, 1.83, 1.35, 0.85); III 5.18 (1.40, 1.61, 1.34, 0.83); IV 7.89 (2.01, 2.45, 2.25, 1.18). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum black, with blue metallic luster and sparse brown setae. Venter yellow-brown.</p><p>Male pedipalp (Figs 1 A–B, 2G–H). Lateral apophysis beak-like, with a broad base. Embolus short. Conductor wide and membranous.</p><p>Female (paratype, Figs 2 A, 2D) total length 3.77. Prosoma 1.70 long, 1.15 wide; opisthosoma 1.84 long, 1.14 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.06, PME 0.18, PLE 0.13; AME–AME 0.01, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.16. Clypeus height 0.05. Leg measurements: I 5.44 (1.49, 1.83, 1.24, 0.88); II 3.97 (1.12, 1.23, 0.91, 0.71); III 4.68 (1.34, 1.41, 1.19, 0.74); IV 7.33 (1.85, 2.34, 2.14, 1.00). Leg formula: 4132. Chelicerae with three promarginal and six retromarginal teeth (two females with 5 retromarginal teeth and one female with 7 ones). Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum black-brown. Venter yellow-brown.</p><p>Epigyne (Figs 1 C–D, 2I –J). Copulatory openings located posteriorly, small and widely separated. Heads of spermathecae rounded. Stalks of spermathecae long and twisted.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan province, China (Fig. 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87ECFFA50278FF70D2A0FB3E7CC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Zongxu;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Li, Zongxu, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2013): The first record of the wolf spider subfamily Zoicinae from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3701 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.1.2
039D87ECFFA2027DFF70D78AFAF67F44.text	039D87ECFFA2027DFF70D78AFAF67F44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zoica Simon 1898	<div><p>Genus Zoica Simon, 1898</p><p>Type species. Zoica parvula Thorell, 1895 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Zoica appears closely related to Lysania (Lehtinen &amp; Hippa 1979; Hippa &amp; Lehtinen 1983) by having the male pedipalp without median apophysis and the distal origin of the embolus (Framenau et al. 2009). However, the genus can be differentiated by the small body size, the gently sloping cephalic area, uniformly yellow-brown to brown colour and by having shorter and strong stalks of the spermathecae of epigyne.</p><p>Distribution. Bhutan (Buchar 1997), Borneo, Thailand, New Guinea (Lehtinen &amp; Hippa 1979), India (Tikader &amp; Malhotra 1980; Biswas &amp; Roy 2008), Myanmar, Malaysia, Sri Lanka (Thorell 1895; Simon 1898; Lehtinen 1967; Lehtinen &amp; Hippa 1979), Western Australia (McKay 1979), Northern Territory and Queensland (V.W. Framenau personal communications), Pacific region (Framenau et al. 2009), and here reported from China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87ECFFA2027DFF70D78AFAF67F44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Zongxu;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Li, Zongxu, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2013): The first record of the wolf spider subfamily Zoicinae from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3701 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.1.2
039D87ECFFA20271FF70D59AFC4A7DC1.text	039D87ECFFA20271FF70D59AFC4A7DC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zoica unciformis	<div><p>Zoica unciformis sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 5 A – E, 6A–H, 7</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbana Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong City, Mengyang Town, Wild Elephant Valley, 22°10′25.68″N, 100°51′56.58″E, alt. 782m, 3 May 2011, Z.X. Li &amp; G.C. Zhou leg. (SWUC). Paratypes: 2 males and 19 females, with same data as holotype (SWUC).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective, meaning hook-like, and refers to the shape of the lateral apophysis.</p><p>Diagnosis. Zoica unciformis sp. nov. is similar to Z. carolinensis (Framenau et al. 2009: 228, figs 5–8), but differs by the pointed basal process of the lateral apophysis, the retrolaterally directed hook-shaped branch and the stout embolus (Figs 5 A–C, 6D, 6G–H); Heads of spermathecae ovate, stalks of spermathecae short and strong (Figs 5 D–E, 6E–F).</p><p>Description. Males (Figs 6 B – C) total length 1.96–2.68. Holotype total length 1.96. Prosoma 0.96 long, 0.71 wide; opisthosoma 0.86 long, 0.53 wide. Dorsum of prosoma yellow-brown. Eyes region black. Fovea longitudinal. Cervical groove and radial furrows indistinct. AME 0.04, ALE 0.04, PME 0.08, PLE 0.06; AME– AME 0.01, AME–ALE 0.01, PME–PME 0.02, PME–PLE 0.03. Clypeus height 0.03. Chelicerae elongate, yellowbrown, with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Labium light yellow, longer than wide. Endites light yellow, longer than wide. Sternum light yellow, shield-shaped, with sparse yellow setae. Legs light yellow. Leg measurements: I 2.45 (0.67, 0.83, 0.53, 0.42); II 2.28 (0.64, 0.74, 0.50, 0.40); III 2.09 (0.60, 0.67, 0.48, 0.34); IV 3.10 (0.84, 1.04, 0.77, 0.45). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum yellow brown, with distinct scutum and sparse brown hairs. Venter light yellow.</p><p>Male pedipalp (5A–C, 6D, 6G–H). Subtegulum located on baso-prolateral side of the bulb. Lateral apophysis with a pointed basal process and a hook-shaped branch retrolaterally pointed. Embolus stout. Conductor wide, membranous, with a pointed end.</p><p>Female (paratype, Fig. 6 A) total length 1.99. Prosoma 0.94 long, 0.70 wide; opisthosoma 1.01 long, 0.62 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.04, PME 0.07, PLE 0.06; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.03, PME–PLE 0.05. Clypeus height 0.03. Leg measurements: I 2.46 (0.73, 0.84, 0.50, 0.39); II 2.20 (0.64, 0.72, 0.45, 0.39); III 2.00 (0.59, 0.64, 0.46, 0.31); IV 3.10 (0.85, 1.06, 0.74, 0.45). Leg formula: 4123.</p><p>Epigyne (Figs 5 D–E, 6E–F). Copulatory openings located posteriorly, separated by the diameter of the opening. Heads of spermathecae ovate, stalks of spermathecae short and strong.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Yunnan, China (Fig. 7).</p><p>Acknowledgements</p><p>Many thanks are extended to Luis Piacentini (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Argentina), Volker W. Framenau (Phoenix Environmental Sciences, Western Australia) and Cor Vink (the subject editor) for their comments on this manuscript and to Gu-Chun Zhou (School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, China) for his assistance during the field work. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31272267) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (XDJK2012C087).</p><p>References</p><p>Biswas, B. &amp; Roy, R. (2008) Description of six new species of spiders of the genera Lathys (Family: Dictynidae), Marpissa (Family: Salticidae), Misumenoides (Family: Thomisidae), Agroeca (Family: Clubionidae), Gnaphosa (Family: Gnaphosidae) and Flanona (Family: Lycosidae) from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 108, 43–57.</p><p>Buchar, J. (1997) Lycosidae aus Bhutan 1. Venoniinae und Lycosinae (Arachnida: Araneae). Entomologica Basiliensia, 20, 5– 32.</p><p>Dondale, C.D. (1986) The subfamilies of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Actas X Congreso Internacional de Aracnología, Jaca, España, 1, 327 –332</p><p>Framenau, V.W. (2007) Revision of the new Australian genus Artoriopsis in a new subfamily of wolf spiders, Artoriinae (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zootaxa, 1391, 1–34.</p><p>Framenau, V.W., Berry, J.W. &amp; Beatty, J.A. (2009) Wolf spiders of the Pacific region: the genus Zoica (Araneae: Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 37, 225 –231.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/a08-54.1</p><p>Hippa, H. &amp; Lehtinen, P.T. (1983) The Zantheres group of Zoicinae (Araneae: Lycosidae) and a relimitation of the subfamily. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 20, 151 –156.</p><p>Lehtinen, P.T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 –468.</p><p>Lehtinen, P.T. &amp; Hippa, H. (1979) Spiders of the Oriental-Australian region. I. Lycosidae: Venoniinae and Zoicinae. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 16, 1–22.</p><p>Li, Z.X., Framenau, V.W. &amp; Zhang, Z.S. (2012) First record of the wolf spider subfamily Artoriinae and the genus Artoria from China (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zootaxa, 3235, 35–44.</p><p>McKay, R.J. (1979) The wolf spiders of Australia (Araneae: Lycosidae): 10. A new species of the genus Flanona Simon. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 19, 231 –235.</p><p>Platnick, N.I. (2013) The world spider catalog, version 13.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http:// research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog (Accessed 15 Apr. 2013)</p><p>Roewer, C.F. (1955 [imprint date 1954]) Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954 (Vol. 2b). Institut Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, pp. 925–1751.</p><p>Roewer, C.F. (1960) Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae) (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, 55, 519 –1040.</p><p>Simon, E. (1898) Histoire naturelle des Araignées, seconde édition. Tome 2, Fascicule 2. Paris: Libraire encyclopédique de Roret. 193–380 pp.</p><p>Thorell, T. (1890). Arachnidi di Pinang raccolti nel 1889 dai Signori L. Loria e L. Fea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 30, 269 –383</p><p>Thorell, T. (1895) Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma, Based Upon the Collection Made by Eugene W. Oates and Preserved in the British Museum. British Museum of Natural History, London, 397 pp.</p><p>Tikader, B.K. &amp; Malhotra, M.S. (1980) Lycosidae (Wolf-spiders). Fauna India (Araneae), 1, 248 –447.</p><p>Wang, L.Y., Marusik, Y.M. &amp; Zhang, Z.S. (2012) Notes on three poorly known Arctosa species from China (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zootaxa, 3404, 53–68.</p><p>Yoo, J.S. &amp; Framenau, V.W. (2006) Systematics and biogeography of the sheet-web building wolf spider genus Venonia (Araneae: Lycosidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 20, 675 –712.</p><p>http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is06013</p><p>Zyuzin, A.A. (1993) Studies on the wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). I. A new genus and species from Kazakhstan, with comments on the Lycosidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 33, 693 –700.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87ECFFA20271FF70D59AFC4A7DC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Zongxu;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Li, Zongxu, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2013): The first record of the wolf spider subfamily Zoicinae from China (Araneae: Lycosidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3701 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3701.1.2
